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Marsili, Paolo. "Short time asymptotic behaviors of Heat kernel and Brownian motion on a Riemannian manifold." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13541/.
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Keeve, Frederick Henry. "A Phenomenological Study of the Experience of Humanist, Spiritual, and Transpersonal Films on Positive Organizational Behaviors in the Workplace." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2320.
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A solution is needed to counteract violent news, Internet, and other negative media images and management behaviors in the workplace, in order to boost engagement and prosocial behaviors at work. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the attitudes of working professionals toward prosocial behaviors and employee engagement in the workplace as affected by transpersonal Hollywood films. An organization's ability to survive is directly related to empowerment and innovation. Classic films provide a gateway for transpersonal experiences that could change behavior and thoughts. Peterson and Seligman's transformational typology involving 6 character virtues and 24 strengths was the basis for coding 8 positive films that were viewed by participants. Data collection consisted of 2 in-depth interviews, 8 written film questionnaires, and an exit interview from a criterion-based, purposeful sample of 10 adult working nonmanagerial professionals living in Los Angeles, employed in any industry except the entertainment industry. Six to 10 participants, according to researchers, are an appropriate number for saturation. The most prevalent strengths mentioned were social intelligence and perspective, followed by integrity, hope and open-mindedness. Frequent phrases that corresponded to the 6 virtue categories were wisdom/knowledge and humanity. The results revealed that positive films could be a boon for industrial/organizational issues involving recruitment, training, motivation, and prosocial behaviors. The use of positive transpersonal Hollywood films in human capital development could lead to positive social change in the workplace by reducing worker sick days and promoting a happier workforce with increased innovation and productivity.
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MONTELEONE, Vito. "WATCHING PEOPLE: ALGORITHMS TO STUDY HUMAN MOTION AND ACTIVITIES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395224.
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Nowadays human motion analysis is one of the most active research topics in Computer Vision and it is receiving an increasing attention from both the industrial and scientific communities.
The growing interest in human motion analysis is motivated by the increasing number of promising applications, ranging from surveillance, human–computer interaction, virtual reality to healthcare, sports, computer games and video conferencing, just to name a few.
The aim of this thesis is to give an overview of the various tasks involved in visual motion analysis of the human body and to present the issues and possible solutions related to it.
In this thesis, visual motion analysis is categorized into three major areas related to the interpretation of human motion: tracking of human motion using virtual pan-tilt-zoom (vPTZ) camera, recognition of human motions and human behaviors segmentation.
In the field of human motion tracking, a virtual environment for PTZ cameras (vPTZ) is presented to overcame the mechanical limitations of PTZ cameras. The vPTZ is built on equirectangular images acquired by 360° cameras and it allows not only the development of pedestrian tracking algorithms but also the comparison of their performances. On the basis of this virtual environment, three novel pedestrian tracking algorithms for 360° cameras were developed, two of which adopt a tracking-by-detection approach while the last adopts a Bayesian approach.
The action recognition problem is addressed by an algorithm that represents actions in terms of multinomial distributions of frequent sequential patterns of different length. Frequent sequential patterns are series of data descriptors that occur many times in the data. The proposed method learns a codebook of frequent sequential patterns by means of an apriori-like algorithm. An action is then represented with a Bag-of-Frequent-Sequential-Patterns approach.
In the last part of this thesis a methodology to semi-automatically annotate behavioral data given a small set of manually annotated data is presented. The resulting methodology is not only effective in the semi-automated annotation task but can also be used in presence of abnormal behaviors, as demonstrated empirically by testing the system on data collected from children affected by neuro-developmental disorders.
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Glass, Stephen Michael. "Strength, balance, and range of motion as modifiers of the effect of external load-bearing on functional movement behaviors in the military recruitment population." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3745561.
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GLASS, STEPHEN MICHAEL, Ph.D. Strength, Balance, and Range of Motion as Modifiers of the Effect of External Load-Bearing on Functional Movement Behaviors in the Military Recruitment Population. (2015) Directed by Dr. Scott E. Ross. 172 pp. Clinical movement screens have become increasingly popular in strength and conditioning programs designed for the tactical athlete. Whereas conventionally administered movement screens are largely not sensitive to behaviors which impact soldierrelevant physical performance, recent evidence suggests that modified screens which incorporate external load-bearing strengthen the relationship between movement behaviors and performance outcomes. It remains unclear, however, which mechanisms may account for this improvement in association. Physical performance is considered a multidimensional construct influenced by several independent factors. Among the factors which influence military physical performance, movement screens may require high levels of strength, balance, and range of motion. This project used penalized interaction models to determine the role of strength, balance, and range of motion in modifying the effects of external load bearing on movement quality and movement. Additional confirmatory analyses examined differences in the abilities of FMS item scores to predict physical performance outcomes when those scores were obtained during control vs. external load-bearing conditions. Results suggest that the effect of load on movement complexity is modified by strength, balance, and range of motion whereas the effect on clinically rated movement quality is modified by only balance and range of motion. While the direction of the observed effects did not always coincide with our hypotheses, the present findings mirror those of previous research with respect to differential validity of weighted vs. control FMS item scores in predicting criterion performance measures.
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Tolston, Michael T. "Evaluating the Multi-Scaled Characteristics of Rhythmic Movement." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439306254.
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Ståhl, Martin. "Extraction of recurring behavioral motifs from video recordings of natural behavior." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230894.
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Complex neural activity exhibits itself in various forms, one of which is behavior. Hence a natural way to study neural activity is to analyze behavior. In this thesis, behavior has been studied using a Gaussian hidden Markov model. The data has been gathered from video recordings of free roaming mice in a box. The model has trained on and classified mouse behavior. Classification with 4 and 6 states have been tried, the one with 6 states seems to make a distinction between two different stationary states which is biologically interesting. The conclusion is that the Gaussian hidden Markov model is a reasonable approach to mice behavior classification but it does not solve any fundamental problems. There are also some data gathering techniques that affect the results which need to be improved.Komplex neural aktivitet utrycks i en mängd olika former, en av dessa är beteende. Det gör att ett naturligt sått att studera neural aktivitet är att analysera beteende. I den här uppsatsen så har beteende blivit studerat genom en dold Markov modell. Data har tagits från filmer av fritt springande möss i en låda. Modellen har framgångsrikt tränats på- och klassificerat mössbeteende. Klassificering med 4 och 6 tillstånd har testats, med 6 tillstånd verkar modellen göra en distinktion mellan två olika stationära tillstånd vilket är biologiskt intressant. Sammanfattningsvis är en gaussisk dold Markov modell ett rimligt sått att klassificera mössbeteende men det löser inga fundamentala problem. Det är också en del datainsamlingstekniker som skapat felaktigheter vilket behöver förbättras.
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Schagerström, Johan. "Cow behaviour monitoring with motion sensor." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168742.
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Det är viktigt att övervaka status för mjölkkor från ett djurskydds- och mjölkbondens ekonomiska perspektiv, speciellt för storskaliga lantbruk och automatiska mjölkgårdar. Kobeteende är en indikator på kons välfärd och djurhälsa. I den här rapporten har data samlats in från kor i en mjölkgårdsmiljö och aktivitetsigenkänning har tillämpats för att automatiskt mäta daglig idisslingstid och upptäcka brunst i uppbundna kor. Målet är en produkt som ska uppfylla kraven på noggrannhet, batteritid, robusthet och detaljnivå. Därför har flera systemaspekter beaktats beträffande val av hårdvara, mjukvara och kommunikation.I metoden ingår en två veckors period i en mjölkgård med sensordatainsamling och observation följt av en fem veckors period i ytterligare en mjölkgård med sensordatainsamling och observation med övervakningskamera. Flera algoritmer och signalegenskaper testades för idisslingsövervakning och utvärderas mot varandra med avseende på sensitivitet, specificitet och beräkningsbelastning.Slutsatsen är att de signaler som krävs för att upptäcka idissling är tillgängliga med hjälp av en accelerometer på halsbandet och det är möjligt att nå 96 % sensitivitet och 94 % specificitet med hjälp av dessa sensordata, men de bästa algoritmerna misstänks dra för mycket energi för att klara kravet om 10 års batteritid i en produkt. Det visade sig att en accelerometer på kragen inte gör det möjligt att upptäcka läggningar och ställningar som ett mått på brunst i uppbundna kor. Den externa validiteten behöver testas för detektering av idissling. Nya metoder behöver utforskas för att detektera brunst hos uppbundna kor. Algoritmer borde testas på en den tilltänkta mikrokontrollern så att noggrannare analyser kan göras för batteritid och beräkningskapacitet.It is important to monitor status of dairy cows from an animal welfare and dairy farmer economic point of view, especially for large-scale farming and automatic milking dairies. Cow behavior is an indicator of cow welfare and cow health. In this thesis, data has been gathered from cows in a dairy farm environment and activity recognition has been implemented in order to automatically measure daily rumination time and detect heat in tied-up cows. The goal is a product that must fulfill requirements on accuracy, battery life, robustness and level of detail. Therefore, multiple system aspects have been considered concerning choice of hardware, software and communication.The method included a 2 week period in a dairy farm with sensor data gathering and observation, physically in front of the cows, followed by another 5 week period in another dairy farm with sensor data gathering and observation using surveillance camera. Multiple algorithms and signal features were tested for rumination monitoring and evaluated against each other with respect to sensitivity, specificity and computational load.The conclusion is that the signals required for detecting rumination are available using an accelerometer on the collar and it is possible to reach 96 % sensitivity and 94 % specificity using this sensor data, but the best algorithms are suspected to draw too much energy in order to comply with the requirement of 10 years of battery life in a product. It turned out that an accelerometer on the collar is not feasible for detecting lie-downs and stand-ups as a measure of heat in tied-up cows.The external validity needs to be tested for rumination detection. New methods need to be explored for detecting heat in tied-up cows. Algorithms should be tested on the intended microcontroller so that more thorough analysis can be made with respect to battery life and computational capacity.
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Gips, Jonathan Peter. "Social motion : mobile networking through sensing human behavior." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37384.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2006."September 2006."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-65).
Low-level sensors can provide surprisingly high-level information about social interactions. The goal of this thesis is to define the components of a framework for sensing social context with mobile devices. We describe several sensing technologies - including infrared transceivers, radio frequency scanners, and accelerometers - that both capture social signals and meet the design constraints of mobile devices. Through the analysis of several large datasets, we identify features from these sensors that correlate well with the underlying social structure of interacting groups of people. We then detail the work that we have done creating infrastructure that integrates social sensors into social applications that run on mobile devices.
by Jonathan Peter Gips.
S.M.
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Zhao, Hongyang. "Motion Sensors-Based Human Behavior Recognition And Analysis." W&M ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593091889.
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Human behavior recognition and analysis have been considered as a core technology that can facilitate a variety of applications. However, accurate detection and recognition of human behavior is still a big challenge that attracts a lot of research efforts. Among all the research works, motion sensors-based human behavior recognition is promising as it is low cost, low power, and easy to carry. In this dissertation, we use motion sensors to study human behaviors. First, we present Ultigesture (UG) wristband, a hardware platform for detecting and analyzing human behavior. The hardware platform integrates an accelerometer, gyroscope, and compass sensor, providing a combination of (1) fully open Application Programming Interface (API) for various application development, (2) appropriate form factor for comfortable daily wear, and (3) affordable cost for large scale adoption. Second, we study the hand gesture recognition problem when a user performs gestures continuously. we propose a novel continuous gesture recognition algorithm. It accurately and automatically separates hand movements into segments, and merges adjacent segments if needed, so that each gesture only exists in one segment. Then, we apply the Hidden Markov Model to classify each segment into one of predefined hand gestures. Experiments with human subjects show that the recognition accuracy is 99.4% when users perform gestures discretely, and 94.6% when users perform gestures continuously. Third, we study the hand gesture recognition problem when a user is moving. We propose a novel mobility-aware hand gesture segmentation algorithm to detect and segment hand gestures. We also propose a Convolutional Neural Network to classify hand gestures with mobility noises. For the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation test, experiments with human subjects show that the proposed segmentation algorithm achieves 94.0% precision, and 91.2% recall when the user is moving. The proposed hand gesture classification algorithm is 16.1%, 15.3%, and 14.4% more accurate than state-of-the-art work when the user is standing, walking, and jogging, respectively. Finally, we present a tennis ball speed estimation system, TennisEye, which uses a racket-mounted motion sensor to estimate ball speed. We divide the tennis shots into three categories: serve, groundstroke, and volley. For a serve, we propose a regression model to estimate the ball speed. In addition, we propose a physical model and a regression model for both groundstroke and volley shots. Under the leave-one-subject-out cross-validation test, evaluation results show that TennisEye is 10.8% more accurate than the state-of-the-art work.
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Delaeter, Camille. "Impact des lixiviats de bioplastiques et plastiques conventionnels sur les organismes benthiques intertidaux : une approche comportementale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR065.
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Le comportement joue un rôle crucial dans la survie des organismes en leur permettant de s'adapter à leur environnement particulièrement variable. De nos jours, les réponses comportementales des organismes aux changements environnementaux doivent faire face à des défis sans précédents en raison des changements rapides et néfastes provoqués par l'ère Anthropique. En particulier, la pollution plastique se distingue comme l'une des préoccupations les plus pressantes dans les habitats marins. Au-delà des dommages physiques évidents, les plastiques peuvent libérer un cocktail nocif de molécules chimiques, compromettant les organismes marins à de nombreux niveaux. Liant les individus au fonctionnement des écosystèmes et aux processus évolutifs, le comportement des organismes reste cependant peu étudié dans la littérature sur l'impact des lixiviats de plastique. Ce travail de thèse vise à combler les lacunes existantes dans la littérature en ce qui concerne les organismes et les polymères étudiés. Après une revue approfondie de la littérature, ce travail se concentre sur l'étude de l'impact des lixiviats de plastique, issus de bio-polymères et de polymères conventionnels sur les comportements liés à l'anxiété chez le crabe Hemigrapsus sanguineus, les comportements de déplacement du foraminifère Haynesina germanica et les comportements cirraux de la balane Austromonius modestus. Les résultats révèlent des modifications significatives de ces comportements, qui dépendent de l'espèce, du type de polymère et de la concentration des lixiviats, et compromettent l'équilibre délicat de l'écosystème. Notamment, le lixiviat de bio- polymère entraine des altérations comportementales similaires, voire plus prononcées, que ceux issus de polymères conventionnels, soulevant des inquiétudes significatives quant à la sécurité environnementale des alternatives aux plastiquesBehaviors play a pivotal role in organisms' survival, enabling organisms to cope with their ever-changing environment. Nowadays, adaptive behavioral responses to environmental changes face unprecedented challenges due to the rapid and detrimental effects of the Anthropocene era. Noticeably, plastic pollution stands out as one of the most pressing concerns in marine habitats. Beyond causing conspicuous physical damages, plastics may leach a cocktail of harmful chemicals impairing marine organisms at various levels. Despite its role in connecting individuals to ecosystem functioning and evolutionary processes, organism behavior remains scarcely studied in the plastic leachate literature. This PhD thesis aims at to address the gaps in existing literature concerning the organisms and polymers considered. After an extensive review of the plastic leachate literature, this work focuses on investigating the impact of plastic leachates from both bio and conventional polymers on the anxiety-related behaviors of the crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus, the motion behaviors of the foraminifera Haynesina germanica and the cirral activity of the barnacle Austrominius modestus. The results reveal significant modifications in behaviors, highlighting species, polymer and dose dependencies, posing a threat to the delicate ecosystem balance. Noticeably, the biopolymer leachate results in similar or even more behavioral alterations than leachates from conventional polymers, raising significant concerns about the environmental safety of plastic alternatives
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Magnussen, Camilla MacGregor. "Anisotropic behaviour when judging shapes in motion." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555818.
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Detecting objects in motion is a fundamental task that the visual system executes in everyday life in order for us to navigate safely through -- and interact with -- the environment. In order to make appropriate responses to moving objects, such as avoiding a moving branch or catching a ball, the visual system needs to precisely calculate the path an object is travelling. To develop computational models for the determination of such motion, we should first determine how accurately the visual system judges the direction of motion of simple shapes. Tracking of 2D features is, in theory, suffIcient to determine the direction of motion of objects in the fronto-parallel plane. However, large perceptual deviations have been observed for single lines containing features when they are in translation along non-cardinal axes. I have found that, surprisingly, such perceptual deviations also exist for progressively more complex shapes with multiple features such as crosses, squares, rectangles and octagons for translation along non-cardinal axes. When motion is on cardinal axes, typically no or only small perceptual deviations are observed. It is proposed that the perceptual deviations are linked with attraction towards static cues. These cues are the symmetry axes of the object and cardinal reference axes. When these axes are not aligned with the direction of motion, observers perceive motion biased towards them giving rise to substantial perceptual biases. I then investigated if these perceptual deviations would vanish or give rise to a non-linear trajectory if the static object axes were made dynamic: for example by changing orientation whiles the object translates. Therefore, several combinations of rotations and translations were tested. Surprisingly, observers perceived a curved trajectory for both cardinal and non-cardinal axes of translation as long as the orientation of the object axis was close to the axis of translation. This suggests that an object in rotation and translation is wrongly perceived to "slide" on a curved trajectory despite the fact that it is actually rotating and translating along a straight line. This illusion is novel and might be a consequence of the fact that objects in nature often travel along their intrinsic axes of symmetry. A visual system that is confronted with making best use of often ambiguous signals may occasionally make incorrect assignments of motion along trajectories that are closer to the object's orientation than they actually are. . Next attention was turned from motion of rigid objects to investigating non- rigidly moving objects. In natural scenes objects often move non-rigidly with different features belonging to the same object moving in different directions. Such non-rigid motions include those of a swimming jellyfish or a beating heart. This study employed a simple stimulus of three (invisible) apertures with a line segment behind the central one and terminated line segments behind the other two which produces the percept of rigidly or non-rigidly moving lines depending on the terminator velocities. It was discovered that when the terminators were moving in similar directions (rigid or marginally non- rigid motions) the central segment was captured and its velocity given by the vector sum of the velocities of the two terminators. In these circumstances, the motion signal of the central segment did not appear to play a significant role. On the other hand, the segment showed resistance to capture and its motion signal did play a significant role when: (1) ·th~· terminators were moving in opposite directions (e.g. one up and to the right and one down and to the right) giving the percept of a contracting or expanding line, (2) the terminators were moving close to the normal of the line segment, (3) when only one terminator was present. Overall these findings suggest that the visual system computes a vector summation of terminator motions, with the motion signal of the central segment not playing a substantial role when the segment is captured but when capture is reduced the motion signal of the segment should appear as an integral part of the motion computation. A simple model, based on the experimental observations, could account for the data and provides a promising, unified computational approach for signal integration across space in the presence of rigid and non-rigid motion. Abstract 11.
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Hunter, Julia. "Real-Time Recognition of Motion Behaviour Patterns." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522079.
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Young, Colleen. "Motion Sensing Behaviour in Weakly Electric Fish." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30385.
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Weakly electric fish use of a self-generated electric field to probe their environment, this behaviour is known as electrolocation. This study investigated two aspects of electrolocation in two species of knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus and Eigenmannia virescens). First, we characterized the ability to track moving objects and found that tracking performance did not differ among speeds tested in either species. Second, we characterized a motion-related cue for distance perception, similar to visual parallax, for which rapidly moving objects would be perceived as closer than slowly moving objects. During tracking experiments, the fish remained centered between the moving objects. We hypothesized that the fish use electrosensory parallax to perform this centering behaviour. Thus, we predicted that if one object moved slightly slower than the other, the fish would perceive the slower-moving object as farther away, and would move towards the slower object to remain “centered.” Indeed, our results supported our hypothesis with E. virescens moving towards the slower object to an extent that increased with the relative decrease in speed.
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Lee, Hyun-Yeul. "Socio-Kinetics : visualizing impressions of people behavior through motion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61860.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66).
Online public discussion spaces such as Usenet newsgroups are rich social environments. The social dynamics within the community are not obvious upon looking at the strings of text-based content. Only a careful reading of the threads allows the viewer to discern complexities and nuances of social interactions. Expressive visualization, however, is an alternative medium for effectively conveying such information. In order to animate the dynamic social qualities found within the static data of a Usenet interface, I chose motion as the communicative agent for this visual translation. The goal of this thesis is to isolate those elements which comprise visual motion, such as position, direction, speed, and time, in order to develop a visual language through which the social complexities of online communities can be communicated. A series of studies exploring this problem were carried out using a theoretical framework inspired by cognitive and artistic precedents. These investigations resulted in an understanding of how motion can be successfully employed as a visual language for social expression.
by Hyun-Yeul Lee.
S.M.
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Ullah, Habib. "Crowd Motion Analysis: Segmentation, Anomaly Detection, and Behavior Classification." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369001.
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The objective of this doctoral study is to develop efficient techniques for flow segmentation, anomaly detection, and behavior classification in crowd scenes. Considering the complexities of occlusion, we focused our study on gathering the motion information at a higher scale, thus not associating it to single objects, but considering the crowd as a single entity. Firstly,we propose methods for flow segmentation based on correlation features, graph cut, Conditional Random Fields (CRF), enthalpy model, and particle mutual influence model. Secondly, methods based on deviant orientation information, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), and MLP neural network combined with GoodFeaturesToTrack are proposed to detect two types of anomalies. The first one detects deviant motion of the pedestrians compared to what has been observed beforehand. The second one detects panic situation by adopting the GMM and MLP to learn the behavior of the motion features extracted from a grid of particles and GoodFeaturesToTrack, respectively. Finally, we propose particle-driven and hybrid appraoches to classify the behaviors of crowd in terms of lane, arch/ring, bottleneck, blocking and fountainhead within a region of interest (ROI). For this purpose, the particle-driven approach extracts and fuses spatio-temporal features together. The spatial features represent the density of neighboring particles in the predefined proximity, whereas the temporal features represent the rendering of trajectories traveled by the particles. The hybrid approach exploits a thermal diffusion process combined with an extended variant of the social force model (SFM).
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Ullah, Habib. "Crowd Motion Analysis: Segmentation, Anomaly Detection, and Behavior Classification." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1406/1/PhD_Thesis_Habib.pdf.
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The objective of this doctoral study is to develop efficient techniques for flow segmentation, anomaly detection, and behavior classification in crowd scenes. Considering the complexities of occlusion, we focused our study on gathering the motion information at a higher scale, thus not associating it to single objects, but considering the crowd as a single entity. Firstly,we propose methods for flow segmentation based on correlation features, graph cut, Conditional Random Fields (CRF), enthalpy model, and particle mutual influence model. Secondly, methods based on deviant orientation information, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), and MLP neural network combined with GoodFeaturesToTrack are proposed to detect two types of anomalies. The first one detects deviant motion of the pedestrians compared to what has been observed beforehand. The second one detects panic situation by adopting the GMM and MLP to learn the behavior of the motion features extracted from a grid of particles and GoodFeaturesToTrack, respectively. Finally, we propose particle-driven and hybrid appraoches to classify the behaviors of crowd in terms of lane, arch/ring, bottleneck, blocking and fountainhead within a region of interest (ROI). For this purpose, the particle-driven approach extracts and fuses spatio-temporal features together. The spatial features represent the density of neighboring particles in the predefined proximity, whereas the temporal features represent the rendering of trajectories traveled by the particles. The hybrid approach exploits a thermal diffusion process combined with an extended variant of the social force model (SFM).
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Kalogiannis, Konstantinos. "Behaviour of elastohydrodynamic films subjected to oscillatory motion." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/44542/.
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The main aim of this research was to understand the influence of vibration of machine components on lubricating films formed in high-pressure contacts. In the current investigation Spacer Layer Imaging Method has been used to monitor the response of elastohydrodynamic films subjected to lateral and vertical vibrations. For both cases the EHL contact was produced by steel or tungsten carbide ball and a transparent disc which was made of glass or sapphire, loaded against each other. The contacting side of the disc was sputtered with a thin chromium layer and a silica spacer layer. White light was shown onto the contact through a specially built microscope. The interferometric fringes formed by the rays reflected by the chromium layer and by the ball's surface are captured by a high speed CCD camera. The images were subsequently analyzed and converted to film thickness maps according to calibration curves. During the tests conducted under lateral vibrations the effect of several parameters including the frequency of lateral motion, Hertzian pressure, temperature variation and the main entrain speed were investigated. Results have shown that lateral oscillations create ripples through the lubricant film only at highest lateral frequency and low entraining speeds. The parameter which influences the formation of the perturbations in the film is the ratio between the main rolling speed and the lateral speed of the contact. The smaller the ratio the larger the transient phenomena can be identified. It has also been found that temperature change has no significant influence upon the film behaviour. The effect of vertical vibrations on the film thickness was also investigated. The analysis of the film thickness has shown that a sudden increase of load had an effect of increasing the contact diameter and at the same time modified the convergence in the inlet, an enhanced film thickness was produced at the inlet periphery of the initial contact zone and travel through the contact at a velocity equal to the average speed of the contacting surfaces.
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Hou, Shaobo. "Learning Behaviours of Articulated Human Motion for Tracking and Synthesis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516363.
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Humberson, Jonathan D. "The Motion Mechanism and Thermal Behavior of Sigma 3 Grain Boundaries." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/699.
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Sigma 3 grain boundaries play a large role in the microstructure of fcc materials in general, and particularly so in grain boundary engineered materials. A recent survey of grain boundary properties revealed that many of these grain boundaries possess very large mobilities, and that these mobilities increase at lower temperature, contrary to typical models of thermallyactivated grain boundary motion. Such boundaries would have a tremendous mobility advantage over other boundaries at low temperature, which may explain some observed instances of abnormal grain growth at low temperature. This work explains the boundary structure and motion mechanism that allows for such mobilities, and explores several of the unique factors that must be considered when simulating the motion of these boundaries. The mobilities of a number of boundaries, both thermally-activated and antithermal, were then calculated over a wide temperature range, and several trends were identified that relate boundary crystallography to thermal behavior and mobility. An explanation of the difference in thermal behavior observed in sigma 3 boundaries is proposed based on differences in their dislocation structure.
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Pineda, Stephen, and Stephen Pineda. "Aerodynamic Behavior of the X-56A Airfoil During Oscillatory Plunging Motion." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621460.
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The effects of structural motion on the aerodynamics of the X-56A airfoil are investigated experimentally. An oscillatory plunging mechanism provides a sinusoidal plunging motion. The static aerodynamic characteristics of the X-56A airfoil model are verified against computational results from XFLR5 and thin airfoil theory. The plunging experiments are carried out at a Reynolds number of 200,000 to be comparable to CFD simulations and future 1/2 scale flight test experiments. Two nominal angles of attack were used in the plunging experiments: 10 degrees and 12 degrees. At both angles, the oscillation parameters used (k = 0.61 and 0.70, h = 0.030 - 0.048) provide effective angles of attack that extend up to and past the region associated with static stall. For the case of a nominal angle of 10 degrees, the phase-averaged lift cycles are seen to oscillate symmetrically about the static CL value and increasing the oscillation amplitude increases the magnitude of the CL variation. A comparison with CFD and Theodorsen's theory shows fair agreement, but the comparison to theory worsens as the oscillation amplitude increases. This is due to limitations in Theodorsen's theory and uncertainty in the experimental CL. An FFT of the lift shows the primary frequency to be the same as the plunging frequency for all cases. For the case of a nominal angle of 12 degrees, the phase-averaged lift cycle is no longer symmetric about the static lift value. A comparison of CL between the experimental data and CFD simulations shows reasonable agreement. Observing the pressure distribution around the airfoil at this higher angle reveals a growth-reduction cycle experienced by the laminar separation bubble which is not seen to occur in the 10 degree case. An FFT of the lift at this angle again shows the primary frequency to be equivalent to the plunging frequency. Additionally, the first harmonic is more prominent at this angle. Hot wire measurements behind the airfoil show an oscillation about the free stream value for the 10 degree cases and a drastic periodic drop in velocity for the 12 degree cases. This drop in velocity is thought to be associated with the passage of a vortex which can also be seen in CFD visualizations.
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Sepulveda, Nestor. "Physics models and analysis of collective behavior : supersolidity and cell motion." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077254.
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Cette thèse comporte deux parties : l'une consacrée à l'étude de la supersolidité et l'autre à la modélisation d'une expérience sur le mouvement collectif de cellules. L'étude sur la supersolidité est faite dans le cadre de l'équation de Gross-Pitaevskii, en considérant un potentiel d'interaction entre particules non local. Ce choix, nous permet d'avoir un minimum de rotons dans la relation de dispersion responsable de la cristallisation. Avec ce modèle, nous calculons la fraction de superfluide comme fonction de l'intensité de l'interaction entre particule. Nous obtenons cette fraction de superfluide par deux méthodes : la première, en séparant le comportement rapide et lent des champs présents dans nos équations ; la deuxième, en calculant la dérivée par rapport à la vitesse de l'impulsion linéaire, lorsque le système est soumis à une vitesse donnée. Nous trouvons que les deux méthodes sont équivalentes pour une et deux dimensions d'espace. Pour deux dimensions d'espace, nous considérons également l'effet du désordre dans notrexv cristal". Nous trouvons que la présence du désordre produit une augmentation dans la fraction de superfluide, dépendant de la quantité du désordre. La deuxième partie de cette thèse porte sur l'étude et la modélisation d'une expérience de mouvement collectif de cellules sur un substrat plan. Il s'agit d'un modèle idéalisé d'une blessure. Pour décrire ce système, nous considérons un modèle de type Langevin, avec un terme de couplage entre les vitesses des particules, un terme d'interaction entre particules, décrit par un potentiel de répulsion à courte portée, et un bruit gaussian qui prend en compte tous les processus biochimiques responsables du mouvement des cellules. Avec ce modèle, nous sommes capables de reproduire différentes quantités statistiques calculées dans l'expérience. Ceci nous permet de conclure que ce modèle peut être un bon candidat pour expliquer le comportement des cellules dans cette expérience, et, nous l'espérons, dans d'autres situations biologiquesThis thesis is composed by two parts: one about the study of supersolid and the other one about modelling an experiment of collective cell motion. The study of supersolidity was done in the frame of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, considering a non-local potential of interaction between particles. This choice, allows us to have a roton minima in the dispersion relation responsible for crystallization. With this model, we compute the superfluid fraction as function of the intensity of interaction between particles. We obtain this superfluid fraction by two methods: the first one, consists in separating the rapid and the slow behavior of the fields present in our equations; the second one, in Computing the derivative with respect to the velocity of the linear momentum, when the System is submitted to a given velocity. We find that both methods are equivalent to one and two spatial dimensions. For two dimensions of space, we consider equally the effects of disorder in our "crystal". We find that disorder increases the superfluid fraction, that depends on the quantity of disorder. The second part of this thesis is about the study and modeling of an experiment of collective cell motion on a flat substrate: an idealized model of a wound. To describe this System, we consider a Langevin-like model, with a coupling term between the velocity of the particles, an interaction term between particles, described by a short range repulsion potential, and a gaussian noise that describes all the biochemical process responsible for cellular motion. Whit this model, we are able to reproduce different statistical quantities computed in the experiment. That allows us to conclude that this model may be a good candidate to explain the cell behavior in this experiment, and, we hope, in other biological situations
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Anderson, Andrew James. "Sensorimotor neural systems for a predatory stealth behaviour camouflaging motion." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405831.
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Wang, Hongfang. "Non-rigid motion behaviour learning : a spectral and graphical approach." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441066.
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Mazzon, Riccardo. "Motion prediction and interaction localisation of people in crowds." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8605.
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The ability to analyse and predict the movement of people in crowded scenarios can be of fundamental importance for tracking across multiple cameras and interaction localisation. In this thesis, we propose a person re-identification method that takes into account the spatial location of cameras using a plan of the locale and the potential paths people can follow in the unobserved areas. These potential paths are generated using two models. In the first, people’s trajectories are constrained to pass through a set of areas of interest (landmarks) in the site. In the second we integrate a goal-driven approach to the Social Force Model (SFM), initially introduced for crowd simulation. SFM models the desire of people to reach specific interest points (goals) in a site, such as exits, shops, seats and meeting points while avoiding walls and barriers. Trajectory propagation creates the possible re-identification candidates, on which association of people across cameras is performed using spatial location of the candidates and appearance features extracted around a person’s head. We validate the proposed method in a challenging scenario from London Gatwick airport and compare it to state-of-the-art person re-identification methods. Moreover, we perform detection and tracking of interacting people in a framework based on SFM that analyses people’s trajectories. The method embeds plausible human behaviours to predict interactions in a crowd by iteratively minimising the error between predictions and measurements. We model people approaching a group and restrict the group formation based on the relative velocity of candidate group members. The detected groups are then tracked by linking their centres of interaction over time using a buffered graph-based tracker. We show how the proposed framework outperforms existing group localisation techniques on three publicly available datasets.
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Devanne, Maxime. "3D human behavior understanding by shape analysis of human motion and pose." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10138/document.
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L'émergence de capteurs de profondeur capturant la structure 3D de la scène et du corps humain offre de nouvelles possibilités pour l'étude du mouvement et la compréhension des comportements humains. Cependant, la conception et le développement de modules de reconnaissance de comportements à la fois précis et efficaces est une tâche difficile en raison de la variabilité de la posture humaine, la complexité du mouvement et les interactions avec l'environnement. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons d'abord sur le problème de la reconnaissance d'actions en représentant la trajectoire du corps humain au cours du temps, capturant ainsi simultanément la forme du corps et la dynamique du mouvement. Le problème de la reconnaissance d'actions est alors formulé comme le calcul de similitude entre la forme des trajectoires dans un cadre Riemannien. Les expériences menées sur quatre bases de données démontrent le potentiel de la solution en termes de précision/temps de latence de la reconnaissance d'actions. Deuxièmement, nous étendons l'étude aux comportements plus complexes en analysant l'évolution de la forme de la posture pour décomposer la séquence en unités de mouvement. Chaque unité de mouvement est alors caractérisée par la trajectoire de mouvement et l'apparence autour des mains, de manière à décrire le mouvement humain et l'interaction avec les objets. Enfin, la séquence de segments temporels est modélisée par un classifieur Bayésien naïf dynamique. Les expériences menées sur quatre bases de données évaluent le potentiel de l'approche dans différents contextes de reconnaissance et détection en ligne de comportementsThe emergence of RGB-D sensors providing the 3D structure of both the scene and the human body offers new opportunities for studying human motion and understanding human behaviors. However, the design and development of models for behavior recognition that are both accurate and efficient is a challenging task due to the variability of the human pose, the complexity of human motion and possible interactions with the environment. In this thesis, we first focus on the action recognition problem by representing human action as the trajectory of 3D coordinates of human body joints over the time, thus capturing simultaneously the body shape and the dynamics of the motion. The action recognition problem is then formulated as the problem of computing the similarity between shape of trajectories in a Riemannian framework. Experiments carried out on four representative benchmarks demonstrate the potential of the proposed solution in terms of accuracy/latency for a low-latency action recognition. Second, we extend the study to more complex behaviors by analyzing the evolution of the human pose shape to decompose the motion stream into short motion units. Each motion unit is then characterized by the motion trajectory and depth appearance around hand joints, so as to describe the human motion and interaction with objects. Finally, the sequence of temporal segments is modeled through a Dynamic Naive Bayesian Classifier. Experiments on four representative datasets evaluate the potential of the proposed approach in different contexts, including recognition and online detection of behaviors
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Ramamoorthy, Thiagarajan. "Mechanical behavior of membranes in electrostatic pecipitators." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1125868299.
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Lazarov, Kristiyan, and Badi Mirzai. "Behaviour-Aware Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Incorporating Human Driving Style." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254224.
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This paper proposes a model to ensure safe and realistic human-robot interaction for an autonomous vehicle interacting with a human-driven vehicle, by incorporating the driving style of the human driver. The interaction is modeled as a game, where both agents try to maximize future rewards. The driving style of the human is captured via the role of the human driver in the game, capturing the fact that humans with different driving styles reason differently. The solution of the game is obtained using an numerical approximation and used by the autonomous vehicle to plan optimally ahead. The model is validated via simulations on a safety-critical scenario, where realistic driving style-dependent behaviour emerges naturally.
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Wong, Yee Sun. "Experimental and numerical investigations of fluidisation behaviour with & without the presence of immersed tubes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289753.
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Mohammed, Malik Ahmed. "NMR studies of quantum molecular motions in solids." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329802.
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Ososky, Scott. "Influence of Task-Role Mental Models on Human Interpretation of Robot Motion Behavior." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6331.
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The transition in robotics from tools to teammates has begun. However, the benefit autonomous robots provide will be diminished if human teammates misinterpret robot behaviors. Applying mental model theory as the organizing framework for human understanding of robots, the current empirical study examined the influence of task-role mental models of robots on the interpretation of robot motion behaviors, and the resulting impact on subjective ratings of robots. Observers (N = 120) were exposed to robot behaviors that were either congruent or incongruent with their task-role mental model, by experimental manipulation of preparatory robot task-role information to influence mental models (i.e., security guard, groundskeeper, or no information), the robot's actual task-role behaviors (i.e., security guard or groundskeeper), and the order in which these robot behaviors were presented. The results of the research supported the hypothesis that observers with congruent mental models were significantly more accurate in interpreting the motion behaviors of the robot than observers without a specific mental model. Additionally, an incongruent mental model, under certain circumstances, significantly hindered an observer's interpretation accuracy, resulting in subjective sureness of inaccurate interpretations. The strength of the effects that mental models had on the interpretation and assessment of robot behaviors was thought to have been moderated by the ease with which a particular mental model could reasonably explain the robot's behavior, termed mental model applicability. Finally, positive associations were found between differences in observers' interpretation accuracy and differences in subjective ratings of robot intelligence, safety, and trustworthiness. The current research offers implications for the relationships between mental model components, as well as implications for designing robot behaviors to appear more transparent, or opaque, to humans.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Graduate Studies
Sciences
Modeling & Simulation
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Bartholomew, Paul D. "Optimal behavior composition for robotics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51872.
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The development of a humanoid robot that mimics human motion requires extensive programming as well as understanding the motion limitations of the robot. Programming the countless possibilities for a robot’s response to observed human motion can be time consuming. To simplify this process, this thesis presents a new approach for mimicking captured human motion data through the development of a composition routine. This routine is built upon a behavior-based framework and is coupled with optimization by calculus to determine the appropriate weightings of predetermined motion behaviors. The completion of this thesis helps to fill a void in human/robot interactions involving mimicry and behavior-based design. Technological advancements in the way computers and robots identify human motion and determine for themselves how to approximate that motion have helped make possible the mimicry of observed human subjects. In fact, many researchers have developed humanoid systems that are capable of mimicking human motion data; however, these systems do not use behavior-based design. This thesis will explain the framework and theory behind our optimal behavior composition algorithm and the selection of sinusoidal motion primitives that make up a behavior library. This algorithm breaks captured motion data into various time intervals, then optimally weights the defined behaviors to best approximate the captured data. Since this routine does not reference previous or following motion sequences, discontinuities may exist between time intervals. To address this issue, the addition of a PI controller to regulate and smooth out the transitions between time intervals will be shown. The effectiveness of using the optimal behavior composition algorithm to create an approximated motion that mimics capture motion data will be demonstrated through an example configuration of hardware and a humanoid robot platform. An example of arm motion mimicry will be presented and includes various image sequences from the mimicry as well as trajectories containing the joint positions for both the human and the robot.
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Spurr, Graeme R. "Amateur video : technology, behaviour and practice, 1965-2015." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7473/.
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In considering the once highly visible and vibrant amateur film club culture of the United Kingdom the 1980s is arguably a pivotal, but controversial, historical decade in accounts of marginal film history. These years witnessed the end of the Scottish International Amateur Film Festival, a perceived sense and feeling of decline in club membership and vitality, and even a displacement of the film medium itself, with the arrival of domestic-level, narrow-video technology in the form of Betamax, VHS and other multifarious magnetic formats. Distinct feelings of loss are evident in amateur film journals of the time, while memories of the era among surviving practitioners are often characterised by senses of watershed and narratives of betrayal and distrust with manufacturers and consumer technology. This thesis through the discovery, analysis, and criticism of original visual and written empirical material will counter such understanding of the 1980s amateur cinema period, by exploring changing nomenclatures, technologies and leisure trends in this era. It will begin to define an increasingly diffuse, ambivalent and problematic narrative of this period, where many assumptions about traditional cinematographic, celluloid technology, the arrival of magnetic recording, and digital editing can be challenged. ‘Common-sense’, popular and individual accounts of this transitory era tend to argue that video was a predominant factor in the overall cultural amnesia that the amateur social world experienced. The critical endeavour of this thesis will be to construct a sophisticated and nuanced narrative of this time that counters and challenges elements of these accounts. Rather than asking what magnetic recording, or video, limited, I will discuss what it inspired and what it promoted in a scene that contrary to popular belief actually flourished, and was invigorated, by the new narrow technology on offer. That there is such discordance between different methodological processes also poses a series of larger meta-historiographical concerns around the primacy of oral history and assumptions of reliability. Questions around the diffusion and dissemination of novel technology into existent specific cultural practices will also be at the forefront of analysis. This project collates amateur film texts (archival and internet-based) and amateur journal material (Movie Maker, Making Better Movies, Videomaker and Amateur Film Maker) in providing an alternative narrative of these developments. Emphasis will be placed on both a specific canon of amateur videos identified within the holdings of the IAC Film and Video Institute Library, and by a collection of interviews with prominent amateur film-makers, whose practice has been permanently shaped by their experience of the transitions in the 1980s. Conjunctural readings of film form, technology, genre, aesthetics, production behaviour, and practice will be developed and illustrated through reference to this canon, with a view to extending the existing historiography of amateur cinema in the UK. Focus will be placed on periodising the amateur’s transitory practice, behaviour and language from the film, to the video, to the digital era, and challenging assumptions of decline, contraction and anachronism. Questions centre on three distinct phases of amateur cinematography and new practice indexed by technological innovation: the obsolescence of film technology in the late-1970s; the impact of early three-way video systems in the 1980s and; the use of computer editing software in the mid-1990s. Considering the prior status and vitality of UK amateur film-making, the thesis will expose a hidden history of amateur film-making post-celluloid, and place considerable emphasis and value on this under-researched and burgeoning area of interdisciplinary scholarship. In conclusion, the thesis will provide an important examination of the transitory stage between film and new digital technologies, and promote further public and academic engagement with this lost leisure community. With a recent focus on digital humanities, the bridge that early narrow-track video technology creates, between amateur cinema's celluloid-past and digital future, remains a significant area for exploration. Three narrative arcs follow, each containing an illustrative micro-historical case study, alongside critical writings on language, behaviour and practice specific to video technology and the magnetic image. These arcs will explore and extrapolate the larger attitudes and values of a social world that underwent technological shifts, not necessarily perceived as positive, or progressive.
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Ayaz, Zafer. "Manoeuvring behaviour of ships in extreme astern seas." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21247.
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In an attempt to contribute the efforts for the robust and effective numerical tools concerning ship motions in astern seas, this thesis presents the development of a coupled non-linear 6-DOF model with frequency dependent coefficients, incorporating memory effects in random waves with a new axis system that allows straightforward combination between seakeeping and manoeuvring model whilst accounting for extreme motions. A combination of seakeeping and manoeuvring is achieved through the adoption of relatively new "horizontal body axis system" which accounts for large vertical motions as well. Furthermore, the frequency dependent terms are incorporated in order to improve the accuracy of the numerical model for non-zero encounter frequencies which are experienced especially when the ship has large heading angle. The effect of encounter frequency and so called "memory effects" are calculated in terms of radiation forces using convolution integrals. Equations of motions and external forces are described in terms of a new axis system. The wave forces are calculated through incident and diffraction wave forces. The incident wave forces are calculated using the instantaneous wave surface while low encounter frequency model is adopted for the calculation of diffraction forces. Finally, the whole numerical model is expressed in random sea environment including the convolution terms to carry out the simulations in more realistic sea environments. The validation of the numerical model with the results of benchmark tests commissioned by ITTC Specialist Group on Stability, showed reasonably satisfactory agreement while the inclusion of frequency dependent terms affected the accuracy of the numerical model. Parametrical studies were carried out to investigate the effect of different environmental and operational parameters to ship motions in extreme astern seas along with the effects of degrees of freedom and encounter frequency. In order to enhance the numerical model and to obtain further information about the coupling of the motions and the adequacy of the numerical model to carry out further simulations regarding dangerous situations during ship motions in random following and quartering seas, extensive captive and free running model tests were carried out. The numerical model provided good agreement with the experiments. The terms resulting from the coupling of vertical motions and large heeling angle to wave forces are obtained. It is believed that the numerical model has a good potential for providing a more rational basis for predicting the dangerous conditions which a ship could face in extreme astern seas, and for offering insights about the link of behaviour with the design parameters of a ship in the light of the validation with the experiment results and parametrical studies.
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Maghsoudi, Javid. "A Behavioral Biometrics User Authentication Study Using Motion Data from Android Smartphones." Thesis, Pace University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10690910.
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This is a study of the behavioral biometric of smartphone motion to determine the potential accuracy of authenticating users on smartphone devices. The study used the application Sensor Kinetics Pro and the Weka machine-learning library to analyze accelerometer and gyroscope data. The study conducted three experiments for the research. They were conducted in spring 2015, fall 2015, and spring 2016. The final experiment in spring 2016 used six Android-based smartphones to capture data from 60 participants and each participant performed 20 trials of two motions: bringing the phone up to eye level for review, and then bringing the phone to the ear, resulting in 1200 runs. The resulting sensor datasets were used for machine learning training and testing. The study used filtering data to remove noise, and then aggregated the data and used them as inputs to the Weka Machine Learning tool. The study used several machine classification algorithms: the Multilayer Perception (MLP), k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Naïve Bayes (N-B), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning classification algorithms. The study reached authentication accuracies of up to 93% thus supporting the use of behavioral motion biometrics for user authentication. Preliminary studies with smaller numbers of participants in spring 2015 and in fall 2015 also produced 90%+ authentication accuracy.
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Karangwa, Innocent. "Comparing South African financial markets behaviour to the geometric Brownian Motion Process." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4787_1363778247.
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This study examines the behaviour of the South African financial markets with regards to the Geometric Brownian motion process. It uses the daily, weekly, and monthly stock returns time series of some major securities trading in the South African financial market, more specifically the US dollar/Euro, JSE ALSI Total Returns Index, South African All Bond Index, Anglo American Corporation, Standard Bank, Sasol, US dollar Gold Price , Brent spot oil price, and South African white maize near future. The assumptions underlying the
Geometric Brownian motion in finance, namely the stationarity, the normality and the independence of stock returns, are tested using both graphical (histograms and normal plots)
and statistical test (Kolmogorov-Simirnov test, Box-Ljung statistic and Augmented Dickey-Fuller test) methods to check whether or not the Brownian motion as a model for South
African financial markets holds. The Hurst exponent or independence index is also applied to support the results from the previous test. Theoretically, the independent or Geometric
Brownian motion time series should be characterised by the Hurst exponent of ½
. A value of a Hurst exponent different from that would indicate the presence of long memory or
fractional Brownian motion in a time series. The study shows that at least one assumption is violated when the Geometric Brownian motion process is examined assumption by
assumption. It also reveals the presence of both long memory and random walk or Geometric Brownian motion in the South African financial markets returns when the Hurst index analysis is used and finds that the Currency market is the most efficient of the South African financial markets. The study concludes that although some assumptions underlying the
rocess are violated, the Brownian motion as a model in South African financial markets can not be rejected. It can be accepted in some instances if some parameters such as the Hurst exponent are added.
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Masrilayanti. "The behaviour of integral bridges under vertical and horizontal earthquake ground motion." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30829/.
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Integral bridges are monolithic and are known to possess good earthquake resistance when founded on a stable soil. One important consideration is the relative displacements which can occur at the support points on structures where there is significant spacing between, i.e. bridges. Factors such as soil, foundation types etc. can all influence the dynamic response, and the stiffness of the bridge can influence how relative displacements affect the internal force actions within the structure. In this study, the effect of earthquakes on integral bridges built on several different soil types is examined, through computer simulation of an integral abutment bridge. The study is made based on Eurocode 8 recommendations, which provides data for different types of soil to be used for earthquake analysis. A symmetrical medium length integral bridge obtained from an existing structure is used for the analysis. Artificial EC8 spectrum compatible time histories (with a 0.35 g peak ground acceleration) are applied to the structure for a range of soil stiffnesses. In conjunction with this, both static and dynamic relative displacement studies are carried out to develop insight as to the significance or dominance of either dynamic or relative displacement effects. The final aim of this study is to propose a simplified approach for design/appraisal which can allow predictions of dynamic response based on the results of static relative displacement studies coupled with simple computer models, without having to resort to full nonlinear integration time-history analysis. Synthetic time histories for 5 different types of soil were created using Mathcad. The synthetic acceleration time history was validated using Seismospect (by Seismosoft). The time histories were then used to carry our full integration time history analyses in ANSYS (engineering simulation software) to simulate the dynamic response of the bridge. The results show that relative displacements play an important role in overall structural response of the integral bridge, compared to the pure dynamic response. The results also confirm that lower stiffness soils suffer a more detrimental effect of the earthquake compared to a soil of higher stiffness.
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Lyashenko, I. A., Олексій Віталійович Хоменко, Алексей Витальевич Хоменко, Oleksii Vitaliiovych Khomenko, Антон Миколайович Заскока, Антон Николаевич Заскока, Anton Mykolaiovych Zaskoka, and K. S. Zhmaka. "Hysteresis Phenomena in the Stick-Slip Motion at the Boundary Friction Mode." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35072.
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The tribological system is considered, which consists of two atomically smooth solid surfaces separated
by an ultrathin lubricant film. The thermodynamic model based on the Landau theory of phase transitions
is built, which describes behavior of this system in the boundary friction mode. The free energy density for
an ultrathin lubricant film is given in the form of expansion into series by the powers of order parameter
that is reduced to the shear modulus of lubricant. The kinetics of the system is studied on the basis of
model describing first-order phase transitions between kinetic modes of friction. It is shown that in the
presence of spring between the external drive and block the width of temperature hysteresis increases versus
fixed coupling.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35072
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Rasmussen, Nathan Oliver. "Behavior of compliant ortho-planar springs under complex loads /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1023.pdf.
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McMahon, Brian. "Differential framing when meaning depends on motive /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31840.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Jack Feldman; Committee Member: Lawrence R. James; Committee Member: Nathan Bennett; Committee Member: Richard Catrambone; Committee Member: Susan E. Embretson. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Collins, Kevin Ralph. "The effect of cracks on the dynamic behavior of bars and shafts." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44112.
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Nondestructive methods of detecting cracks in structural components and machinery are important,
both in preventing failures and in establishing maintenance procedures. This thesis considers how
the vibration behavior of cracked members can be modelled mathematically and how these mathematical
models may lead to advancements in crack detection procedures. Two separate cases are
considered: the longitudinal vibration of a cracked bar and the coupled vibrations of a cracked rotating
shaft.
In the longitudinal vibration study, the equation of motion is developed for a cantilevered bar with
a symmetric surface crack. Next, Galerkin's Method is used to obtain one- and two-term approximate
solutions. Both forced and free vibrations of the bar are analyzed. Graphical results showing
the relationships between displacement and crack size, crack position, and forcing frequency are
presented and discussed. Spectral analysis is used to compare uncracked and cracked bar behavior.
Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the forced vibration case is conducted to observe how the forcing
frequency affects the rate of change of steady-state response at the onset of cracking.
In the second part of the thesis, a similar analysis is conducted for a cracked, simply-supported
Timoshenko shaft rotating at a constant angular speed. The equations of motion derived by Wauer
(b) are used as the basis of the study. Again, Galerkin's Method is applied to obtain approximate
solutions. Time histories and spectra are used to observe how changes in various parameters influence
the vibration behavior. The effects of mass eccentricity and gravity are studied. Finally, the
effect of a periodic axial impact load is considered.Master of Science
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Reed, Nick. "The visual perception of projectile trajectories and the guidance of interceptive behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ad880dbb-1016-4e30-a585-bb0f9ef253b1.
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Experiments were conducted examining human interception of projectiles. It was found that fielders tend not maintain a linear optic trajectory (LOT) as advocated by McBeath, Shaffer, and Kaiser (1995) for interception in two-dimensions. Furthermore, it was shown that its curvature provided an ambiguous cue to action. New interception models were proposed based on optic acceleration cancellation (OAC) and the constant δ model significantly improved upon the performance of the LOT model. Awareness of interception strategy was investigated by questioning subjects about their angle of gaze variation during the ball flight. A lack of awareness of the critical information that guides interceptive behaviour was demonstrated. It is proposed that the information is stored implicitly, challenging the position of Shanks and St. John (1994). Subjects were asked to discriminate the visual information that they experienced before running to catch real balls to examine the validity of experiments that test human ability to discriminate the acceleration of simulated trajectories. Discriminative performance found to remain high even when the duration of viewed information is reduced. This intact discriminative ability led to the suggestion that trajectory discrimination occurs very rapidly after ball launch. The movement and gaze angle of fielders running to catch under conditions in which OAC cannot be sustained was analysed. Subjects showed little deviation from the strategy until the final moments of the catch. The overall conclusion to the thesis is that subjects react rapidly to the optic acceleration of a projectile to determine interceptive behaviour but may not be aware of the sensory basis of their decision and use an approximate version of the constant δ strategy to reach the interception point.
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Wei, Junqing. "Autonomous Vehicle Social Behavior for Highway Driving." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/919.
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In recent years, autonomous driving has become an increasingly practical technology. With state-of-the-art computer and sensor engineering, autonomous vehicles may be produced and widely used for travel and logistics in the near future. They have great potential to reduce traffic accidents, improve transportation efficiency, and release people from driving tasks while commuting. Researchers have built autonomous vehicles that can drive on public roads and handle normal surrounding traffic and obstacles. However, in situations like lane changing and merging, the autonomous vehicle faces the challenge of performing smooth interaction with human-driven vehicles. To do this, autonomous vehicle intelligence still needs to be improved so that it can better understand and react to other human drivers on the road. In this thesis, we argue for the importance of implementing ”socially cooperative driving”, which is an integral part of everyday human driving, in autonomous vehicles. An intention-integrated Prediction- and Cost function-Based algorithm (iPCB) framework is proposed to enable an autonomous vehicles to perform cooperative social behaviors. We also propose a behavioral planning framework to enable the socially cooperative behaviors with the iPCB algorithm. The new architecture is implemented in an autonomous vehicle and can coordinate the existing Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Lane Centering interface to perform socially cooperative behaviors. The algorithm has been tested in over 500 entrance ramp and lane change scenarios on public roads in multiple cities in the US and over 10; 000 in simulated case and statistical testing. Results show that the proposed algorithm and framework for autonomous vehicle improves the performance of autonomous lane change and entrance ramp handling. Compared with rule-based algorithms that were previously developed on an autonomous vehicle for these scenarios, over 95% of potentially unsafe situations are avoided.
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Canisz, Eleni. "Evaluating the Effects of Public Postings on Energy Conservation Behavior at a Public University." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84184/.
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This study evaluated the effects of public postings on energy conservation behavior at a public university, using a multiple baseline design across three settings; bathrooms break rooms, and conference rooms. The behavior of building occupants was recorded to assess the frequency at which those individuals would turn lights off upon exiting an unoccupied room. The independent variables implemented by experimenters (light-switch plate stickers and laminated signs) had little to no effects on cumulative instances of lights turned off however, the installation of motion sensor lights produced better results. Across all conditions, lights were turned off most frequently in conference rooms (65% of observations) followed by break rooms (9% of observations), and bathrooms (3% of observations).
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Mizoguchi, Kazuo. "High-velocity frictional behavior of Nojima fault gouge and its implications for seismogenic fault motion." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145100.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第11334号
理博第2892号
新制||理||1432(附属図書館)
22977
UT51-2005-D85
京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻
(主査)教授 嶋本 利彦, 助教授 山路 敦, 助教授 田上 高広
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Alimadadi, Jani Saba. "Understanding motifs of program behaviour and change." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63465.
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Program comprehension is crucial in software engineering; a necessary step for performing many tasks. However, the implicit and intricate relations between program entities hinder comprehension of program behaviour and change. It is particularly a difficult endeavour to understand dynamic and modern programming languages such as JavaScript, which has grown to be among the most popular languages. Comprehending such applications is challenging due to the temporal and implicit relations of asynchronous, DOM-related and event-driven entities spread over the client and server sides.
The goal of the work presented in this dissertation is to facilitate program comprehension through the following techniques. First, we propose a generic technique for capturing low-level event-based interactions in a web application and mapping those to a higher-level behavioural model. This model is then transformed into an interactive visualization, representing episodes of execution through different semantic levels of granularity. Then, we present a DOM-sensitive hybrid change impact analysis technique for JavaScript through a combination of static and dynamic analysis. Our approach incorporates a novel ranking algorithm for indicating the importance of each entity in the impact set. Next, we introduce a method for capturing a behavioural model of full-stack JavaScript applications’ execution. The model is temporal and context-sensitive to accommodate asynchronous events, as well as the scheduling and execution of lifelines of callbacks. We present a visualization of the model to facilitate program comprehension for developers. Finally, we propose an approach for facilitating comprehension by creating an abstract model of software behaviour. The model encompasses hierarchies of recurring and application-specific motifs. The motifs are abstract patterns extracted from traces through our novel technique, inspired by bioinformatics algorithms. The motifs provide an overview of the behaviour at a high level, while encapsulating semantically related sequences in execution. We design a visualization that allows developers to observe and interact with inferred motifs.
We implement our techniques in open-source tools and evaluate them through a set of controlled experiments. The results show that our techniques significantly improve developers’ performance in comprehending the behaviour and impact of change in software systems.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Newland, Sarah J. "Organizational Citizenship Behavior- Individual or Organizational Citizenship Behavior- Organization: Does the Underlying Motive Matter?" TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1159.
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Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is considered behavior that benefits others, but is not a part of the employee’s job description. Research has indicated that OCB can be divided into two categories, behavior that is directed towards other individuals (OCBI) and behavior that is directed towards the organization (OCBO). Research has also suggested that there are three different motives behind OCB, impression management, prosocial values, and organizational concern. This study examines the relationship between the motives and the type of OCB that is performed. The results failed to indicate that motives matter in determining which type of OCB is performed. Additionally, participants in all three motives were more likely to engage in OCBO behavior than in OCBI behavior.
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Finamore, Kevin. "Motion Cueing Algorithm Development in a 2DOF Driving Simulator: a Driving Behaviour-Centered Approach." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
I simulatori di guida sono strumenti altamente tecnologici che permettono di svolgere attività di ricerca in vari ambiti quali la psicologia, la medicina e l’ingegneria. Tuttavia, affinché i dati ottenuti mediante le simulazioni siano rapportabili alla loro controparte reale, la fedeltà delle componenti del simulatore di guida deve essere elevata. Questo lavoro tratta del miglioramento del sistema di restituzione del movimento nel simulatore a due gradi di libertà (2DOF) SIMU-LACET Driving Simulator, costruito e sviluppato presso il laboratorio LEPSIS dell’IFSTTAR (Istituto Francese delle Scienze e Tecnologie dei Trasporti, dello Sviluppo e delle Reti), in particolare nella sua sede di Parigi – Marne-la-Vallée. Si è deciso di andare a riprogettare la parte software del sistema di restituzione del movimento (motion cueing), operando su due elementi principali: lo scale factor (fattore di scala) applicato agli impulsi dinamici provenienti dal modello veicolare e i Motion Cueing Algorihms (MCA, algoritmi di restituzione del movimento), questo per entrambi i gradi di libertà. Si è quindi intervenuti sul modello esistente implementato in MATLAB-Simulink nello specifico blocco del motion cueing sul surge (traslazione longitudinale) e sul yaw (imbardata). Riguardo lo scale factor, è stata introdotta una metodologia per creare uno scale factor non lineare in forma esponenziale, tale da migliorare la restituzione degli impulsi meno ampi, pur rispettando i limiti fisici della piattaforma di movimento. Per quanto concerne il MCA, si sono vagliate diverse transfer function dell’algoritmo classico. La scelta finale dei MCA e la validazione del motion cueig in genere è stata effettuata mediante due esperimenti ed il giudizio dei soggetti che vi hanno partecipato. Inoltre, in virtù dei risultati del primo esperimento, si è investigata l’influenza che la strategia in merito al cambio delle marce avesse sulla percezione del movimento da parte del guidatore.
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Alsup, Jeremy S. "Mimicking the Mechanical Behavior of Advancing Disc Degeneration Through Needle Injections." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3569.
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Objective - To investigate the effects of injected protease solution on the mechanical advancement of disc degeneration, and to establish test protocol for future pre-clinical validation of spinal arthroplasty devices. The hypothesis that injection of a protease into a cadaveric lumbar disc will mimic advanced degeneration mechanics was the subject of this study. Summary of Background Information - Spinal disc degeneration is a universal condition that progresses in adults due to aging, disease, or injury. Stages of disc degeneration have been categorized in cadaver specimens, with each degeneration level exhibiting characteristic changes in flexibility parameters. Spinal disc tissue can be compromised through introduction of proteolytic enzymes into the collagenous fibers of the annulus fibrosus. Methods - 18 motion segments from 8 human lumbar spines were subjected to flexibility testing. Each specimen was either injected with 0.600 mL of trypsin solution in the annulus fibrosus, 0.600 mL of phosphate-buffed saline, or a fluid-less needle-stick. Motion testing followed with rotations applied in all three major spinal motions. Test sections were transected mid-disc after testing to characterize initial degeneration severity, and acquired motion data was analyzed to show flexibility traits over time. Results - Trypsin, saline, and control injections all caused changes in motion from pre-injection baselines. Saline injections were slightly more effective at mimicking the mechanics of higher grades of degeneration with more fidelity than trypsin injections. All motion parameters were altered by the study treatments, with hysteresis and neutral zone parameters experiencing changes similar to that seen in natural degeneration with greater fidelity. Lateral Bending motion showed the greatest magnitude response to injections, with Flexion-Extension tests showing the smallest change. Discussion - Unexpectedly, fluid-less control injections caused changes to hysteresis and neutral zone parameters, suggesting an alteration to viscoelastic properties due to simple needle puncture. Fluid injections (Trypsin and Saline) caused an immediate transient post-injection change to biomechanics that dissipated over time, except in Axial Rotation. Saline injections provided the highest fidelity in mimicking the motion of more advanced stages of degeneration.
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Hebblethwaite, John. "A '1'9F NMR study of enzyme behaviour in a biopolymer matrix." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362016.
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Song, Yongxin. "Study of the dynamic behavior of tablet movement in a rotating drum using discrete element modeling (DEM) method." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4681.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 110 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-110).