Relevant bibliographies by topics / Motility behaviour

Academic literature on the topic 'Motility behaviour'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Motility behaviour"

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Achikanu, Cosmas, Joao Correia, Héctor A. Guidobaldi, Laura C. Giojalas, Christopher L. R. Barratt, Sarah Martins Da Silva, and Stephen Publicover. "Continuous behavioural ‘switching’ in human spermatozoa and its regulation by Ca2+-mobilising stimuli." Molecular Human Reproduction 25, no. 8 (June 13, 2019): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaz034.

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Abstract Human sperm show a variety of different behaviours (types of motility) that have different functional roles. Previous reports suggest that sperm may reversibly switch between these behaviours. We have recorded and analysed the behaviour of individual human sperm (180 cells in total), each cell monitored continuously for 3–3.5 min either under control conditions or in the presence of Ca2+-mobilising stimuli. Switching between different behaviours was assessed visually (1 s bins using four behaviour categories), and was verified by fractal dimension analysis of sperm head tracks. In the absence of stimuli, ~90% of cells showed at least one behavioural transition (mean rate under control conditions = 6.4 ± 0.8 transitions.min−1). Type 1 behaviour (progressive, activated-like motility) was most common, but the majority of cells (>70%) displayed at least three behaviour types. Treatment of sperm with Ca2+-mobilising agonists had negligible effects on the rate of switching but increased the time spent in type 2 and type 3 (hyperactivation-like) behaviours (P < 2*10−8; chi-square). Treatment with 4-aminopyridine under alkaline conditions (pHo = 8.5), a highly-potent Ca2+-mobilising stimulus, was the most effective in increasing the proportion of type 3 behaviour, biasing switching away from type 1 (P < 0.005) and dramatically extending the duration of type 3 events (P < 10−16). Other stimuli, including 300 nM progesterone and 1% human follicular fluid, had qualitatively similar effects but were less potent. We conclude that human sperm observed in vitro constitutively display a range of behaviours and regulation of motility by [Ca2+]i, at the level of the single cell, is achieved not by causing cells to adopt a ‘new’ behaviour but by changing the relative contributions of those behaviours.
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Grebecki, A. "Cell Behaviour: Control and Mechanisms of Motility." Cell Biology International 24, no. 2 (February 2000): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cbir.1999.0470.

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Lai, Sandra, Julien Tremblay, and Eric Déziel. "Swarming motility: a multicellular behaviour conferring antimicrobial resistance." Environmental Microbiology 11, no. 1 (January 2009): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01747.x.

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Torrezan-Nitao, Elis, Héctor Guidobaldi, Laura Giojalas, Christopher Barratt, and Stephen Publicover. "Behavioural switching during oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in free-swimming human sperm." Reproduction and Fertility 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): L5—L7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/raf-21-0001.

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Lay summary A human sperm must swim to the egg to fertilise it. To do this the sperm uses different types of swimming (behaviours) as they are needed. When we watch sperm swimming we see that they regularly change behaviour, sometimes repeatedly switching between two different types. Calcium ions inside cells are crucial in controlling many cell functions and in sperm they play a key role in regulating their behaviour. Here we have measured the concentration of calcium ions inside swimming human sperm. We found that in 12/35 (34%) of the cells we assessed, the concentration of calcium changed repeatedly, averaging more than one cycle of rise and fall per minute. These changes in the concentration of calcium ions occurred as the sperm switched swimming stroke, suggesting that oscillation of calcium concentration is involved in controlling the switching of sperm behaviour. Impaired sperm motility is an important cause of subfertility in men. Understanding how sperm behaviour is controlled will allow the development of treatments that can rescue the fertility of sperm with impaired motility.
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Muleev, Egor Yu. "“Travel behaviour”, “Motility”, “Mobility”: revisited the conceptualization of terms." Sociological Journal 21, no. 3 (2015): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2015.21.3.2375.

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Browning, Alexander P., Wang Jin, Michael J. Plank, and Matthew J. Simpson. "Identifying density-dependent interactions in collective cell behaviour." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 165 (April 2020): 20200143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0143.

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Scratch assays are routinely used to study collective cell behaviour in vitro . Typical experimental protocols do not vary the initial density of cells, and typical mathematical modelling approaches describe cell motility and proliferation based on assumptions of linear diffusion and logistic growth. Jin et al. (Jin et al . 2016 J. Theor. Biol. 390 , 136–145 ( doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.10.040 )) find that the behaviour of cells in scratch assays is density-dependent, and show that standard modelling approaches cannot simultaneously describe data initiated across a range of initial densities. To address this limitation, we calibrate an individual-based model to scratch assay data across a large range of initial densities. Our model allows proliferation, motility, and a direction bias to depend on interactions between neighbouring cells. By considering a hierarchy of models where we systematically and sequentially remove interactions, we perform model selection analysis to identify the minimum interactions required for the model to simultaneously describe data across all initial densities. The calibrated model is able to match the experimental data across all densities using a single parameter distribution, and captures details about the spatial structure of cells. Our results provide strong evidence to suggest that motility is density-dependent in these experiments. On the other hand, we do not see the effect of crowding on proliferation in these experiments. These results are significant as they are precisely the opposite of the assumptions in standard continuum models, such as the Fisher–Kolmogorov equation and its generalizations.
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Illien, Pierre, Ramin Golestanian, and Ayusman Sen. "‘Fuelled’ motion: phoretic motility and collective behaviour of active colloids." Chemical Society Reviews 46, no. 18 (2017): 5508–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00087a.

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Xue, Niannan, Cristina Bertulli, Amine Sadok, and Yan Yan Shery Huang. "Dynamics of filopodium-like protrusion and endothelial cellular motility on one-dimensional extracellular matrix fibrils." Interface Focus 4, no. 2 (April 6, 2014): 20130060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2013.0060.

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Endothelial filopodia play key roles in guiding the tubular sprouting during angiogenesis. However, their dynamic morphological characteristics, with the associated implications in cell motility, have been subjected to limited investigations. In this work, the interaction between endothelial cells and extracellular matrix fibrils was recapitulated in vitro , where a specific focus was paid to derive the key morphological parameters to define the dynamics of filopodium-like protrusion during cell motility. Based on one-dimensional gelatin fibrils patterned by near-field electrospinning (NFES), we study the response of endothelial cells (EA.hy926) under normal culture or ROCK inhibition. It is shown that the behaviour of temporal protrusion length versus cell motility can be divided into distinct modes. Persistent migration was found to be one of the modes which permitted cell displacement for over 300 µm at a speed of approximately 1 µm min −1 . ROCK inhibition resulted in abnormally long protrusions and diminished the persistent migration, but dramatically increased the speeds of protrusion extension and retraction. Finally, we also report the breakage of protrusion during cell motility, and examine its phenotypic behaviours.
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van Steijn, Leonie, Inge M. N. Wortel, Clément Sire, Loïc Dupré, Guy Theraulaz, and Roeland M. H. Merks. "Computational modelling of cell motility modes emerging from cell-matrix adhesion dynamics." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): e1009156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009156.

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Lymphocytes have been described to perform different motility patterns such as Brownian random walks, persistent random walks, and Lévy walks. Depending on the conditions, such as confinement or the distribution of target cells, either Brownian or Lévy walks lead to more efficient interaction with the targets. The diversity of these motility patterns may be explained by an adaptive response to the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Indeed, depending on the ECM composition, lymphocytes either display a floating motility without attaching to the ECM, or sliding and stepping motility with respectively continuous or discontinuous attachment to the ECM, or pivoting behaviour with sustained attachment to the ECM. Moreover, on the long term, lymphocytes either perform a persistent random walk or a Brownian-like movement depending on the ECM composition. How the ECM affects cell motility is still incompletely understood. Here, we integrate essential mechanistic details of the lymphocyte-matrix adhesions and lymphocyte intrinsic cytoskeletal induced cell propulsion into a Cellular Potts model (CPM). We show that the combination of de novo cell-matrix adhesion formation, adhesion growth and shrinkage, adhesion rupture, and feedback of adhesions onto cell propulsion recapitulates multiple lymphocyte behaviours, for different lymphocyte subsets and various substrates. With an increasing attachment area and increased adhesion strength, the cells’ speed and persistence decreases. Additionally, the model predicts random walks with short-term persistent but long-term subdiffusive properties resulting in a pivoting type of motility. For small adhesion areas, the spatial distribution of adhesions emerges as a key factor influencing cell motility. Small adhesions at the front allow for more persistent motility than larger clusters at the back, despite a similar total adhesion area. In conclusion, we present an integrated framework to simulate the effects of ECM proteins on cell-matrix adhesion dynamics. The model reveals a sufficient set of principles explaining the plasticity of lymphocyte motility.
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Fenchel, T. "Motility and chemosensory behaviour of the sulphur bacterium Thiovulum majus." Microbiology 140, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 3109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/13500872-140-11-3109.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motility behaviour"

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Chacko, Sarah Jane. "Surface attachment behaviour in Rhodobacter sphaeroides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:943eb194-b147-4cb9-bbc2-a9fd04a45949.

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Motility and chemotaxis have been implicated in the process of biofilm formation in a wide range of species. Using a combination of microscopy and image analysis, genetics, microbiology and biochemistry, the initial approach of Rhodobacter sphaeroides cells to a solid surface has been characterised. Interestingly, these data suggest that for R. sphaeroides alterations in motility and swimming behaviour may result in differences in biofilm formation simply by changing the number of cells which reach the surface. This is in contrast to a few other well-studied species where the motility apparatus, the flagellum, has been shown to play an active role in surface sensing and the transition to biofilm growth. Tracking swimming cells and measuring surface attachment revealed that changes in motility affect the ability of cells to attach to a surface, with non-motile cells attaching least and mutants with frequent stops attaching less than smooth swimming cells with few stops. Tracking attaching cells and classifying their method of attachment revealed that flagellar tethering is not essential for R. sphaeroides attachment. Competition assays with fluorescently labelled strains showed that the initial imbalance between motile and non-motile cells remains as microcolonies develop over 48 hours,and the proportion of non-motile cells remains fairly constant. Development on a surface over 48 hours was similar for motile and non-motile strains, including aflagellate strains, once attached. Using parameters calculated by tracking swimming cells to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient in a simple model of cell movement suggested that motion alone could explain the differences in attachment without assuming different cell properties. In particular, aflagellate strains might be hindered from surface attachment by their reduced motility alone. This is interesting since some other bacterial species use the flagellum as a surface sensor.
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Bennett, Rachel R. "Physics of microorganism behaviour : motility, synchronisation, run-and-tumble, phototaxis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:accc7f3c-b472-4bb9-b821-59725a54ccb7.

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Microorganisms have evolved in a low Reynolds number environment and have adapted their behaviour to its viscosity. Here, we consider some features of behaviour observed in microorganisms and use hydrodynamic models to show that these behaviours emerge from physical interactions, including hydrodynamic friction, hydrodynamic interactions and mechanical constraints. Swimming behaviour is affected by surfaces and observations of Vibrio cholerae show that it swims near a surface with two distinct motility modes. We develop a model which shows that friction between pili and the surface gives the two motility modes. The model is extended to study the behaviour of bacteria which are partially attached to a surface. Observations of Shewanella constrained by a surface show several different behaviours. The model shows that different degrees of surface constraint lead to different types of behaviour; the flexibility of the flagellar hook and the torque exerted by the flagellar motor also cause different behaviours. Near surface behaviour is important for understanding the initial stages of biofilm formation. Chlamydomonas swims using synchronous beating of its two flagella. A simple model of Chlamydomonas is developed to study motility and synchronisation. This model shows that the stability of synchronisation is sensitive to the beat pattern. Run-and-tumble behaviour emerges when we include intrinsic noise, without the need for biochemical signalling. The model is also used to show how observed responses of the flagella to light stimuli produce phototaxis. Finally we study hydrodynamic synchronisation of many cilia and consider the stability of metachronal waves in arrays of hydrodynamically coupled cilia. This thesis shows that physical interactions are responsible for many behavioural features and that physical models provide a useful technique for exploring open questions in biology.
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Li, Martin. "Experimental study of swimming flagellated bacteria and their collective behaviour in concentrated suspensions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4787.

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This thesis investigates bacterial motility from the mechanism permitting individual selfpropulsion to the complex collective flocking motility in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis cells. Understanding bacterial swimming has intrigued scientists for decades and recently there has been a growing interest in collective swimming behaviour. The first part of this thesis reviews the characteristics of E. coli and B. subtilis cells subsequently describing the governing physics and constraints of self-propulsion in the low Reynolds regime. The second part of this thesis presents three self-contained experimental sections, examining individual swimming in non-conventional body shaped cells and subsequently focusing on concentrated bacterial swimming in normal cells. We first investigated motility in mutant spherical E. coli cells KJB24 motivated by simulations, which often model bacteria as self-propelled spheres. Somewhat unexpectedly these spherical cells do not exhibit runs and tumbles but diffuse slower than expected. As an introduction to working with microbiology and to familiarise with microbiology techniques we investigated why these spherical cells do not swim. Secondly we investigated how cellular motility varies as a function of body length by inhibiting cell division in wild-type E. coli with cephalexin; which remained motile despite body elongation. Fluorescent flagella visualization provided evidence of multiple bundle formations along the lateral walls as a mechanism to sustain motility. The average swimming velocity, body and flagella rotation rates, the number of flagella and number of flagella bundles were extracted experimentally as a function of length. The extracted experimental parameters for normal sized cells were consistent with Purcell’s model. We explored simple adaptations and scaling of this model to describe motility for filamentous cells, which agrees with experimental values. The main focus is on collective behaviour of B. subtilis by examining the onset from individual swimming to collective motility using time-lapse microscopy. Results demonstrated a smooth transition where cells self-organize into domains expanding rapidly by recruiting cells. We present advancements in B. subtilis fluorescent flagella staining which revealed unexpected multiple flagella bundle arrangements during runs, contradictory to general conjectures. Novel visualisation of flagella filaments during reversal events is presented in both E. coli and B. subtilis cells, providing experimental evidence for complex flagella ‘flipping’. Cellular reversal is hypothesized as a mechanism for quorum polarity facilitating collective swimming. We present novel flagella imaging in the setting of collective behaviour showing evidence to support quorum polarity. Subsequently we extracted the run length distributions of cells as a function of concentration, yielding a decreasing trend with increasing concentration. Using particle tracking we quantitatively extracted the mean squared displacement of swimming cells versus passive tracers at different concentrations during collective swimming, these novel results are discussed in respect to recent simulations. These presented experiments provide new insights into collective behaviour improving current understanding of this phenomenon.
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Batista, José Miguel Sebastiao Fernandes. "FAM49 : a novel regulator of the protrusive behaviour and motility of cells." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7690/.

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Most eukaryotic cell motility relies on plasma membrane protrusions, which depend on the actin cytoskeleton and its tight regulation. The SCAR/WAVE complex, a pentameric assembly comprising SCAR/WAVE, Nap1, CYFIP/Pir121, Abi and HSPC300, is a key driver of actin-based protrusions such as pseudopods. SCAR/WAVE is thought to activate the Arp2/3 complex, a crucial actin nucleator, after being itself activated by upstream signals such as active Rac1. Despite recent progress on the study of the SCAR/WAVE complex, its regulation is still incompletely understood, with Nap1’s role being particularly enigmatic. Upon screening for potential Nap1 binding partners in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum – a well established model organism in the study of the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility – we found FAM49, a ~36 kDa protein of unknown function which is highly conserved in Metazoa (animals) and evolutionarily closer species such as D. discoideum. Interestingly, D. discoideum’s FAM49 and its homologs contain a DUF1394 domain, which is also predicted in CYFIP/Pir121 proteins and most likely involved in their direct binding to active Rac1, which in turn contributes to SCAR/WAVE’s activation. FAM49’s unknown role, apparent high degree of conservation and potential connections to SCAR/WAVE and Rac1 persuaded us to start investigating its function and biological relevance in D. discoideum, leading to the work presented in this thesis. Several pieces of our data collectively support a function for FAM49 in modulating the protrusive behaviour, and ultimately motility, of D. discoideum cells, as well as a regulatory link between FAM49 and Rac1. FAM49’s involvement in protrusion regulation was first hinted at by our observation that GFP-tagged FAM49 is enriched in pseudopods. The possibility of a link with Rac1 was then strengthened by two additional observations: first, pseudopodial GFP-FAM49 is substantially co-enriched with active Rac, both showing fairly comparable spatio-temporal accumulation dynamics; second, when dominant-active (G12V) Rac1 is expressed in cells, it triggers the recruitment and persistent accumulation of GFP-FAM49 at the plasma membrane, where both become highly co-enriched. We subsequently determined that fam49 KO cells differ from wild-type cells in the way they protrude and move, as assessed in under-agarose chemotaxis assays. In particular, our data indicate that fam49 KO cells tend to display a lower degree of global protrusive activity, their protrusions extend more slowly and are less discrete, and the cells end up moving at lower speeds and with higher directional persistence. This phenotype was substantially rescued by FAM49 re-expression. While re-expressing FAM49 in fam49 KO cells we generated putative FAM49 overexpressor cells; compared to wild-type cells, they displayed atypically thin pseudopods and what seemed to be an excessively dynamic, and perhaps less coordinated, protrusive behaviour. Additional data in our study suggest that pseudopods made by fam49 KO cells are still driven by SCAR/WAVE, which is clearly not being replaced by WASP (as is now known to be the case in D. discoideum cells lacking a functional SCAR/WAVE complex). Nonetheless, the peculiar dynamics of those pseudopods imply that SCAR/WAVE’s activity is regulated differently when FAM49 is lost, though it remains to be determined how. This thesis is the first report of a dedicated study on FAM49 and lays the foundation for future research on it.
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Dombrowski, Christopher Charles. "Bacterial Motility: From Propulsion to Collective Behavior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195677.

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This work explores bacterial motility from the mechanisms of propulsion of an individual cell to the complex behavior of collective motility. The shear modulus of bacterial flagella was measured by stretching isolated flagella with an optical trap and by measuring force extension curves of the stretched flagella shedding light onto the me-chanics involved in the motility of single micro-organisms. Experiments in concentrated suspensions of bacteria show collective behavior with large scale mixing on a time and length scale greater than can be understood from the standard model of "run and tumble" motility of a single organism are reported. To further understand the transition from individual to collective motility a novel form of motility where an individual bacterium can reverse direction without changing cell orientation is reported here. These experiments further the understanding of bacterial motility.
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Wei, Xueming. "Starvation-induced changes in motility and spontaneous switching to faster swarming behavior of Sinorhizobium Meliloti /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488190595939615.

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Cline, Mark Andrew. "Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone Modulation of Feed Intake, Gastric Motility, and Behavior in Low and High Body Weight Selected Lines of Chickens." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27725.

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The effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and related compounds on appetite, behavior, and gastric motility in lines of chickens, one selected for low body weight (LWS) and the other high body weight (HWS), was determined. Nucleotide sequence and expression patterns of the CRHr2 receptor, involved in appetite regulation, were also determined. Some individuals of the LWS line are anorexics and many die simply from not eating while some individuals in the HWS line are compulsive eaters and exhibit obesity. CRH is a 41 residue peptide that initiates an organismâ s stress response and is a potent inhibitor of appetite. An ICV injection of CRH dose-dependently decreased feed intake in both lines but did not effect water intake. When CRH receptor antagonists were ICV injected an increase in feed intake in the LWS line but not in the HWS line was observed, however the appetite reducing effect of CRH was attenuated in the HWS line but not in the LWS line. The LWS line has higher concentration of corticosterone than does the HWS line. In both lines at all times treatment with CRH caused an increase in locomotion and no CRH-treated chicks from either line slept post injection. Chicks from the LWS line that were treated with CRH exhibited other anxiety related behaviors sooner than the HWS line. The LWS line showed a liner increase in crop emptying time as the dose of ICV CRH increased. The HWS line responded with a quadratic dose response to CRH treatment. Polymorphisms in the CRHr2 receptor were found in both lines in the same positions, thus we concluded these differences do not significantly contribute to body weight differences. However, differences detected in expression patterns between lines for the CRHr2 receptor may contribute to their different body weights. We conclude that differences in the CRH system, its concentrations and differential receptor action, of these two lines may be partly responsible for their altered body weight phenotype.
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McLean, Amanda M. "BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH FEED INTAKE DURING TRANSITIONING CATTLE TO HIGH-GRAIN DIETS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/104.

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Transitioning cattle from a high-forage to a high-concentrate diet increases the risk for ruminal acidosis and is often related to decreased feed intake, which compromises animal health and performance. Since control of feed intake and rumen motility are closely related, we hypothesized that a reduction in rumen motility may be associated with a reduction in feed intake during this transition. Computer programs were created to analyze feed disappearance and rumen pressure data for feeding behavior as well as identification and characterization of rumen contractions, respectively. This method enabled timely analysis of large datasets and removed subjectivity associated with manual analysis. In the second part of this series, cattle were moderately transitioned from a 70% to a 90% concentrate diet, and SARA was induced. Although, reductions in feed intake were modest, on day 2 of high-grain feeding, animals slowed feed consumption rate and displayed a reduction in rumen contraction frequency, amplitude, and duration. Next, an abrupt transition from 50% to 90% concentrate was used to induce ruminal acidosis and cause some animals to stop eating. The abrupt increase in dietary concentrate was also associated with reductions in rumen motility. Patterns of ruminal pH, viscosity, and motility changes were related to when cattle reduced feed intake. Endotoxin quantification in blood samples from the ruminal vein, portal vein, and mesenteric artery suggested the point of endotoxin translocation into blood was across the ruminal epithelium. Additionally, the greater the concentration of endotoxin in the plasma, the more likely animals were to go “off-feed.” By understanding the physiological and behavioral mechanisms by which cattle adapt to high-grain diets, we can improve animal health and performance through these diet transitions.
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Zeng, Yukai. "The Role of Substrate Stiffness on the Dynamics of Actin Rich Structures and Cell Behavior." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/489.

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Cell-substrate interactions influence various cellular processes such as morphology, motility, proliferation and differentiation. Actin dynamics within cells have been shown to be influenced by substrate stiffness, as NIH 3T3 fibroblasts grown on stiffer substrates tend to exhibit more prominent actin stress fiber formation. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are transient actin-rich ring-like structures within cells, induced by various growth factors, such as the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). CDRs grow and shrink in size after cells are stimulated with PDGF, eventually disappearing ten of minutes after stimulation. As substrate stiffness affect actin structures and cell motility, and CDRs are actin structures which have been previously linked to cell motility and macropinocytosis, the role of substrate stiffness on the properties of CDRs in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and how they proceed to affect cell behavior is investigated. Cells were seeded on Poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates of various stiffnesses and stimulated with PDGF to induce CDR formation. It was found that an increase in substrate stiffness increases the lifetime of CDRs, but did not affect their size. A mathematical model of the signaling pathways involved in CDR formation is developed to provide insight into this lifetime and size dependence, and is linked to substrate stiffness via Rac-Rho antagonism. CDR formation did not affect the motility of cells seeded on 10 kPa stiff substrates, but is shown to increase localized lamellipodia formation in the cell via the diffusion of actin from the CDRs to the lamellipodia. To further probe the influence of cell-substrate interactions on cell behavior and actin dynamics, a two dimensional system which introduces a dynamically changing, reversible and localized substrate stiffness environment is constructed. Cells are seeded on top of thin PDMS nano-membranes, and are capable of feeling through the thin layer, experiencing the stiffness of the polyacrylamide substrates below the nano-membrane. The membranes are carefully re-transplanted on top of other polyacrylamide substrates with differing stiffnesses. This reversible dynamic stiffness system is a novel approach which would help in the investigation of the influence of reversible dynamic stiffness environments on cell morphology, motility, proliferation and differentiation in various cells types.
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Cisneros, Luis. "The Organized Melee: Emergence of Collective Behavior in Concentrated Suspensions of Swimming Bacteria and Associated Phenomena." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195513.

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Suspensions of the aerobic bacteria {\it Bacilus subtilis} develop patterns and flows from the interplay of motility, chemotaxis and buoyancy.In sessile drops, such bioconvectively driven flows carry plumes down the slanted meniscus and concentrate cells at the drop edge, while in pendant drops such self-concentration occurs at the bottom.These dynamics are explained quantitatively by a mathematical model consisting of oxygen diffusion and consumption, chemotaxis, and viscous fluid dynamics.Concentrated regions in both geometries comprise nearly close-packed populations, forming the collective ``Zooming BioNematic'' (ZBN) phase.This state exhibits large-scale orientational coherence, analogous to the molecular alignment of nematic liquid crystals, coupled with remarkable spatial and temporal correlations of velocity and vorticity, as measured by both novel and standard applications of particle imaging velocimetry.To probe mechanisms leading to this phase, response of individual cells to steric stress was explored, finding that they can reverse swimming direction at spatial constrictions without turning the cell body.The consequences of this propensity to flip the flagella are quantified, showing that "forwards" and "backwards" motion are dynamically and morphologically indistinguishable.Finally, experiments and mathematical modeling show that complex flows driven by previously unknown bipolar flagellar arrangements are induced when {\it B. subtilis} are confined in a thin layer of fluid, between asymmetric boundaries.The resulting driven flow circulates around the cell body ranging over several cell diameters, in contrast to the more localized flows surrounding free swimmers.This discovery extends our knowledge of the dynamic geometry of bacteria and their flagella, and reveals new mechanisms for motility-associated molecular transport and inter-cellular communication.
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Books on the topic "Motility behaviour"

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Lackie, J. M. Cell movement and cell behaviour. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986.

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Cell movement and cell behaviour. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986.

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M, Lackie J., Dunn Graham 1944-, and Jones Gareth E. 1947-, eds. Cell behaviour: Control and mechanism of motility. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.

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1947-, Jones Gareth E., Dunn Graham 1944-, and Lackie J. M, eds. Cell behaviour: Control and mechanism of motility. London: Portland on behalf of The Biochemical Society, 1999.

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E, Heaysman Joan, Middleton C. A, Watt Fiona M, British Society for Cell Biology., and Company of Biologists, eds. Cell behaviour: Shape, adhesion and motility : the second Abercrombie Conference : proceedings of the British Society for Cell Biology-The Company of Biologists Limited symposium, Oxford, April 1987. Cambridge: Company of Biologists, 1987.

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Nursing, Royal College of. Digital rectal examination: Guidance for nurses working with children and young people. London: Royal College of Nursing, 2003.

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E, Jones Gareth, Wigley C. B, Warn Richard, and Society for Experimental Biology (Great Britain), eds. Cell behaviour: Adhesion and motility. Cambridge, UK: Published for the Society for Experimental Biology by the Company of Biologists Limited, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, 1993.

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Lackie, J. M. Cell Movement and Cell Behaviour. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Oosawa, Fumio. Fluctuation Motility Behaviour of Molecules Lg Cs. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2002.

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Jones, G. E. Cell Behaviour: Adhesion and Motility (Society for Experimental Biology). Society for Experimental Biology, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Motility behaviour"

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Cioni, Giovanni, and Heinz F. R. Prechtl. "Development of Posture and Motility in Preterm Infants." In Neurobiology of Early Infant Behaviour, 69–76. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10735-3_8.

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Annuario, Emily, Kristal Ng, and Alessio Vagnoni. "High-Resolution Imaging of Mitochondria and Mitochondrial Nucleoids in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 291–310. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1990-2_15.

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AbstractMitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which form intricate networks with complex dynamics. Mitochondrial transport and distribution are essential to ensure proper cell function, especially in cells with an extremely polarised morphology such as neurons. A layer of complexity is added when considering mitochondria have their own genome, packaged into nucleoids. Major mitochondrial morphological transitions, for example mitochondrial division, often occur in conjunction with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and changes in the dynamic behaviour of the nucleoids. However, the relationship between mtDNA dynamics and mitochondrial motility in the processes of neurons has been largely overlooked. In this chapter, we describe a method for live imaging of mitochondria and nucleoids in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by instant structured illumination microscopy (iSIM). We also include a detailed protocol for the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells into cells with a pronounced neuronal-like morphology and show examples of coordinated mitochondrial and nucleoid motility in the long processes of these cells.
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Morano, Ingo. "Muscles and Motility." In Neurosciences - From Molecule to Behavior: a university textbook, 461–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10769-6_22.

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Unger, Marcus M., and Wolfgang H. Oertel. "RBD, Gastric Peptides, and Gastric Motility." In Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder, 541–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_37.

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Heydt, Matthias. "Results: Motility and Exploration Behavior of Ulva Zoospores." In How Do Spores Select Where to Settle?, 51–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17217-5_5.

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Simons, Julie E., and Sarah D. Olson. "Sperm Motility: Models for Dynamic Behavior in Complex Environments." In Cell Movement, 169–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96842-1_7.

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Pallaval Veera Bramhachari, N. M. Yugandhar, A. M. V. N. Prathyusha, G. Mohana Sheela, Jalaja Naravula, and Nagam Venkateswarlu. "Quorum Sensing Regulated Swarming Motility and Migratory Behavior in Bacteria." In Implication of Quorum Sensing System in Biofilm Formation and Virulence, 49–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2429-1_5.

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Bernabéu-Roda, Lydia M., Juan Antonio López-Ráez, and María J. Soto. "Analyzing the Effect of Strigolactones on the Motility Behavior of Rhizobia." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 91–103. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1429-7_8.

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Zhang, Wei-Jia, Sheng-Da Zhang, and Long-Fei Wu. "Measurement of Free-Swimming Motility and Magnetotactic Behavior of Magnetococcus massalia Strain MO-1." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 305–20. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6927-2_25.

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van Dyck, Zoé, and Annika P. C. Lutz. "On the Relationship Between Body Perception and Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults." In Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit im Jugendalter, 323–42. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35744-3_15.

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AbstractEating disorders are severe mental disorders with serious medical complications and poor long-term outcome, which typically develop during adolescence. Subclinical symptoms, such as body dissatisfaction, dieting, and binge eating, are common among adolescents, also in Luxembourg. Body perception, including how the body looks (visual perception) and how it feels (interoception), is altered on multiple levels in eating disorders. We construe interoception as a multilevel process, where signals are transmitted from the periphery to the central nervous system for further processing and initiation of physiological and behavioural responses to maintain homeostatic balance. Examples from research on young women in Luxembourg include delayed responses to satiation and abnormal gastric motility in people who binge eat, and increased cortical processing of heartbeats in patients with anorexia nervosa. Understanding the complexity of alterations in visual and interoceptive body perception, as well as their interactions with the bio-psycho-social changes associated with adolescence, is essential for the selection and further development of adequate intervention and prevention programmes. Modern approaches based on biofeedback and virtual reality may be particularly appealing to adolescents, and are currently being investigated in Luxembourg.
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Conference papers on the topic "Motility behaviour"

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Nayak, Monalisha, Ayyappasamy Sudalaiyadum Perumal, Dan V. Nicolau, and Falco C. M. J. M. van Delft. "Bacterial motility behaviour in sub-ten micron wide geometries." In 2018 16th IEEE International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/newcas.2018.8585689.

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Vourc’h, Thomas, Julien Léopoldès, and Hassan Peerhossaini. "Phototactic Behaviour of Active Fluids: Effects of Light Perturbation on Diffusion Coefficient of Bacterial Suspensions." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4904.

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Abstract Active fluids refer to the fluids that contain self-propelled particles such as bacteria or micro-algae, whose properties differ fundamentally from the passive fluids. Such particles often exhibit an intermittent motion; with high-motility “run” periods separated by low-motility “tumble” periods. The average motion can be modified with external stresses, such as nutrient or light gradient, leading to a directed movement called chemotaxis and phototaxis, respectively. Using cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803, a model micro-organism to study photosynthesis, we track the bacterial response to light stimuli, under isotropic and non-isotropic conditions. In particular, we investigate how the intermittent motility is influenced by illumination. We find that just after a rise in light intensity, the probability to be in the run state increases. This feature vanishes after a typical time of about 1 hour, when initial probability is recovered. Our results are well described by a model based on the linear response theory. When the perturbation is anisotropic, the characteristic time of runs is longer whatever the direction, similar to what is observed with isotropic conditions. Yet we observe a collective motion toward the light source (phototaxis) and show that the bias emerges because of more frequent runs towards the light.
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Liang, Xiaomeng, Lin-Ching Chang, Arash Massoudieh, Nanxi Lu, and Thanh H. Nguyen. "Quantitative Inference of Bacterial Motility Behavior." In 2015 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csci.2015.97.

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Vourc’h, Thomas, Julien Léopoldès, Annick Méjean, and Hassan Peerhossaini. "Motion of Active Fluids: Diffusion Dynamics of Cyanobacteria." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7526.

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Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic micro-organisms colonizing all aquatic and terrestrial environments. The motility of such living micro-organisms should make their diffusion distinct from typical Brownian motion. This diffusion can be investigated in terms of global behavior (Fickian or not) and in terms of displacement probabilities, which provide more detail about the motility process. Using cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 as the model micro-organism, we carry out time-lapse video microscopy to track and analyze the bacteria’s trajectories, from which we compute the mean-squared displacement (MSD) and the distribution function of displacement probabilities. We find that the motility of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is intermittent: high-motility “run” phases are separated by low-motility “tumble” phases corresponding to trapped states. However, this intermittent motility leads to a Fickian diffusive behavior, as shown by the evolution of the MSD with time.
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Fadlallah, Hadi, Hassan Peerhossaini, Christopher De Groot, and Mojtaba Jarrahi. "Motility Response to Hydrodynamic Stress During the Growth Cycle in Active Fluid Suspensions." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20125.

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Abstract In this work, we focus on the motility behavior of two model microorganisms widely used in the study of active fluids: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalga and Synechocystis sp. Cyanobacterium. Understanding the physiological responses of microorganisms under variable environmental conditions is essential for bioreactor engineering. Yet, most of the previous studies focused on the observation of cellular motility regardless of the growth process. Here, we measure the motility of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Synechocystis sp. during their growth when subjected to different intensities of hydrodynamic shear stress. The results demonstrate a significant difference in the motility response of the two species against the applied hydrodynamic shear stress. Mechanical agitation appears to affect the motility of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae by stimulating the growth process and increasing the magnitude of the cellular swimming velocity. The motility varies following 3 different phases: the rising phase starting almost at the middle of the exponential growth phase, and the decay and damped phases during the stationary phase. This behavior is described using a linear model for the rising phase and a damped oscillatory model for the decay and damped phases. The motility of Synechocystis does not follow a well-defined pattern in time. However, it seems that the peak of the swimming velocity occurs always in the middle of exponential phase of growth. Synechocystis cells show a high endurance to the applied shear such that the global effect of agitation intensity on their motility is insignificant.
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Samadi, Zahra, Malihe Mehdizadeh Allaf, Thomas Vourc'h, Christopher T. DeGroot, and Hassan Peerhossaini. "Are Active Fluids Age-Dependent?" In ASME 2022 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2022-87914.

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Abstract Active fluids are often is known as the aqueous suspensions of self-propelled elements such as bacteria, algae, or sperm cells, which their properties fundamentally differ from conventional fluids. Active fluids exhibit remarkable physical manifestations over a wide range of scales, from time-dependent microscopic diffusion to the large-scale colonization of aqueous spaces. Properties of active fluids depend on the behavior of microbial suspensions, among which motility plays a crucial role. In this work, we focus on the effect of microbial growth and aging on microorganism motility. Hence, the motility behavior of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. CPCC 534, and its relationship with aging were investigated in a closed microfluidic chip. The growth of Synechocystis cultures was followed from the lag phase, through exponential and linear growth up to the stationary phase. Culture samples were periodically examined; cell populations were measured by spectroscopy technique and cell trajectories were tracked by video-microscopy. Cell trajectory length and average cell motility were extracted from the video recordings and were correlated with the age and growth phase of the bacterium.
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Liang, Xiaomeng, Lin-Ching Chang, and Arash Massoudieh. "A framework for large-scale bacterial motility behavior analysis." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2016.7841095.

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Thangawng, Abel L., Rodney S. Ruoff, Jonathan C. Jones, and Matthew R. Glucksberg. "Substrate Stiffness Affects Laminin-332 Matrix Deposition in Cultured Keretinocytes." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176292.

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It has been reported that the mechanical properties of a substrate influence cell motility, morphology, and adhesion [1–3]. This work is an attempt to move a step further beyond cells’ sensing the mechanical properties of their environment, by determining whether the secretion and assembly of laminin extracellular matrix is regulated by the mechanical environment in which the cell is placed. We hypothesize that this matrix then influences the behavior of the cell, particularly with regard to its motility.
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Nikkhah, Mehdi, Jeannine S. Strobl, Bhanu Peddi, Adedamola Omotosho, and Masoud Agah. "Micropattern Effect on Breast Cancer Cells Behavior on Isotropically Etched Silicon Microenvironments." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13030.

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In this paper we are investigating three dimensional (3-D) silicon-based microenvironments as potential platforms for breast cancer diagnostics. We have developed isotropically etched microstructures with a wide range of geometrical patterns for this purpose. Our results indicate that with the etched surface ratio of ∼65%, it is possible to capture 80–90% of the cancer cells within each silicon chip. After treatment of the cells with mitomycin C (to block the cell growth) more number of the cells are trapped inside the etched features for longer cultures times (72 h) suggesting that there is a directed motility and attraction of the cells toward the etched cavities and by optimally designing the etched features, the proposed platforms can be potentially used for diagnostics purposes.
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Sahari, Ali, Meghan Canter, and Bahareh Behkam. "Effect of Body Geometry on the Motile Behavior of Bacteriabots." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80901.

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Micro-structures with complex geometries are being increasingly utilized in many fields from micro-robotics to targeted drug delivery [1,2]. Motility of spherical microstructures actuated by an ensemble of attached bacteria has been thoroughly characterized in previous literature [2–5] but a systematic study of the effect of micro structure geometry on propulsive behavior is currently missing. Mobile microrobots along with optimal body geometries are envisioned to impact minimally invasive diagnosis, localized treatment of diseases and environmental monitoring. Limited particle diffusion and directional coefficient of drag are some of the attributes that are enhanced through such bio-hybrid systems. In this work, we have utilized a low-cost and high throughput technique to obtain non-spherical mico-particles and investigate the effect of particle shape on the motile behavior of the BacteriaBots, which are bio-hybrid microrobots consisting of living propellers (bacteria) and a synthetic body.
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