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Academic literature on the topic 'Motifs nucléotidiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Motifs nucléotidiques"
Boissieras, Joseph. "Étude des interactions de ligands et d'anticorps avec les i-motifs de l'ADN." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF080.
Full textI-Motifs are tetrameric DNA structures constituted by mutually intercalated CH+:C base pairs that can form in cytosine-rich DNA sequences under slightly acidic conditions (pH ≈ 6.0) where some of cytosines are protonated. They have been known for over thirty years, but due to their strong pH dependence, these structures were long considered to exist only in vitro. Quite recently, in 2018, studies renewed interest in the i-motif suggesting its presence at the cellular level, especially due to the development of the iMab antibody, raised against i-motifs. Numerous sequences capable of forming i-motifs have been identified in active regions of the genome, such as at telomeres or oncogene promoters, suggesting potentially important biological roles for this structure. To determine these effects, tools complementary to antibodies need to be developed to control i-motif formation and stability. These chemical compounds capable of stabilizing the structure and thus controlling its formation are called ligands. Many compounds have been described over the years, but none has yet been unanimously accepted as a ligand for DNA motifs. This absence of a reference ligand is partly explained by the methods used so far to observe small-molecule interactions with the i-motif structure. Indeed, the techniques employed were inherited from studies of other DNA structures, and many biases introduced by them have been identified, calling previous observations into question. To clarify the subject and conclude on the various effects of compounds, we proposed a specific method for studying i-motifs that allows the evaluation of ligands' effects on these structures. Toward this end, a potentiometric titration method, based on circular dichroism studies at different pH, was developed and validated for the i-motif. This technique allows the observation of DNA conformation without labelling at different pH, thereby detecting stabilization caused by a ligand by measuring the transition pH between folded and unfolded DNA, in isothermal conditions. This method was then coupled with thermal studies, and both were used to test different compounds previously described in the literature and observe their effects on the i-motif's stability in relation to pH. The results show that among all the tested compounds, none were capable of stabilizing native i-motifs. While three compounds (TMPyP4, BRACO-19, and Mitoxantrone) did indeed show a destabilizing effect on the structure, only the complex [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ demonstrated some stabilizing capacity. However, this stabilization was only observed with a specific sequence with long loops, suggesting that this interaction occurs through interactions with DNA loops. The effects of other compounds on these loops were also studied, suggesting that the effects previously observed in the literature resulted from secondary, non-specific interactions with the i-motif loops. In the second part of this thesis, the selectivity of the iMab antibody was also assessed, and the results show that this antibody targets cytosine-rich DNA sequences rather than the i-motif specifically. Other results even indicate that this antibody can unfold the i-motif, further suggesting that it binds to unfolded C-rich sequences rather than to i-motifs. Overall, the results presented in this study show that none of the tested compounds could stabilize the i-motif by directly interacting with it, highlighting the difficulties of targeting this DNA structure. Additionally, the results concerning the iMab antibody call into question the interpretation of nuclear foci observed in other studies, which currently represent the only evidence of native i-motifs at the cellular level
Thérault, Patricia. "Formalisme CSP et localisation de motifs structurés dans les textes génomiques." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30081.
Full textEl, Soufi Karim. "Study of circular code motifs in nucleic acid sequences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD004.
Full textThe work done in this thesis presents a new direction for circular code identified in 1996 by analysing the motifs constructed from circular code. These particular motifs are called circular code motifs. We applied search algorithms to locate circular code motifs in nucleic acid sequences in order to find biological significance. In fact, the circular code X, which was found in gene sequences, is a set of trinucleotides that have the property of reading frame retrieval, synchronization and maintenance. We started our study in the ribosomal decoding centre (rRNA), an important region involved in the process of translating genes into proteins. Afterwards, we expanded our scope to study the interaction of rRNA through the X circular code. Finally, we search for the X circular code motifs in the complete DNA sequences of chromosomes of the eukaryotic genomes. This study introduced new properties to the circular code theory
El, Soufi Karim. "Study of circular code motifs in nucleic acid sequences." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD004/document.
Full textThe work done in this thesis presents a new direction for circular code identified in 1996 by analysing the motifs constructed from circular code. These particular motifs are called circular code motifs. We applied search algorithms to locate circular code motifs in nucleic acid sequences in order to find biological significance. In fact, the circular code X, which was found in gene sequences, is a set of trinucleotides that have the property of reading frame retrieval, synchronization and maintenance. We started our study in the ribosomal decoding centre (rRNA), an important region involved in the process of translating genes into proteins. Afterwards, we expanded our scope to study the interaction of rRNA through the X circular code. Finally, we search for the X circular code motifs in the complete DNA sequences of chromosomes of the eukaryotic genomes. This study introduced new properties to the circular code theory
Sanchez, David Raul Yusef. "Identification of the viral RNA ligands and host protein partners of the Rig-I Like Receptors in an active infection by viruses of positive and negative polarity." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC262.
Full textVirus infections can have deVastating consequences for the host and must therefore be controlled rapidly and effectively by antiviral innate immunity. The Rig-I-like receptors (RLRs: Rig-I, MDA5 and LGP2) are at the frontline of the evolutionary race between viruses and the host immune system. They play a major role in sensing RNA virus infection to initiate and modulate antiviral immunity. Upon RNA binding, RLRs trigger a downstream signalling cascade resulting in the expression of type-I interferons, proinflammatory cytokines and a diverse set of antiviral genes. One decade after RLRs discovery, much is known on the signalling cascade involved in their response, however molecular mechanisms that lead to RLRs activation still need further elucidation. Indeed, inside an infected tell RLRs interact with particular signatures of viral RNA but also with cellular protein partners, most of them being still unknown. Thus, innovative strategies are needed to obtain spatiotemporal networks of macromolecular interactions involving RLRs inside infected tells. In order to shed light on RNA and protein partners of RLRs in physiological conditions during an active viral infection, we generated a set of stable tell fines expressing tagged Rig-I, MDA5 and LGP2 proteins. Modern biochemical approaches based on affinity purification of tagged proteins, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of RNA molecules and mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) of protein complexes were applied. As a proof of principle one negative-sense (measles virus, MV) and one positive-sense (chikungunya virus, CHIKV) viruses were chosen. We obtained an extensive list of specific virus-host interactions between RLRs and both protein and RNA molecules. NGS analysis fi revealed that distinct regions of the MV and CHIKV genomes were specifically recognized in an RLR-dependent manner. Our findings suggests that during MV infection, Rig-I recognizes defective interfering genomes only if the viral strain produces them, whereas MDA5 and LGP2 specifically associate with RNA species originating from the MV nucleoprotein coding region. During CHIKV infection, only Rig-I was found to bind specifically the 3' untranslated region of the viral genome. Using our proteomic approach we established three prosperous lists of cellular proteins interacting either directly or indirectly with each of the three RLRs. These protein-protein interactions were highly specific because they were RLR-specific and conditions-dependent. Additionally, several previously described specific RLR partners were present in our protein lists. To our knowledge this study provides the first simultaneous visualisation of specific RNA and protein partners for Rig-I, MDA5 and LGP2 in living tells in the presence of different RNA viruses
Dallaire, Paul. "Une signature du polymorphisme structural d’acides ribonucléiques non-codants permettant de comparer leurs niveaux d’activités biochimiques." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12336.
Full textRecent experimental evidence indicates that RNA structure changes, sometimes very rapidly and that these changes are both required for biochemical activity and captured by the secondary structure prediction software MC-Fold. RNA structure is thus dynamic. We compared RNA sequences from the point of view of their structural dynamics so as to investigate how similar their biochemical activities were by computing a signature from the output of the structure prediction software MC-Fold. This required us to accelerate considerably the software MC-Fold. The algorithmic approach to this acceleration is described in chapter 1. In chapter 2, point mutations that disrupt the biochemical activity of microRNA are explained in terms of changes in RNA dynamics. Finally, in chapter 3 we identify dynamic structure windows in long RNA with potentially significant roles in autism spectrum disorders and separately in Xenopus ssp. (species of frogs) egg polarisation.