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Journal articles on the topic 'Motion template'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

JU, ZHAOJIE, XIANGYANG ZHU, and HONGHAI LIU. "EMPIRICAL COPULA-BASED TEMPLATES TO RECOGNIZE SURFACE EMG SIGNALS OF HAND MOTIONS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 08, no. 04 (December 2011): 725–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843611002630.

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Current tendency of electromyography (EMG)-based prosthetic hand is to enable the user to perform complex grasps or manipulations with natural muscle movements. In this paper, empirical copula-based templates; including the unified motion template and the state-based motion template, are introduced to identify the naturally contracted surface EMG (sEMG) patterns for hand motion recognition. The unified motion template utilizes a dependence structure as a motion template, which includes one-to-one correlations of the SEMG feature channels with all the sampling points, while the state-based motion template divides the sampling points into different states and takes the union of the dependence structures of the different states. Comparison results have demonstrated that the proposed Empirical Copula-based methods can successfully classify different hand motions from different subjects with better recognition rates than Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). In addition, the state-based motion template has a better performance than the unified motion template especially for the complex hand motions.

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Li, Zhiyong, Pengfei Li, Xiaoping Yu, and Mervat Hashem. "Real-Time Tracking by Double Templates Matching Based on Timed Motion History Image with HSV Feature." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/793769.

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It is a challenge to represent the target appearance model for moving object tracking under complex environment. This study presents a novel method with appearance model described by double templates based on timed motion history image with HSV color histogram feature (tMHI-HSV). The main components include offline template and online template initialization, tMHI-HSV-based candidate patches feature histograms calculation, double templates matching (DTM) for object location, and templates updating. Firstly, we initialize the target object region and calculate its HSV color histogram feature as offline template and online template. Secondly, the tMHI-HSV is used to segment the motion region and calculate these candidate object patches’ color histograms to represent their appearance models. Finally, we utilize the DTM method to trace the target and update the offline template and online template real-timely. The experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently handle the scale variation and pose change of the rigid and nonrigid objects, even in illumination change and occlusion visual environment.

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SHARMA, ARUN, DINESH K. KUMAR, SANJAY KUMAR, and NEIL McLACHLAN. "WAVELET DIRECTIONAL HISTOGRAMS OF THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL TEMPLATES OF HUMAN GESTURES." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 02, no. 03 (September 2004): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691304000512.

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This paper evaluates the efficacy of directional information of wavelet multi-resolution decomposition to enhance histogram-based classification of human gestures. The gestures are represented by spatio-temporal templates. This template collapses spatial and temporal components of motion into a static gray scale image such that no explicit sequence matching or temporal analysis is required, and it reduces the dimensionality to represent motion. These templates are modified to be invariant to translation and scale. Two-dimensional, 3-level dyadic wavelet transforms have been applied on the template resulting in one lowpass sub-image and nine highpass directional sub-images. Histograms of wavelet coefficients at different scales are used for classification purposes. The experiments demonstrate that while the statistical properties of the template provide high level of classification accuracy, the global detail activity available in highpass decompositions significantly improve the classification accuracy.

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Huang, Zhi-Long, and Hsu-Feng Hsiao. "Inter-frame Prediction with Fast Weighted Low-rank Matrix Approximation." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eletel-2013-0001.

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Abstract In the field of video coding, inter-frame prediction plays an important role in improving compression efficiency. The improved efficiency is achieved by finding predictors for video blocks such that the residual data can be close to zero as much as possible. For recent video coding standards, motion vectors are required for a decoder to locate the predictors during video reconstruction. Block matching algorithms are usually utilized in the stage of motion estimation to find such motion vectors. For decoder-side motion derivation, proper templates are defined and template matching algorithms are used to produce a predictor for each block such that the overhead of embedding coded motion vectors in bit-stream can be avoided. However, the conventional criteria of either block matching or template matching algorithms may lead to the generation of worse predictors. To enhance coding efficiency, a fast weighted low-rank matrix approximation approach to deriving decoder-side motion vectors for inter frame video coding is proposed in this paper. The proposed method first finds the dominating block candidates and their corresponding importance factors. Then, finding a predictor for each block is treated as a weighted low-rank matrix approximation problem, which is solved by the proposed column-repetition approach. Together with mode decision, the coder can switch to a better mode between the motion compensation by using either block matching or the proposed template matching scheme.

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Zhou, Wei, Heting Xiao, Zhonggang Wang, Lin Chen, and Shaoqing Fu. "Dynamic target template matching for railway catenary suspension motion detection in wind area." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 9 (September 2018): 155014771879795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718797956.

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A dynamic target template matching method was proposed to identify railway catenary suspension movements of wind-induced vibration in wind area. Catenary positioning point was taken as the target template, which was compared with equal-sized image sequentially using the proposed matching difference. And, three-dimensional contour map of matching difference value at each sub-area was obtained, where the target pixel coordinates were determined by the minimum matching difference value. Considering the complex imaging condition, the target template was updated by the detected target image to sense the gradual change of illumination conditions like brightness and contrast. Furthermore, to eliminate detecting errors due to wind-induced camera vibration, both static and moving target templates were identified for acquiring the absolute motion of the moving target. Finally, validation test was performed with animation in PowerPoint. The calculated target displacement agrees well with theoretical motion with maximum relative error of 1.8%. And experiment application was conducted at site by analyzing the relationship between detecting displacement and wind speed. Results indicate that the proposed dynamic target template matching method can meet required engineering precision and provide an effective way for wind-vibration safety research of railway catenary system in wind area.

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Liu, Jian, Kuangrong Hao, Yongsheng Ding, Shiyu Yang, and Lei Gao. "Multi-State Self-Learning Template Library Updating Approach for Multi-Camera Human Tracking in Complex Scenes." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 31, no. 12 (September 17, 2017): 1755016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001417550163.

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In multi-camera video tracking, the tracking scene and tracking-target appearance can become complex, and current tracking methods use entirely different databases and evaluation criteria. Herein, for the first time to our knowledge, we present a universally applicable template library updating approach for multi-camera human tracking called multi-state self-learning template library updating (RS-TLU), which can be applied in different multi-camera tracking algorithms. In RS-TLU, self-learning divides tracking results into three states, namely steady state, gradually changing state, and suddenly changing state, by using the similarity of objects with historical templates and instantaneous templates because every state requires a different decision strategy. Subsequently, the tracking results for each state are judged and learned with motion and occlusion information. Finally, the correct template is chosen in the robust template library. We investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method using three databases and 42 test videos, and calculate the number of false positives, false matches, and missing tracking targets. Experimental results demonstrate that, in comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms for 15 complex scenes, our RS-TLU approach effectively improves the number of correct target templates and reduces the number of similar templates and error templates in the template library.

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Xiao, Shengjun, Linwang Yuan, Wen Luo, Dongshuang Li, Chunye Zhou, and Zhaoyuan Yu. "Recovering Human Motion Patterns from Passive Infrared Sensors: A Geometric-Algebra Based Generation-Template-Matching Approach." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120554.

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The low-cost, indoor-feasibility, and non-intrusive characteristic of passive infrared sensors (PIR sensors) makes it widely used in human motion detection, but the limitation of its object identification ability makes it difficult to further analyze in the field of Geographic Information System (GIS). We present a template matching approach based on geometric algebra (GA) that can recover the semantics of different human motion patterns through the binary activation data of PIR sensor networks. A 5-neighborhood model was first designed to represent the azimuth of the sensor network and establish the motion template generation method based on GA coding. Full sets of 36 human motion templates were generated and then classified into eight categories. According to human behavior characteristics, we combined the sub-sequences of activation data to generate all possible semantic sequences by using a matrix-free searching strategy with a spatiotemporal constraint window. The sub-sequences were used to perform the matching operation with the generation-templates. Experiments were conducted using Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL) motion datasets. The results suggest that the sequences of human motion patterns could be efficiently extracted in different observation periods. The extracted sequences of human motion patterns agreed well with the event logs under various circumstances. The verification based on the environment and architectural space shows that the accuracy of the result of our method was up to 96.75%.

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Browning, N. Andrew. "A Neural Circuit for Robust Time-to-Contact Estimation Based on Primate MST." Neural Computation 24, no. 11 (November 2012): 2946–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00347.

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Time-to-contact (TTC) estimation is beneficial for visual navigation. It can be estimated from an image projection, either in a camera or on the retina, by looking at the rate of expansion of an object. When expansion rate (E) is properly defined, TTC = 1/E. Primate dorsal MST cells have receptive field structures suited to the estimation of expansion and TTC. However, the role of MST cells in TTC estimation has been discounted because of large receptive fields, the fact that neither they nor preceding brain areas appear to decompose the motion field to estimate divergence, and a lack of experimental data. This letter demonstrates mathematically that template models of dorsal MST cells can be constructed such that the output of the template match provides an accurate and robust estimate of TTC. The template match extracts the relevant components of the motion field and scales them such that the output of each component of the template match is an estimate of expansion. It then combines these component estimates to provide a mean estimate of expansion across the object. The output of model MST provides a direct measure of TTC. The ViSTARS model of primate visual navigation was updated to incorporate the modified templates. In ViSTARS and in primates, speed is represented as a population code in V1 and MT. A population code for speed complicates TTC estimation from a template match. Results presented in this letter demonstrate that the updated template model of MST accurately codes TTC across a population of model MST cells. We conclude that the updated template model of dorsal MST simultaneously and accurately codes TTC and heading regardless of receptive field size, object size, or motion representation. It is possible that a subpopulation of MST cells in primates represents expansion in this way.

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9

Lee, Chang-Mug, Oh-Young Kwon, Kwang-Ho Seok, and Yoon-Sang Kim. "Automatic Motion Generation from the Posture Template." Journal of information and communication convergence engineering 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jicce.2010.8.2.191.

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10

Shao, Yanhua, Yongcai Guo, and Chao Gao. "Human action recognition using motion energy template." Optical Engineering 54, no. 6 (June 29, 2015): 063107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.54.6.063107.

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Kawamoto, Kazuhiko, Naoya Ohnishi, Atsushi Imiya, Reinhard Klette, and Kaoru Hirota. "Motion-Based Template Matching for Obstacle Detection." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 8, no. 5 (September 20, 2004): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2004.p0469.

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A matching algorithm that evaluates the difference between model and calculated flows for obstacle detection in video sequences is presented. A stabilization method for obstacle detection by median filtering to overcome instability in the computation of optical flow is also presented. Since optical flow is a scene-independent measurement, the proposed algorithm can be applied to various situations, whereas most of existing color- and texture-based algorithms depend on specific scenes, such as roadway and indoor scenes. An experiment is conducted with three real image sequences, in which a static box or a moving toy car appears, to evaluate the performance in terms of accuracy under varying thresholds using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. For the three image sequences, the ROC curves show, in the best case, that the false positive fraction and the true positive fraction is 19.0% and 79.6%, 11.4% and 84.5%, 19.0% and 85.4%, respectively. The processing time per frame is 19.38msec. on 2.0GHz Pentium 4, which is less than the video-frame rate.

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Noseworthy, Michael D., Masoom A. Haider, Marshall S. Sussman, and Graham A. Wright. "Free-breathing Motion Compensation Using Template Matching." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 31, no. 2 (March 2007): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.rct.0000235069.50055.30.

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13

Clever, Debora, Yue Hu, and Katja Mombaur. "Humanoid gait generation in complex environments based on template models and optimality principles learned from human beings." International Journal of Robotics Research 37, no. 10 (May 2, 2018): 1184–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364918765620.

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In this paper, we present an inverse optimal control-based transfer of motions from human experiments to humanoid robots and apply it to walking in constrained environments. To this end, we introduce a 3D template model, which describes motion on the basis of center-of-mass trajectory, foot trajectories, upper-body orientation, and phase duration. Despite its abstract architecture, with prismatic joints combined with damped series elastic actuators instead of knees, the model (including dynamics and constraints) is suitable for describing both human and humanoid locomotion with appropriate parameters. We present and apply an inverse optimal control approach to identify optimality criteria based on human motion capture experiments. The identified optimal strategy is then transferred to a humanoid robot template model for gait generation by solving an optimal control problem, which takes into account the properties of the robot and differences in the environment. The results of this step are the center-of-mass trajectory, the foot trajectories, the torso orientation, and the single and double support phase durations for a sequence of steps, allowing the humanoid robot to walk within a new environment. In a previous paper, we have already presented one computational cycle (from motion capture data to an optimized robot template motion) for the example of walking over irregular stepping stones with the aim of transferring the motion to two very different humanoid robots (iCub@Heidelberg and HRP-2@LAAS). This study represents an extension, containing an entirely new part on the transfer of the optimized template motion to the iCub robot by means of inverse kinematics in a dynamic simulation environment and also on the real robot.

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Sidram, M. H., and Nagappa U. Bhajantri. "An Exploration with Novel Shape Signature of GMSC Distance Function to Track the Object." International Journal of Image and Graphics 15, no. 04 (August 12, 2015): 1550014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021946781550014x.

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The process explicitly dedicated to estimate the path of the object as it moves along the region of scene in the image plane is the principle of tracking. In other words, it is a strategy to detect and track moving object through a sequence of frames. In this work, optical flow based on Horn–Schunk with Barren, Fleet and Beuchemin (BFB) kernel has been employed to estimate the motion vectors. The peripheries of moving objects are extracted for different shape signatures such as boundary, edge, area, curvature and centroid distance functions. Fourier descriptors (FD) of particular shape signature for each of the candidate templates and model template are computed. Similarity between the model template and candidate templates is confirmed by corresponding minimum Minkowski distance (MD). Subsequently, best match candidate template will be updated by model template in view of tracking process. However, centroid distance function has remarked some potentials and hence it has further motivated to mine it to throw in the proposed novel criteria such as the geometric mean of segmented centroid (GMSC) distance function to track the object. The proposed method of GMSC distance function has shown significant change in the tracking outcome.

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Meng, Hongying, and Nick Pears. "Descriptive temporal template features for visual motion recognition." Pattern Recognition Letters 30, no. 12 (September 2009): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2009.03.003.

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Luo, Ting, Raymond L. Warner, Kaitlyn A. Sapoznik, Brittany R. Walker, and Stephen A. Burns. "Template free eye motion correction for scanning systems." Optics Letters 46, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.415285.

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Ernst, Floris, and Philipp Saß. "Respiratory motion tracking using Microsoft’s Kinect v2 camera." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0048.

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AbstractIn image-guided radiotherapy, monitoring and compensating for respiratory motion is of high importance. We have analysed the possibility to use Microsoft’s Kinect v2 sensor as a low-cost tracking camera. In our experiment, eleven circular markers were printed onto a Lycra shirt and were tracked in the camera’s color image using cross correlation-based template matching. The 3D position of the marker was determined using this information and the mean distance of all template pixels from the sensor. In an experiment with four volunteers (male and female) we could demonstrate that real time position tracking is possible in 3D. By averaging over the depth values inside the template, it was possible to increase the Kinect’s depth resolution from 1 mm to 0.1 mm. The noise level was reduced to a standard deviation of 0.4 mm. Temperature sensitivity of the measured depth values was observed for about 10-15 minutes after system start.

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Qu, Zhong, Wei Wei, Zhen Wei Zhang, and Dong Wang. "Research on the Algorithm of Key Object Extraction in Motion Video Images." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.541.

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In this paper, we extract for key objects of motion video images (mainly people), then do researches with the technology of object detection and tracking. First, we extract moving object edge and foreground object template with the use of the method of edge detection, and then compare the resulting object template with the original image, thus dye the positions with the colour of the corresponding point coordinates in the original image which belongs to the extent of template filled region. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has some advantages and robustness and could meet project needs.

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Ahuja, Karan, Eyal Ofek, Mar Gonzalez-Franco, Christian Holz, and Andrew D. Wilson. "CoolMoves." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3463499.

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Current Virtual Reality (VR) systems are bereft of stylization and embellishment of the user's motion - concepts that have been well explored in animations for games and movies. We present CooIMoves, a system for expressive and accentuated full-body motion synthesis of a user's virtual avatar in real-time, from the limited input cues afforded by current consumer-grade VR systems, specifically headset and hand positions. We make use of existing motion capture databases as a template motion repository to draw from. We match similar spatio-temporal motions present in the database and then interpolate between them using a weighted distance metric. Joint prediction probability is then used to temporally smooth the synthesized motion, using human motion dynamics as a prior. This allows our system to work well even with very sparse motion databases (e.g., with only 3-5 motions per action). We validate our system with four experiments: a technical evaluation of our quantitative pose reconstruction and three additional user studies to evaluate the motion quality, embodiment and agency.

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Xiang, Jian. "A Novel Retrieval Method Based on Semantic Motion." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.103.

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With the widespread application of motion capture technology, three-dimensional(3D) motion data can be directly obtained. In this paper, a new 3D retrieval algorithm based on semantic motion is proposed. With semantic motion template and extracting key-frame, 3D human motion database can be processed effectively by retrieval. Experiment results show that our method can improve the accuracy of motion retrieval.

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Ahad. "Lower-Dimensional Feature Sets for Template-Based Motion Recognition Approaches." Journal of Computer Science 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2010.920.927.

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Lim, Pooi Khoon, Siew-Cheok Ng, Nigel H. Lovell, Yong Poh Yu, Maw Pin Tan, Devin McCombie, Einly Lim, and Stephen J. Redmond. "Adaptive template matching of photoplethysmogram pulses to detect motion artefact." Physiological Measurement 39, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 105005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6579/aadf1e.

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23

Zhao, Shu Tao, Yu Tao Xu, Zhi Wan Cheng, Jian Feng Ren, and Dan Jiang. "Circuit Breaker Mechanical Characteristic Parameters Measurement Based on Machine Vision." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 934–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.934.

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Aim at the disadvantages of traditional circuit breaker mechanical characteristic parameters test. Get the motion pictures of insulation connecting rod through high-speed camera, using the finite difference method to quickly screen out the motion pictures, and selecting punctuation area as a template for learning, using non-uniform sampling have a template matching, obtain the center coordinates of matching results, time interval is known every frame. Through coordinate changes over time we can obtain mechanical parameters of the circuit breaker accurately, fast, conveniently. Lab VIEW programs achieve the above process automatically.

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Guo, Wenhua, Jiabao Gao, Yanbin Tian, Fan Yu, and Zuren Feng. "SAFS: Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Self-Adaptive Feature Selection." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 4030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124030.

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Object tracking is one of the most challenging problems in the field of computer vision. In challenging object tracking scenarios such as illumination variation, occlusion, motion blur and fast motion, existing algorithms can present decreased performances. To make better use of the various features of the image, we propose an object tracking method based on the self-adaptive feature selection (SAFS) algorithm, which can select the most distinguishable feature sub-template to guide the tracking task. The similarity of each feature sub-template can be calculated by the histogram of the features. Then, the distinguishability of the feature sub-template can be measured by their similarity matrix based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP). The selection task of the feature sub-template is transformed into the classification task between feature vectors by the above process and adopt modified Jeffreys’ entropy as the discriminant metric for classification, which can complete the update of the sub-template. Experiments with the eight video sequences in the Visual Tracker Benchmark dataset evaluate the comprehensive performance of SAFS and compare them with five baselines. Experimental results demonstrate that SAFS can overcome the difficulties caused by scene changes and achieve robust object tracking.

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Endo, Yui, Mitsunori Tada, and Masaaki Mochimaru. "Hand Modeling and Motion Reconstruction for Individuals." International Journal of Automation Technology 8, no. 3 (May 5, 2014): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0376.

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In this paper, we propose a new method of reconstructing hand models for individuals including link structure models, homologous skin surface models and homologous tetrahedral mesh models in a reference posture. The skin surface model is defined as a threedimensional triangularmesh, obtained by deforming a template mesh so as to fit the landmark vertices to the corresponding marker positions obtained by a motion capture system. In this process, anatomical dimensions for the subject, manually measured by a caliper, are also used as the deformation constraints. As for the link structure model, the local coordinate system related to each link consists of the joint rotation center and the axes of joint rotation, which can be estimated based on the deformation of the skin surface of the template model relative to the one of the individual. By using obtained individual hand model, hand postures in a motion sequence are also reconstructed based on the landmark points and the corresponding marker positions obtained from the motion capture system. Virtual spring-damper models located between the landmarks and the markers are used in physically-based simulation for the posture reconstruction.

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Ramachandran, Vilayanur S. "Apparent Motion of Subjective Surfaces." Perception 14, no. 2 (April 1985): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p140127.

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Apparent motion of an illusory surface was produced by presenting two spatially separated illusory squares in an appropriately timed sequence. Control experiments showed that the effect arose from the illusory contours themselves and not from motion of the cut sectors on the discs. When a template of this movie was superimposed on ‘wallpaper’ composed of a regular matrix of spots, the spots appeared to move with the illusory surface even though they were physically stationary. This effect (‘motion capture’) suggests that the motion of certain salient features in the visual field gets spontaneously attributed to even static elements in the vicinity.

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Jo, Hang-Chan, Hyeonwoo Jeong, Junhyuk Lee, Kyung-Sun Na, and Dae-Yu Kim. "Quantification of Blood Flow Velocity in the Human Conjunctival Microvessels Using Deep Learning-Based Stabilization Algorithm." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 3224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093224.

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The quantification of blood flow velocity in the human conjunctiva is clinically essential for assessing microvascular hemodynamics. Since the conjunctival microvessel is imaged in several seconds, eye motion during image acquisition causes motion artifacts limiting the accuracy of image segmentation performance and measurement of the blood flow velocity. In this paper, we introduce a novel customized optical imaging system for human conjunctiva with deep learning-based segmentation and motion correction. The image segmentation process is performed by the Attention-UNet structure to achieve high-performance segmentation results in conjunctiva images with motion blur. Motion correction processes with two steps—registration and template matching—are used to correct for large displacements and fine movements. The image displacement values decrease to 4–7 μm during registration (first step) and less than 1 μm during template matching (second step). With the corrected images, the blood flow velocity is calculated for selected vessels considering temporal signal variances and vessel lengths. These methods for resolving motion artifacts contribute insights into studies quantifying the hemodynamics of the conjunctiva, as well as other tissues.

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Lee, Meemong, and Wei-Liang Yang. "Image-Analysis Techniques for Determination of Morphology and Kinematics in Arctic Sea Ice." Annals of Glaciology 9 (1987): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500000458.

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The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have been used to study sea ice with respect to its motion and formation/deformation. With the prospect of the Alaska SAR Facility development in the near future, there is a great need for robust and efficient sea-ice analysis techniques. This paper presents a sea-ice motion analysis technique that can be used for (1) local motion analysis of a selected ice patch and (2) a global ice motion over the entire image area. Though there are several sea-ice motion tracking techniques, they do not provide the required operational speed or robustness. In order to meet the operational speed requirement (over fifty images per day), we have developed a sea-ice motion analysis technique which requires very little human interaction and much simplified computation. The proposed technique uses a subset of easily distinguishable features to predict global motion characteristics and apply template matching over a predicted search area. We applied the developed technique to two pairs of SEASAT SAR images, one pair with a minor motion of “ice pack” and another with a larger and discontinuous motion of “fast ice”. The two major achievements of the new approach are: first, development of a set of computer-aided tools for feature selection and registration and, secondly, implementation of an optimal search strategy for automatic template matching via a motion prediction model.

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Lee, Meemong, and Wei-Liang Yang. "Image-Analysis Techniques for Determination of Morphology and Kinematics in Arctic Sea Ice." Annals of Glaciology 9 (1987): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500000458.

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The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have been used to study sea ice with respect to its motion and formation/deformation. With the prospect of the Alaska SAR Facility development in the near future, there is a great need for robust and efficient sea-ice analysis techniques. This paper presents a sea-ice motion analysis technique that can be used for (1) local motion analysis of a selected ice patch and (2) a global ice motion over the entire image area. Though there are several sea-ice motion tracking techniques, they do not provide the required operational speed or robustness. In order to meet the operational speed requirement (over fifty images per day), we have developed a sea-ice motion analysis technique which requires very little human interaction and much simplified computation. The proposed technique uses a subset of easily distinguishable features to predict global motion characteristics and apply template matching over a predicted search area. We applied the developed technique to two pairs of SEASAT SAR images, one pair with a minor motion of “ice pack” and another with a larger and discontinuous motion of “fast ice”. The two major achievements of the new approach are: first, development of a set of computer-aided tools for feature selection and registration and, secondly, implementation of an optimal search strategy for automatic template matching via a motion prediction model.

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Lange, Joachim, Karsten Georg, and Markus Lappe. "Visual perception of biological motion by form: A template-matching analysis." Journal of Vision 6, no. 8 (July 28, 2006): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/6.8.6.

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Liu, Shiqi, Dmitry V. Kondratuk, Sophie A. L. Rousseaux, Guzmán Gil-Ramírez, Melanie C. O'Sullivan, Jonathan Cremers, Tim D. W. Claridge, and Harry L. Anderson. "Caterpillar Track Complexes in Template-Directed Synthesis and Correlated Molecular Motion." Angewandte Chemie 127, no. 18 (February 12, 2015): 5445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201412293.

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Liu, Shiqi, Dmitry V. Kondratuk, Sophie A. L. Rousseaux, Guzmán Gil‐Ramírez, Melanie C. O'Sullivan, Jonathan Cremers, Tim D. W. Claridge, and Harry L. Anderson. "Caterpillar Track Complexes in Template‐Directed Synthesis and Correlated Molecular Motion." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, no. 18 (February 12, 2015): 5355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201412293.

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Sun, Jun, Fa-zhi He, Yi-lin Chen, and Xiao Chen. "A multiple template approach for robust tracking of fast motion target." Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities 31, no. 2 (June 2016): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11766-016-3378-z.

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Karydis, Konstantinos, Yan Liu, Ioannis Poulakakis, and Herbert G. Tanner. "A template candidate for miniature legged robots in quasi-static motion." Autonomous Robots 38, no. 2 (July 24, 2014): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10514-014-9401-4.

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Zhong, Jing, Sébastien Lépine, Jing Li, Li Chen, and Jinliang Hou. "A catalog of M-type star candidates in the LAMOST data release 1." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S317 (August 2015): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315006584.

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AbstractIn this work, we present a set of M-type star candidates selected from the LAMOST DR1. A discrimination method with the spectral index diagram is used to separate M giants and M dwarfs. Then, we have successfully assembled a set of M giants templates from M0 to M6, using the spectra identified from the LAMOST spectral database. After combining the M dwarf templates in Zhong et al. (2015a) and the new created M giant templates, we use the M-type spectral library to perform the template-fit method to classify and identify M-type stars in the LAMOST DR1. A catalog of M-type star candidates including 8639 M giants and 101690 M dwarfs/subdwarfs is provided. As an additional results, we also present other fundamental parameters like proper motion, photometry, radial velocity and spectroscopic distance.

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Zhang, Xi Nan, and Yan Jun Gong. "The Improvement of UMHexagonS Algorithm in AVS Video Coding." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.819.

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To reduce the complexity of AVS pixel motion vector search, this paper proposes a improved AVS pixel motion estimation UMHexagonS algorithm. The algorithm adds the improve of advanced new array and adaptive adjustment search template. To the video sequence of different motion feature, compare with UMHexagonS algorithm, in the case of mean PSNR descend less than 0.01dB and bitrate only mean increase 0.54％, the time of pixel motion estimation is reduced by 8.72％～20.25％ and the calculated amount of pixel motion estimation is also reduced.

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McCALLUM, J. W. L., and R. GILMORE. "A GEOMETRIC MODEL FOR THE DUFFING OSCILLATOR." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 03, no. 03 (June 1993): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127493000593.

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A geometric model for the Duffing oscillator is constructed by analyzing the unstable periodic orbits underlying the chaotic attractors present at particular parameter values. A template is constructed from observations of the motion of the chaotic attractor in a Poincaré section as the section is swept for one full period. The periodic orbits underlying the chaotic attractor are found and their linking numbers are computed. These are compared with the linking numbers from the template and the symbolic dynamics of the orbits are identified. This comparison is used to validate the template identification and label the orbits by their symbolic dynamics.

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Gurney, Kevin, and Michael J. Wright. "Rotation and Radial Motion Thresholds Support a Two-Stage Model of Differential-Motion Analysis." Perception 25, no. 1 (January 1996): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250005.

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Lower motion thresholds for rotational and radial flow have been measured for stimuli consisting of four closely packed circular apertures, each containing patches of drifting grating or plaid. Detection and direction thresholds were measured for gratings and plaids as a function of the relative orientation of the pattern components. There was a similarity between both types of threshold, supporting the existence of specialised rotation and radial-flow detectors. Further, thresholds increased with the relative component orientation for both gratings and plaids. This suggests that component information from a first stage, tuned spatiotemporally and to orientation, is being used directly to compute the optic flow in a two-stage process. A model based on this architecture is described by means of simple template receptive-field arrays with separable temporal and spatial tuning at the first stage.

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Pang, Dachling, and Veetai Li. "Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation: Part 2—New Diagnostic Paradigm and a New Classification Based on Motion Analysis Using Computed Tomographic Imaging." Neurosurgery 57, no. 5 (November 1, 2005): 941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000181309.13211.3a.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: This is Part II of a study on atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) that aims to introduce a new diagnostic paradigm and a new classification of this condition based on motion analysis of C1C2 rotation using computed tomographic (CT) imaging. This phase of the study is possible because Part I succeeded in defining physiological C1C2 axial rotation with CT data from 21 normal children, displayed in a highly concordant composite motion curve, which is used as the normal template for the present study. AARF is defined as flagrant departure from normal motion dynamics as delineated by abnormal motion curves. The new classification is predicated on the graded amount of pathological stickiness in the restricted rotation. METHODS: Forty children age 1.5 to 14 years with painful “cock-robin” necks resulting from minor trauma or otolaryngological procedures were subjected to 3 CT examinations: 1) in the presenting (P) position; 2) with the nose pointing up (P0 position); and 3) with the head forcefully turned to the opposite side as much as the patient could tolerate (P_ position). The angles made by C1 and C2 and the separation angle C1C2° (C1 minus C2 degrees) were obtained as described in Part I. The test motion curve was generated by plotting C1 against C1C2 angles, and all motion curves were analyzed in the context of the normal template. RESULTS: Five distinct groups with highly characteristic motion curves could be identified. Group 1 (n = 5) patients showed essentially unaltered (“locked”) C1C2 coupled configurations regardless of corrective counterrotation, with curves that are horizontal lines in the upper two quadrants of the template. Group 2 (n = 7) patients had reduction of the C1C2 separation angle with forced correction, but C1 could not be made to cross C2. Their curves slope downward from right to left in the upper quadrants but never traverse the x axis. Group 3 (n = 9) patients showed C1C2 crossover, but only when the head was cranked far to the opposite side. Their motion curves traverse the x axis left of C1 = −20 degrees. Groups 1, 2, and 3 motion dynamics are respectively classified as Types I, II, and III AARF in descending degree of pathological stickiness, which is in essence a resistance against closure of the C1C2 angle to counterrotation. Group 4 (n = 14) patients had normal dynamics, and Group 5 (n = 5) patients showed motion curve features between normal and Type III AARF, designated as belonging to the diagnostic gray zone, an uncertain group that may or may not revert to normal dynamics with only comfort measures. CONCLUSION: AARF can be reliably diagnosed with a simple and practical CT protocol and construction of a three-point motion curve superimposed on a reusable normal template. The type of AARF, reflective of the severity of pathological stickiness of rotation, can be identified readily by the shape of the motion curve. This system of classification is useful in selecting the best regimen of management.

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Wu, Ye Lan, Fei Yang, Zhi Jing Zhang, Yang Liu, and Tao Xie. "The Design of a Micro-Parts Tracking System Micro-Vision-Based." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.331.

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Because the assembly process of target identification and tracking technology are rarely involved, introducing target tracking technology into microscopic visual field is of great significance. The paper constructs the microminiature parts motion tracking platform based on microscopic visual. In order to overcome the limitations of small microscopic visual image view, it proposes a tracking algorithm combining a template matching with SIFT feature-based and Kalman prediction, which realizes the local template matching by using Kalman prediction and template update by using SIFT features. Experiment results show that the system can realize the dynamic tracking of small parts and meet the real-time performance and stability.

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Yang, Xiaopeng, Zhichan Lim, Hayoung Jung, Wonsup Lee, and Heecheon You. "Estimation of Instantaneous Hand Joint Centers of Rotation Using 3D Reconstructed Hand Skeleton Motion from CT Scans." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621154.

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The present study estimated instantaneous hand joint centers of rotation (CoR) using 3D reconstructed hand skeleton motions captured from CT scan. We proposed a novel method for estimation of instantaneous joint CoR using the same bone surfaces for different hand postures. Each bone in a template hand posture was registered to the corresponding bone of different hand postures. The registered hand postures (having the same bone surfaces as the template hand posture but different postures) with the template hand posture were then used for estimation of instantaneous joint CoR. The proposed method performed better than the existing methods in estimation of instantaneous joint CoR. Consistency of instantaneous joint CoRs determined in the same rotation angle range was improved by 31.7% to 51.0% in the proposed method. The present study focused on distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the index finger of a participant. Joints of the whole hands of more participants will be studied for further generalization of the findings.

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Verma, Kamlesh, Avnish Kumar, and Debashis Ghosh. "Robust Stabilised Visual Tracker for Vehicle Tracking." Defence Science Journal 68, no. 3 (April 16, 2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.12209.

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<p>Visual tracking is performed in a stabilised video. If the input video to the tracker algorithm is itself destabilised, incorrect motion vectors will cause a serious drift in tracking. Therefore video stabilisation is must before tracking. A novel algorithm is developed which simultaneously takes care of video stabilisation and target tracking. Target templates in just previous frame are stored in positive and negative repositories followed by Affine mapping. Then optimised affine parameters are used to stabilise the video. Target of interest in the next frame is approximated using linear combinations of previous target templates. Proposed modified L1 minimisation method is used to solve sparse representation of target in the target template subspace. Occlusion problem is minimised using the inherent energy of coefficients. Accurate tracking results have been obtained in destabilised videos.</p>

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TAKITA, Kiyoshi, Takeshi NAGAYASU, Hidetsugu ASANO, Kenji TERABAYASHI, and Kazunori UMEDA. "2P1-Q12 Mouth Motion Recognition Using Template Matching(Intelligent and Robotic Room)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2011 (2011): _2P1—Q12_1—_2P1—Q12_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2011._2p1-q12_1.

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Lopez, Sebastian, Gustavo Callico, Felix Tobajas, Jose Lopez, and Roberto Sarmiento. "A flexible template for H.264/AVC block matching motion estimation architectures." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 54, no. 2 (May 2008): 845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2008.4560169.

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Peters, H., R. Sethuraman, A. Beric, P. Meuwissen, S. Balakrishnan, C. A. A. Pinto, W. Kruijtzer, et al. "Application specific instruction-set processor template for motion estimation in video applications." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 15, no. 4 (April 2005): 508–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2005.844462.

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Nan, Yao, and Shen Haiping. "Background Motion Video Tracking of the Memory Watershed Disc Gradient Expansion Template." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2016.11.4.19.

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Yang, Chan-Yun, Pei-Yu Chen, Te-Jen Wen, and Gene Eu Jan. "IMU Consensus Exception Detection with Dynamic Time Warping—A Comparative Approach." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 2237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102237.

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A dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm has been suggested for the purpose of devising a motion-sensitive microelectronic system for the realization of remote motion abnormality detection. In combination with an inertial measurement unit (IMU), the algorithm is potentially applicable for remotely monitoring patients who are at risk of certain exceptional motions. The fixed interval signal sampling mechanism has normally been adopted when devising motion detection systems; however, dynamically capturing the particular motion patterns from the IMU motion sensor can be difficult. To this end, the DTW algorithm, as a kind of nonlinear pattern-matching approach, is able to optimally align motion signal sequences tending towards time-varying or speed-varying expressions, which is especially suitable to capturing exceptional motions. Thus, this paper evaluated this kind of abnormality detection using the proposed DTW algorithm on the basis of its theoretical fundamentals to significantly enhance the viability of the methodology. To validate the methodological viability, an artificial neural network (ANN) framework was intentionally introduced for performance comparison. By incorporating two types of designated preprocessors, i.e., a DFT interpolation preprocessor and a convolutional preprocessor, to equalize the unequal lengths of the matching sequences, two kinds of ANN frameworks were enumerated to compare the potential applicability. The comparison eventually confirmed that the direct template-matching DTW is excellent in practical application for the detection of time-varying or speed-varying abnormality, and reliably captures the consensus exceptions.

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Martín Arista, Francisco Javier, and Laura Caballero González. "Arguments or macroroles? : Two functional approaches to Old English quirky case." Journal of English Studies 3 (May 29, 2002): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.80.

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After comparing two functional approaches to the question of Old English deviant accusatives, genitives and datives, this paper follows Martín Arista (2001a, b) with respect to Old English prototypical verbal constructions: the prototypical transitive construction is defined as the active accomplishment version of verbs like writan 'write', the activity implementation of creation and consumption verbs representing the less-prototypical transitive construction; the active accomplishment use of verbs such as faran 'go' characterize the prototypical intransitive construction, whereas the activity version of motion verbs define the less-prototypical intransitive construction. The conclusion is reached that quirky case is not a feature of the morphosyntax of certain intransitive verbs of state and causative state, but a characteristic of verbal constructions that, deviating from both the transitive and the intransitive prototypes, show not only case-marking irregularity but also more case-marking choices than verbs that abide by the transitive or intransitive prototype. Since marked morphosyntax -including quirky case- is considered in this paper a consequence of the non-prototypical character of argument structure, it is claimed that the relationship between canonical lexical templates and their configurations should be semantically and syntactically motivated. The Principle of Lexical Template Instantiation guarantees the suitable degree of implementation of a lexical template by stipulating that, prototypically, all the internal variables of the instantiations of lexical templates are fully specified

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Yuan, Feng. "Numerical Simulation of Whole Impeller for 5-Axis Machining Based on UG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.124.

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The manufacturing template of whole impeller 5-axis machining based on UG was re-developed with NURBS interpolation principle and UG/knowledge fusion technology, and 5-axis NC machine and part model were established, each parts of machine were simulated in 3D motion with reading NC code. Human-computer interaction was processed fast with the template and guiding of digitized manufacturing, the cutting tracks of half-finishing machining and finishing machining for whole impeller were produced fast. The template involves 3-D modeling, craft flow programming of NC machining, program of NC machining and etc. and is tested on 5-axis NC machine, it is indicated that the scheme and program of NC machining for whole impeller is feasible.

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Liu, Xiang Yan, and Shi Lin Wu. "Motion Control in Laser Automatic Cutting System of Brand Pattern." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 1482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1482.

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This article introduced the design of motion controlling module in the brand laser incising automatically system, and discussed how to conform the angle that is used in coordinates transform and the current location of laser head using a LED.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.

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