Journal articles on the topic 'Motional Inductance'
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Wcislik, Miroslaw, Karol Suchenia, and Andrzej Cyganik. "Vectorized Mathematical Model of a Slip-Ring Induction Motor." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 4015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154015.
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The paper deals with the modeling of a slip-ring induction motor. Induction motors are very often used in industry and their suitable model is needed to reduce control and operating costs. The identification process of self and mutual inductances of the stator and rotor, and mutual inductances between them in the function of the rotor rotation angle is presented. The dependence of each inductance on the rotor rotation angle is determined experimentally. The inductance matrix is then formulated. Taking the magnetic energy of the inductances and kinetic energy of the rotor into account, the Lagrange function is defined. Next, the motor motion equations are obtained. After making some algebraic transformations and using the dimensionless variables, the motion equations of electric circuits and of the mechanical equation are written separately in the forms facilitating their solution. The solution was obtained using the Simulink model for the stator and rotor currents in the form of vectors. The simulation was controlled by MATLAB script. The results of the simulation are presented in the form of basic variables time courses and compared with some values calculated with the use Steinmetz model of induction motor. The work is followed by two appendices, which contain procedures for determining the inverted inductance matrix.
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Kinsey, J. E., L. L. Lao, O. Meneghini, J. Candy, P. B. Snyder, and G. M. Staebler. "Equilibrium reconstruction of DIII-D plasmas using predictive modeling of the pressure profile." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 6 (June 2022): 062502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0078935.
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New workflows have been developed for predictive modeling of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium in tokamak plasmas. The goal of this work is to predict the MHD equilibrium in tokamak discharges without having measurements of the kinetic profiles. The workflows include a cold start tool, which constructs all the profiles and power flows needed by transport codes; a Grad–Shafranov equilibrium solver; and various codes for the sources and sinks. For validation purposes, a database of DIII-D tokamak discharges has been constructed that is comprised of scans in the plasma current, toroidal magnetic field, and triangularity. Initial efforts focused on developing a workflow utilizing an empirically derived pressure model tuned to DIII-D discharges with monotonic safety factor profiles. This workflow shows good agreement with experimental kinetic equilibrium calculations, but is limited in that it is a single fluid (equal ion and electron temperatures) model and lacks H-mode pedestal predictions. The best agreement with the H-mode database is obtained using a theory-based workflow utilizing pressure profile predictions from a coupled TGLF turbulent transport and EPED pedestal models together with external magnetics and Motional Stark Effect (MSE) data to construct the equilibrium. Here, we obtain an average root mean square error of 5.1% in the safety factor profile when comparing the predicted and experimental kinetic equilibrium. We also find good agreement with the plasma stored energy, internal inductance, and pressure profiles. Including MSE data in the theory-based workflow results in noticeably improved agreement with the q-profiles in high triangularity discharges in comparison with the results obtained with magnetic data only. The predictive equilibrium workflow is expected to have wide applications in experimental planning, between-shot analysis, and reactor studies.
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Xue, Ming, Qingxin Yang, Chunzhi Li, Pengcheng Zhang, Shuting Ma, and Xin Zhang. "Collaborative Optimization Method of Power and Efficiency for LCC-S Wireless Power Transmission System." Electronics 10, no. 24 (December 12, 2021): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243088.
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Dynamic wireless charging enables moving equipment such as electric vehicles, robots to be charged in motion, and thus is a research hotspot. The applications in practice, however, suffer from mutual inductance fluctuation due to unavoidable environmental disturbances. In addition, the load also changes during operation, which makes the problem more complicated. This paper analyzes the impacts of equivalent load and mutual inductances variation over the system by LCC-S topology modeling utilizing two-port theory. The optimal load expression is derived. Moreover, a double-sided control strategy enabling optimal efficiency and power adjustment is proposed. Voltage conducting angles on the inverter and rectifier are introduced. The simulation and experimental results verify the proposed method.
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Bernat, Jakub, Jakub Kołota, Sławomir Stępień, and Grzegorz Szymański. "An inductance lookup table application for analysis of reluctance stepper motor model." Archives of Electrical Engineering 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10171-011-0002-y.
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An inductance lookup table application for analysis of reluctance stepper motor model This research presents a method of modeling and numerical simulation of a reluctance stepper motor using reduced finite-element time-stepping technique. In presented model, the circuit equations are reduced to non-stationary differential equations, i.e. the inductance mapping technique is used to find relationship between coil inductance and rotor position. A strongly coupled field-circuit model of the stepper motor is presented. In analyzed model the magnetostatic field partial differential equations are coupled with rotor motion equation and solved simultaneously in each iterative step. The nonlinearity problem is solved using Newton-Raphson method with spline approximation of the B-H curve.
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Lu, S. K. S. "Design of symmetrical polylithic crystal filters having equal motional inductances." Electronics Letters 27, no. 16 (1991): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19910912.
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Tian, Hao, and Yuren Zhao. "Coil Inductance Model Based Solenoid on–off Valve Spool Displacement Sensing via Laser Calibration." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124492.
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Direct acting solenoid on–off valves are key fluid power components whose efficiency is dependent upon the state of the spool’s axial motion. By sensing the trajectory of the valve spool, more efficient control schemes can be implemented. Therefore, the goal of this study is to derive an analytical model for spool displacement sensing based on coil inductance. First, a mathematical model of the coil inductance as a function of air gap width and lumped magnetic reluctance is derived. Second, to solve the inductance from coil current, an optimization to obtain an initial value based on physical constraints is proposed. Furthermore, an experiment using a laser triangulation sensor is designed to correlate the magnetic reluctance to the air gap. Lastly, using the obtained empirical reluctance model to eliminate unknowns from the proposed air gap-inductance model, the model in atmosphere or hydraulic oil environments was tested. Initial results showed that the proposed model is capable of calculating the spool displacement based on the coil current, and the estimation errors compared to the laser measurement are within ±7% in air environment.
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Bae, Sungryong, and Pilkee Kim. "Load Resistance Optimization of Bi-Stable Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Based on Harmonic Balance." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041505.
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In this study, a semi-analytic approach to optimizing the external load resistance of a bi-stable electromagnetic energy harvester is presented based on the harmonic balance method. The harmonic balance analyses for the primary harmonic (period-1T) and two subharmonic (period-3T and 5T) interwell motions of the energy harvester are performed with the Fourier series solutions of the individual motions determined by spectral analyses. For each motion, an optimization problem for maximizing the output power of the energy harvester is formulated based on the harmonic balance solutions and then solved to estimate the optimal external load resistance. The results of a parametric study show that the optimal load resistance significantly depends on the inductive reactance and internal resistance of a solenoid coil––the higher the oscillation frequency of an interwell motion (or the larger the inductance of the coil) is, the larger the optimal load resistance. In particular, when the frequency of the ambient vibration source is relatively high, the non-linear dynamic characteristics of an interwell motion should be considered in the optimization process of the electromagnetic energy harvester. Compared with conventional resistance-matching techniques, the proposed semi-analytic approach could provide a more accurate estimation of the external load resistance.
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Lu, S. K. S. "Erratum: Design of symmetrical polylithic crystal filters having equal motional inductances." Electronics Letters 28, no. 16 (1992): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19920991.
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Castrejón, Arturo Mendoza, Herlinda Montiel Sánchez, and Guillermo Alvarez Lucio. "The Domain Dynamic in Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy Ribbons by Means Inductance Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 1083 (January 2015): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1083.21.
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In the present work, a detailed study of the structural relaxation through the complex inductance response by using Inductance Spectroscopy (IS) of Fe-based amorphous ribbons obtained by as quenching ultra-rapid technique, as a function of frequency form 4 to 400 kHz and under thermal treatment during 10, 20, 40, 60, 120 and 180 min, is presented. The analysis of experimental results of IS plots of real (L ́) and imaginary (L ́ ́) inductance show evidence of magnetization processes associated with domain walls: At low fields and low frequencies, L ́ showed a plateau, followed by a dispersion with a relaxation character, the relaxation frequency is about 100 kHz (domain wall bulging). For higher fields, the inductance value depended on the field amplitude (domain wall displacement). As the frequency increased, all the curves merged into the low field plot and exhibited the same relaxation dispersion. The dependence of magnetization processes on the domain wall is determined and interpreted on the basis of the domain wall motion equation. In this way the structural relaxation associated with domain dynamic is discussed and we can establish criteria for the design of certain filters at low frequencies (from 4 to 50 kHz).
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CHUVATIN, A. S., V. A. KOKSHENEV, L. E. ARANCHUK, D. HUET, N. E. KURMAEV, and F. I. FURSOV. "An inductive scheme of power conditioning at mega-Ampere currents." Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 3 (September 2006): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034606060551.
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This work describes an inductive energy storage scheme intended for power multiplication at mega-Ampere currents. The key power multiplication element of the scheme is an opening switch generating the voltage of inductive origin. The switch represents an additional volume with magnetically accelerated solid-state or plasma conductor between the generator and the load. Motion of the conductor increases the inductance of the volume. A sufficiently fast increase of this inductance at the end of magnetic energy storage time ensures power multiplication. A critical requirement for the accelerated conductor is the possibility of temporal profiling of the inductance increase. A proof-of-principle experiment at GIT12 shows that such profiling is possible. We suggest a simple analysis of the scheme efficiency and illustrate this analysis for a multi-mega-Ampere class generator. The scheme is alternative to existing inductive energy storage technologies for pulsed-power conditioning at high currents.
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Newling, Benedict, Christopher P. Poirier, Timothy A. Snow, Bruce J. Balcom, Paul M. Glover, Bruce G. Colpitts, Igor V. Mastikhin, Nathan L. Hetherington, and Rodney P. Macgregor. "A fast-switching, low-inductance gradient set for motion encoding." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B: Magnetic Resonance Engineering 39B, no. 4 (October 2011): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmr.b.20206.
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Stromberg, N. O., G. O. Dahlback, and P. M. Gustafsson. "Evaluation of various models for respiratory inductance plethysmography calibration." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 1206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.3.1206.
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We evaluated one nonlinear and two linear models of the ventilatory system while calibrating the respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) against a pneumotachometer. A calibration method involving voluntary varying rib cage and abdominal contributions to tidal volume in a single body position was utilized. The influence on accuracy of the choice of respiratory phase during calibration was assessed. Both tidal and intratidal volumes were evaluated. Ten adults with no history of respiratory disorders went through RIP calibration and validation in the sitting and supine positions. A linear calibration model, relating lung volume changes from the start of inspiration or expiration to rib cage and abdominal excursions from initiation of respiratory motion, had the best accuracy. The choice of respiratory phase for calibration did not affect accuracy. RIP generally underestimated lung volume at the start of inspiration and overestimated lung volume at the end of inspiration. RIP was more accurate in the supine than the sitting position, probably because of limited spine flexion in the supine position.
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Kirievskiy, Vladimir V., and Evgeny V. Kirievskiy. "Measuring of plasma’s velocity in electrodynamic railgun using high-frequency method." MATEC Web of Conferences 226 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822604004.
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A method is proposed for measuring the velocity of a moving plasma in an electrodynamic railgun in the part of internal ballistics. The achieved result is to provide a measurement of instantaneous velocity and an increase of the safety level for operation of measuring devices. The method is based on the excitation of the rail system of railgun high frequency electric oscillations during in due motion of plasma and creates current resonance. Then is continuously measured cyclic resonance frequency, and the instantaneous velocity of the plasma is determined by a formula, that consist of the current time, the cyclic resonance frequency, equivalent inductance of the power supply of railgun, linear inductance and rail length, and as well used as a model of measurement measure capacitance of capacitor, connected in parallel to rail of railgun grounded from one side. Application of plasma velocity measuring method is suitable for the highly-accurate control of plasma acceleration and pushed it to the railgun bodies with controlled acceleration, requiring measurement during movement of the plasma instantaneous values of velocity.
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Hashi, Shuichiro, Masaharu Toyoda, Shin Yabukami, Kazushi Ishiyama, Yasuo Okazaki, and Ken Ichi Arai. "Wireless Magnetic Motion Capture System—Compensatory Tracking of Positional Error Caused by Mutual Inductance." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 43, no. 6 (June 2007): 2364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2007.892874.
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Malyar, V. S., and A. V. Malyar. "Mathematical Model and Characteristics of the Induction Motor with a Power Supply from a Current Source." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 64, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2021-64-5-421-434.
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. Methods and mathematical models for studying the modes and characteristics of the three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor with the power supplied to the stator winding from the current source have been developed. The specific features of the algorithms for calculating transients, steady-state modes and static characteristics are discussed. The results of the calculation of the processes and characteristics of induction motors with the power supply from the current source and the voltage source are compared. Steady-state and dynamic modes cannot be studied with a sufficient adequacy based on the known equivalent circuits; this requires using dynamic parameters, which are the elements of the Jacobi matrix of the system of equations of the electromechanical equilibrium. In the mathematical model, the state equations of the stator and rotor circuits are written in the fixed two-phase coordinate system. The transients are described by the system of differential equations of electrical equilibrium of the transformed circuits of the motor and the equation of the rotor motion and the steady-state modes by the system of algebraic equation. The developed algorithms are based on the mathematical model of the motor in which the magnetic path saturation and skin effect in the squirrel-cage bars are taken into consideration. The magnetic path saturation is accounted for by using the real characteristics of magnetizing by the main magnetic flux and leakage fluxes of the stator and rotor windings. Based on them, the differential inductances are calculated, which are the elements of the Jacobi matrix of the system of equations describing the dynamic modes and static characteristic. In order to take into account the skin effect in the squirrel-cage rotor, each bar along with the squirrel-cage rings is divided height-wise into several elements. As a result, the mathematical model considers the equivalent circuits of the rotor with different parameters which are connected by mutual inductance. The non-linear system of algebraic equations of electrical equilibrium describing the steady-state modes is solved by the parameter continuation method. To calculate the static characteristics, the differential method combined with the Newton’s Iterative refinement is used.
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Raju, M. Naga, and M. Sandhya Rani. "Mathematical Modelling of Linear Induction Motor." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.24 (November 27, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24.21868.
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The Linear Induction Motor is a special purpose electrical machines it produces rectilinear motion in place of rotational motion. By using D-Q axes equivalent circuit the mathematical modelling is done because to distinguish dynamic behavior of LIM, because of the time varying parameters like end effect, saturation of core, and half filled slot the dynamic modelling of LIM is difficult. For simplification hear we are using the two axes modelling because to evade inductances time varying nature it becomes complex in modelling, this also reduces number of variables in the dynamic equation. Modelling is done using MATLAB/SIMULINK. LIM can be controlled by using sliding model control, vector control, and position control.
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Xu, Cuidong, Zhu Chen, Ka Cheng, Xiaolin Wang, and Ho Ho. "A Supercapacitor-Based Method to Mitigate Overvoltage and Recycle the Energy of Pantograph Arcing in the High Speed Railway." Energies 12, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071214.
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The pantograph arcing phenomenon may shorten the service life of a pantograph and even destroy onboard devices and instruments, due to the irregular motions of the train and the intermittent line–pantograph disconnection. This paper points out that abrupt inductive energy from the magnetizing inductance of the traction transformer can lead to an electromagnetic transient process with unexpected overvoltage across it. Further, a supercapacitor-based power electronic system is proposed, which can not only redirect the inductive energy to the supercapacitor pack through bidirectional converters but also mitigate the overvoltage across the main electrical equipment when pantograph arcing occurs. Simulation results show the overvoltage could be reduced and the energy stored in the supercapacitor which could also be used to provide energy for sensors or other devices.
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Fitting, JW, P. Frascarolo, E. Jequier, and P. Leuenberger. "Energy expenditure and rib cage-abdominal motion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." European Respiratory Journal 2, no. 9 (October 1, 1989): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.02090840.
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The resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry in 10 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in stable clinical state and in 10 normal subjects. In order to avoid artefactually increased values, REE was obtained from prolonged measurements in steady state using a ventilated hood, without facial apparatus. The REE of COPD patients was significantly increased to 117% of predicted basal metabolic rate and to 125% of the control group values. Rib cage and abdominal movements were measured in COPD patients by inductance plethysmography and expressed with three indices: rib cage contribution to tidal volume (RC/VT), variability in compartmental contribution to tidal volume (SD RC/VT), and maximal compartmental amplitude/tidal volume ratio (MCA/VT). No correlation was found between REE and any of the indices of rib cage and abdominal motion. We conclude that the REE is increased in patients with COPD in stable clinical state, but is not related to the degree of abnormal rib cage-abdominal motion.
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Cohen, K. P., W. M. Ladd, D. M. Beams, W. S. Sheers, R. G. Radwin, W. J. Tompkins, and J. G. Webster. "Comparison of impedance and inductance ventilation sensors on adults during breathing, motion, and simulated airway obstruction." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 44, no. 7 (July 1997): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.594896.
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Gong, Zhaowei, Jingang Li, Xiangqian Tong, and Yongsheng Fu. "A Hybrid Inductive Power Transfer System with High Misalignment Tolerance Using Double-DD Quadrature Pads." Electronics 11, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142228.
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Inductive power transfer (IPT) has been widely adopted as an efficient and convenient charging manner for both static and in-motion EVs. In this paper, a new hybrid topology is presented to improve the coupling tolerance under pad misalignment. The double inductor–capacitor–capacitor (LCC-LCC) network and series hybrid network combining the LCC-LCC topology and series-series (SS) topology are connected in parallel to provide better tolerance against self- and mutual inductance changes, particularly with a large Z-axis transmission distance. A double-DD quadrature pad (DD2Q) consists of a Q pad, and double orthogonal DD pads are analyzed in detail, which are employed to decouple the cross-mutual inductance. Moreover, a parametric design method based on the misalignment characteristics of the DD2Q pads is also proposed to maintain relatively constant power output. A 650-W hybrid topology with a fixed operating frequency of 85 kHz was built to verify the system’s feasibility. The size of the DD2Q pads was 280 mm × 280 mm, and the air gap was 100 mm. The results clearly show that the proposed hybrid topology can achieve a fluctuation within 5% in the output current with load varying from 100% full load to 25% light load conditions when the Z-axis transmission distance varies from 80 mm to 150 mm, and the maximum efficiency can reach 91% when the Z-axis transmission distance is 80 mm.
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Ismail, Nagham, Nesreen Ghaddar, and Kamel Ghali. "Determination of segmental and overall ventilation of clothed walking human by means of electric circuit analogy." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 5 (December 22, 2016): 586–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516685284.
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A new simplified model has been developed to determine the ventilation induced by swinging motion and external wind for a fabric clothed cylinder representing a limb or a trunk. The simplified model is based on an analogy between air flow and an electric circuit. When a clothed body segment is subject to external wind, the microclimate air flow electric circuit is represented by resistances. When the clothed segment is subject to a swinging motion, the air flow electric circuit is composed of inductance and resistance elements. The model is validated by comparing the predicted ventilation rates to published experimental data in different conditions: varying permeability, wind speeds, swinging frequencies (for the clothed arm), walking conditions, and aperture configurations. The predictions of the simplified model lie within the standard deviation range of the published experiments. Moreover, although it is simplified, the relative error between the simplified model and the published experiment of an oscillating limb is considered acceptable (18%).
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Xu, Song, Zhenlin Wang, Jingfei Chen, and Wei Jiang. "Research and Design of LC Series Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System with Modulation Control Method for Supercapacitor Charging in Linear Motion Systems." Energies 15, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 6739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186739.
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With the hot topic of “Carbon Neutrality”, energy efficiency and saving practices such as reducing fuel consumption, vigorously advocating new energy power and modern rail are now becoming the main research topics of energy conversion technologies. Supercapacitors, with their ability of higher power density, fast charging, and instantaneous high current output, have become an indispensable energy storage element in modern traction systems for modern rail. This proposal introduced wireless power transfer technologies by using LC series resonant technology for charging the supercapacitors. To match the voltage and current level of the supercapacitor, a four-switch buck-boost converter was applied on the secondary side of the load-matching converter. To regulate the wireless transfer power and charging power of the supercapacitor, the active modulation control method was introduced on both the primary and secondary sides of the transfer system. On the primary side, the power is controlled by controlling the current in resonant inductance through the phase shift control method, while on the secondary side, the charging power is controlled by regulating the input voltage of the four-switch buck-boost converter followed by inductance current control. The theoretical analysis under phase shift mode for the primary side and pulse width modulation for a four-switch buck-boost converter with a supercapacitor load (voltage source) were proposed in detail, and the state-space model of the load matching converter was established for controller design to obtain precise voltage and current control. Both open loop and closed loop simulation models were built in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, and simulations were carried out to evaluate the system characteristics and control efficiency. The experimental platform was established based on a dsPIC33FJ64GS606 digital controller. Experiments were carried out, and the results successfully verified the effectiveness of the system.
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Fischer, H. P., T. Wolf, W. Dieterich, and A. Majhofer. "Thermally activated flux motion in a one-dimensional Josephson-junction array with self-inductances." Physical Review B 54, no. 17 (November 1, 1996): 12397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.12397.
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Kamiński, Grzegorz, and Paweł Góralski. "The electromagnetic calculations of complex motion common magnetic circuit electromagnetic converter." Archives of Electrical Engineering 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2014-0010.
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Abstract This document contains results of research on complex motion common magnetic circuit electromagnetic converter characteristic that allows making independent axial and rotary shaft motion. The converter in addition to linear-rotary mechanism consists of two drive rotors and one common magnetic circuit excitator. Such a solution allows to reduce volume of the machine and makes it easier to use. The paper cites design intent and possible structure of the device. Phenomenon of common magnetic circuit adverse effect on correct operation of device is discussed. The concept of using relative error as a way to evaluate the influence of that phenomenon in the torques is discussed. Waveforms of determined relative errors for all possible cases is presented. Furthermore the concept of average relative error is defined and its use as a quantitative method of assessing the degree of common circuit impact is indicated. Definition of relative error ripple factor is given, and its usage is shown. Winding inductance calculation based on free FEM application is shown and its influence on control strategy and power system
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Pascucci, R. C., M. B. Hershenson, N. F. Sethna, S. H. Loring, and A. R. Stark. "Chest wall motion of infants during spinal anesthesia." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 2087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.5.2087.
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To test the extent to which diaphragmatic contraction moves the rib cage in awake supine infants during quiet breathing, we studied chest wall motion in seven prematurely born infants before and during spinal anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair. Infants were studied at or around term (postconceptional age 43 +/- 8 wk). Spinal anesthesia produced a sensory block at the T2-T4 level, with concomitant motor block at a slightly lower level. This resulted in the loss of most intercostal muscle activity, whereas diaphragmatic function was preserved. Rib cage and abdominal displacements were measured with respiratory inductance plethysmography before and during spinal anesthesia. During the anesthetic, outward inspiratory rib cage motion decreased in six infants (P less than 0.02, paired t test); four of these developed paradoxical inward movement of the rib cage during inspiration. One infant, the most immature in the group, had inward movement of the rib cage both before and during the anesthetic. Abdominal displacements increased during spinal anesthesia in six of seven infants (P less than 0.05), suggesting an increase in diaphragmatic motion. We conclude that, in the group of infants studied, outward rib cage movement during awake tidal breathing requires active, coordinated intercostal muscle activity that is suppressed by spinal anesthesia.
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Albassam, Bassam A. "Fast Attitude Maneuver of a Flexible Spacecraft with Passive Vibration Control Using Shunted Piezoelectric Transducers." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (January 17, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3162105.
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This paper is concerned with designing a bang-bang control input to perform a quick rotational maneuver of a rigid spacecraft hub connected with flexible appendages. The control design is based on only the rigid body mode making it very simple to design and at the same time achieve the quickest maneuver possible. The induced vibrations are suppressed using piezoelectric transducers bonded to the appendages and connected to an electric circuit with the objective of converting the vibrational energy to electrical energy and then dissipating it using passive electric elements, such as a resistance and an inductor. The proposed control design method is applied to a spacecraft containing a rigid hub and flexible appendages. The attitude control torque is produced using either the reaction wheels contained inside the rigid hub or jet thrusters mounted outside it. The control design process starts with deriving the nonlinear partial differential equations of motion for the spacecraft using Hamilton’s principle which accounts for the electromechanical coupling and the presence of resistive or resistive-inductive circuits. To simplify the analysis, the nonlinear ordinary differential equations of motion are then obtained using the assumed mode method. The effectiveness of the control design method is numerically tested on a spacecraft that is required to perform a quick attitude maneuver and, simultaneously, suppress the induced vibrations. The simulations show a quick and accurate maneuver has been achieved combined with very low levels of vibrations resulting from the reduced coupling between flexible and rigid motions as well as the damping added as a result of the passive shunt circuit. Furthermore, the resistance-inductance shunt circuit is shown to be more effective in damping the vibrations than the resistance shunt circuit.
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Zhang, Fugang, Haibin Yin, and Han Zhang. "Design and Analysis of Novel Synchronous Motion Technique for a Multi-Module Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 3617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103617.
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Traditionally, synchronous motion among multi-module permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSM) has been achieved by adopting independent power supply and control. This method, however, requires multiple drivers and has control time delays. This paper proposes a novel approach to overcome these drawbacks, in which the windings of each module connect in series. Aiming at this electrical connection, we conduct research on electromagnetic and synchronous characteristics. Firstly, a two-module PMLSM is created as a case. Secondly, accurate mathematical models considering coupling inductance for this novelty structure are established, which are essential to driving control. The synchronous characteristics of the two-module are then compared with the independent control of each module. Furthermore, this comparison is conducted under both external and no external disturbance. Finally, experimental results verify the correctness of mathematical models, and reveal that this novel technique could eliminate control time delay and acquire better anti-disturbance performance between the two-module.
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SAW, Sor Heoh, and Sing LEE. "Current-Voltage Characteristics of the Plasma Focus: A Deeper Look." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 16, no. 6 (November 24, 2018): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2019.4783.
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A capacitor bank discharges a current which is a sinusoidal function, lightly damped by unavoidable circuit resistance. When powering a plasma focus, the current waveform is further damped by the axial motion typically during the rising part of the current. The radial phase, with severe rate of change of inductance due to a rapidly collapsing current sheet to a small radius, is so severely damped over a short period near the current peak that the waveform goes into the sharp dip. This produces the well-known signature current dip of the properly-operated plasma focus. Corresponding to the inductively-caused current dip is a sharp voltage spike which typically rises to a peak value in excess of the voltage to which the capacitor is charged. These features are adequately described by circuit equations coupled to appropriate equations of motion. The loading effect of different gases due to differences in mass, differences in compressibility and differences in radiation also produces differences in the current waveforms particularly in the current dips and voltage spikes. These differences could be subtle or dramatic, as are demonstrated in this paper.
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Fernandes, Marcelo, Alberto Cukier, and Maria Ignêz Zanetti Feltrim. "Efficacy of diaphragmatic breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Chronic Respiratory Disease 8, no. 4 (November 2011): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479972311424296.
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This study investigated the effects of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) on ventilation and breathing pattern, seeking to identify predictors of its efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty-nine patients with moderate and severe COPD were monitored using respiratory inductance plethysmography and metabolic gas analysis. After 4 minutes of natural breathing, subjects completed 2 minutes of DB followed by 4 minutes of natural breathing. Dyspnea was measured using a visual analogue scale. Diaphragmatic mobility was assessed using chest radiography. DB was associated with a significant increase in tidal volume and reduction in breathing frequency, leading to higher ventilation and oxygen saturation, with a reduction in dead space ventilation and ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide. A total of 10 subjects with moderate (5) and severe (5) COPD performed DB with asynchronous thoracoabdominal motion, worsening the dyspnea, and decreasing the gain of tidal volume. Diaphragmatic mobility, inspiratory muscular strength, lower scores for dyspnea and hypoxemia as well as coordinated thoracoabdominal motion are associated with effective DB. In patients with COPD, DB can improve breathing pattern and ventilatory efficiency without causing dyspnea in patients whose respiratory muscular system is preserved.
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Patiño, Astrid García, and Carlo Menon. "Inductive Textile Sensor Design and Validation for a Wearable Monitoring Device." Sensors 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010225.
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Textile sensors have gained attention for wearable devices, in which the most popular are the resistive textile sensor. However, these sensors present high hysteresis and a drift when stretched for long periods of time. Inductive textile sensors have been commonly used as antennas and plethysmographs, and their applications have been extended to measure heartbeat, wireless data transmission, and motion and gesture capturing systems. Inductive textile sensors have shown high reliability, stable readings, low production cost, and an easy manufacturing process. This paper presents the design and validation of an inductive strain textile sensor. The anthropometric dimensions of a healthy participant were used to define the maximum dimensions of the inductive textile sensor. The design of the inductive sensor was studied through theoretical calculations and simulations. Parameters such as height, width, area, perimeter, and number of complete loops were considered to calculate and evaluate the inductance value.
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Slavov, S. H. "Modes of vibration, motion inductance, and resonance interval of circular, convex AT-cut bevelled design trapped energy quartz resonators." Applied Physics A Solids and Surfaces 40, no. 1 (May 1986): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00616592.
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Yatchev, Ivan, Krastio Hinov, and Vultchan Gueorgiev. "Dynamic characteristics of a bitable linear actuator with moving permanent magnet." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 1, no. 2 (2004): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0402207y.
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The dynamic characteristics of an ax symmetrical linear actuator with axially magnetized moving permanent magnet are obtained using combined field and circuit approach. The magnetic field of the actuator has been analyzed using the finite element method over a current-displacement sampling grid. Two field analyses are carried out for each point of the grid - one for the real system and one for the system where the permanent magnet is considered as a soft magnetic body. For each point of the grid, data for the total flux linkage, electromagnetic force and the coil inductance are extracted from the magnetic field analysis. These data are approximated by bicubic spline functions, which are employed in the solution of the system of ordinary differential equations of the electrical circuit and the mechanical motion. Results are obtained for the time variations of the coil current, mover displacement, mover velocity and electromagnetic force. The results for the current and displacement are verified experimentally.
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Cavaliere, Marco, Herman Alexander Jaeger, Kilian O’Donoghue, and Pádraig Cantillon-Murphy. "Planar Body-Mounted Sensors for Electromagnetic Tracking." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 2822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082822.
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Electromagnetic tracking is a safe, reliable, and cost-effective method to track medical instruments in image-guided surgical navigation. However, patient motion and magnetic field distortions heavily impact the accuracy of tracked position and orientation. The use of redundant magnetic sensors can help to map and mitigate for patient movements and magnetic field distortions within the tracking region. We propose a planar inductive sensor design, printed on PCB and embedded into medical patches. The main advantage is the high repeatability and the cost benefit of using mass PCB manufacturing processes. The article presents new operative formulas for electromagnetic tracking of planar coils on the centimetre scale. The full magnetic analytical model is based on the mutual inductance between coils which can be approximated as being composed by straight conductive filaments. The full model is used to perform accurate system simulations and to assess the accuracy of faster simplified magnetic models, which are necessary to achieve real-time tracking in medical applications.
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Smirnov, Alexander, and Dmitry Kudriashov. "Investigation of Rotor Braking Characteristics in a Drive with a Magnetoelectric Synchronous Generator." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 65, no. 1 (2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2022-1-56-62.
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The operation of a permanent magnet generator designed to limit the speed of movement of the moving parts of the drive to a steady value by closing the winding to a capacitive load is considered. The mechanical characteris-tics describing the properties of the generator in this mode are represented by stable - ascending and unstable – descending branches. The expansion of the operating frequency range of the generator is achieved by increasing the length of the stable branch of characteristics, for which it is necessary to minimize the scattering inductance by switching to magnetic systems with open slots and coil winding on the stator and an alternating-pole magnetic system with permanent magnets on the rotor. To increase the number of poles and use the higher harmonics of the armature field, in particular the third, as the working one is recommended for increasing the electromotive force and power of the generator at the lower limit of the operating frequency range. The mechanical characteristics of the generator are used to determine its electromagnetic moment when substituting into the equation of motion of the drive to simulate the motion of its operation. High requirements for simulation results are determined by means of angular characteristics previously calculated by precise grid methods.
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Menzhinski, A. B., A. N. Malashin, and Yu V. Suhodolov. "DEVELOPING AND THE ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF GENERATORS OF LINEAR AND RECIPROCATING TYPES WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC EXCITATION." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 2 (April 5, 2018): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-2-118-128.
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The mathematical modeling of generators of linear and reciprocating types with electromagnetic excitation resulted in obtaining the equivalent electrical circuit and diagrams of magnetic circuit of generators as well as the expressions that describe the electromagnetic processes in generators of linear and reciprocating types with electromagnetic excitation is presented in the article. Mathematical models of generators of linear and reciprocating types with electromagnetic excitation take into account the geometrical parameters of the magnetic system of generators, effect of the armature reaction, the unequal distribution of the magnetic field in the magnetic system of the generators and the dependence of the scattering coefficient and the fringe effect (in linear generators) and buckling (in the reciprocating electric generators) on the coordinates of the movement. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the generators of linear and reciprocating types with electromagnetic excitation was performed that demonstrated that the efficiency of the reciprocating generator with electromagnetic excitation is limited to the amount of movement of the moving part of the generator that can be considered as a drawback of this type of generators. Therefore, the reciprocating generator with electromagnetic excitation is more effective to be used in a small value of the working stroke of the movable part of it or in conjunction with a linear generator as a compensator of the end effect in reciprocating motion. In the linear generator the rate of change of inductance and mutual inductance throughout the movement of the moving part is practically constant. So if an increase of the magnitude of the working stroke of the movable part takes place the benefits of the linear generator are undeniable. However, it should be noted that a reduction of the stroke magnitude of the movable part of the linear generator is limited by constructional dimensions of the magnetic system of the generator, which reduces its efficiency at low value of the working stroke of the movable part.
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Dyrcz, Krzysztof, Mariusz Kubiczek, Ernest A. Mendrela, and Piotr Derugo. "Dynamics of Switched Reluctance Linear Tubular Motor for Reciprocating Water Pump." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020430.
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Simple, cheap, and efficient water pumps are needed in developing countries. A reciprocating water pump driven by a switched reluctance linear tubular motor with double pistons that can be supplied from a photovoltaic power source seems to respond to this demand. This type of new motor (one with reciprocating motion) is presented in the paper. In order to develop a strong driving force at two extreme piston positions and achieve a long piston stroke, a double coil motor with a double secondary and two springs is proposed. Simulation results of force, current, and voltage waveforms obtained using MATLAB/Simulink are presented. The electromagnetic forces and coil inductances, which depended on the current and the secondary positions of the pistons, were determined using FEM. Simulation results are compared with those obtained from an experiment carried out on the motor prototype.
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Jayasekera, Shehan, Edward Hensel, and Risa Robinson. "Feasibility Assessment of Wearable Respiratory Monitors for Ambulatory Inhalation Topography." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 14, 2021): 2990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062990.
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Background: Natural environment inhalation topography provides useful information for toxicant exposure, risk assessment and cardiopulmonary performance. Commercially available wearable respiratory monitors (WRMs), which are currently used to measure a variety of physiological parameters such as heart rate and breathing frequency, can be leveraged to obtain inhalation topography, yet little work has been done. This paper assesses the feasibility of adapting these WRMs for measuring inhalation topography. Methods: Commercially available WRMs were compiled and assessed for the ability to report chest motion, data analysis software features, ambulatory observation capabilities, participant acceptability, purchasing constraints and affordability. Results: The following WRMs were found: LifeShirt, Equivital EQ02 LifeMonitor, Smartex WWS, Hexoskin Smart Garment, Zephyr BioHarness, Nox T3&A1, BioRadio, SleepSense Inductance Band, and ezRIP & zRIP Durabelt. None of the WRMs satisfied all six assessment criteria in a manner enabling them to be used for inhalation topography without modification and development. Conclusions: The results indicate that there are WRMs with core technologies and characteristics that can be built upon for ambulatory inhalation topography measurement in the NE.
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Louca, L. S., and J. L. Stein. "Ideal physical element representation from reduced bond graphs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 216, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0959651021541444.
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Previous research has demonstrated that bond graphs are a natural and convenient representation to implement energy-based metrics that evaluate the relative ‘value’ of energy elements in a dynamic system model. Bond graphs also provide a framework for systematically reformulating a reduced bond graph model (and thus the state equations) of the system that results from eliminating the ‘unimportant’ elements. This paper shows that bond graphs also provide a natural and convenient representation for developing a rigorous approach for interpreting the removal of ideal energy elements from the system model. For example, when a generalized inductance in the mechanical domain is eliminated from a model, the bond graph shows whether the coordinate representing the motion of the body becomes free to move (zero inertia) or fixed to ground (infinite inertia). This systematic interpretation of element removal makes bond graphs an attractive modelling language for automated model reduction techniques. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate how the developed approach can be applied to provide the physical interpretation of energy element removal from a mechanical system.
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Patel, A. S., Senthil K, Rakhee Menon, Ankan Basak, Romesh Chandra, S. Mitra, and Amitava Roy. "A 500 kV, 10 kA, 40 ns coaxial Marx generator pulser for cable fed flash x-ray system." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 104708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106045.
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Flash x-ray (FXR) systems are used for dynamic radiography. Depending on the speed of the object, these systems typically require a very short pulse duration (∼25 ns) for image acquisition without motion blur. The conventional Marx generators with zigzag discharge paths result in higher inductance; hence, they do not meet the requirement of shorter pulse duration (30–40 ns) and low impedance (40–60 Ω) simultaneously. A coaxial Marx generator has been designed and developed, which is capable of generating 500 kV peak voltages and 10 kA peak current within a 40 ns pulse duration. The CST simulation of the coaxial Marx generator has been carried out to validate the design parameters. The FXR electron beam diode is powered by this Marx generator. Experiments were carried out to measure the x-ray parameters like pulse width, source size, x-ray energy spectrum, penetration depth, and cone angle. The maximum measured x-ray dose was 62 mR at 1 m distance from the source window. The x-ray radiograph demonstrates a penetration depth of 32 mm in steel kept at 2.5 m distance from the source for 500 kV diode voltages.
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Heldt, G. P., and M. B. McIlroy. "Dynamics of chest wall in preterm infants." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.1.170.
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The chest wall of the preterm infant has visible paradoxical movement during breathing, because of its greater flexibility than those of older children and adults. We studied the dynamics of the chest wall in 10 preterm infants to describe the interaction of the chest wall volume, as partitioned by the inductance plethysmograph, and the transthoracic and abdominal pressures. There was considerable hysteresis between the chest wall volume and the transthoracic pressure, and it had linear pressure-volume behavior during airway occlusion, late inspiration, and early expiration. The slope of this pressure-volume relationship, or the instantaneous chest wall compliance, averaged 0.89 +/- 0.16 and 0.94 +/- 0.18 ml/cmH2O for the respiratory effort during airway occlusion and early expiration, respectively. The dynamic compliance was considerably greater, averaging 7.8 +/- 2.3 ml/cmH2O. This resistive pressure-volume behavior was not related to the absolute value of or the rate of development of the esophageal or abdominal pressures. This additional degree of freedom of motion of the chest wall suggests that its linkage to the diaphragm is flexible, which provides a braking force for expiration and allows free movement of the diaphragm for breathing movements before birth.
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Carpenter, T., and S. Torvén. "Some dynamical properties of very strong double layers in a triple plasma device." Laser and Particle Beams 5, no. 2 (May 1987): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600002809.
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We present experimental results on three dynamic properties of very strong double layers observed in a triple plasma device. First, it is observed that when an inductance of sufficient size is inserted in series with the external bias supply used to produce the double layer, disruptions in the plasma current occur accompanied by disruptions in the double layer potential. Second, it is observed that with all external reactances reduced as much as possible, a sort of jitter-motion occurs in the position of the double layer around its equilibrium position. Third, when the external bias supply is pulsed, the initial potential distribution is observed to have an essentially uniform slope, as in the case of a vacuum capacitor. The disruption phenomenon may be explained in terms of the behavior of the potential structure as a function of the bias voltage and this explanation is discussed along with the experimental evidence for its validity. A comparable understanding of the other two phenomena has not been achieved, but in both cases there are qualitative differences between the behavior reported here and what has been observed in Q-machines and these differences are discussed.
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Kochemirovsky, Vladimir, Svetlanav Kochemirovskaia, Michael Malygin, Alexey Kuzmin, Maxim Novomlinsky, Alena Fogel, and Lev Logunov. "Low-Frequency Magnetic Scanning Device and Algorithm for Determining the Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Fractions of Moving Metallurgical Raw Materials." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102001.
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The development of an algorithm to automate the process of measuring the magnetic properties of macroscopic objects in motion is an important problem in various industries, especially in ferrous metallurgy and at factories where ferrous scrap is a strategic raw material. The parameter that requires work control is the hidden mass fraction of a non-magnetic substance that is present in the ferromagnetic raw material. The solution to this problem has no prototypes. In our work, a simple measuring device and a mathematical algorithm for calculating the mass fraction of the non-magnetic fraction in a strongly magnetic matrix were developed. The device is an inductance coil, in which the angle of the electromagnet losses is related to the mass of the magnetic material moving the coil. The magnitude of the instantaneous values of the lost angle integral was compared with the result of weighing the object on scales. This allowed us to calculate the proportion of the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. The use of this prototype is herein illustrated. The experimental results of the determination of the magnetic-fractional composition depending on the mass of scrap metal and its bulk and the magnetic characteristics are presented.
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Paek, D., K. B. Kelly, and F. D. McCool. "Postural effects on measurements of tidal volume from body surface displacements." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 2482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.6.2482.
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Tidal volume measurements based on the sum of volume displacements of the rib cage (RC) and abdomen (Ab) are limited in accuracy when changes in posture occur. To elucidate the underlying sources of error, five subjects performed spinal flexion-extension isovolume maneuvers and then performed Konno-Mead isovolume maneuvers at different lung volumes while erect, with the spine fully flexed, and at intermediate degrees of spinal flexion. RC and Ab dimensions were measured with respiratory inductance plethysmograph belts, and spinal flexion was assessed by a pair of magnetometers measuring the xiphi-Ab distance (Xi). RC and Ab volume-motion coefficients (alpha and beta, respectively) were calculated from the slope (-beta/alpha) of the Konno-Mead isovolume lines. We found that 1) spinal flexion with constant lung volume mainly increases the RC dimension, thereby displacing the Konno-Mead isovolume lines, and 2) spinal flexion decreases the -beta/alpha by decreasing beta. The error related to displacement averaged 28.4 +/- 15% of vital capacity, whereas the error related to changes in beta averaged 14 +/- 6% (SD). The systematic relationship of these errors with the degree of spinal flexion provides a mechanism whereby the addition of Xi to RC and Ab displacements significantly (P less than 0.001) improves volume estimates.
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Karaliunas, Bronius, and Edvardas Matkevicius. "Calculation of the Parameters of a Linear Electric Drive." Solid State Phenomena 113 (June 2006): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.113.34.
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The paper considers some problems of calculating major parameters and characteristics of a mechatronic system with a linear induction motor (LIM). It has been shown that LIM operating in the presence of traveling magnetic fields are widely used alongside other actuators. These motors allow for modular design because inductors may be made as independent modules. Then, by choosing the required number of inductors and their arrangement in a mechatronic system, a desired trajectory of transverse motion may be obtained. A theoretical model for LIM calculation, taking into account major assumptions about onedimensional magnetic field, is offered. Complex amplitude is expressed as the exponential function of a longitudinal coordinate of current volumetric density of the inductor. The above inductances as the parameters of dynamic equations may be used in further investigation of dynamics of mechatronic systems. However, in order to create optimal control systems for mechatronic systems with linear actuators, the major parameters and characteristics of a linear motor should be known. Therefore, the present investigation is aimed at developing methods for calculating the parameters of mechatronic systems with linear electric drives.
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Martynenko, Gennadii. "APPLICATION OF NONLINEAR MODELS FOR A WELL-DEFINED DESCRIPTION OF THE DYNAMICS OF ROTORS IN MAGNETIC BEARINGS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 3 (May 31, 2016): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2016.00074.
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A research report has been submitted. It deals with implementing a method for a mathematical description of the nonlinear dynamics of rotors in magnetic bearings of different types (passive and active). The method is based on Lagrange-Maxwell differential equations in a form similar to that of Routh equations in mechanics. The mathematical models account for such nonlinearities as the nonlinear dependencies of magnetic forces on gaps in passive and active magnetic bearings and on currents in the windings of electromagnets; nonlinearities related to the inductances in coils; the geometric link between the electromagnets in one AMB and the link between all AMBs in one rotor, which results in relatedness of processes in orthogonal directions, and other factors. The suggested approach made it possible to detect and investigate different phenomena in nonlinear rotor dynamics. The method adequacy has been confirmed experimentally on a laboratory setup, which is a prototype of a complete combined magnetic-electromagnetic suspension in small-size rotor machinery. Different variants of linearizing the equations of motion have been considered. They provide for both linearization of restoring magnetic or electromagnetic forces in passive and active magnetic bearings, and exclusion of nonlinear motion equation terms. Calculation results for several linearization variants have been obtained. An appraisal of results identified the drawbacks of linearized mathematical models and allowed drawing a conclusion on the necessity of applying nonlinear models for a well-defined description of the dynamics of rotor systems with magnetic bearings.
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Han, Hong Biao, and Yu Peng Guo. "Study on Electrospark Depositing & Welding Power Supply." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.165.
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The requirements of the power supply design are proposed based on the principle of discharge process in depositing & welding power supply, and a depositing & welding power system schematic is designed according to the requirements. The control manner of the power supply combines RLC (Resistance-Inductance-Capacitance) circuit with fast SCR, and the deposition and restoration can be achieved by using the NE555 circuit to trigger the fast silicon controlled rectifier. Furthermore, parameters such as voltage, capacitance, frequency, motion mode of electrode are probed into, a depositing & welding test is experimented and the waveform of the power supply are analyzed. According to the results of experiments and analysis, it is clear that the output of the power supply can meet the requirements of working successfully and achieve the required standard to do electrospark depositing and welding operations. However, the actual working electrospark frequency is lower than the trigger pulse frequency added on the fast SCR, which result in a lower efficiency in depositing & welding work. Main reasons for this situation is that the relative movement of the electrode and the work-piece can’ t guarantee the best conditions for electrospark and the fast SCR in circuit can’t be reliably turn-off fast. These research laid foundations for further electrospark depositing & welding power supply design and efficiency improvement.
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Ibadullaev, M., and A. N. Tovbaev. "Research of Ferr-Resonance Oscillations at the Frequency of Subharmonics in Three-Phase Non-Linear Electric Circuits and Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601113.
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It is known that the occurrence and existence of ferroresonant oscillations at the subharmonic frequency (SHC) in power transmission lines (TL) and in power supply systems is extremely undesirable, since they cause ferroresonant overvoltages at different frequencies. At the same time, there is a wide class of nonlinear electrical circuits, in which the excitation of autoparametric oscillations (AIC) at the frequency of the SHC forms the basis of frequency converting devices serving as secondary power sources. It is shown that three-phase nonlinear systems are in one way or another equivalent circuits for power transmission lines, the main elements of which are: longitudinal compensation capacitors, transverse compensation reactors, and transformers with a nonlinear characteristic. To study the regularities of the excitation and maintenance of SHC at a frequency in three-phase electro-ferromagnetic circuits (EFMC), theoretical and experimental studies of an equivalent model of a three-phase circuit with nonlinear inductance were carried out. For the analysis of the steady-state mode of the SHC at the frequency, the method of a small parameter (averaging) was applied. A shortened differential equation of motion for a three-phase nonlinear circuit is obtained. By solving them, the regions of existence of the SHC and the critical parameters of the chain were determined. The obtained results of theoretical research are confirmed by experimental studies.
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Bondarenko, A. V. "Innovative principles of electric power supply of non-traction power consumers of railway transport." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2020-2-44-50.
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The issues of fundamental changes of electric power-supply of non-traction devices, such as, line-section devices and systems of railway transport are addressed in the article. It is clearly shown that the possibility of electric power-supply of such consumers without using the common high-voltage line-section power-supply lines of alternative voltage of 6 or 10 kV and respective power-supply substations can be implemented in practice. The essence of the proposed is that the electric power-supply source is not a high-voltage power-supply line, but a device which converts potential mechanical energy of a train, moving along a line section between signal points of railway automatic block system, into electrical one. Putting the described power-supply devices into operation provides technical as well as economic advantages over currently and widely used power-supply systems. The conversion of energy is carried out by changing magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit, which includes railway car wheel-set in motion and direct neodymium magnet. Change in magnetic resistance due to the law of electromagnetic induction results in alternate voltage in the inductance coil, which is used as the electric power-supply source for non-traction line-section power consumers, including but not limited to, signal point of railway automatic block system. In case there is no wheel-set on the converter, electric power-supply for the power consumer is delivered by the electric energy accumulated in an ionistor (supercapacitor).
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Kaiser, Waldemar, Michael Haider, Johannes A. Russer, Peter Russer, and Christian Jirauschek. "Markovian Dynamics of Josephson Parametric Amplification." Advances in Radio Science 15 (September 21, 2017): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-15-131-2017.
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Abstract. In this work, we derive the dynamics of the lossy DC pumped non-degenerate Josephson parametric amplifier (DCPJPA). The main element in a DCPJPA is the superconducting Josephson junction. The DC bias generates the AC Josephson current varying the nonlinear inductance of the junction. By this way the Josephson junction acts as the pump oscillator as well as the time varying reactance of the parametric amplifier. In quantum-limited amplification, losses and noise have an increased impact on the characteristics of an amplifier. We outline the classical model of the lossy DCPJPA and derive the available noise power spectral densities. A classical treatment is not capable of including properties like spontaneous emission which is mandatory in case of amplification at the quantum limit. Thus, we derive a quantum mechanical model of the lossy DCPJPA. Thermal losses are modeled by the quantum Langevin approach, by coupling the quantized system to a photon heat bath in thermodynamic equilibrium. The mode occupation in the bath follows the Bose-Einstein statistics. Based on the second quantization formalism, we derive the Heisenberg equations of motion of both resonator modes. We assume the dynamics of the system to follow the Markovian approximation, i.e. the system only depends on its actual state and is memory-free. We explicitly compute the time evolution of the contributions to the signal mode energy and give numeric examples based on different damping and coupling constants. Our analytic results show, that this model is capable of including thermal noise into the description of the DC pumped non-degenerate Josephson parametric amplifier.
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Biswas, Dipon K., Melissa Sinclair, Tien Le, Salvatore Andrea Pullano, Antonino S. Fiorillo, and Ifana Mahbub. "Modeling and Characterization of Scaling Factor of Flexible Spiral Coils for Wirelessly Powered Wearable Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082282.
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Wearable sensors are a topic of interest in medical healthcare monitoring due to their compact size and portability. However, providing power to the wearable sensors for continuous health monitoring applications is a great challenge. As the batteries are bulky and require frequent charging, the integration of the wireless power transfer (WPT) module into wearable and implantable sensors is a popular alternative. The flexible sensors benefit by being wirelessly powered, as it not only expands an individual’s range of motion, but also reduces the overall size and the energy needs. This paper presents the design, modeling, and experimental characterization of flexible square-shaped spiral coils with different scaling factors for WPT systems. The effects of coil scaling factor on inductance, capacitance, resistance, and the quality factor (Q-factor) are modeled, simulated, and experimentally validated for the case of flexible planar coils. The proposed analytical modeling is helpful to estimate the coil parameters without using the time-consuming Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation. The analytical modeling is presented in terms of the scaling factor to find the best-optimized coil dimensions with the maximum Q-factor. This paper also presents the effect of skin contact with the flexible coil in terms of the power transfer efficiency (PTE) to validate the suitability as a wearable sensor. The measurement results at 405 MHz show that when in contact with the skin, the 20 mm× 20 mm receiver (RX) coil achieves a 42% efficiency through the air media for a 10 mm distance between the transmitter (TX) and RX coils.