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1
Shlendov, Igor'. "Energy Unit Expenses of Trains with Asynchronous Electric Drive." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2022-1-118-128.
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Objective: The assessment of energy effectiveness of traction drives for carriages of rolling stock models 81-765/766/767 and 81-556/557/558 (“NEVA”) from various producers and drafting technical requirements for drive electric equipment. Stock 81-765/766/767 uses asynchronous engine of 170 kW wattage and 43 Hz field rated frequency, 81-556/557/558 — 167 kW with 70 Hz rated frequency. Methods: The comparative analysis of drive energy indicators of trains with asynchronous electric drives has been accomplished in accordance with the calculation methodology. Measuring section was set in accordance with GOST P 50850-96. There are defined the assumptions at motion of rolling stock with equal maximal acceleration in a runaway and maximal deceleration in a braking and constant deceleration in a run-out. Maximal acceleration and deceleration were calculated incompliance adhesion set coefficient, grip weight (mass of motor cars) and moment of inertia. The calculation by method of analytical integration of motion differential equation was held on runaway five intervals. Initial technical data of trains with rated load as well as calculated indicators at train motion on measuring section were accepted. Diagrams of train motion on section were built and comparative analysis of characteristics of stock carriage models 81-765/766/767 and 81-556/557/558 (“NEVA”) was pursued. Results: It was established during the comparison that engine overload by torque on shaft is the same with 1.5 coefficient to rated torque. Stocks have significantly different indicators as by unit expenses as well as by motion dynamics. It’s been also established that for to minimize energy costs for traction it’s required to develop maximally allowable deceleration at braking and maximally allowable acceleration at runaway. Practical importance: The necessity of entry into Technical Task for new rolling stock of the requirement on stock check on runaway possibility with maximal set acceleration.
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Cheremisin, Vasily, Stanislav Istomin, and Artem Perestenko. "Artificial intelligence methods to control the energy efficiency of electric rolling stock online." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 05046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017505046.
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The international practices in organizing the energy consumption control of electric rolling stock are analyzed. As a result, it was concluded that currently the issue of organizing the energy consumption control of electric rolling stock is mainly solved by using analytical methods. These methods are based on designing the simulation models, which are usually based on the Pontryagin maximum principle. However, considering the development of recording systems for motion parameters of electric rolling stock, as well as other automated systems of Russian Railways, it seems promising to develop and study artificial intelligence methods and algorithms for solving real-time monitoring issues of electric rolling stock energy consumption. It was also determined that the most modern motion parameter recorders have a number of significant drawbacks from the data analysis point of view. Such drawbacks include insufficient data and their low reliability, lack of linking the recorded data to trips and locomotive teams, the impossibility of choosing a constant interval for recording measurement results. Moreover, there is also high probability of errors when recording data on the cartridge, lack of GPS/GLONASS satellite navigation system, lack of wireless data transmission, imperfection of software and inconvenience of exporting data from a cartridge file and its incompleteness. In order to test the energy efficiency assessment of electric rolling stock within the limits of arbitrary energy tracking areas, the Corresponding software was developed on the basis of data from the motion parameters recorders. However, developing the new complex automated system is required for the full implementation of the proposed consumption tracking method. Such system should combine the entire set of measured parameters, both for electric rolling stock and for the traction power supply system.
3
Sulym, A., and P. Khozia. "MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY PROCESSES IN ELECTRIC ROLLING STOCK WITH ON-BOARD ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 38 (December 24, 2021): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-38-63-6.
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The article deals with the main existing strategies for management strategy of energy exchange processes in the electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storage devices. When considering strategies, it is assumed that the onboard capacitive storage has low power and capacitance. Therefore, this capacitor storage is not able to accept the full amount of regenerative braking energy of the electric rolling stock. The purpose of the paper is to consider and analyze management strategies for energy exchange processes in the electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storages; to define the advantages and disadvantages of each of the existing strategies and propose a concept for the effective management of energy exchange processes in the electric rolling stock. The block diagram of electric rolling stock with the onboard capacitive energy storage which is used for the analysis of management strategies for energy exchange processes is presented. The modes of operation of electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storages are described. Five main strategies for management of energy exchange processes on the electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storages are determined. The advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are set out taking into account the given conditions (characteristics of the electric rolling stock, conditions of the rolling stock motion, oscillograph charts, etc.). The general advantages and shortcomings of each strategy are defined, which allowed to propose the concept of creating an adaptive strategy for managing energy exchange processes in electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storages. The main concept of this management strategy is to implement efficient energy exchange between the traction equipment, the onboard capacitive energy storage, the overhead contact system, both in normal and emergency modes of traction power supply, taking into account the dynamics of energy exchange processes in the overhead contact system, which will generally allow safety and energy efficiency of the transportation process. The obtained research results will contribute to the development and implementation of effective strategies for managing energy exchange processes in the electric rolling stock.
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Tomilov, Valeriy Viktorovich, Sandugash Myrzabekovna Utepbergenova, and Oleg Alexeevich Sidorov. "Pantograph cooling system mathematical model during motion of the railway electric transport." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-2-86-92.
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Uneven heating of the pantograph slide is the reason for limiting the pantograph removal of the maximum permissible long-term current from the contact network. The highest heating point is observed in the center of the pantograph head relative to the path axis, which can be taken into account when developing a pantograph slide cooling device. Existing models of the thermal state of the pantograph slide do not describe the transient modes of distributed heating of a closed-type structure (euro pantograph head) as a result of the impact of a contact wire in the plan when moving a rolling stock. Existing methods for calculating the heating of the pantograph slide require the use of special programs for the development of its three-dimensional model and significant power of electronic computers. The paper presents a mathematical model euro pantograph head standard design and are equipped with passive cooling system the center through the frame device of the confuser type, which can calculate the load characteristics of the pantograph slide, to evaluate the reduction of uneven heating of its design and to determine the maximal permissible continuous current of the pantograph.
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Domin, Rostyslav, Iurii Domin, and Ganna Cherniak. "Estimation of dynamic performances of the safe operation of high-speed electric train." Archives of Transport 41, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7374.
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The process of implementation of new developments, in particular, new generation rolling stock holds a prominent place among the range of measures for organization of high-speed passenger rail transportation in Ukraine. The example of permission for use and the initial phase of work with interregional NRCS2 dual-mode electric trains produced by Hyundai-Rotem Corporation is the illustrative one in this context. Due to the detection of macro-cracks in bolster beams of the car body frames of these electric trains, namely in the areas of mounting of anti-yaw dampers, these trains were taken out of service until the completion of the modernization of problematic nodes. The comprehensive study on the determination of the safety parameters of electric trains was conducted to determine the causes of destruction of bolster beams. At the same time, bolster beams loading was estimated depending on the characteristics of anti-yaw dampers by means of computer simulation of the dynamics of motion of trailing and motor cars. The feasibility of selection of parameters for anti-yaw dampers mounted on electric train cars was assessed. The results of work will improve the safe operation of high-speed trains and increase the efficiency of estimates regarding the loading of bearing structures of underframes of the of rolling stock.
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Falendysh, Anatoly, Volodymyr Dzhus, Olha Kletska, Oleg Kosariev, and Jan Dizo. "Model for building traction information of suburban rolling stock on hydrogen fuel." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929401010.
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The materials consider the possibility of using hydrogen as a fuel for suburban rolling stock in Ukraine. The analysis of the use of hydrogen fuel in transport in various countries of the world is carried out. One of the main stages of calculating the rolling stock is the construction of its traction characteristic, which largely depends on the type of power plant. Therefore, a model has been developed for constructing traction characteristics of a suburban rolling stock when it is converted to hydrogen fuel. For this purpose, an analysis of power equipment with an energy source from a polymer of an exchange membrane fuel cell and methods of connecting their batteries to blocks is done. The scheme of power transmission for the rolling stock is proposed and its efficiency coefficient is preliminarily calculated. The main technical indicators of suburban rolling stock in Ukraine at the moment and using proton-exchange membrane fuel cells on it are considered. Preliminary consideration is given to the operation parameters of the electric circuit of the rolling stock under various modes of its motion. The traction characteristic of a suburban mobile suction on hydrogen fuel is constructed. The proposed model is implemented in the software product MathLab.
7
Hascoet, J. Y., K. P. Karunakaran, and S. Marya. "Additive Manufacturing Viewed from Material Science: State of the Art & Fundamentals." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2284.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM), also designated as 3D Printing (3DP), is one of the most visionary and friendly approaches for flexible manufacturing with conservation of energy and material resources. It is a factory in a box that can generate multiple objects. It requires little manpower to bring virtual innovations into the real world. AM for metals can be mechanistically associated with welding. The technique employs a variety of energy sources (laser, electron beam, electric Arc, ...), feed stocks (powder, wire and ribbon) and motion kinematics & control (articulated robot and 3-5 axes CNC machine ). From the materials perspectives, akin to fusion welding in many respects, AM involves a multitude of complex and interacting physical phenomena such as heat transfer, fluid flow, discrete and continuum mechanics, sintering, melting, solidification, solid state transformations, grain growth, diffusion, textures etc. The desired process performance can be achieved by controlling the parameters of energy, feed stock and motion. The effect of successive thermal cycles along with the epitaxial relations between substratum and deposits constitute some of the challenging tasks for developing optimized parts. This paper reviews the state of the art and presents some challenges facing metal product development for service applications.
8
Hascoet, J. Y., K. P. Karunakaran, and Surendar Marya. "Additive Manufacturing Viewed from Material Science: State of the Art & Fundamentals." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2347.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM), also designated as 3D Printing (3DP), is one of the mostvisionary and friendly approaches for flexible manufacturing with conservation of energy andmaterial resources. It is a factory in a box that can generate multiple objects. It requires littlemanpower to bring virtual innovations into the real world. AM for metals can be mechanisticallyassociated with welding. The technique employs a variety of energy sources (laser, electron beam,electric Arc, …), feed stocks (powder, wire and ribbon) and motion kinematics & control(articulated robot and 3-5 axes CNC machine ). From the materials perspectives, akin to fusionwelding in many respects, AM involves a multitude of complex and interacting physical phenomenasuch as heat transfer, fluid flow, discrete and continuum mechanics, sintering, melting,solidification, solid state transformations, grain growth, diffusion, textures etc. The desired processperformance can be achieved by controlling the parameters of energy, feed stock and motion. Theeffect of successive thermal cycles along with the epitaxial relations between substratum anddeposits constitute some of the challenging tasks for developing optimized parts. This paper reviewsthe state of the art and presents some challenges facing metal product development for serviceapplications.
9
Yu, Yue Min. "Design and Analysis of a Micro-Motion Platform Based on Flexible Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1543.
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Piezoelectric materials is a kind of the most common smart materials whose geometric shape can be related to an energy input in the form of electric field. In the application of active materials to electromechanical energy conversion, electrical energy may be input to the material and the resulting deformation of the material can be used to move a load. In this paper, a micro-motion platform is designed based straight circular flexure hinge and driven through piezoelectric ceramic stack. The calculation formula of the natural frequency of the new micro-motion platform structure is derived. From the analysis, the deformation and stress of it are all under allowed value of 65Mn. The results indicate that, the micro-motion platform all are satisfy the need of design.
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Smerdin, Alexander, Yury Demin, and Alexander Ryzhkov. "Improvement of the method of calculation of the parameters of the universal current collector with the increased motion speeds." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901040.
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The paper considers the main stages of development of a computer model of current collectors of an electric rolling stock. The original description of the kinematic scheme of a universal measuring current collector with the subsequent implementation of mathematical model in Matlab SimMechanics environment is offered. The model is based on the use of the method of homogeneous coordinates to represent the kinematic scheme of the current collector. It is shown that the computer model accurately and adequately describes the processes occurring with the current collector, is a universal instrument for simulating any types of current collectors, allows changing a wide range of parameters and characteristics incorporated in it.
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Yu, Yue Min. "Design and Analysis of a XY Micro-Motion Stage Based on S Type Flexible Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1216.
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Piezoelectric materials is a kind of the most common smart materials whose geometric shape can be related to an energy input in the form of electric field. In the application of active materials to electromechanical energy conversion, electrical energy may be input to the material and the resulting deformation of the material can be used to move a load. In this paper, a XY micro-motion stage is designed based s type flexure mechanism and driven through piezoelectric ceramic stack. From the analysis, it can achieve X direction 6.5μm, Y direction 9.7μm micro-displacement output.The results indicate that, the XY micro-motion stage all are satisfy the need of design.
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Novarina, Diya, Eko Swistoro, M. Lutfi Firdaus, and Rosane Medriati. "Inovasi Sistem Stack Microbial Fuel Cell menggunakan Substrat Limbah Rumen Sapi serta Implementasinya sebagai Media Pembelajaran." PENDIPA Journal of Science Education 2, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.2.3.188-195.
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ABSTRACT[Innovation of microbial fuel cell stack system using cow rumen waste substrate and its implementation as a learning media]. The aims of this study are to: 1) describe the difference of Electric Motion (GGL), 2) describe the difference of electric power per unit area of the anode (Pa) which is produced between the series design MFC type series, parallel, mixed type 1 and mixed type 2, and 3) describe the significant difference of learning outcomes between the PBL learning model using MFC media with PBL learning model by using the electrical kit medium on dynamic electrical concept in SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Bengkulu. The free variable of this research are MFC stack system design (series, parallel, mixed types 1 and 2) and the dependent variable is GGL and electric power per unit of anode surface area. The results are obtained difference GGL and Pa between series design, parallel, mixed types 1 and 2 by comparison are 3: 1: 1,5: 2 whereas Pa ratio is 1: 10: 6: 2 with maximum GGL is obtained in series design of 3,29 V and Pa maximum in parallel circuit 21,76 mW / m2. Implementation of MFC series as a learning media used Problem Based Learning model on physics learning Implementation of MFC circuit with research design using one group pretest-posttest design. The testing of hypothesis with t-test shows tcount 2.739> ttable 2,001 and 95% significant level so it can be concluded there are significant differences in learning outcomes of PBL learning model by using MFC media with PBL learning model by using media Electric Kit on dynamic electrical concept in SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Bengkulu. Keywords: Stack Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Sistem; Rumen Cow Liquid Waste; Learning Media.
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Wang, D. W., M. X. Liu, W. J. Qian, X. Wu, Q. Ma, and Z. Q. Wu. "Parametrical Investigation of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting via Friction-Induced Vibration." Shock and Vibration 2020 (February 19, 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6190215.
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In this work, piezoelectric energy harvesting performance via friction-induced vibration is investigated numerically. A one-degree-of-freedom friction system with a piezoelectric element is proposed, to study the piezoelectric energy harvesting via friction-induced stick-slip vibration. Subsequently, a two-degree-of-freedom friction system with two piezoelectric elements is proposed, to investigate the piezoelectric energy harvesting via model coupling vibration. Results show that regardless of the friction systems, it is feasible to convert friction-induced vibration energy to electrical energy when the friction system is operating in the unstable vibration region. Parametrical analysis indicates that for the one-degree-of-freedom friction system, when the normal load increases from 5 N to 30 N, the stick-slip motion becomes more intense, and the friction system will generate more electric energy. While for the two-degree-of-freedom friction system, with the normal load increase from 20 N to 120 N, there is a critical normal load value for the generation of the strongest vibration and the highest voltage output. When the velocity of the belt increases from 0.5 m/s to 2 m/s, the amplitudes of vibration and output voltage become larger. While with the velocity further increasing, the stick-slip motion and generated electric energy disappear. For both friction systems, the external electric resistance has no effect on the dynamic behaviour of the friction system; however, it can modify the output voltage amplitudes within limits. It is also found that when the force factor of piezoelectric element increases from 3.1 × 10−5 N/V to 3.1 × 10−3 N/V, the vibration and harvested energy gradually increase. When the force factor further increases to 3.1 × 10−2 N/V, the vibration reduces drastically and the corresponding output voltages reduce significantly, which proves that a piezoelectric element with an appropriated force factor can give the highest harvested energy and conversion efficiency.
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Yu, Yu Min. "Design and Analysis of a Piezoelectric Actuator." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 2131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.2131.
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Active materials are a group of solid-state materials whose geometric shape can be related to an energy input in the form of heat, light, electric field, or magnetic field. In the application of active materials to electromechanical energy conversion, electrical energy may be input to the material and the resulting deformation of the material can be used to move a load. The most common active materials used in actuators are piezoelectrics, magnetostrictives, and SMAs. In this paper, a piezoelectric actuation concept is presented that uses a new feed-screw motion accumulation technique. The feed-screw concept involves accumulating high frequency actuation strokes of a piezoelectric stack (driving element) by intermittently rotating nuts on an output feed-screw. The main parts of piezoelectric actuation such as clamp mechanism, rotary mechanism and “L type” driving mechanism are investigated. From the analysis, the deformation and stress of it are all under allowed value of 65Mn. The mathematics model of upside of rotary mechanism rotation motion is established. The results indicate that, the mechanisms of actuator all are satisfy the need of design
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Smith, Ray T., Stephen Taylor, and Simon Maher. "Modelling electromagnetic induction via accelerated electron motion." Canadian Journal of Physics 93, no. 7 (July 2015): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0366.
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The two forms of electromagnetic induction are generally referred to as motional and transformer induction, and although these phenomena have been observed and discussed for well over 150 years, certain aspects remain controversial in the scientific literature. It is well-known that an electromotive force (emf) is induced in a loop of wire encircling a long solenoid carrying alternating current. This is true however even in a region in which there is a negligibly small magnetic or electric field. Although the flux linking concept can explain the induced emf, more recent explanations utilise the concept of vector potential as the causal explanation of induction. In this present investigation, we propose that Weber’s force, based on inter-particle forces, provides a more fundamental explanation. The induced emf is measured directly across a closely wound, 1000 turn narrow coil encircling a long solenoid carrying alternating current. Weber’s force formula has been adapted to the case of transformer induction by treating the solenoid as a stack of current loops and applying the principle of superposition. Analytical calculation is also included for the application of Faraday’s law. Close agreement with experimentally measured values is demonstrated in all cases for low-frequency induction up to around 5 kHz.
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Wołek, Marcin, Aleksander Jagiełło, and Michał Wolański. "Multi-Criteria Analysis in the Decision-Making Process on the Electrification of Public Transport in Cities in Poland: A Case Study Analysis." Energies 14, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 6391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196391.
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Electromobility is one of the leading trends transforming public transport worldwide. Supported by international organizations, such as the European Union, and national cofounding, public transport operators and local authorities are taking strategic decisions on the direction and scope of the electrification of rolling stock. Most of the electric buses that are being put into operation replace the previously used conventional buses, and consequently, most of the electric buses are operating on existing bus lines. By applying a strategic approach to selecting bus routes for electrification, the advantages of electric vehicles can be maximized. Based on a case study of the Polish city of Gdynia, this paper explores the usefulness of the multi-criteria analysis for selecting the bus lines for electrification. Multi-criteria analysis methods help decision makers to consider and weigh diverse criteria that include, among others, economic, social, technological and environmental aspects. To fulfil the above purpose, the paper compares different methods for evaluating electromobility options at an early stage. The primary research methods include multi-criteria analysis, literature review and case study analysis. An example of using multi-criteria analysis in the decision-making process of in-motion charging trolleybuses to replace diesel buses on particular lines is discussed and concluded. It is found that the multi-criteria analysis method could be used at an early but important stage of the operational level when particular lines to be replaced are being discussed. Moreover, the case is made that the local context should always be considered, including features of the existing public transport systems, and that cost–benefit analysis should be conducted for the selected optimum scenario.
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Araujo, George, Zhaoyi Zheng, Jae Jong Oh, and Jay X. Tang. "Assessment of a Weak Mode of Bacterial Adhesion by Applying an Electric Field." Applied Microbiology 1, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1020019.
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Microbial attachment to surfaces is ubiquitous in nature. Most species of bacteria attach and adhere to surfaces via special appendages such as pili and fimbriae, the roles of which have been extensively studied. Here, we report an experiment on pilus-less mutants of Caulobacter crescentus weakly attached to polyethylene surface. We find that some individual cells transiently but repeatedly adhere to the surface in a stick-slip fashion in the presence of an electric field parallel to the surface. These bacteria move significantly slower than the unattached ones in the same field of view undergoing electrophoretic motion. We refer this behavior of repeated and transient attachment as “quasi-attachment”. The speed of the quasi-attached bacteria exhibits large variation, frequently dropping close to zero for short intervals of time. We propose a polymeric tethering model to account for the experimental findings. This study sheds light on bacteria–surface interaction, which is significant in broader contexts such as infection and environmental control.
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Titova, Tamila, and Andrey Evstafev. "Energy efficiency improvement of locomotives with energy storages." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 2 (2017): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2017-2-200-210.
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Objective: The development of hybrid technologies is an aspect that carries serious changes for the railway industry, its design and technological base. These changes provide the scientific and technological breakthroughs to a much greater extent than the implementation of any new projects in traditional forms. Methods: Of great interest is the solution to the problem of hybrid locomotives and related power supply interaction. In addition, there are problems of quality and reliability of the rolling stock. The relationship between the three sets of technology, as well as the problem of support quality of the latter, becomes essential for the successful implementation of hybrid locomotives with a combined power plant. Results: The primary problems of locomotive projects in question are: electric power storage, in-depth modernization of the traction drive, and implementation of an optimal motion control algorithms in different modes. Increasing energy density stored in the traction battery, while reducing vehicle mass, ensures competitive advantages of eco-friendly hybrid locomotives versus traditional. The cost of the traction battery tends to dominate over the relevant economic parameters of other components of the traction drive hybrid locomotives, therefore, projects with a high technological level are relevant, while ensuring lower total weight of the vehicle. However, in the last decade, due to the increasing importance of electronic components in the transportation industry, along with the objectives stated above, problems of management optimization of rolling stock systems and provision of an appropriate level of quality control take center stage. Issues of energy storage application in the hybrid locomotive and their advantages over the currently used energy sources are considered in the article. Practical importance: It is shown that the use of a hybrid energy storage system will significantly increase the efficiency and reliability of the locomotive.
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Nestler, Tina, William Förster, Stefan Braun, Wolfram Münchgesang, Falk Meutzner, Matthias Zschornak, Charaf Cherkouk, Tilmann Leisegang, and Dirk Meyer. "Energy Storage in crystalline Materials based on multivalent Ions." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331409634x.
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Energy conversion and storage has become the main challenge to satisfy the growing demand for renewable energy solutions as well as mobile applications. Nowadays, several technologies exist for the conversion of electric energy into e. g. heat, light and motion or vice versa. Among a large variety of storage concepts, the conversion of electrical in chemical energy is of great relevance in particular for location-independent use. Main factors that still limit the use of electrochemical cells are the volumetric and gravimetric energy density, cyclability as well as safety. The concept for a new thin-film rechargeable battery that possibly improves these properties is presented. In contrast to the widespread lithium-ion technology, the discussed battery is based on the redox reaction of multivalent Al-ions and their migration through solid electrolytes. The ion conduction and insertion processes in the crystalline materials of the suggested cell are discussed under a crystallographic point of view to identify suitable electrode and separator materials. A multilayer-stack of all-solid-state batteries is synthesized by pulsed laser deposition and investigated in situ, i. e. during charge and discharge, by X-ray reflection and diffraction methods. The correlation between crystal structure, morphology and electrical performance is investigated in order to characterize the ion diffusion and insertion process.
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Chang, Y. J., and D. Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf. "Effects of Ambient Gases on Friction and Interfacial Resistance." Journal of Tribology 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261660.
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As is well known, ambient atmospheres can greatly affect the friction and wear behavior of metals sliding on each other, as well as the electric contact resistance between the metals. In order to better understand the mechanisms of those effects of ambient atmospheres, the coefficient of friction and the electric contact resistance have been studied for bundles of 50 micrometer thick copper wires, sliding on a polished copper surface in a specialized apparatus, called the hoop apparatus. The ambient gas was cycled between laboratory air and carbon dioxide, and between laboratory air and argon, respectively. The results indicate a reversible build-up and removal of surface films whose nature as well as speed of formation and removal depends on the gas present. Fiber bundles are used in order to eliminate the constriction resistance, so that the contact resistance is directly proportional to the specific film resistivity. The following properties were found to be affected by the ambient gases. (i) The average level of the contact resistance. (ii) The amplitude of the electric “noise.” (iii) The coefficient of friction. (iv) The difference between the static and the dynamic coefficients of friction in stick-slip motion. The results were found to be consistent with previous measurements in which the mechanism of forming wear particles was deduced from a wear chip analysis. Correspondingly they were interpreted in terms of the same wear model. This led to a further advance in the understanding of the interfacial processes accompanying sliding in this sample/substrate combination.
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Chow, W. K., and J. H. Zhao. "Scale modeling studies on stack effect in tall vertical shafts." Journal of Fire Sciences 29, no. 6 (August 3, 2011): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904111410657.
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Natural ventilation was provided by tall vertical shafts such as solar chimney while designing some green buildings. For buildings with a tall vertical shaft located in very cold countries, measured pressure difference due to stack effect was up to 300 Pa. Air motion induced by stack effect would give adequate ventilation flow rate. However, stack effect would also give adverse effect if not utilized properly in this green design. Smoke would spread faster to other parts of the building in an accidental fire. Therefore, estimations of stack pressure by simple hydrostatic equation used to be criticized in performance-based design. Further studies are required and will be justified by scale model experiments in this article. Stack effect in a vertical shaft was studied experimentally by a model shaft of size 0.05 × 0.05 m2 and height 2.0 m. Air temperature inside the model was kept at constant values above outdoor by wounding hot electric wires. Vertical air temperature profiles inside and outside of the model at different heights were measured. Measured air pressure difference profiles between indoor and outdoor were then compared with those estimated from the air temperature difference. Results were then applied to justify stack pressure estimations by the hydrostatic models. From this study, hydrostatic equations are confirmed to be acceptable for studying stack pressure in tall vertical shafts.
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Battiston, Adrian, Inna Sharf, and Meyer Nahon. "Attitude estimation for collision recovery of a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle." International Journal of Robotics Research 38, no. 10-11 (August 8, 2019): 1286–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364919867397.
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An extensive evaluation of attitude estimation algorithms in simulation and experiments is performed to determine their suitability for a collision recovery pipeline of a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle. A multiplicative extended Kalman filter (MEKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF), complementary filter, [Formula: see text] filter, and novel adaptive varieties of the selected filters are compared. The experimental quadcopter uses a PixHawk flight controller, and the algorithms are implemented using data from only the PixHawk inertial measurement unit (IMU). Performance of the aforementioned filters is first evaluated in a simulation environment using modified sensor models to capture the effects of collision on inertial measurements. Simulation results help define the efficacy and use cases of the conventional and novel algorithms in a quadcopter collision scenario. An analogous evaluation is then conducted by post-processing logged sensor data from collision flight tests, to gain new insights into algorithms’ performance in the transition from simulated to real data. The post-processing evaluation compares each algorithm’s attitude estimate, including the stock attitude estimator of the PixHawk controller, to data collected by an offboard infrared motion capture system. Based on this evaluation, two promising algorithms, the MEKF and an adaptive [Formula: see text] filter, are selected for implementation on the physical quadcopter in the control loop of the collision recovery pipeline. Experimental results show an improvement in the metric used to evaluate experimental performance, the time taken to recover from the collision, when compared with the stock attitude estimator on the PixHawk (PX4) software.
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Saginus, Kyle A., Richard W. Marklin, and Phillip A. Voglewede. "Dynamic Modeling of Hand Push Force to Close a Disconnect Switch at Switching Stations and Substations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 14 (October 2009): 902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905301410.
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Electric utility switching stations and substations in the U.S. typically have hundreds of disconnect switches in outdoor yards that are manually closed and opened. For safety reasons, these switches are usually located at least 10 ft above the ground and require specialized methods to open and close the switch. The most common manual method to open or close a disconnect switch is through the use of an insulated pole that ranges from 6 to 20 ft long. Due to the shear number of required independent tasks (workers may have to open or close 100 disconnect within 30 min), the manual opening and closing of disconnect switches is physically demanding and presents risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), particularly to the upper extremities. The purpose of this study was to model the hand push force exerted by the worker on the insulated pole to close a disconnect switch. A force gauge was attached to the end of the insulated stick while a worker closed a switch. An average of 510 lbs of peak reaction force was measured when the switch was closed. Digital video revealed the average time interval for the worker to push the stick was 210 ms, from the time the motion was started to the time the switch was completely closed. Modeling in Siemens NX6.0 with ADAMS showed that a constant input force of 24 lbs on the stick was required by the worker to generate a peak reaction force of 510 lbs. Because most of the peak reaction force is transmitted to the upper extremities of the worker, these tasks expose the workers to MSDs. This type of dynamic analysis can be applied to many tasks that require a worker to use motion to exert a high peak reaction force. Furthermore, this method can enable researchers to assess the forces applied by a worker throughout the duration of a task, rather than just at the endpoint, which may provide more insight into which part(s) of a task present the greater risk of MSDs.
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Azam, Shoaib, Farzeen Munir, Ahmad Muqeem Sheri, Joonmo Kim, and Moongu Jeon. "System, Design and Experimental Validation of Autonomous Vehicle in an Unconstrained Environment." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 5999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20215999.
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In recent years, technological advancements have made a promising impact on the development of autonomous vehicles. The evolution of electric vehicles, development of state-of-the-art sensors, and advances in artificial intelligence have provided necessary tools for the academia and industry to develop the prototypes of autonomous vehicles that enhance the road safety and traffic efficiency. The increase in the deployment of sensors for the autonomous vehicle, make it less cost-effective to be utilized by the consumer. This work focuses on the development of full-stack autonomous vehicle using the limited amount of sensors suite. The architecture aspect of the autonomous vehicle is categorized into four layers that include sensor layer, perception layer, planning layer and control layer. In the sensor layer, the integration of exteroceptive and proprioceptive sensors on the autonomous vehicle are presented. The perception of the environment in term localization and detection using exteroceptive sensors are included in the perception layer. In the planning layer, algorithms for mission and motion planning are illustrated by incorporating the route information, velocity replanning and obstacle avoidance. The control layer constitutes lateral and longitudinal control for the autonomous vehicle. For the verification of the proposed system, the autonomous vehicle is tested in an unconstrained environment. The experimentation results show the efficacy of each module, including localization, object detection, mission and motion planning, obstacle avoidance, velocity replanning, lateral and longitudinal control. Further, in order to demonstrate the experimental validation and the application aspect of the autonomous vehicle, the proposed system is tested as an autonomous taxi service.
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Tian, Xinqi, Weishan Chen, Yingxiang Liu, Jie Deng, and Kai Li. "Study on improving the resolution of an H-shaped piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator by stick-slip principle." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 1 (November 16, 2021): 015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac36b1.
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Abstract Improving the performance of the motion stages driven by piezoelectric actuators is an enduring topic for expanding their applications. For the motion stage with a travel range of tens of millimeters, trade-offs are inevitable between getting high speed (hundreds of millimeters per second) and high resolution (tens of nanometers), due to the inherent limitations of the operating principles of the piezoelectric actuators. In order to improve the output resolution of an H-shaped piezoelectric ultrasonic actuator, sawtooth excitation voltages are used in this work rather than the conventional sinusoidal voltages in previous works. The configuration and operating principle of the actuator are discussed in detail. The actuator consists of two vertical and two horizontal longitudinal transducers. The ends of the vertical transducers act as the driving tips and drive the stage forward with the alternating slow extensions and rapid contraction, during which stick motions and slip motions of the stage are acquired. An analytic model is developed to estimate the horizontal and vertical output displacement of the driving tip. The maximum error between the predicted value of the analytical model and the experimental value is about 14%. A prototype of the motion stage is fabricated and experiments are carried out to evaluate its output characteristics. The experiment results confirm the operating principle and show that the resolution is upgraded to tens of nanometers. The prototype obtains a resolution of 19 nm, a maximum speed of 2.22 μm s−1, and a maximum carrying load of 16.94 kg.
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Suganthi, K., and G. Jayalalitha. "Geometric Brownian Motion in Stock Prices." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1377 (November 2019): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1377/1/012016.
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Fomin, Oleksij, Alyona Lovska, Andriy Klymash, and Mykhailo Keremet. "Improvement of covered wagons of the “East-West” type by sectioning with a partition." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 7 (113) (October 29, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.239751.
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The dynamic loading and strength of the frame of the “East-West” type covered wagon were determined. To increase the efficiency of operation of covered wagons in international traffic, it is proposed to improve their frames. This improvement consists in using a sectional partition in the body in order to divide it into two separate sections. This allows the transportation of different goods in one wagon, and therefore decreasing empty mileage. The longitudinal loading of the covered wagon frame was determined. The case of shunting impact was considered. The studies were carried out in a flat coordinate system. The loading mode of the frame of the covered wagon in the empty and loaded states was considered. The acceleration acting on the covered wagon frame in the loaded state was 0.37g, empty – 0.42g, which does not exceed the standard values. The wagon motion is rated “excellent”. The main strength indicators of the covered wagon frame were determined. The calculation was made by the finite element method. It was found that the maximum equivalent stresses are concentrated in the area of interaction of the center sill with the bolster beam and amounted to 340 MPa, which is lower than the yield stress of the material. Maximum displacements occur in the middle of the frame beams and are about 12 mm. The natural vibration frequencies of the covered wagon frame were calculated. The research will help to increase the efficiency of using covered wagons in international traffic. Also, the research results can be useful developments in the creation of innovative rolling stock structures
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In’kov, Yu M., V. V. Litovchenko, and D. V. Nazarov. "Features of traction electric equipment of prospective electric rolling stock." Russian Electrical Engineering 87, no. 9 (September 2016): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371216090066.
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Pedraja, Federico, Volker Hofmann, Kathleen M. Lucas, Colleen Young, Jacob Engelmann, and John E. Lewis. "Motion parallax in electric sensing." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 3 (January 2, 2018): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712380115.
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A crucial step in forming spatial representations of the environment involves the estimation of relative distance. Active sampling through specific movements is considered essential for optimizing the sensory flow that enables the extraction of distance cues. However, in electric sensing, direct evidence for the generation and exploitation of sensory flow is lacking. Weakly electric fish rely on a self-generated electric field to navigate and capture prey in the dark. This electric sense provides a blurred representation of the environment, making the exquisite sensory abilities of electric fish enigmatic. Stereotyped back-and-forth swimming patterns reminiscent of visual peering movements are suggestive of the active generation of sensory flow, but how motion contributes to the disambiguation of the electrosensory world remains unclear. Here, we show that a dipole-like electric field geometry coupled to motion provides the physical basis for a nonvisual parallax. We then show in a behavioral assay that this cue is used for electrosensory distance perception across phylogenetically distant taxa of weakly electric fish. Notably, these species electrically sample the environment in temporally distinct ways (using discrete pulses or quasisinusoidal waves), suggesting a ubiquitous role for parallax in electric sensing. Our results demonstrate that electrosensory information is extracted from sensory flow and used in a behaviorally relevant context. A better understanding of motion-based electric sensing will provide insight into the sensorimotor coordination required for active sensing in general and may lead to improved electric field-based imaging applications in a variety of contexts.
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Bishop, David M. "Nuclear motion and electric hyperpolarizabilities." Journal of Chemical Physics 86, no. 10 (May 15, 1987): 5613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452537.
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&NA;. "New Motion Control Electric Hand." JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 13, no. 1 (March 2001): A25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008526-200103000-00002.
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Balthazar, José Manoel, Reyolando Manoel Lopes Rabelo da Fonseca Brasil, and F. J. Garzeri. "On Non-Ideal Simple Portal Frame Structural Model: Experimental Results under a Non-Ideal Excitation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 1-2 (September 2004): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.1-2.51.
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We present measurements of the non-linear oscillations of a portal frame foundation for a non-ideal motor. We consider a three-time redundant structure with two columns, clamped in their bases and a horizontal beam. An electrical unbalanced motor is mounted at mid span of the beam. Two non-linear phenomena are studied: a) mode saturation and energy transfer between modes; b)interaction between high amplitude motions of the structure and the rotation regime of a real limited power motor. The dynamic characteristics of the structure were chosen to have one-to-two internal resonance between the anti-symmetrical mode (sway motions) and the first symmetrical mode natural frequencies. As the excitation frequency reaches near resonance conditions with the 2nd natural frequency, the amplitude of this mode grows up to a certain level and then it saturates. The surplus energy pumped into the system is transferred to the sway mode, which experiences a sudden increase in its amplitude. Energy is transformed from low amplitude high frequency motion into high amplitude low frequency motion. Such a transformation is potentially dangerous. We consider the fact that real motors, such as the one used in this study, have limited power output. In this case, this energy source is said to be non-ideal, in contrast to the ideal source whose amplitude and frequency are independent of the motion of the structure. Our experimental research detected the Sommerfeld Effect: as the motor accelerates to reach near resonant conditions, a considerable part of its output energy is consumed to generate large amplitude motions of the structure and not to increase its own angular speed. For certain parameters of the system, the motor can get stuck at resonance not having enough power to reach higher rotation regimes. If some more power is available, jump phenomena may occur from near resonance to considerably higher motor speed regimes, no stable motions being possible between these two.
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Riabov, I., S. Sapronova, V. Tkachenko, S. Goolak, and R. Keršys. "CALCULATION OF TRACTION AND ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS ELECTRIC ROLLING STOCK WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRACTION ELECTRIC DRIVE." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 38 (December 24, 2021): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-38-138-13.
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The issue of determining the traction and energy characteristics of electric rolling stock with asynchronous traction drive is considered. It is noted that such rolling stock can work at any point of the traction area, resulting in the need to determine the characteristics of the rolling stock for the entire traction area. The calculation of the characteristics of the traction induction motor, which are the basis for determining the traction and energy characteristics of the electric rolling stock, is considered in detail. A procedure based on the calculation of the replacement circuit of an induction motor is proposed. The calculation of power losses due to higher harmonic voltages and currents is considered. An example of calculation of traction and energy characteristics of an DC electric shunting locomotive with a traction asynchronous electric drive is given.
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Tabbache, Bekheira, Abdelaziz Kheloui, and Mohamed El Hachemi Benbouzid. "An Adaptive Electric Differential for Electric Vehicles Motion Stabilization." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 60, no. 1 (January 2011): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2090949.
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Kalinin, N. P., and M. Yu Obukhov. "Increasing the energy efficiency of an electric train by installing electric energy storage units." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 17, no. 4 (December 2020): 449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2020-4-449-464.
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Objective: To increase the energy effi ciency of the Russian multi-unit rolling stock of railways by installing electric energy storage devices. Methods: The goal is achieved by applying integrated approach method to the problem of multi-unit rolling stock energy efficiency, with focus on the practical signifi cance and economic feasibility of the results. Results: The solutions produced can serve as a basic concept for the modernization of domestic rolling stock. Practical importance: Concepts of an electric train with electric energy storage units based on Russian electric trains have been developed in order to increase their energy efficiency.
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PASHKOV, Nikolai N. "EQUATION OF MOTION MAGNETIC LEVITATION ROLLING STOCK." Transportation systems and technology 1, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20151159-69.
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This article deals with the problem of control the trajectory of the crew magnetic levitation relative trajectory of the software regarding the track structure of the perturbation of the gravitational and magnetic fields levitation systems, lateral stabilization and traction. The crew is presented as a system of rigid bodies, whose motion is subject to gravitational and electromagnetic forces. The spatial displacement with limited powers of levitation and lateral stabilization regarding a discrete track structure are selected by drawing up the estimated equations of the dynamics of the crew as inertial coordinates of the centers of mass of solids. The coordinates of any point on the carriage in a local coordinate system are converted in the coordinate system associated with the center of mass of the crew to bring the point of application of external force to the center of mass of the crew. A general model of the dynamics of the crew is based on the equation of Lagrange-Maxwell which binds to the active mass of the external forces of gravity that govern the electromagnetic force, the force of inertia and friction. The kinetic energy of the mechanical system is defined by the velocity projections on the axis of the fixed coordinate system as a quadratic form. The crew simulated magneto elastic coupling with the track structure changing the potential energy of magnetic levitation and lateral stabilization at the deformation of the object or the displacement and rotation of the center of mass of the crew in three-dimensional space. The inverse problem of dynamics is solved to determine the control forces for a given trajectory of the crew magnetic levitation. The equations of motion the crew on a magnetic cushion are linearized regarding increments relative coordinates of the centers of mass of the crew vector and presented in the form of equations of the phase space of states.
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Farida Agustini, W., Ika Restu Affianti, and Endah RM Putri. "Stock price prediction using geometric Brownian motion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 974 (March 2018): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/974/1/012047.
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Kawazoe, Takeshi. "Technologies on high-speed electric rolling stock." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 107, no. 3 (1987): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.107.358.
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Sunthornwat, Rapin, and Yupaporn Areepong. "Forecasting Cyclical and Non-cyclical Stock Prices on the Stock Exchange of Thailand." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 550–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n5.2175.
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Forecasting is an important role in organizations for decision making and planning. This research is to forecast the cyclical and non-cyclical weekly stock prices on the Stock Exchange of Thailand by using the models of Geometric Brownian motion, Fourier’s series, and Cauchy initial value problem. The accuracy and performance of the models are based on the minimum root mean squared percentage error which is the error between actual and forecasted stock prices. The results showed that Geometric Brownian motion is suitable for forecasting both cyclical and non-cyclical stock prices because of minimum error. Moreover, the confidence intervals of forecasted stock prices are demonstrated. Therefore, Geometric Brownian motion should be selected to describe the movement of stock prices in Thailand.
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Marino, Luca, and Alice Cicirello. "Experimental investigation of a single-degree-of-freedom system with Coulomb friction." Nonlinear Dynamics 99, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 1781–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-05443-2.
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AbstractThis paper presents an experimental investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDoF) system with a metal-to-metal contact under harmonic base or joined base-wall excitation. The experimental results are compared with those yielded by mathematical models based on a SDoF system with Coulomb damping. While previous experiments on friction-damped systems focused on the characterisation of the friction force, the proposed approach investigates the steady response of a SDoF system when different exciting frequencies and friction forces are applied. The experimental set-up consists of a single-storey building, where harmonic excitation is imposed on a base plate and a friction contact is achieved between a steel top plate and a brass disc. The experimental results are expressed in terms of displacement transmissibility, phase angle and top plate motion in the time and frequency domains. Both continuous and stick-slip motions are investigated. The main results achieved in this paper are: (1) the development of an experimental set-up capable of reproducing friction damping effects on a harmonically excited SDoF system; (2) the validation of the analytical model introduced by Marino et al. (Nonlinear Dyn, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-04983-x) and, particularly, the inversion of the transmissibility curves in the joined base-wall motion case; (3) the systematic observation of stick-slip phenomena and their validation with numerical results.
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Istomin, Stanislav, Artem Perestenko, and Cong Dang. "Development of the system of visual control of electric power consumption by electric rolling stock." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901035.
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The paper considers the issue of organization of control of electric power consumption by electric rolling stock by visualizing information on the monitor of the driver's console. With the correct analysis of information coming on board of the electric rolling stock, the train driver makes correction of the driving modes of the train in terms of energy efficiency. In this paper, to visualize information on the efficiency of power consumption by an electric rolling stock on the route, the authors propose using an indicator diagram using a green, white, and orange gradient. The variant of output of the final information on the efficiency of power consumption of electrical energy by an electric rolling stock both within the distances operated by the locomotive crews and within the hauls to the monitor of the driver's console is presented. One of the main advantages of using the technology of visual control of electric power consumption by electric rolling stock is the promptness of correction of decision-making on the rational use of energy resources, the identification of objective reasons for the overspending of energy, and the identification of reference results for the driving of trains. The prospect of development of the research topic is the approbation and implementation of the proposed technical and technological solutions in the production, which will reduce the specific consumption and unproductive electric power losses within the boundaries of the railway accounting zones.
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Smirnov, N. Ed. "Dislocation Motion in an Electric Field." Moscow University Physics Bulletin 73, no. 6 (November 2018): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027134918060231.
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MEDEBACH, M., and T. PALBERG. "Colloidal crystal motion in electric fields." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 222, no. 1-3 (July 30, 2003): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(03)00220-6.
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S, Nakkeeran. "Solenoid Motion System for Electric Vehicle." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 4 (July 20, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i4/pr190158.
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Koh, KL, C. Montgomery, D. Clarke, EL Morley, and D. Robert. "Bumblebee hair motion in electric fields." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1322 (October 2019): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1322/1/012001.
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Hickey, Joseph D., Loree Heller, Richard Heller, and Richard Gilbert. "Electric field mediated DNA motion model." Bioelectrochemistry 70, no. 1 (January 2007): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.03.007.
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Liétor-Santos, J. J., and A. Fernández-Nieves. "Motion of microgels in electric fields." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 147-148 (March 2009): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.07.003.
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Sulym, A. "A METHODOLOGY TO SELECT ASYNCHRONOUS TRACTION ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR INNOVATIVE METRO ROLLING STOCK." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 37 (June 29, 2021): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-37-11.
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The paper deals with the justification of the need to use an asynchronous traction electric drive on the metro rolling stock. The advantages of using an asynchronous traction electric drive in comparison with a DC commutator motor drive are formulated. The characteristics of modern innovative metro rolling stock with asynchronous traction electric drive of domestic and foreign production are analyzed. Aspects of the choice of a variable frequency asynchronous traction electric drive for innovative rolling stock are formulated and the existing typical algorithm of such choice is given. The main reasons for the irrational choice of traction asynchronous electric drive for the metro rolling stock are considered and the consequences of such a choice are analyzed. It is proposed to improve the methodology for selecting a variable frequency traction asynchronous electric drive for the metro rolling stock in terms of such an important operational factor as the specific cost of electrical energy for traction. The rational parameters of the variable frequency asynchronous traction electric drive according to the proposed procedure for the specified characteristics of the metro rolling stock are specified. The reserves of energy savings for the given conditions due to the introduction of an asynchronous traction electric drive with rational parameters on the innovative rolling stock are determined. It is established that the efficiency factor of the asynchronous traction motor significantly affects the specific electric energy consumption for the metro rolling stock traction and operating costs.
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Jiang, Aiping, Junjun Gao, Qiuguo Chi, and Sixian Zheng. "The Effects of the Correlation of Electric Materials on Forecasting and Stock Control." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 22 (August 30, 2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n22p107.
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Forecasting and stock control play an important role in the electric companies because outstanding forecasting and stock control increase service level obviously and decrease stock cost effectively. However, the majority of the electric materials are intermittent demand, resulting in poor forecasting and stock control performance. Therefore, exploring the reasons that affect forecasting performance and stock control is necessary. This paper explores the effects of the correlation of intermittent electric materials on forecasting and stock control. First, we divide the correlation into three categories: autocorrelation in demand sizes, autocorrelation in intervals and cross-correlation between demand size and interval. Forecasting by SBA approach and using periodic dynamic inventory strategy (T, S) to control stock, exploring the effects of these three correlations on forecast accuracy, stock cost and service level. The data shows that correlations of electric materials affect their forecasting and stock control, which will help company find more accurate forecast approach and lower the cost of stock in the future.
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Brătian, Vasile, Ana-Maria Acu, Camelia Oprean-Stan, Emil Dinga, and Gabriela-Mariana Ionescu. "Efficient or Fractal Market Hypothesis? A Stock Indexes Modelling Using Geometric Brownian Motion and Geometric Fractional Brownian Motion." Mathematics 9, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9222983.
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In this article, we propose a test of the dynamics of stock market indexes typical of the US and EU capital markets in order to determine which of the two fundamental hypotheses, efficient market hypothesis (EMH) or fractal market hypothesis (FMH), best describes market behavior. The article’s major goal is to show how to appropriately model return distributions for financial market indexes, specifically which geometric Brownian motion (GBM) and geometric fractional Brownian motion (GFBM) dynamic equations best define the evolution of the S&P 500 and Stoxx Europe 600 stock indexes. Daily stock index data were acquired from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database during a ten-year period, from January 2011 to December 2020. The main contribution of this work is determining whether these markets are efficient (as defined by the EMH), in which case the appropriate stock indexes dynamic equation is the GBM, or fractal (as described by the FMH), in which case the appropriate stock indexes dynamic equation is the GFBM. In this paper, we consider two methods for calculating the Hurst exponent: the rescaled range method (RS) and the periodogram method (PE). To determine which of the dynamics (GBM, GFBM) is more appropriate, we employed the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) method. The simulation results demonstrate that the GFBM is better suited for forecasting stock market indexes than the GBM when the analyzed markets display fractality. However, while these findings cannot be generalized, they are verisimilar.