Relevant bibliographies by topics / Motion of an electric stock

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Motion of an electric stock'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Motion of an electric stock"

1

Shlendov, Igor'. "Energy Unit Expenses of Trains with Asynchronous Electric Drive." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2022-1-118-128.

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Objective: The assessment of energy effectiveness of traction drives for carriages of rolling stock models 81-765/766/767 and 81-556/557/558 (“NEVA”) from various producers and drafting technical requirements for drive electric equipment. Stock 81-765/766/767 uses asynchronous engine of 170 kW wattage and 43 Hz field rated frequency, 81-556/557/558 — 167 kW with 70 Hz rated frequency. Methods: The comparative analysis of drive energy indicators of trains with asynchronous electric drives has been accomplished in accordance with the calculation methodology. Measuring section was set in accordance with GOST P 50850-96. There are defined the assumptions at motion of rolling stock with equal maximal acceleration in a runaway and maximal deceleration in a braking and constant deceleration in a run-out. Maximal acceleration and deceleration were calculated incompliance adhesion set coefficient, grip weight (mass of motor cars) and moment of inertia. The calculation by method of analytical integration of motion differential equation was held on runaway five intervals. Initial technical data of trains with rated load as well as calculated indicators at train motion on measuring section were accepted. Diagrams of train motion on section were built and comparative analysis of characteristics of stock carriage models 81-765/766/767 and 81-556/557/558 (“NEVA”) was pursued. Results: It was established during the comparison that engine overload by torque on shaft is the same with 1.5 coefficient to rated torque. Stocks have significantly different indicators as by unit expenses as well as by motion dynamics. It’s been also established that for to minimize energy costs for traction it’s required to develop maximally allowable deceleration at braking and maximally allowable acceleration at runaway. Practical importance: The necessity of entry into Technical Task for new rolling stock of the requirement on stock check on runaway possibility with maximal set acceleration.
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Cheremisin, Vasily, Stanislav Istomin, and Artem Perestenko. "Artificial intelligence methods to control the energy efficiency of electric rolling stock online." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 05046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017505046.

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The international practices in organizing the energy consumption control of electric rolling stock are analyzed. As a result, it was concluded that currently the issue of organizing the energy consumption control of electric rolling stock is mainly solved by using analytical methods. These methods are based on designing the simulation models, which are usually based on the Pontryagin maximum principle. However, considering the development of recording systems for motion parameters of electric rolling stock, as well as other automated systems of Russian Railways, it seems promising to develop and study artificial intelligence methods and algorithms for solving real-time monitoring issues of electric rolling stock energy consumption. It was also determined that the most modern motion parameter recorders have a number of significant drawbacks from the data analysis point of view. Such drawbacks include insufficient data and their low reliability, lack of linking the recorded data to trips and locomotive teams, the impossibility of choosing a constant interval for recording measurement results. Moreover, there is also high probability of errors when recording data on the cartridge, lack of GPS/GLONASS satellite navigation system, lack of wireless data transmission, imperfection of software and inconvenience of exporting data from a cartridge file and its incompleteness. In order to test the energy efficiency assessment of electric rolling stock within the limits of arbitrary energy tracking areas, the Corresponding software was developed on the basis of data from the motion parameters recorders. However, developing the new complex automated system is required for the full implementation of the proposed consumption tracking method. Such system should combine the entire set of measured parameters, both for electric rolling stock and for the traction power supply system.
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Sulym, A., and P. Khozia. "MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY PROCESSES IN ELECTRIC ROLLING STOCK WITH ON-BOARD ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 38 (December 24, 2021): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-38-63-6.

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The article deals with the main existing strategies for management strategy of energy exchange processes in the electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storage devices. When considering strategies, it is assumed that the onboard capacitive storage has low power and capacitance. Therefore, this capacitor storage is not able to accept the full amount of regenerative braking energy of the electric rolling stock. The purpose of the paper is to consider and analyze management strategies for energy exchange processes in the electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storages; to define the advantages and disadvantages of each of the existing strategies and propose a concept for the effective management of energy exchange processes in the electric rolling stock. The block diagram of electric rolling stock with the onboard capacitive energy storage which is used for the analysis of management strategies for energy exchange processes is presented. The modes of operation of electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storages are described. Five main strategies for management of energy exchange processes on the electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storages are determined. The advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are set out taking into account the given conditions (characteristics of the electric rolling stock, conditions of the rolling stock motion, oscillograph charts, etc.). The general advantages and shortcomings of each strategy are defined, which allowed to propose the concept of creating an adaptive strategy for managing energy exchange processes in electric rolling stock with onboard capacitive energy storages. The main concept of this management strategy is to implement efficient energy exchange between the traction equipment, the onboard capacitive energy storage, the overhead contact system, both in normal and emergency modes of traction power supply, taking into account the dynamics of energy exchange processes in the overhead contact system, which will generally allow safety and energy efficiency of the transportation process. The obtained research results will contribute to the development and implementation of effective strategies for managing energy exchange processes in the electric rolling stock.
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Tomilov, Valeriy Viktorovich, Sandugash Myrzabekovna Utepbergenova, and Oleg Alexeevich Sidorov. "Pantograph cooling system mathematical model during motion of the railway electric transport." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-2-86-92.

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Uneven heating of the pantograph slide is the reason for limiting the pantograph removal of the maximum permissible long-term current from the contact network. The highest heating point is observed in the center of the pantograph head relative to the path axis, which can be taken into account when developing a pantograph slide cooling device. Existing models of the thermal state of the pantograph slide do not describe the transient modes of distributed heating of a closed-type structure (euro pantograph head) as a result of the impact of a contact wire in the plan when moving a rolling stock. Existing methods for calculating the heating of the pantograph slide require the use of special programs for the development of its three-dimensional model and significant power of electronic computers. The paper presents a mathematical model euro pantograph head standard design and are equipped with passive cooling system the center through the frame device of the confuser type, which can calculate the load characteristics of the pantograph slide, to evaluate the reduction of uneven heating of its design and to determine the maximal permissible continuous current of the pantograph.
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Domin, Rostyslav, Iurii Domin, and Ganna Cherniak. "Estimation of dynamic performances of the safe operation of high-speed electric train." Archives of Transport 41, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7374.

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The process of implementation of new developments, in particular, new generation rolling stock holds a prominent place among the range of measures for organization of high-speed passenger rail transportation in Ukraine. The example of permission for use and the initial phase of work with interregional NRCS2 dual-mode electric trains produced by Hyundai-Rotem Corporation is the illustrative one in this context. Due to the detection of macro-cracks in bolster beams of the car body frames of these electric trains, namely in the areas of mounting of anti-yaw dampers, these trains were taken out of service until the completion of the modernization of problematic nodes. The comprehensive study on the determination of the safety parameters of electric trains was conducted to determine the causes of destruction of bolster beams. At the same time, bolster beams loading was estimated depending on the characteristics of anti-yaw dampers by means of computer simulation of the dynamics of motion of trailing and motor cars. The feasibility of selection of parameters for anti-yaw dampers mounted on electric train cars was assessed. The results of work will improve the safe operation of high-speed trains and increase the efficiency of estimates regarding the loading of bearing structures of underframes of the of rolling stock.
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Falendysh, Anatoly, Volodymyr Dzhus, Olha Kletska, Oleg Kosariev, and Jan Dizo. "Model for building traction information of suburban rolling stock on hydrogen fuel." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929401010.

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The materials consider the possibility of using hydrogen as a fuel for suburban rolling stock in Ukraine. The analysis of the use of hydrogen fuel in transport in various countries of the world is carried out. One of the main stages of calculating the rolling stock is the construction of its traction characteristic, which largely depends on the type of power plant. Therefore, a model has been developed for constructing traction characteristics of a suburban rolling stock when it is converted to hydrogen fuel. For this purpose, an analysis of power equipment with an energy source from a polymer of an exchange membrane fuel cell and methods of connecting their batteries to blocks is done. The scheme of power transmission for the rolling stock is proposed and its efficiency coefficient is preliminarily calculated. The main technical indicators of suburban rolling stock in Ukraine at the moment and using proton-exchange membrane fuel cells on it are considered. Preliminary consideration is given to the operation parameters of the electric circuit of the rolling stock under various modes of its motion. The traction characteristic of a suburban mobile suction on hydrogen fuel is constructed. The proposed model is implemented in the software product MathLab.
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Hascoet, J. Y., K. P. Karunakaran, and S. Marya. "Additive Manufacturing Viewed from Material Science: State of the Art & Fundamentals." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2284.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM), also designated as 3D Printing (3DP), is one of the most visionary and friendly approaches for flexible manufacturing with conservation of energy and material resources. It is a factory in a box that can generate multiple objects. It requires little manpower to bring virtual innovations into the real world. AM for metals can be mechanistically associated with welding. The technique employs a variety of energy sources (laser, electron beam, electric Arc, ...), feed stocks (powder, wire and ribbon) and motion kinematics & control (articulated robot and 3-5 axes CNC machine ). From the materials perspectives, akin to fusion welding in many respects, AM involves a multitude of complex and interacting physical phenomena such as heat transfer, fluid flow, discrete and continuum mechanics, sintering, melting, solidification, solid state transformations, grain growth, diffusion, textures etc. The desired process performance can be achieved by controlling the parameters of energy, feed stock and motion. The effect of successive thermal cycles along with the epitaxial relations between substratum and deposits constitute some of the challenging tasks for developing optimized parts. This paper reviews the state of the art and presents some challenges facing metal product development for service applications.
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Hascoet, J. Y., K. P. Karunakaran, and Surendar Marya. "Additive Manufacturing Viewed from Material Science: State of the Art & Fundamentals." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2347.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM), also designated as 3D Printing (3DP), is one of the mostvisionary and friendly approaches for flexible manufacturing with conservation of energy andmaterial resources. It is a factory in a box that can generate multiple objects. It requires littlemanpower to bring virtual innovations into the real world. AM for metals can be mechanisticallyassociated with welding. The technique employs a variety of energy sources (laser, electron beam,electric Arc, …), feed stocks (powder, wire and ribbon) and motion kinematics & control(articulated robot and 3-5 axes CNC machine ). From the materials perspectives, akin to fusionwelding in many respects, AM involves a multitude of complex and interacting physical phenomenasuch as heat transfer, fluid flow, discrete and continuum mechanics, sintering, melting,solidification, solid state transformations, grain growth, diffusion, textures etc. The desired processperformance can be achieved by controlling the parameters of energy, feed stock and motion. Theeffect of successive thermal cycles along with the epitaxial relations between substratum anddeposits constitute some of the challenging tasks for developing optimized parts. This paper reviewsthe state of the art and presents some challenges facing metal product development for serviceapplications.
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Yu, Yue Min. "Design and Analysis of a Micro-Motion Platform Based on Flexible Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1543.

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Piezoelectric materials is a kind of the most common smart materials whose geometric shape can be related to an energy input in the form of electric field. In the application of active materials to electromechanical energy conversion, electrical energy may be input to the material and the resulting deformation of the material can be used to move a load. In this paper, a micro-motion platform is designed based straight circular flexure hinge and driven through piezoelectric ceramic stack. The calculation formula of the natural frequency of the new micro-motion platform structure is derived. From the analysis, the deformation and stress of it are all under allowed value of 65Mn. The results indicate that, the micro-motion platform all are satisfy the need of design.
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Smerdin, Alexander, Yury Demin, and Alexander Ryzhkov. "Improvement of the method of calculation of the parameters of the universal current collector with the increased motion speeds." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901040.

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The paper considers the main stages of development of a computer model of current collectors of an electric rolling stock. The original description of the kinematic scheme of a universal measuring current collector with the subsequent implementation of mathematical model in Matlab SimMechanics environment is offered. The model is based on the use of the method of homogeneous coordinates to represent the kinematic scheme of the current collector. It is shown that the computer model accurately and adequately describes the processes occurring with the current collector, is a universal instrument for simulating any types of current collectors, allows changing a wide range of parameters and characteristics incorporated in it.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motion of an electric stock"

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Петренко, Олександр Миколайович. "Наукові основи вибору оптимальних параметрів та режимів роботи систем охолодження асинхронних тягових двигунів електротранспорту." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/35301.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.22.09 "Електротранспорт" - Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут" МОН України, Харків, 2018. Дисертація присвячена створенню наукових основ щодо вибору оптимальних параметрів та режимів роботи систем охолодження асинхронних тягових двигунів електротранспорту. Розроблений алгоритм рішення рівняння Гамільтона-Якобі-Беллмана для задачі руху електрорухомого складу на ділянці шляху із заданим профілем і графіком руху, що дозволяє створити експертну систему управління рухом. Особливостями цього алгоритму є застосування штрафних функцій для опису обмежень, що накладаються графіком руху: досягнення потягом кінцевого пункту за заданий час руху, обмеження швидкості на ділянках шляху, а також відсутність простоїв потягу в процесі руху. Єдиний підхід штрафних функцій застосований також для введення обмежень по зчепленню. Такий підхід дозволяє значно понизити витрати розрахункового часу і спростити процедури розрахунку витрат енергії. Створена математична модель для визначення ефективності тягового приводу. Модель включає в себе визначення основних втрат у асинхронного тягового двигуна з урахуванням насичення магнітної системи, що визначається за результатами вирішення рекурентного нелінійного рівняння. Також у моделі враховані втрати від вищих гармонік напруги в міді та сталі, а також механічні та додаткові втрати. В розробленій моделі враховуються статичні та динамічні втрати у IGBT транзисторах та діодах напівпровідникового перетворювача. Розроблено метод оптимізації параметрів та режимів роботи систем охолодження асинхронних тягових двигунів електрорухомого складу, якій складається з наступних основних етапів: визначення оптимальних режимів роботи тягового приводу на основі запропонованого виразу ефективності тягового приводу; визначення оптимальних режимів руху електрорухомого складу за критерієм мінімуму витрат; вирішення тягової задачі руху на ділянці колії с заданим графіком руху та профілем колії, а також визначенням залежності зміни втрат в елементах тягового двигуна за часом; вибору параметрів та режимів роботи систем охолодження тягових двигунів, які обумовлюють ефективність системи охолодження та вентиляції електрорухомого складу; вирішення задачі умовної мінімізації системи охолодження тягового двигуна за модернізованим критерієм економічної ефективності на основі методу Вейля за узагальненим золотим перетином та задачі аналізу системи вентиляції і охолодження тягових двигунів, яка створена на базі математичної моделі теплових режимів двигуна за узагальненою еквівалентною тепловою схемою.
Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Engineering in specialty 05.22.09 "Electric transport " - National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" MES of Ukraine, Kharkov, 2018. The thesis is devoted to the creation of scientific foundations for the selection of optimal parameters and operating modes for cooling systems for asynchronous traction motors of electric transport. An algorithm for solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation for the problem of the motion of an electric stock on a section of a track with a given profile and a traffic schedule is developed. That makes it possible to create an expert control system for motion. Features of this algorithm is the use of penalty functions to describe the restrictions imposed by the traffic schedule: the train reaches the destination point for a given driving time, the speed limit on the sections of the track, and the absence of train idle time during the movement. A single approach to penalty functions is also applied to introduce constraints on the adhesion. This approach allows to reduce significantly the costs of the estimated time and to simplify the procedures for calculating energy costs. A mathematical model is created to determine the efficiency of the traction drive. The model includes the determination of the main losses in an asynchronous traction motor, taking into account the saturation of the magnetic system, which is determined by the results of solving a recurrent nonlinear equation. Also, the model takes into account losses from higher harmonic stresses in copper and steel, mechanical and additional losses. The developed model takes into account static and dynamic losses in IGBT transistors and diodes of a semiconductor converter. A method for optimizing the parameters and operating modes of cooling systems for asynchronous traction motors of the electric stock is developed. It consists of the following main stages: determination of the optimum mode of the traction drive operation on the basis of the proposed expression of its efficiency; determination of optimum modes of movement of the electric stock by the criterion of minimum costs; solution of the traction problem of motion on a section of the track with a specified traffic schedule and the track profile, as well as the determination of the dependence of the change in losses in the elements of asynchronous traction engines in time; choice of parameters and operation modes of cooling systems for asynchronous traction motors, which determine the efficiency of the cooling and ventilation system of the electric stock; solution of the problem of relative minimization of the cooling system for asynchronous traction motors with a modernized criterion of economic efficiency based on the Weil method on the generalized golden section and the problem of analyzing the ventilation and cooling system of traction motors, which is based on the mathematical model of thermal motor conditions by the generalized equivalent thermal scheme.
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Петренко, Олександр Миколайович. "Наукові основи вибору оптимальних параметрів та режимів роботи систем охолодження асинхронних тягових двигунів електротранспорту." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/35328.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.22.09 "Електротранспорт" - Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут" МОН України, Харків, 2018. Дисертація присвячена створенню наукових основ щодо вибору оптимальних параметрів та режимів роботи систем охолодження асинхронних тягових двигунів електротранспорту. Розроблений алгоритм рішення рівняння Гамільтона-Якобі-Беллмана для задачі руху електрорухомого складу на ділянці шляху із заданим профілем і графіком руху, що дозволяє створити експертну систему управління рухом. Особливостями цього алгоритму є застосування штрафних функцій для опису обмежень, що накладаються графіком руху: досягнення потягом кінцевого пункту за заданий час руху, обмеження швидкості на ділянках шляху, а також відсутність простоїв потягу в процесі руху. Єдиний підхід штрафних функцій застосований також для введення обмежень по зчепленню. Такий підхід дозволяє значно понизити витрати розрахункового часу і спростити процедури розрахунку витрат енергії. Створена математична модель для визначення ефективності тягового приводу. Модель включає в себе визначення основних втрат у асинхронного тягового двигуна з урахуванням насичення магнітної системи, що визначається за результатами вирішення рекурентного нелінійного рівняння. Також у моделі враховані втрати від вищих гармонік напруги в міді та сталі, а також механічні та додаткові втрати. В розробленій моделі враховуються статичні та динамічні втрати у IGBT транзисторах та діодах напівпровідникового перетворювача. Розроблено метод оптимізації параметрів та режимів роботи систем охолодження асинхронних тягових двигунів електрорухомого складу, якій складається з наступних основних етапів: визначення оптимальних режимів роботи тягового приводу на основі запропонованого виразу ефективності тягового приводу; визначення оптимальних режимів руху електрорухомого складу за критерієм мінімуму витрат; вирішення тягової задачі руху на ділянці колії с заданим графіком руху та профілем колії, а також визначенням залежності зміни втрат в елементах тягового двигуна за часом; вибору параметрів та режимів роботи систем охолодження тягових двигунів, які обумовлюють ефективність системи охолодження та вентиляції електрорухомого складу; вирішення задачі умовної мінімізації системи охолодження тягового двигуна за модернізованим критерієм економічної ефективності на основі методу Вейля за узагальненим золотим перетином та задачі аналізу системи вентиляції і охолодження тягових двигунів, яка створена на базі математичної моделі теплових режимів двигуна за узагальненою еквівалентною тепловою схемою.
Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Engineering in specialty 05.22.09 "Electric transport " - National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" MES of Ukraine, Kharkov, 2018. The thesis is devoted to the creation of scientific foundations for the selection of optimal parameters and operating modes for cooling systems for asynchronous traction motors of electric transport. An algorithm for solving the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation for the problem of the motion of an electric stock on a section of a track with a given profile and a traffic schedule is developed. That makes it possible to create an expert control system for motion. Features of this algorithm is the use of penalty functions to describe the restrictions imposed by the traffic schedule: the train reaches the destination point for a given driving time, the speed limit on the sections of the track, and the absence of train idle time during the movement. A single approach to penalty functions is also applied to introduce constraints on the adhesion. This approach allows to reduce significantly the costs of the estimated time and to simplify the procedures for calculating energy costs. A mathematical model is created to determine the efficiency of the traction drive. The model includes the determination of the main losses in an asynchronous traction motor, taking into account the saturation of the magnetic system, which is determined by the results of solving a recurrent nonlinear equation. Also, the model takes into account losses from higher harmonic stresses in copper and steel, mechanical and additional losses. The developed model takes into account static and dynamic losses in IGBT transistors and diodes of a semiconductor converter. A method for optimizing the parameters and operating modes of cooling systems for asynchronous traction motors of the electric stock is developed. It consists of the following main stages: determination of the optimum mode of the traction drive operation on the basis of the proposed expression of its efficiency; determination of optimum modes of movement of the electric stock by the criterion of minimum costs; solution of the traction problem of motion on a section of the track with a specified traffic schedule and the track profile, as well as the determination of the dependence of the change in losses in the elements of asynchronous traction engines in time; choice of parameters and operation modes of cooling systems for asynchronous traction motors, which determine the efficiency of the cooling and ventilation system of the electric stock; solution of the problem of relative minimization of the cooling system for asynchronous traction motors with a modernized criterion of economic efficiency based on the Weil method on the generalized golden section and the problem of analyzing the ventilation and cooling system of traction motors, which is based on the mathematical model of thermal motor conditions by the generalized equivalent thermal scheme.
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Young, Colleen. "Motion Sensing Behaviour in Weakly Electric Fish." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30385.

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Weakly electric fish use of a self-generated electric field to probe their environment, this behaviour is known as electrolocation. This study investigated two aspects of electrolocation in two species of knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus and Eigenmannia virescens). First, we characterized the ability to track moving objects and found that tracking performance did not differ among speeds tested in either species. Second, we characterized a motion-related cue for distance perception, similar to visual parallax, for which rapidly moving objects would be perceived as closer than slowly moving objects. During tracking experiments, the fish remained centered between the moving objects. We hypothesized that the fish use electrosensory parallax to perform this centering behaviour. Thus, we predicted that if one object moved slightly slower than the other, the fish would perceive the slower-moving object as farther away, and would move towards the slower object to remain “centered.” Indeed, our results supported our hypothesis with E. virescens moving towards the slower object to an extent that increased with the relative decrease in speed.
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Jansen, Eckart Werner. "Electric micromotor with integrated rotor motion sensors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41349.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-185).
by Eckart Werner Jansen.
Ph.D.
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5

Yu, Zitian. "Integrated Estimation and Motion Control for Electric Vehicles." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531778655719369.

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Lidén, Joel. "Stock Price Predictions using a Geometric Brownian Motion." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad matematik och statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353586.

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7

Arjunan, Shankar. "Design of a piezo-electric actuated micro-motion manipulator." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19408.

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ASSIS, PEDRO FERREIRA DA COSTA BLOIS DE. "ATTITUDE CONTROL OF AN ELECTRIC ROBOTIC VEHICLE DURING BALLISTIC MOTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23035@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Controle de estabilidade é uma técnica aplicada para aumentar a segurança em veículos automotivos. Ele compreende não apenas controle de guinada como controle de rolagem, principalmente em veículos altos como caminhões. Uma tendência na indústria automobilística já consagrada em sistemas robóticos de exploração são os veículos elétricos que possuem motores elétricos independentes em cada roda. Sua característica de não emitir qualquer poluente os torna ambientalmente atraentes e, devido à forma de atuação, tendem a ser mecanicamente menos complexos. Os controles de estabilidade atuais visam prevenir que o veículo chegue a uma situação de instabilidade. No entanto, veículos em alta velocidade que encontrem obstáculos nos terrenos podem perder o contato com o solo. Nessa situação, os controles de estabilidade atuais nada podem fazer para garantir um retorno seguro para o terreno. Este trabalho apresenta um algoritmo de detecção de descolamento da roda para identificação do início da fase balística e consequente determinação da ação necessária para aumentar as chances de um retorno seguro ao chão. São usados apenas sensores de corrente e velocidade dos motores para a detecção. O controle por roda de reação é aplicado ao veículo para estabilização durante a fase balística. O algoritmo também é capaz de estimar o torque externo aplicado sobre a roda usando os mesmo sensores utilizados para o controle de torque dos motores, tornando a técnica uma ferramenta sem custos adicionais ao sistema. Os algoritmos de controle e detecção apresentados foram testados experimentalmente e em um simulador desenvolvido para a pesquisa usando o modelo de um veículo robótico de sessenta quilogramas com quatro rodas independentes atuadas por meio de motores elétricos de corrente contínua. Os resultados obtidos mostram o potencial da técnica para futuras aplicações.
Stability control is a known algorithm used to increase safety in passenger vehicles. It comprises not only yaw control but rollover as well, mainly in vehicles with high centers of gravity. Another already established trend in the automobile industry are electric vehicles with independently driven wheels. Its zero-emitting qualities have made them environmentally attractive and, due to their drivetrain design, they tend to be mechanically less complex. Stability controls used nowadays work to prevent the vehicle from reaching unstable situations. Nonetheless, high speed vehicles hitting obstacles may lose contact with the ground. In these situations, none of the existing stability controls can guarantee safe landing during ballistic motion. This work presents an algorithm for flying wheel detection to help identify ballistic motion tendencies and therefore determine the appropriate action to increase the odds of a safe landing. Current sensors and encoders are used by the algorithm. A reaction wheel based control is proposed to stabilize and adjust the pitch angle during ballistic motion and set up the vehicle to a better position to return to land. The flying wheel detection algorithm can also estimate external torques acting on the wheel using the same sensors already installed in the motor for current control, making it a costless technique. The detection algorithm and pitch control algorithm presented were tested experimentally and in a simulator developed for the research. The results show the potential of the algorithms presented for future implementations.
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Mochizuki, Koki. "Vortex motion studies of superconductors using mechanical oscillators /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Wendt, Martin. "Experimental Investigations of Wave Motion and Electric Resistance in Collisionfree Plasmas." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3199.

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Books on the topic "Motion of an electric stock"

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Zuev, Sergey, Ruslan Maleev, and Aleksandr Chernov. Energy efficiency of electrical equipment systems of autonomous objects. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1740252.

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When considering the main trends in the development of modern autonomous objects (aircraft, combat vehicles, motor vehicles, floating vehicles, agricultural machines, etc.) in recent decades, two key areas can be identified. The first direction is associated with the improvement of traditional designs of autonomous objects (AO) with an internal combustion engine (ICE) or a gas turbine engine (GTD). The second direction is connected with the creation of new types of joint-stock companies, namely electric joint-stock companies( EAO), joint-stock companies with combined power plants (AOKEU). The energy efficiency is largely determined by the power of the generator set and the battery, which is given to the electrical network in various driving modes. Most of the existing methods for calculating power supply systems use the average values of disturbing factors (generator speed, current of electric energy consumers, voltage in the on-board network) when choosing the characteristics of the generator set and the battery. At the same time, it is obvious that when operating a motor vehicle, these parameters change depending on the driving mode. Modern methods of selecting the main parameters and characteristics of the power supply system do not provide for modeling its interaction with the power unit start-up system of a motor vehicle in operation due to the lack of a systematic approach. The choice of a generator set and a battery, as well as the concept of the synthesis of the power supply system is a problem studied in the monograph. For all those interested in electrical engineering and electronics.
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1958-, Barski Jacek, Ehrler Hanno, Museum Ostdeutsche Galerie Regensburg, and Muzeum Sztuki w. Łodzi, eds. Electric Motion: Christof Schläger. Regensburg: Museum Ostdeutsche Galerie, 2001.

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Evstaf'ev, Andrey, Mihail Izvarin, and Aleksandr Maznev. Dynamics of electric rolling stock. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013692.

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The textbook describes the physical foundations, theory, principles of selection and calculation of the main parameters of spring suspension schemes, discusses the issues of fitting crews into curves, vertical dynamics of the traction drive, the use of coupling weight and vibrations of electric rolling stock. It is intended for the training of certified specialists in the direction of "Railway rolling stock".
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Maznev, Aleksandr, and Oleg Shatnev. Electric apparatus and circuits of rolling stock. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014641.

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Provides information about technical data and design of electrical apparatus of control, monitoring and protection of traction motors of electric rolling stock (EPS), the principles of speed control of locomotives and trains with contactor-resistor and semiconductor converters based on modern element base, a circuit diagram of various types of EPS with manifold and induction motors in modes of traction and braking. For students of institutions of secondary professional education. It may be useful to students of higher educational institutions, courses of improvement of qualification, the railway workers related to the maintenance and repair of rolling stock.
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Evstaf'ev, Andrey, and Aleksandr Maznev. Design and dynamics of electric rolling stock. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014666.

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The physical foundations, theory, principles of selection and calculation of the main parameters of spring suspension schemes are presented, the issues of fitting crews into curves, the dynamics of traction drive, the use of coupling weight and vibrations of electric rolling stock, and the design features of modern locomotives are considered. For students and teachers, as well as anyone interested in this topic.
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A, Nasar S., ed. Linear motion electromagnetic systems. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Osak, Mitchell I. Motion control made simple. Woodbridge, Ont. (4300 Steeles Ave., W., Unit #39, Woodbridge L$L 4C2): Electromate Industrial Sales LTD., 1996.

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Chai, Hi-Dong. Electromechanical motion devices. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1998.

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Willen, Peter. Privatbahnen Berner Oberland, Mittelland und Nordwestschweiz. 2nd ed. Zürich: Orell Füssli, 1985.

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Gilbertson, Roger G. Motorless motion!: Working with shape memory wires. 2nd ed. San Anselmo, CA: Mondo-Tronics, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Motion of an electric stock"

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Karimov, Azar. "Stock Prices Follow a Brownian Motion." In Contributions to Management Science, 23–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65009-8_4.

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Fuchs, Ewald F., and Mohammad A. S. Masoum. "Rotating and Linear Motion Electric Machines." In Power Conversion of Renewable Energy Systems, 427–531. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7979-7_10.

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Bui, He-Thong, Le-Van Nguyen, Thanh-Nghi Ngo, Tuan-Sinh V. Nguyen, Anh-Ngoc T. Ho, and Qui-Tra Phan. "Improved Electric Wheelchair Controlled by Head Motion." In Research in Intelligent and Computing in Engineering, 121–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7527-3_12.

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Graziani, Augusto. "Money as Purchasing Power and Money as a Stock of Wealth in Keynesian Economic Thought." In Money in Motion, 139–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24525-3_6.

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Wang, Xuezhu, Xiangtao Zhuan, Guilin Zheng, and Zheng Chen. "Motion Dynamics Modelling of an Electric Wheel Robot." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 159–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16584-9_15.

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Piel, Alexander. "Single Particle Motion in Electric and Magnetic Fields." In Graduate Texts in Physics, 45–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63427-2_3.

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Piel, Alexander. "Single Particle Motion in Electric and Magnetic Fields." In Plasma Physics, 45–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10491-6_3.

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Szilagyi, Miklos. "Motion of Charged Particles in Electric and Magnetic Fields." In Electron and Ion Optics, 13–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0923-9_2.

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García-Vallejo, Daniel, Werner Schiehlen, and Alfonso García-Agúndez. "Dynamics, Control and Stability of Motion of Electric Scooters." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1199–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38077-9_139.

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Savov, V. N., E. S. Bogdanov, and Zh D. Georgiev. "Analysis of Induction Motors by Coupling of Transient Electromagnetic Field Equations, Circuit Equations and Motion Equations Using Finite Elements Method." In Electric and Magnetic Fields, 147–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1961-4_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Motion of an electric stock"

1

Nikolov, Dimitar, Nencho Nenov, and Desislava Yosifova. "RFID Electronic Sensor System for Rolling Stock Recognition in Motion." In 2018 41st International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2018.8443653.

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Stoynova, Anna, Nencho Nenov, Borislav Bonev, and Desislava Yosifova. "Electronic Sensor System for Monitoring the Temperature Status of Rolling Stock in Motion." In 2019 42nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2019.8810185.

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Morton, Scott A., and John E. Nydahl. "Field Tests of a Wind-Electric Controller for Parallel Stock Water Pumping and Heating." In ASME 2002 Wind Energy Symposium. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wind2002-66.

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Many of the improvements in wind-electric stock water pumping systems are attributable to advanced controller strategies and hardware that maximize performance over a range of wind speeds. The cost of the early and more complex controllers was of the order of one quarter of the whole system. Sophisticated yet inexpensive-programmable micro-controllers are now being introduced that enhance both performance and reliability. This study utilized a micro-programmable logic controller (PLC) to place a variable auxiliary load in the form of a stock water heater in parallel with the pump motor. This improves the system’s economic viability on the Northern High Plains by mitigating stock tank freezing to help extend the grazing season. For the variable auxiliary load, the PLC uses long period pulse width modulation to drive a 3-phase solid-state relay. This continuously variable load strategy was designed to both increase the power factor when the pump is operating, and to extract resistive heating power in wind regimes not suitable for operating the pump. This paper reports on the preliminary but encouraging field studies directed toward optimizing the low wind speed water heating performance of this multi-tasking controller when the pump motor is inoperable.
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Ryu, Keun, and Augustine Cavagnaro. "Predictions of Rotordynamic Performance for Electric Turbocompound." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69114.

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An electric turbocompound (ETC) system for heavy duty diesel engines offers significant system level benefits, such as improved fuel efficiency and reduced NOx emissions with a lower CO2 footprint. Presently, a high speed switched reluctance type motor/generator is integrated into a turbocharger shaft between the turbine and compressor wheels. The motor assists rapid acceleration of the turbocharger shaft, thereby rendering faster transient response. At steady or over-boost operating conditions, the generator provides electric power which can be used directly or stored in an on-board storage device. ETCs operate at high rotational speeds and, if equipped with fluid film bearings, use pressurized engine oil to lubricate the bearings (journal and thrust). This paper presents comprehensive predictions of the linear and nonlinear shaft motions of an ETC supported on floating ring bearings. A rotor structural finite element model integrates the floating ring bearing model for prediction of the rotor-bearing system (RBS) linear and nonlinear forced responses under actual operating conditions. Predictions show a complex rotordynamic behavior of the RBS with large amplitude subsynchronous motions over a wide speed range. However, the subsynchronous whirl motions reach a limit cycle enabling continuous operation without system failure. Most importantly, stiffness of the lamination stack mounted on the shaft has a significant effect on the amplitude and frequency content of the shaft motion. The present analysis effectively aids to accelerate ETC prototype development with increased reliability and product troubleshooting.
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Yano, M., T. Mizumura, and A. Kuramochi. "A New Energy Storage Systems for Railway Rolling Stock Using Transformers Connected in Series to Motor Windings." In 2007 IEEE International Electric Machines & Drives Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemdc.2007.383562.

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Zhang, Guoguang, Hui Zhang, Junmin Wang, Hai Yu, and Roger Graaf. "Actuator Fault Sensitivity Analysis for In-Wheel Motor Electric Ground Vehicle With Active Steering System." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6035.

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This paper presents the sensitivity analyses on vehicle motions with regard to faults of in-wheel motors and steering motor for an electric ground vehicle (EGV) with independently actuated in-wheel rear motors. Based on the vehicle model, direct method is applied to determine, to what extent, that different actuator faults affect vehicle motions such as the longitudinal velocity, lateral velocity, and yaw rate. For motion indices like vehicle sideslip angle and longitudinal acceleration, linearizations around equilibrium points are conducted and their sensitivities to actuator faults are analyzed. Results show that all mentioned vehicle motions are more sensitive to the fault of steering motor than that of in-wheel motors. In addition, the effects on vehicle motions due to four types of faults, i.e. additive, loss-of-effectiveness, time-varying-gain and stuck-at-fixed-level faults, are examined through CarSim® simulations and vehicle experiments under a representative maneuver.
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Van Tiem, Ryan A., Craig J. Hoff, and K. Joel Berry. "Modeling of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74139.

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This paper explains the method by which a small “Neighborhood” fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) was modeled using Matlab/Simulink and validated using National Instruments Data Acquisition equipment and a chassis dynamometer. The vehicle is a modified four-passenger Global Electric Motorcar (GEM), which was designed for city or neighborhood operation where maximum speed limits do not exceed 35 mph. The stock 72-Volt shunt wound GE motor is powered by six 12-Volt Trojan lead-acid batteries. The vehicle was converted to a FCHEV by integrating a Ballard Nexa™ fuel cell module and a Spectrodyne Systems DC-DC converter. These devices act as a constant current range extending supplemental power source. The goals of the creation of the model include predicting motor and battery performance while driving under transient conditions and predicting the range of the vehicle while using one or several fuel cell stacks.
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Achten, Peter, Jeroen Potma, and Sjoerd Eggenkamp. "A New Hydraulic Pump and Motor Test Bench for Extremely Low Operating Speeds." In ASME/BATH 2017 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2017-4232.

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Most test benches for hydraulic pumps and motors are designed for operating speeds of 500 rpm or higher. Worldwide, there are only a few test benches which allow measurements at near zero operating speeds or startup conditions. Low-speed testing is, however, of great importance for hydraulic motors, since the torque losses increase exponential at these conditions due to mixed lubrication and stick-slip effects. Low-speed operation is also important for hydraulic pumps which are used in electro-hydraulic actuators, in which the flow rate is controlled by the operating speed of the electric motors. Finally, measurements at low operating speeds can give detailed information about the pump or motor issues, since it is possible to measure the operation at many rotational positions of the rotating group, giving the ability to measure the losses of individual displacement volumes. This paper describes the design and operation of a new test bench for testing hydraulic pumps and motors at extremely low operating speeds, below 1 rpm.
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White, Darris, William Barott, J. E. McKisson, Kyle Freeman, Vincent Sabatini, and Mark Trussel. "Parametric Vehicle Dynamics and Emissions Analysis of a Crossover SUV." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90212.

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A team of students and faculty from Embry Riddle are participating in the DOE and GM sponsored EcoCAR Challenge. As part of this three year program, the Embry Riddle EcoEagles team, will design and build a power-split extended-range electric vehicle. This paper chronicles the first year of development, which includes a parametric study of each vehicle component and configuration, hardware-in-the-loop simulations and well-to-wheel emissions analysis and compliments works by other team members [1,2]. Key vehicle parameters that were evaluated included; fuel stock, driveline configuration, engine size, motor size, energy storage system size and control strategy. The team used a range of design tools to evaluate available components within space, time and financial constraints. Per the sponsor’s guidelines, the base vehicle was a Saturn Vue and the crush zones of the vehicle could not be modified. Using Siemens NX, a packaging analysis was conducted to determine which driveline configurations were viable options for this vehicle. Once the viable design space was established, each configuration was modeled using Argonne National Laboratory’s Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit and Matlab to determine predicted fuel economies. The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model was used to predict emissions for each configuration. Based on this analysis, an electric four-wheel-drive configuration was selected. On the front wheels, the vehicle is propelled in a compound hybrid configuration using a 1.3 liter diesel engine operating on B20 biodiesel and a 50kW electric motor. The rear wheels are propelled by a 55kW electric motor that is connected through the road to the engine. The combined electric power of 105kW and 320Volt, 11kW Battery Pack allows an all-electric operating range of approximately 20 miles. This configuration substantially reduces petroleum energy usage and improves fuel economy when compared to the stock vehicle. The predicted improvements are a 50% reduction in petroleum usage and a similar improvement in fuel economy.
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Nesbitt, Richard T., Sudhakar M. Pandit, and Christian M. Muehlfeld. "Powersplit Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control With Data Dependent Systems Forecasting." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42260.

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The focus of this paper is on the implementation of Data Dependent Systems (DDS) forecasting in to the control algorithm of the 2001 Michigan Tech Future Truck. The 2001 MTU Future Truck is a 2000 model year Chevrolet Suburban and utilizes a powersplit transmission, which is similar to the Toyota Prius, for its hybrid conversion. The main source of propulsion comes from a General Motors, all aluminum block, 3.5L V-6. In the Future Truck, the accessory current is not directly measured, so it must be calculated from the measured motor current, generator current and battery current. Accessory current is defined as the current used by all of the high voltage components such as the power steering and AC compressor, except the primary drive motor. In order for the vehicle to be charge sustaining, the generator must produce the same amount of power consumed by the accessories and the drive motor. This calculation will only indicate what the accessory load was at the previous sample time and not what the accessory load will be at the current sample time. When it comes to control of the vehicle, this creates a lag, and the controls will undershoot or overshoot the desired accessory current, which creates inefficiencies due to excessive power flow into and out of the battery pack. In order to better understand the accessory load, Data Dependent Systems (DDS) modeling was done on accessory current data collected from the test vehicle, and an AR(26) model was concluded to be adequate, based on the residual sum of squares (RSS) and unified auto-correlations. The DDS modeling of the accessory current also led to the forecasting of the accessory loads. This helps keep battery use to a minimum by allowing the generator to create the correct amount of power, at that time step, to operate the accessories. Accessory draw from the batteries and generator overshoot going into the batteries is minimized and therefore the overall efficiency of the vehicle goes up. The vehicle was tested on a 50-mile circuit including city and highway driving and elevation changes. The results from the test vehicle showed a power savings of 892 kJ/hour which improved the fuel economy by 3 mpg over stock. The charge sustainability of the vehicle was also achieved which means the range of the vehicle is only limited by the fuel mileage, similar to a conventional vehicle.
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Reports on the topic "Motion of an electric stock"

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Wilson, Eric, Craig Christensen, Scott Horowitz, Joseph Robertson, and Jeff Maguire. Electric End-Use Energy Efficiency Potential in the U.S. Single-Family Housing Stock. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1339938.

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Kihm, Steve, Andrew Satchwell, and Peter Cappers. The Effects of Rising Interest Rates on Electric Utility Stock Prices: Regulatory Considerations and Approaches. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1372673.

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Evenson, W. E., J. A. Gardner, Ruiping Wang, Han-Tzong Su, and A. G. McKale. PAC (perturbed angular correlation) analysis of defect motion by Blume's stochastic model for I = 5/2 electric quadrupole interactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6135930.

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Mellors, R., A. Rodgers, W. Walter, S. Ford, H. Xu, E. Matzel, S. Myers, et al. Pre-shot simulations of far-field ground motion for the Source Physics Experiment (SPE) Explosions at the Climax Stock, Nevada National Security Site: SPE2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034523.

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Mellors, R., A. Pitarka, A. Rodgers, W. Walter, S. Ford, H. Xu, E. Matzel, et al. PRE-SHOT SIMULATIONS OF NEAR-FIELD AND FAR-FIELD GROUND MOTION FOR THE SOURCE PHYSICS EXPERIMENT (SPE) EXPLOSIONS AT THE CLIMAX STOCK, NEVADA NATIONAL SECURITY SITE: SPE3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1053656.

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Yusgiantoro, Luky A., Akhmad Hanan, Budi P. Sunariyanto, and Mayora B. Swastika. Mapping Indonesia’s EV Potential in Global EV Supply Chain. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.004.

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• Energy transition in the transportation sector is indicated by the gradual shifting from the use of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) globally. • The transportation sector consumed 43% of total global energy and emitted 16.2% of total global emissions in 2020. Similarly, the transportation sector in Indonesia consumed 45% of the total energy and contributed to 13.6% of CO2 emission in 2019. • Global EV development and utilization are increasing exponentially, especially in developed countries, and there were 10 million EVs in 2020 worldwide. • China has successfully dominated global EVs, both in EV utilization and manufacturing with 45% global EVs Stock and 77% global EV batteries production. • Geopolitically, the abundance of Indonesian nickel reserves provides Indonesia a great opportunity to be one of the main players in EV battery manufacturing. • With an annual average growth of 6%, the projected motorized vehicles growth in Indonesia will reach 214 million in 2030. The right government policies would make Indonesia become the Southeast Asia EV market hub as Indonesia has the largest automotive sales and production market among ASEAN countries. • Measurable and realistic national EV development targets and plans supported by executing policies such as fiscal incentives and hardware standardization, sufficient EV charging infrastructure, and other supporting infrastructures are key elements that drive successful EV development in several countries. • Insufficient domestic industries and technology, and the absence of policies that comprehensively cover the customers and producers directly to support EV development and utilization in Indonesia, resulting in the achieved number of EVs and EV infrastructures in Indonesia are far from the updated target or even the initial target (RUEN, 2017).
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Law, Edward, Samuel Gan-Mor, Hazel Wetzstein, and Dan Eisikowitch. Electrostatic Processes Underlying Natural and Mechanized Transfer of Pollen. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613035.bard.

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The project objective was to more fully understand how the motion of pollen grains may be controlled by electrostatic forces, and to develop a reliable mechanized pollination system based upon sound electrostatic and aerodynamic principles. Theoretical and experimental analyses and computer simulation methods which investigated electrostatic aspects of natural pollen transfer by insects found that: a) actively flying honeybees accumulate ~ 23 pC average charge (93 pC max.) which elevates their bodies to ~ 47 V likely by triboelectrification, inducing ~ 10 fC of opposite charge onto nearby pollen grains, and overcoming their typically 0.3-3.9 nN detachment force resulting in non-contact electrostatic pollen transfer across a 5 mm or greater air gap from anther-to-bee, thus providing a theoretical basis for earlier experimental observations and "buzz pollination" events; b) charge-relaxation characteristics measured for flower structural components (viz., 3 ns and 25 ns time constants, respectively, for the stigma-style vs. waxy petal surfaces) ensure them to be electrically appropriate targets for electrodeposition of charged pollen grains but not differing sufficiently to facilitate electrodynamic focusing onto the stigma; c) conventional electrostatic focusing beneficially concentrates pollen-deposition electric fields onto the pistill tip by 3-fold as compared to that onto underlying flower structures; and d) pollen viability is adequately maintained following exposure to particulate charging/management fields exceeding 2 MV/m. Laboratory- and field-scale processes/prototype machines for electrostatic application of pollen were successfully developed to dispense pollen in both a dry-powder phase and in a liquid-carried phase utilizing corona, triboelectric, and induction particulate-charging methods; pollen-charge levels attained (~ 1-10 mC/kg) provide pollen-deposition forces 10-, 77-, and 100-fold greater than gravity, respectively, for such charged pollen grains subjected to a 1 kV/cm electric field. Lab and field evaluations have documented charged vs. ukncharged pollen deposition to be significantly (a = 0.01-0.05) increased by 3.9-5.6 times. Orchard trials showed initial fruit set on branches individually treated with electrostatically applied pollen to typically increase up to ~ 2-fold vs. uncharged pollen applications; however, whole-tree applications have not significantly shown similar levels of benefit and corrective measures continue. Project results thus contribute important basic knowledge and applied electrostatics technology which will provide agriculture with alternative/supplemental mechanized pollination systems as tranditional pollen-transfer vectors are further endangered by natural and man-fade factors.
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