Relevant bibliographies by topics / Motion template

Academic literature on the topic 'Motion template'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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Journal articles on the topic "Motion template"

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JU, ZHAOJIE, XIANGYANG ZHU, and HONGHAI LIU. "EMPIRICAL COPULA-BASED TEMPLATES TO RECOGNIZE SURFACE EMG SIGNALS OF HAND MOTIONS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 08, no. 04 (December 2011): 725–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843611002630.

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Current tendency of electromyography (EMG)-based prosthetic hand is to enable the user to perform complex grasps or manipulations with natural muscle movements. In this paper, empirical copula-based templates; including the unified motion template and the state-based motion template, are introduced to identify the naturally contracted surface EMG (sEMG) patterns for hand motion recognition. The unified motion template utilizes a dependence structure as a motion template, which includes one-to-one correlations of the SEMG feature channels with all the sampling points, while the state-based motion template divides the sampling points into different states and takes the union of the dependence structures of the different states. Comparison results have demonstrated that the proposed Empirical Copula-based methods can successfully classify different hand motions from different subjects with better recognition rates than Gaussian mixture models (GMMs). In addition, the state-based motion template has a better performance than the unified motion template especially for the complex hand motions.
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Li, Zhiyong, Pengfei Li, Xiaoping Yu, and Mervat Hashem. "Real-Time Tracking by Double Templates Matching Based on Timed Motion History Image with HSV Feature." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/793769.

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It is a challenge to represent the target appearance model for moving object tracking under complex environment. This study presents a novel method with appearance model described by double templates based on timed motion history image with HSV color histogram feature (tMHI-HSV). The main components include offline template and online template initialization, tMHI-HSV-based candidate patches feature histograms calculation, double templates matching (DTM) for object location, and templates updating. Firstly, we initialize the target object region and calculate its HSV color histogram feature as offline template and online template. Secondly, the tMHI-HSV is used to segment the motion region and calculate these candidate object patches’ color histograms to represent their appearance models. Finally, we utilize the DTM method to trace the target and update the offline template and online template real-timely. The experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently handle the scale variation and pose change of the rigid and nonrigid objects, even in illumination change and occlusion visual environment.
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SHARMA, ARUN, DINESH K. KUMAR, SANJAY KUMAR, and NEIL McLACHLAN. "WAVELET DIRECTIONAL HISTOGRAMS OF THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL TEMPLATES OF HUMAN GESTURES." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 02, no. 03 (September 2004): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691304000512.

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This paper evaluates the efficacy of directional information of wavelet multi-resolution decomposition to enhance histogram-based classification of human gestures. The gestures are represented by spatio-temporal templates. This template collapses spatial and temporal components of motion into a static gray scale image such that no explicit sequence matching or temporal analysis is required, and it reduces the dimensionality to represent motion. These templates are modified to be invariant to translation and scale. Two-dimensional, 3-level dyadic wavelet transforms have been applied on the template resulting in one lowpass sub-image and nine highpass directional sub-images. Histograms of wavelet coefficients at different scales are used for classification purposes. The experiments demonstrate that while the statistical properties of the template provide high level of classification accuracy, the global detail activity available in highpass decompositions significantly improve the classification accuracy.
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Huang, Zhi-Long, and Hsu-Feng Hsiao. "Inter-frame Prediction with Fast Weighted Low-rank Matrix Approximation." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eletel-2013-0001.

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Abstract In the field of video coding, inter-frame prediction plays an important role in improving compression efficiency. The improved efficiency is achieved by finding predictors for video blocks such that the residual data can be close to zero as much as possible. For recent video coding standards, motion vectors are required for a decoder to locate the predictors during video reconstruction. Block matching algorithms are usually utilized in the stage of motion estimation to find such motion vectors. For decoder-side motion derivation, proper templates are defined and template matching algorithms are used to produce a predictor for each block such that the overhead of embedding coded motion vectors in bit-stream can be avoided. However, the conventional criteria of either block matching or template matching algorithms may lead to the generation of worse predictors. To enhance coding efficiency, a fast weighted low-rank matrix approximation approach to deriving decoder-side motion vectors for inter frame video coding is proposed in this paper. The proposed method first finds the dominating block candidates and their corresponding importance factors. Then, finding a predictor for each block is treated as a weighted low-rank matrix approximation problem, which is solved by the proposed column-repetition approach. Together with mode decision, the coder can switch to a better mode between the motion compensation by using either block matching or the proposed template matching scheme.
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Zhou, Wei, Heting Xiao, Zhonggang Wang, Lin Chen, and Shaoqing Fu. "Dynamic target template matching for railway catenary suspension motion detection in wind area." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 9 (September 2018): 155014771879795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718797956.

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A dynamic target template matching method was proposed to identify railway catenary suspension movements of wind-induced vibration in wind area. Catenary positioning point was taken as the target template, which was compared with equal-sized image sequentially using the proposed matching difference. And, three-dimensional contour map of matching difference value at each sub-area was obtained, where the target pixel coordinates were determined by the minimum matching difference value. Considering the complex imaging condition, the target template was updated by the detected target image to sense the gradual change of illumination conditions like brightness and contrast. Furthermore, to eliminate detecting errors due to wind-induced camera vibration, both static and moving target templates were identified for acquiring the absolute motion of the moving target. Finally, validation test was performed with animation in PowerPoint. The calculated target displacement agrees well with theoretical motion with maximum relative error of 1.8%. And experiment application was conducted at site by analyzing the relationship between detecting displacement and wind speed. Results indicate that the proposed dynamic target template matching method can meet required engineering precision and provide an effective way for wind-vibration safety research of railway catenary system in wind area.
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Liu, Jian, Kuangrong Hao, Yongsheng Ding, Shiyu Yang, and Lei Gao. "Multi-State Self-Learning Template Library Updating Approach for Multi-Camera Human Tracking in Complex Scenes." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 31, no. 12 (September 17, 2017): 1755016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001417550163.

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In multi-camera video tracking, the tracking scene and tracking-target appearance can become complex, and current tracking methods use entirely different databases and evaluation criteria. Herein, for the first time to our knowledge, we present a universally applicable template library updating approach for multi-camera human tracking called multi-state self-learning template library updating (RS-TLU), which can be applied in different multi-camera tracking algorithms. In RS-TLU, self-learning divides tracking results into three states, namely steady state, gradually changing state, and suddenly changing state, by using the similarity of objects with historical templates and instantaneous templates because every state requires a different decision strategy. Subsequently, the tracking results for each state are judged and learned with motion and occlusion information. Finally, the correct template is chosen in the robust template library. We investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method using three databases and 42 test videos, and calculate the number of false positives, false matches, and missing tracking targets. Experimental results demonstrate that, in comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms for 15 complex scenes, our RS-TLU approach effectively improves the number of correct target templates and reduces the number of similar templates and error templates in the template library.
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Xiao, Shengjun, Linwang Yuan, Wen Luo, Dongshuang Li, Chunye Zhou, and Zhaoyuan Yu. "Recovering Human Motion Patterns from Passive Infrared Sensors: A Geometric-Algebra Based Generation-Template-Matching Approach." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120554.

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The low-cost, indoor-feasibility, and non-intrusive characteristic of passive infrared sensors (PIR sensors) makes it widely used in human motion detection, but the limitation of its object identification ability makes it difficult to further analyze in the field of Geographic Information System (GIS). We present a template matching approach based on geometric algebra (GA) that can recover the semantics of different human motion patterns through the binary activation data of PIR sensor networks. A 5-neighborhood model was first designed to represent the azimuth of the sensor network and establish the motion template generation method based on GA coding. Full sets of 36 human motion templates were generated and then classified into eight categories. According to human behavior characteristics, we combined the sub-sequences of activation data to generate all possible semantic sequences by using a matrix-free searching strategy with a spatiotemporal constraint window. The sub-sequences were used to perform the matching operation with the generation-templates. Experiments were conducted using Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL) motion datasets. The results suggest that the sequences of human motion patterns could be efficiently extracted in different observation periods. The extracted sequences of human motion patterns agreed well with the event logs under various circumstances. The verification based on the environment and architectural space shows that the accuracy of the result of our method was up to 96.75%.
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Browning, N. Andrew. "A Neural Circuit for Robust Time-to-Contact Estimation Based on Primate MST." Neural Computation 24, no. 11 (November 2012): 2946–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00347.

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Time-to-contact (TTC) estimation is beneficial for visual navigation. It can be estimated from an image projection, either in a camera or on the retina, by looking at the rate of expansion of an object. When expansion rate (E) is properly defined, TTC = 1/E. Primate dorsal MST cells have receptive field structures suited to the estimation of expansion and TTC. However, the role of MST cells in TTC estimation has been discounted because of large receptive fields, the fact that neither they nor preceding brain areas appear to decompose the motion field to estimate divergence, and a lack of experimental data. This letter demonstrates mathematically that template models of dorsal MST cells can be constructed such that the output of the template match provides an accurate and robust estimate of TTC. The template match extracts the relevant components of the motion field and scales them such that the output of each component of the template match is an estimate of expansion. It then combines these component estimates to provide a mean estimate of expansion across the object. The output of model MST provides a direct measure of TTC. The ViSTARS model of primate visual navigation was updated to incorporate the modified templates. In ViSTARS and in primates, speed is represented as a population code in V1 and MT. A population code for speed complicates TTC estimation from a template match. Results presented in this letter demonstrate that the updated template model of MST accurately codes TTC across a population of model MST cells. We conclude that the updated template model of dorsal MST simultaneously and accurately codes TTC and heading regardless of receptive field size, object size, or motion representation. It is possible that a subpopulation of MST cells in primates represents expansion in this way.
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Lee, Chang-Mug, Oh-Young Kwon, Kwang-Ho Seok, and Yoon-Sang Kim. "Automatic Motion Generation from the Posture Template." Journal of information and communication convergence engineering 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2010): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jicce.2010.8.2.191.

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Shao, Yanhua, Yongcai Guo, and Chao Gao. "Human action recognition using motion energy template." Optical Engineering 54, no. 6 (June 29, 2015): 063107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.54.6.063107.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motion template"

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Braude, David Adam. "Head motion synthesis : evaluation and a template motion approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20418.

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The use of conversational agents has increased across the world. From providing automated support for companies to being virtual psychologists they have moved from an academic curiosity to an application with real world relevance. While many researchers have focused on the content of the dialogue and synthetic speech to give the agents a voice, more recently animating these characters has become a topic of interest. An additional use for character animation technology is in the film and video game industry where having characters animated without needing to pay for expensive labour would save tremendous costs. When animating characters there are many aspects to consider, for example the way they walk. However, to truly assist with communication automated animation needs to duplicate the body language used when speaking. In particular conversational agents are often only an animation of the upper parts of the body, so head motion is one of the keys to a believable agent. While certain linguistic features are obvious, such as nodding to indicate agreement, research has shown that head motion also aids understanding of speech. Additionally head motion often contains emotional cues, prosodic information, and other paralinguistic information. In this thesis we will present our research into synthesising head motion using only recorded speech as input. During this research we collected a large dataset of head motion synchronised with speech, examined evaluation methodology, and developed a synthesis system. Our dataset is one of the larger ones available. From it we present some statistics about head motion in general. Including differences between read speech and story telling speech, and differences between speakers. From this we are able to draw some conclusions as to what type of source data will be the most interesting in head motion research, and if speaker-dependent models are needed for synthesis. In our examination of head motion evaluation methodology we introduce Forced Canonical Correlation Analysis (FCCA). FCCA shows the difference between head motion shaped noise and motion capture better than standard methods for objective evaluation used in the literature. We have shown that for subjective testing it is best practice to use a variation of MUltiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor (MUSHRA) based testing, adapted for head motion. Through experimentation we have developed guidelines for the implementation of the test, and the constraints on the length. Finally we present a new system for head motion synthesis. We make use of simple templates of motion, automatically extracted from source data, that are warped to suit the speech features. Our system uses clustering to pick the small motion units, and a combined HMM and GMM based approach for determining the values of warping parameters at synthesis time. This results in highly natural looking motion that outperforms other state of the art systems. Our system requires minimal human intervention and produces believable motion. The key innovates were the new methods for segmenting head motion and creating a process similar to language modelling for synthesising head motion.
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Thayananthan, Arasanathan. "Template-based pose estimation and tracking of 3D hand motion." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613782.

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Yau, Wai Chee, and waichee@ieee org. "Video Analysis of Mouth Movement Using Motion Templates for Computer-based Lip-Reading." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081209.162504.

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This thesis presents a novel lip-reading approach to classifying utterances from video data, without evaluating voice signals. This work addresses two important issues which are • the efficient representation of mouth movement for visual speech recognition • the temporal segmentation of utterances from video. The first part of the thesis describes a robust movement-based technique used to identify mouth movement patterns while uttering phonemes. This method temporally integrates the video data of each phoneme into a 2-D grayscale image named as a motion template (MT). This is a view-based approach that implicitly encodes the temporal component of an image sequence into a scalar-valued MT. The data size was reduced by extracting image descriptors such as Zernike moments (ZM) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients from MT. Support vector machine (SVM) and hidden Markov model (HMM) were used to classify the feature descriptors. A video speech corpus of 2800 utterances was collected for evaluating the efficacy of MT for lip-reading. The experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of MT in mouth movement representation. The advantages and limitations of MT for visual speech recognition were identified and validated through experiments. A comparison between ZM and DCT features indicates that th e accuracy of classification for both methods is very comparable when there is no relative motion between the camera and the mouth. Nevertheless, ZM is resilient to rotation of the camera and continues to give good results despite rotation but DCT is sensitive to rotation. DCT features are demonstrated to have better tolerance to image noise than ZM. The results also demonstrate a slight improvement of 5% using SVM as compared to HMM. The second part of this thesis describes a video-based, temporal segmentation framework to detect key frames corresponding to the start and stop of utterances from an image sequence, without using the acoustic signals. This segmentation technique integrates mouth movement and appearance information. The efficacy of this technique was tested through experimental evaluation and satisfactory performance was achieved. This segmentation method has been demonstrated to perform efficiently for utterances separated with short pauses. Potential applications for lip-reading technologies include human computer interface (HCI) for mobility-impaired users, defense applications that require voice-less communication, lip-reading mobile phones, in-vehicle systems, and improvement of speech-based computer control in noisy environments.
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Warren, Kristen Marie. "Multichannel Pulse Oximetry: Effectiveness in Reducing HR and SpO2 error due to Motion Artifacts." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1219.

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Pulse oximetry is used to measure heart rate (HR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) from photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveforms. PPG waveforms are highly sensitive to motion artifact (MA), limiting the implementation of pulse oximetry in mobile physiological monitoring using wearable devices. Previous studies have shown that multichannel pulse oximetry can successfully acquire diverse signal information during simple, repetitive motion, thus leading to differences in motion tolerance across channels. In this study, we introduce a multichannel forehead-mounted pulse oximeter and investigate the performance of this novel sensor under a variety of intense motion artifacts. We have developed a multichannel template-matching algorithm that chooses the channel with the least amount of motion artifact to calculate HR and SpO2 every 2 seconds. We show that for a wide variety of random motion, channels respond differently to motion, and the multichannel estimate outperforms single channel estimates in terms of motion tolerance, signal quality, and HR and SpO2 error. Based on 31 data sets of PPG waveforms corrupted by random motion, the mean relative HR error was decreased by an average of 5.6 bpm when the multichannel-switching algorithm was compared to the worst performing channel. The percentage of HR measurements with absolute errors ≤ 5 bpm during motion increased by an average of 27.8 % when the multichannel-switching algorithm was compared to the worst performing channel. Similarly, the mean relative SpO2 error was decreased by an average of 4.3 % during motion when the multichannel-switching algorithm was compared to each individual channel. The percentage of SpO2 measurements with absolute error ≤ 3 % during motion increased by an average of 40.7 % when the multichannel-switching algorithm was compared to the worst performing channel. Implementation of this multichannel algorithm in a wearable device will decrease dropouts in HR and SpO2 measurements during motion. Additionally, the differences in motion frequency introduced across channels observed in this study shows precedence for future multichannel-based algorithms that make pulse oximetry measurements more robust during a greater variety of intense motion.
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Gallardo, Mathias. "Contributions to Monocular Deformable 3D Reconstruction : Curvilinear Objects and Multiple Visual Cues." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC021/document.

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La reconstruction 3D monoculaire déformable est le problème général d'estimation de forme 3D d'un objet déformable à partir d'images 2D. Plusieurs scénarios ont émergé : le Shape-from-Template (SfT) et le Non-Rigid Structure-from-Motion (NRSfM) sont deux approches qui ont été grandement étudiées pour leur applicabilité. La première utilise une seule image qui montre un objet se déformant et un patron (une forme 3D texturée de l'objet dans une pose de référence). La seconde n'utilise pas de patron, mais utilise plusieurs images et estime la forme 3D dans chaque image. Les deux approches s'appuient sur le mouvement de points de correspondances entre les images et sur des a priori de déformations, restreignant ainsi leur utilisation à des surfaces texturées qui se déforment de manière lisse. Cette thèse fait avancer l'état de l'art du SfT et du NRSfM dans deux directions. La première est l'étude du SfT dans le cas de patrons 1D (c’est-à-dire des courbes comme des cordes et des câbles). La seconde direction est le développement d'algorithmes de SfT et de NRSfM qui exploitent plusieurs indices visuels et qui résolvent des cas réels et complexes non-résolus précédemment. Nous considérons des déformations isométriques et reconstruisons la partie extérieure de l'objet. Les contributions techniques et scientifiques de cette thèse sont divisées en quatre parties.La première partie de cette thèse étudie le SfT curvilinéaire, qui est le cas du patron curvilinéaire plongé dans un espace 2D ou 3D. Nous proposons une analyse théorique approfondie et des solutions pratiques pour le SfT curvilinéaire. Malgré son apparente simplicité, le SfT curvilinéaire s'est avéré être un problème complexe : il ne peut pas être résolu à l'aide de solutions locales non-holonomes d'une équation différentielle ordinaire et ne possède pas de solution unique, mais un nombre fini de solutions ambiguës. Une contribution technique majeure est un algorithme basé sur notre théorie, qui génère toutes les solutions ambiguës. La deuxième partie de cette thèse traite d'une limitation des méthodes de SfT : la reconstruction de plis. Cette limitation vient de la parcimonie de la contrainte de mouvement et de la régularisation. Nous proposons deux contributions qui s'appuient sur un cadre de minimisation d'énergie non-convexe. Tout d'abord, nous complétons la contrainte de mouvement avec une contrainte robuste de bord. Ensuite, nous modélisons implicitement les plis à l'aide d'une représentation dense de la surface basée maillage et d'une contrainte robuste de lissage qui désactive automatiquement le lissage de la courbure sans connaître a priori la position des plis.La troisième partie de cette thèse est dédiée à une autre limitation du SfT : la reconstruction de surfaces peu texturées. Cette limitation vient de la difficulté d'obtenir des correspondances (parcimonieuses ou denses) sur des surfaces peu texturées. Comme l'ombrage révèle les détails sur des surfaces peu texturées, nous proposons de combiner l'ombrage avec le SfT. Nous présentons deux contributions. La première est une initialisation en cascade qui estime séquentiellement la déformation de la surface, l'illumination de la scène, la réponse de la caméra et enfin les albédos de la surface à partir d'images monoculaires où la surface se déforme. La seconde est l'intégration de l'ombrage à notre précédent cadre de minimisation d'énergie afin de raffiner simultanément les paramètres photométriques et de déformation.La dernière partie de cette thèse relâche la connaissance du patron et aborde deux limitations du NRSfM : la reconstruction de surfaces peu texturées avec des plis. Une contribution majeure est l'extension du second cadre d'optimisation pour la reconstruction conjointe de la forme 3D de la surface sur toutes les images d'entrée et des albédos de la surface sans en connaître un patron
Monocular deformable 3D reconstruction is the general problem of recovering the 3D shape of a deformable object from monocular 2D images. Several scenarios have emerged: the Shape-from-Template (SfT) and the Non-Rigid Structure-from-Motion (NRSfM) are two approaches intensively studied for their practicability. The former uses a single image depicting the deforming object and a template (a textured 3D shape of this object in a reference pose). The latter does not use a template, but uses several images and recovers the 3D shape in each image. Both approaches rely on the motion of correspondences between the images and deformation priors, which restrict their use to well-textured surfaces which deform smoothly. This thesis advances the state-of-the-art in SfT and NRSfM in two main directions. The first direction is to study SfT for the case of 1D templates (i.e. curved, thin structures such as ropes and cables). The second direction is to develop algorithms in SfT and NRSfM that exploit multiple visual cues and can solve complex, real-world cases which were previously unsolved. We focus on isometric deformations and reconstruct the outer part of the object. The technical and scientific contributions of this thesis are divided into four parts. The first part of this thesis studies the case of a curvilinear template embedded in 2D or 3D space, referred to Curve SfT. We propose a thorough theoretical analysis and practical solutions for Curve SfT. Despite its apparent simplicity, Curve SfT appears to be a complex problem: it cannot be solved locally using exact non-holonomic partial differential equation and is only solvable up to a finite number of ambiguous solutions. A major technical contribution is a computational solution based on our theory, which generates all the ambiguous solutions.The second part of this thesis deals with a limitation of SfT methods: reconstructing creases. This is due to the sparsity of the motion constraint and regularization. We propose two contributions which rely on a non-convex energy minimization framework. First, we complement the motion constraint with a robust boundary contour constraint. Second, we implicitly model creases with a dense mesh-based surface representation and an associated robust smoothing constraint, which deactivates curvature smoothing automatically where needed, without knowing a priori the crease location. The third part of this thesis is dedicated to another limitation of SfT: reconstructing poorly-textured surfaces. This is due to correspondences which cannot be obtained so easily on poorly-textured surfaces (either sparse or dense). As shading reveals details on poorly-textured surfaces, we propose to combine shading and SfT. We have two contributions. The first is a cascaded initialization which estimates sequentially the surface's deformation, the scene illumination, the camera response and then the surface albedos from deformed monocular images. The second is to integrate shading to our previous energy minimization framework for simultaneously refining deformation and photometric parameters.The last part of this thesis relaxes the knowledge of the template and addresses two limitations of NRSfM: reconstructing poorly-textured surfaces with creases. Our major contribution is an extension of the second framework to recover jointly the 3D shapes of all input images and the surface albedos without any template
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Reyes, Elsa. "A Comparison of Image Processing Techniques for Bird Detection." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1239.

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Orchard fruits and vegetable crops are vulnerable to wild birds and animals. These wild birds and animals can cause critical damage to the produce. Traditional methods of scaring away birds such as scarecrows are not long-term solutions but short-term solutions. This is a huge problem especially near areas like San Luis Obispo where there are vineyards. Bird damage can be as high as 50% for grapes being grown in vineyards. The total estimated revenue lost annually in the 10 counties in California due to bird and rodent damage to 22 selected crops ranged from $168 million to $504 million (in 2009 dollars). A more effective and permanent system needs to be put into place. Monitoring systems in agricultural settings could potentially provide a lot of data for image processing. Most current monitoring systems however don’t focus on image processing but instead really heavily on sensors. Just having sensors for certain systems work, but for birds, monitoring it is not an option because they are not domesticated like pigs, cows etc. in which most these agricultural monitoring systems work on. Birds can fly in and out of the area whereas domesticated animals can be confined to certain physical regions. The most crucial step in a smart scarecrow system would be how a threat would v be detected. Image processing methods can be effectively applied to detecting items in video footage. This paper will focus on bird detection and will analyze motion detection with image subtraction, bird detection with template matching, and bird detection with the Viola-Jones Algorithm. Of the methods considered, bird detection with the Viola-Jones Algorithm had the highest accuracy (87%) with a somewhat low false positive rate. This image processing step would ideally be incorporated with hardware (such as a microcontroller or FPGA, sensors, a camera etc.) to form a smart scarecrow system.
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Muscat, Richard A. "Molecular motion and templated chemistry coordinated by DNA nanomachines." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572658.

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This thesis investigates ways in which a nanoscale production line may be built from synthetic DNA components. One property of a production line is motion, the coordinated movement of components, in this case strands of DNA, between specific locations. Another property is the ability to assemble a product, where smaller molecular building blocks are attached to D A and react when brought together by the DNA assembly line. An important fea- ture of either task is the ability of the mechanism to proceed with minimum user interaction: it is preferable that the assembly line be autonomous. The challenges and design principles of molecular machines working in nano- scale environments are first considered. Previous studies demonstrating the use of synthetic DNA not only as a self-assembling material to build nano- structures, but also to coordinate motion, are summarized. All DNA nano- machines that operate through the exchange of DNA strands are coordinated by toeholds. A 'split toehold', one that combines two smaller toeholds on distal sections of DNA held in proximity, is proposed as a way to allow a single cargo strand to interact with many different components. A molecular motor is then developed that transports a cargo between track locations. The fuel strands are hairpins, that carry instructions directing the cargo to the next anchorage. The switching of cargo direction in response to the chemical environment is also investigated. Two mechanisms that may allow the autonomous assembly of components are investigated, one of which is demonstrated using DNA-linked cleavable molecular building blocks. Further extensions to the mechanism are investi- gated, for example, the ability to use the DNA mechanism itself as a barcode containing information on the order of assembled ingredients.
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Dawson, Jeremy M. "Through-wafer interrogation of MEMS device motion." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=856.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 122 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-122).
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Lancaster, Owen. "Sequence and structural templates for protein motifs." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:157940.

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Current methodologies for recognizing similar protein motifs are predominantly based upon establishing a homology relationship between the sequences. These methods are widely exploited to annotate new genomes and assign putative functions to new genes. However they are usually based on sequence data alone. More recent approaches have incorporated structural data into methods to improve the predictions compared to just sequence based methods alone. So far these approaches have not been widely exploited in bioinformatics for identifying common, small motifs. A test system was examined containing such a degenerate but short, repeating motif, the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR). Sequence analysis was done to assess the effectiveness of common search tools for finding TPR motifs. These methods included BLAST, PSI-BLAST and Hidden Markov Models and found the latter to be easily the most effective search strategy. Further sequence analysis of the TPR motif was carried out to demonstrate the extent to which TPRs with similar sequences are related in functional terms. In addition a full structural analysis was also performed. The results of the sequence and structural analysis of the TPR allowed structural information to be obtained and structurally conserved features in TPRs comprising conserved interacting residues pair positions were revealed. Comparative models were built and evaluated for all annotated TPR sequences with unknown structures to assess their compatibility with the TPR motif structure. From these and other models the interaction energy of structurally adjacent residues pairs has been calculated. These models were generated by mutating residues in key conserved positions to all possible amino acid combinations. The energy is then evaluated for each of these 20x20 pair combinations. This energy is then integrated into sequence based methods such as Hidden Markov Models with the aim of improving TPR prediction. An improvement in search sensitivity and specificity is demonstrated which should allow improved identification and annotation of this motif in sequence databases.
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Plants, Allison M. "A study of classic films and their portrayal of the mentally ill." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2818.

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Books on the topic "Motion template"

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Edwards, Anne. Shirley Temple: American princess. New York: W. Morrow, 1988.

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Bankston, John. Shirley Temple. Bear, Del: Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2004.

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Shirley Temple Black. Carlsbad, Calif., USA: Dominie Press, 2002.

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Hammontree, Patsy Guy. Shirley Temple Black: A bio-bibliography. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1998.

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Edwards, Anne. Shirley Temple, American princess: Complete and unabridged. Leicester: Charnwood, 1990.

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Booth, Ruth. Celebration calligraphy: Complete instructions and templates for special-occasion alphabets, borders, and motifs. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series, 2008.

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Booth, Ruth. Celebration calligraphy: Complete instructions and templates for special-occasion alphabets, borders, and motifs. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series, 2008.

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Booth, Ruth. Celebration calligraphy: Complete instructions and templates for special-occasion alphabets, borders, and motifs. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series, 2008.

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Shirley Temple Black: Actor and diplomat. Chicago, Ill: Ferguson Pub., 2000.

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Jacobs, Jordan. Samantha Sutton and the temple of traitors. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks Jabberwocky, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Motion template"

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Coffey, David, and Joseph Wei. "Template Guided Structuration of Polymer Films." In Polymer Surfaces in Motion, 143–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17431-0_6.

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Rösch, Peter, Thomas Netsch, Marcel Quist, and Jürgen Weese. "3D Respiratory Motion Compensation by Template Propagation." In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention — MICCAI 2002, 639–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45787-9_80.

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Lazovic, Djordje. "Short Stem Navigation and Optimized Range of Motion." In Computer and Template Assisted Orthopedic Surgery, 121–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29728-1_14.

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Velasco, Horacio M. González, Carlos J. García Orellana, Miguel Macías Macías, Ramón Gallardo Caballero, and M. Isabel Acevedo Sotoca. "Application of Repeated GA to Deformable Template Matching in Cattle Images." In Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, 134–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30074-8_14.

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Mohr, Daniel, and Gabriel Zachmann. "Silhouette Area Based Similarity Measure for Template Matching in Constant Time." In Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, 43–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14061-7_5.

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Malti, Abed, Adrien Bartoli, and Toby Collins. "Template-Based Conformal Shape-from-Motion-and-Shading for Laparoscopy." In Information Processing in Computer-Assisted Interventions, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30618-1_1.

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Kulathilake, K. A. S. H., L. Ranathunga, G. R. Constantine, and N. A. Abdullah. "Reduction of Motion Disturbances in Coronary Cineangiograms through Template Matching." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 267–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55038-6_41.

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Sánchez-Nielsen, Elena, and Mario Hernández-Tejera. "Heuristic Algorithm for Computing Fast Template Motion in Video Streams." In Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, 547–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11558484_69.

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Lao, Yizhen, Omar Ait-Aider, and Adrien Bartoli. "Rolling Shutter Pose and Ego-Motion Estimation Using Shape-from-Template." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2018, 477–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01216-8_29.

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Zhang, Dong Ping, Laurent Risser, Ola Friman, Coert Metz, Lisan Neefjes, Nico Mollet, Wiro Niessen, and Daniel Rueckert. "Nonrigid Registration and Template Matching for Coronary Motion Modeling from 4D CTA." In Biomedical Image Registration, 210–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14366-3_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Motion template"

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Cherabit, Noureddine, Amar Djeradi, and Fatma zohra Chelali. "Facial motion analysis using template matching." In 2020 1st International Conference on Communications, Control Systems and Signal Processing (CCSSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccssp49278.2020.9151797.

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Nguyen, Hung, Sreeja Rajesh, and Derek Abbott. "Motion detection algorithms using template model." In International Symposium on Microelectronics and MEMS, edited by Neil W. Bergmann, Derek Abbott, Alex Hariz, and Vijay K. Varadan. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.449137.

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Won, Dong-Jae, and Joo-Hee Moon. "Advanced template matching prediction using a motion boundary." In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313950.3313959.

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Milani, S., P. Bestagini, M. Tagliasacchi, and S. Tubaro. "Antiforensic synthesis of motion vectors using template algorithms." In ICASSP 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6854092.

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Lee, Chung-Lin, Chun-Chi Chen, Yi-Wen Chen, Mu-Hsuan Wu, Chung-Hao Wu, and Wen-Hsiao Peng. "Bi-prediction combining template and block motion compensations." In 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2011.6115652.

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Ahad, Md Atiqur Rahman, T. Ogata, J. K. Tan, H. S. Kim, and S. Ishikawa. "Template-based human motion recognition for complex activities." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2008.4811355.

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Myung-Cheol Roh, Ho-Keun Shin, Sang-Woong Lee, and Seong-Whan Lee. "Volume Motion Template for View-Invariant Gesture Recognition." In 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2006.1183.

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Braude, David Adam, Hiroshi Shimodaira, and Atef Ben-Youssef. "Template-warping based speech driven head motion synthesis." In Interspeech 2013. ISCA: ISCA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-633.

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Candan, Sinan Şahin, Osman Kaan Karagöz, Yiğit Yazıcıoğlu, and Uluç Saranlı. "Design of a Parallel Elastic Hopper With a Wrapping Cam Mechanism and Template Based Virtually Tunable Damping Control." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3278.

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Abstract In this study, mechanical design and control of a novel parallel elastically actuated (PEA) legged robot are presented. Motion under analysis is limited to vertical apex to apex hopping. Robot is composed of a symmetric four link mechanism as the leg, a brushless direct-drive DC motor and a wrapping cam with extension spring. Controller is based on templates (the simplest model) and anchors (more realistic model) scheme, where the template is the Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) including a viscous damper which is virtually tunable. For a desired apex, required damping constant is calculated to provide necessary energy to SLIP from an approximate analytical map. Template motion is realized in the anchor model by equating its dynamics to the template dynamics through torque control to equate energy inputs and a wrapping cam to equate potential energies. During the motion, a string is wrapped around a cam by relative motion between two links of the four link mechanism. The string pulls the spring and creates a nonlinear elongation function. Desired elongation is obtained from the required template potential energy and the necessary cam profile is calculated analytically. Thus, a linear compression spring is realized with a tension spring with cam. Static force experiments are performed to show that cam works as desired. Overall simulations and details of mechanical design are presented. This novel PEA robot architecture provides an accurate and energy efficient solution with a simple mechanical design.
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ZhiGang Zhang, CuiLi Ji, and Qing Liu. "A modified motion vector multi-template self-adaptive search algorithm for motion estimation." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsnt.2011.6182254.

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