Academic literature on the topic 'Motifs du code circulaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Motifs du code circulaire"
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Michel, Christian J. "Circular code motifs in transfer RNAs." Computational Biology and Chemistry 45 (August 2013): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2013.02.004.
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El Soufi, Karim, and Christian J. Michel. "Circular code motifs in genomes of eukaryotes." Journal of Theoretical Biology 408 (November 2016): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.07.022.
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Fimmel, Elena, Christian J. Michel, and Lutz Strüngmann. "n -Nucleotide circular codes in graph theory." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2063 (March 13, 2016): 20150058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0058.
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The circular code theory proposes that genes are constituted of two trinucleotide codes: the classical genetic code with 61 trinucleotides for coding the 20 amino acids (except the three stop codons { TAA , TAG , TGA }) and a circular code based on 20 trinucleotides for retrieving, maintaining and synchronizing the reading frame. It relies on two main results: the identification of a maximal C 3 self-complementary trinucleotide circular code X in genes of bacteria, eukaryotes, plasmids and viruses (Michel 2015 J. Theor. Biol. 380, 156–177. ( doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.009 ); Arquès & Michel 1996 J. Theor. Biol. 182, 45–58. ( doi:10.1006/jtbi.1996.0142 )) and the finding of X circular code motifs in tRNAs and rRNAs, in particular in the ribosome decoding centre (Michel 2012 Comput. Biol. Chem. 37, 24–37. ( doi:10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2011.10.002 ); El Soufi & Michel 2014 Comput. Biol. Chem. 52, 9–17. ( doi:10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2014.08.001 )). The univerally conserved nucleotides A1492 and A1493 and the conserved nucleotide G530 are included in X circular code motifs. Recently, dinucleotide circular codes were also investigated (Michel & Pirillo 2013 ISRN Biomath. 2013, 538631. ( doi:10.1155/2013/538631 ); Fimmel et al. 2015 J. Theor. Biol. 386, 159–165. ( doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.08.034 )). As the genetic motifs of different lengths are ubiquitous in genes and genomes, we introduce a new approach based on graph theory to study in full generality n -nucleotide circular codes X , i.e. of length 2 (dinucleotide), 3 (trinucleotide), 4 (tetranucleotide), etc. Indeed, we prove that an n -nucleotide code X is circular if and only if the corresponding graph is acyclic. Moreover, the maximal length of a path in corresponds to the window of nucleotides in a sequence for detecting the correct reading frame. Finally, the graph theory of tournaments is applied to the study of dinucleotide circular codes. It has full equivalence between the combinatorics theory (Michel & Pirillo 2013 ISRN Biomath. 2013, 538631. ( doi:10.1155/2013/538631 )) and the group theory (Fimmel et al. 2015 J. Theor. Biol. 386, 159–165. ( doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.08.034 )) of dinucleotide circular codes while its mathematical approach is simpler.
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El Soufi, Karim, and Christian J. Michel. "Unitary circular code motifs in genomes of eukaryotes." Biosystems 153-154 (March 2017): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2017.02.001.
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El Soufi, Karim, and Christian J. Michel. "Circular code motifs in the ribosome decoding center." Computational Biology and Chemistry 52 (October 2014): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2014.08.001.
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El Soufi, Karim, and Christian J. Michel. "Circular code motifs near the ribosome decoding center." Computational Biology and Chemistry 59 (December 2015): 158–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.07.015.
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Blum, Christopher F., and Markus Kollmann. "Neural networks with circular filters enable data efficient inference of sequence motifs." Bioinformatics 35, no. 20 (March 27, 2019): 3937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz194.
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Abstract Motivation Nucleic acids and proteins often have localized sequence motifs that enable highly specific interactions. Due to the biological relevance of sequence motifs, numerous inference methods have been developed. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state of the art performance. These methods were able to learn transcription factor binding sites from ChIP-seq data, resulting in accurate predictions on test data. However, CNNs typically distribute learned motifs across multiple filters, making them difficult to interpret. Furthermore, networks trained on small datasets often do not generalize well to new sequences. Results Here we present circular filters, a novel convolutional architecture, that convolves sequences with circularly permutated variants of the same filter. We motivate circular filters by the observation that CNNs frequently learn filters that correspond to shifted and truncated variants of the true motif. Circular filters enable learning of full-length motifs and allow easy interpretation of the learned filters. We show that circular filters improve motif inference performance over a wide range of hyperparameters as well as sequence length. Furthermore, we show that CNNs with circular filters in most cases outperform conventional CNNs at inferring DNA binding sites from ChIP-seq data. Availability and implementation Code is available at https://github.com/christopherblum. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Michel, Christian J. "Single-Frame, Multiple-Frame and Framing Motifs in Genes." Life 9, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9010018.
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We study the distribution of new classes of motifs in genes, a research field that has not been investigated to date. A single-frame motif SF has no trinucleotide in reading frame (frame 0) that occurs in a shifted frame (frame 1 or 2), e.g., the dicodon AAACAA is SF as the trinucleotides AAA and CAA do not occur in a shifted frame. A motif which is not single-frame SF is multiple-frame MF. Several classes of MF motifs are defined and analysed. The distributions of single-frame SF motifs (associated with an unambiguous trinucleotide decoding in the two 5'–3' and 3'–5' directions) and 5′ unambiguous motifs 5'U (associated with an unambiguous trinucleotide decoding in the 5'–3' direction only) are analysed without and with constraints. The constraints studied are: initiation and stop codons, periodic codons AAA,CCC,GGG,TTT, antiparallel complementarity and parallel complementarity. Taken together, these results suggest that the complementarity property involved in the antiparallel (DNA double helix, RNA stem) and parallel sequences could also be fundamental for coding genes with an unambiguous trinucleotide decoding in the two 5'–3' and 3'–5' directions or the 5'–3' direction only. Furthermore, the single-frame motifs SF with a property of trinucleotide decoding and the framing motifs F (also called circular code motifs; first introduced by Michel (2012)) with a property of reading frame decoding may have been involved in the early life genes to build the modern genetic code and the extant genes. They could have been involved in the stage without anticodon-amino acid interactions or in the Implicated Site Nucleotides (ISN) of RNA interacting with the amino acids. Finally, the SF and MF dipeptides associated with the SF and MF dicodons, respectively, are studied and their importance for biology and the origin of life discussed.
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Wang, Jun, and Liangjiang Wang. "Deep learning of the back-splicing code for circular RNA formation." Bioinformatics 35, no. 24 (May 11, 2019): 5235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz382.
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Abstract Motivation Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous RNAs in animals and plants. During pre-RNA splicing, the 5′ and 3′ termini of exon(s) can be covalently ligated to form circRNAs through back-splicing (head-to-tail splicing). CircRNAs can be conserved across species, show tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression patterns, and may be associated with human disease. However, the mechanism of circRNA formation is still unclear although some sequence features have been shown to affect back-splicing. Results In this study, by applying the state-of-art machine learning techniques, we have developed the first deep learning model, DeepCirCode, to predict back-splicing for human circRNA formation. DeepCirCode utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) with nucleotide sequence as the input, and shows superior performance over conventional machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine and random forest. Relevant features learnt by DeepCirCode are represented as sequence motifs, some of which match human known motifs involved in RNA splicing, transcription or translation. Analysis of these motifs shows that their distribution in RNA sequences can be important for back-splicing. Moreover, some of the human motifs appear to be conserved in mouse and fruit fly. The findings provide new insight into the back-splicing code for circRNA formation. Availability and implementation All the datasets and source code for model construction are available at https://github.com/BioDataLearning/DeepCirCode. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Michel, Christian J. "Circular code motifs in transfer and 16S ribosomal RNAs: A possible translation code in genes." Computational Biology and Chemistry 37 (April 2012): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2011.10.002.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Motifs du code circulaire"
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El, Soufi Karim. "Study of circular code motifs in nucleic acid sequences." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD004/document.
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Le travail effectué dans cette thèse présente une nouvelle approche de la théorie du code circulaire dans les gènes qui a été initiée en 1996. Cette approche consiste à analyser les motifs construits à partir de ce code circulaire, ces motifs particuliers sont appelés motifs de code circulaire. Ainsi, nous avons développé des algorithmes de recherche pour localiser les motifs de code circulaire dans les séquences d'acides nucléiques afin de leur trouver une signification bioinformatique. En effet, le code circulaire X identifie dans les gènes est un ensemble de trinucleotides qui a la propriété de retrouver, synchroniser et maintenir la phase de lecture. Nous avons commencé notre analyse avec le centre de décodage du ribosome (ARNr) qui est une région majeure dans le processus de traduction des gènes aux protéines. Puis, nous avons étendu les résultats obtenus avec le ribosome aux ARN de transfert (ARNt) pour étudier les interactions ARNr-ARNt. Enfin, nous avons généralisé la recherche de motifs de code circulaire X dans l'ADN aux chromosomes d'eucaryotes completsThe work done in this thesis presents a new direction for circular code identified in 1996 by analysing the motifs constructed from circular code. These particular motifs are called circular code motifs. We applied search algorithms to locate circular code motifs in nucleic acid sequences in order to find biological significance. In fact, the circular code X, which was found in gene sequences, is a set of trinucleotides that have the property of reading frame retrieval, synchronization and maintenance. We started our study in the ribosomal decoding centre (rRNA), an important region involved in the process of translating genes into proteins. Afterwards, we expanded our scope to study the interaction of rRNA through the X circular code. Finally, we search for the X circular code motifs in the complete DNA sequences of chromosomes of the eukaryotic genomes. This study introduced new properties to the circular code theory
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El, Soufi Karim. "Study of circular code motifs in nucleic acid sequences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD004.
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Le travail effectué dans cette thèse présente une nouvelle approche de la théorie du code circulaire dans les gènes qui a été initiée en 1996. Cette approche consiste à analyser les motifs construits à partir de ce code circulaire, ces motifs particuliers sont appelés motifs de code circulaire. Ainsi, nous avons développé des algorithmes de recherche pour localiser les motifs de code circulaire dans les séquences d'acides nucléiques afin de leur trouver une signification bioinformatique. En effet, le code circulaire X identifie dans les gènes est un ensemble de trinucleotides qui a la propriété de retrouver, synchroniser et maintenir la phase de lecture. Nous avons commencé notre analyse avec le centre de décodage du ribosome (ARNr) qui est une région majeure dans le processus de traduction des gènes aux protéines. Puis, nous avons étendu les résultats obtenus avec le ribosome aux ARN de transfert (ARNt) pour étudier les interactions ARNr-ARNt. Enfin, nous avons généralisé la recherche de motifs de code circulaire X dans l'ADN aux chromosomes d'eucaryotes completsThe work done in this thesis presents a new direction for circular code identified in 1996 by analysing the motifs constructed from circular code. These particular motifs are called circular code motifs. We applied search algorithms to locate circular code motifs in nucleic acid sequences in order to find biological significance. In fact, the circular code X, which was found in gene sequences, is a set of trinucleotides that have the property of reading frame retrieval, synchronization and maintenance. We started our study in the ribosomal decoding centre (rRNA), an important region involved in the process of translating genes into proteins. Afterwards, we expanded our scope to study the interaction of rRNA through the X circular code. Finally, we search for the X circular code motifs in the complete DNA sequences of chromosomes of the eukaryotic genomes. This study introduced new properties to the circular code theory
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Dila, Gopal Krishna. "Motifs de codes circulaires dans les gènes codant les protéines et les ARN ribosomaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAD027.
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La thèse porte sur les motifs du code circulaire X, un code correcteur d'erreurs trouvé dans les gènes, qui ont la capacité de trouver le cadre de lecture. Nous avons étudié la conservation des motifs X dans les gènes de différentes espèces et identifié des pressions sélectives spécifiques pour les maintenir. Nous avons aussi identifié des motifs X universels dans l'ARN ribosomique, situés dans des régions fonctionnelles importantes du ribosome et suggérant que les codes circulaires ont représenté une étape importante dans l'émergence du code génétique standard (SGC). Ensuite, nous avons étudié le rôle fonctionnel des motifs X dans la traduction moderne et identifié une forte corrélation entre l'enrichissement des motifs X et le niveau de traduction des gènes. Enfin, nous avons comparé l'optimalité du code X avec le SGC et d'autres codes circulaires maximaux, et identifié une nouvelle fonctionnalité de X dans la minimisation des effets des erreurs après un décalage du cadreThe thesis focuses on motifs of the circular code X, an error-correcting code found in protein-coding genes, which have the ability to synchronize the reading frame. We first investigated the evolutionary conservation of X motifs in genes of different species and identified specific selective pressures to maintain them. We also identified a set of universal X motifs in ribosomal RNAs, which are located in important functional regions of the ribosome and suggest that circular codes represented an important step in the emergence of the standard genetic code (SGC). Then, we investigated the functional role of X motifs in modern translation processes and identified a strong correlation between X motif enrichment in genes and translation levels. Finally, we compared the frameshift optimality of the circular code X with the SGC and other maximal circular codes, and identified a new functionality of the code X in minimizing the effects of translation errors after frameshift events
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Lecerf, Jason. "Designing language-agnostic code transformation engines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I077.
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Les transformations automatiques de code apparaissent dans diverses situations, les refactorings, les migrations inter-langages ou encore la spécialisation de code. Les moteurs supportant ces transformations cherchent dans le code source les occurrences de motifs spécifiés par l’utilisateur, puis les réécrivent grâce à une transformation. Cette transformation peut soit modifier les occurrences elles-mêmes, des éléments de la représentation intermédiaire (IR) du langage, en nouveaux éléments ou réécrire leur code source. Nous nous concentrons sur la réécriture de code source qui offre une meilleure flexibilité grâce à des transformations arbitraires particulièrement utiles à la migration et à la spécialisation de code. Les motifs sont divisés en deux catégories : les motifs explicites et syntaxiques. Les premiers demandent que l’utilisateur connaisse l’IR du langage, un effort d’apprentissage non négligeable. Les seconds demandent seulement de connaître la syntaxe du langage et non son IR, mais requièrent un effort d’implémentation supplémentaire pour les back-ends de langage du moteur. Tandis que les experts en langage connaissent l’IR et la syntaxe du langage, les autres utilisateurs connaissent seulement la syntaxe. Nous proposons un moteur de reconnaissance de motifs offrant une représentation hybride des motifs : les motifs peuvent être à la fois explicites et syntaxiques. Par défaut, le moteur se rabat sur un fonctionnement syntaxique, car la barrière à l’entrée est plus basse. Pour pallier au coup d’implémentation des back-ends de langage pour la reconnaissance syntaxique, nous prenons une approche générative. Le moteur de reconnaissance hybride est couplé avec un moteur de génération d’analyseurs syntaxiques. Ce dernier génère des analyseurs syntaxiques LR généralisés (GLR) capables d’analyser non seulement le code source à réécrire, mais également le motif à reconnaitre. L’implémenteur du back-end de langage n’a alors qu’à ajouter une ligne à la grammaire pour avoir accès au moteur de reconnaissance de motifs pour ce langage. L’approche est basée sur des analyseurs syntaxiques GLR pouvant se dupliquer et traquant ses sous-analyseurs. Ces implémentations particulières de GLR ne passent pas à l’échelle quand trop de duplications sont nécessaires pour gérer les ambiguïtés et notre approche ajoute de la duplication. Pour éviter une explosion du temps d’exécution, nos analyseurs syntaxiques FGLR fusionnent plus régulièrement et permettent une désambiguïsation à la volée pendant l’analyse via des effets de bordCode transformations are needed in various cases: refactorings, migrations, code specialization, and so on. Code transformation engines work by finding a pattern in the source code and rewriting its occurrences according to the transformation. The transformation either rewrites the occurrences, elements of the intermediate representation (IR) of the language, into new elements or directly rewrites the source code. In this work, we focused on source rewriting since it offers more flexibility through arbitrary transformations, especially for migrations and specializations. Matching patterns come in two different flavors, explicit and syntactic. The former requires the user to know the IR of the language, a heavy knowledge burden. The latter only relies on the syntax of the matched language and not its IR, but requires significantly more work to implement the language back-ends. Language experts tend to know the IR and the syntax of a language, while other users know only the syntax. We propose a pattern matching engine offering a hybrid pattern representation: both explicit and syntactic matching are available in the same pattern. The engine always defaults to syntactic as it is the lowest barrier to entry for patterns. To counterbalance the implementation cost of language back-ends for syntactic pattern matching, we take a generative approach. We combine the hybrid pattern matching engine with a parser generator. The parser generator generates generalized LR (GLR) parsers capable of not only parsing the source but also the hybrid pattern. The back-end implementer only needs to add one line to the grammar of the language to activate the pattern matching engine. This approach to pattern matching requires GLR parsers capable of forking and keeping track of each individual fork. These GLR implementations suffer the more forking is done to handle ambiguities and patterns require even more forking. To prevent an explosion, our Fibered-GLR parsers merge more often and allow for classic disambiguation during the parse through side-effects
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Ladaviere, Laurent. "Analyse de la structure tridimensionnelle du site antigénique immunodominant de la nucléocapside du virus de l'hépatite C par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10054.
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Le virus de l'hepatite c (vhc) est un des virus carcinogenes repertories chez l'homme. Des etudes antigeniques de la proteine de la nucleocapside ont demontre que sa sequence 2-45 contenait les epitopes immunodominants et suggeraient que certains de ceux-ci etaient de type conformationnel. Pour comprendre les relations structure-antigenicite de cette region de la nucleocapside nous avons entrepris la determination de sa structure 3d grace a des peptides synthetiques. L'analyse structurale par rmn des peptides en solution aqueuse montre la presence d'une conformation helicoidale au cur de la sequence 2-45 de la nucleocapside. Apres stabilisation par addition de trifluoroethanol, les modeles tridimensionnels obtenus montrent que la region structuree est en fait constituee par un motif 3d particulier de type helice-boucle-helice (les deux helices etant maintenues perpendiculaires l'une par rapport a l'autre). Pour verifier l'importance de ce motif structural dans l'antigenicite, un peptide ne contenant que la sequence correspondant a ce motif a ete synthetise. Ce peptide qui contient bien le motif helice-boucle-helice est qualitativement aussi antigenique que la sequence 2-45 entiere. Par contre, la substitution de la l-proline presente dans la boucle par une proline de serie d conduit a la perte de la structure tertiaire du motif ainsi qu'a la disparition de la reconnaissance par les anticorps. L'ensemble des resultats obtenus demontre donc que le motif 3d helice-boucle-helice contient au moins un epitope conformationnel essentiel a l'immunoreactivite de cette region de la nucleocapside. Ce travail constitue la premiere determination de la structure 3d d'une region de la nucleocapside du vhc. Il apporte des informations fondamentales pour ameliorer la selectivite des tests de depistage serologique et pour rationaliser les strategies de lutte contre ce virus
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Boussahmain, Rabia. "Le divorce pour discorde en droit marocain sous le nouveau code de la famille." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0004/document.
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Le rétablissement de l’égalité rompue entre les époux était l’une des questions épineuses qui ont motivé les différentes réclamations des réformes du droit de la famille au Maroc.La nouvelle voie de divorce pour discorde s’inscrit dans cette logique qui est d’octroyer à la femme le droit de se libérer du lien de mariage sans qu’elle ait besoin d’établir aucun motif, tout comme le droit du mari à la répudiation.La procédure de discorde, d’origine purement religieuse, est appelée à assurer une double fonction, d’une part, répondre à la question du référentiel religieux, d’autre part, rétablir l’égalité entre les sexes lors de la rupture du lien conjugal. Mais la réglementation législative de cette institution cache un consensus entre les deux courants : conservateur traditionaliste et celui favorable à la promotion des droits de la femme, ce qui ne manque de se répercuter sur la pratique jurisprudentielle et l’appréhension doctrinale de la procédure de divorce et menace l’existence même des motifs classiques de divorce voire de la répudiationRestoring the equality disrupted between spouses is one of the big issues which motivated the claims to reform the family code in Morocco.The new divorce on the ground of discord is to grant women the right to free herself from the marriage bond without providing a cause, same as the right of men of repudiation.The discord procedure, which is purely religious, aims at answering the religious terms of reference and restoring the equality between men and women when the marital bond is terminated.However, the legislative regulation in this institution hides a consensus between the two parties: conservative and traditionalist vrs the one in favor of promoting women’s right. This affect the practice of the law case and the apprehension of doctrinal nature of the divorce procedure. It also presents a threat to the classic causes of divorce and even to the repudiation
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King, Gemma. "Multilingualism and Power in Contemporary French Cinema." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA075.
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Le dialogue en langues autres que le français a figuré dans un petit nombre de films depuis la naissance du cinéma français. Cependant, l’usage de langues multiples pour (re)négocier les rapports de pouvoir devient un élément thématique et narratif important dans le cinéma contemporain. Dans ces films, la représentation du statut d’une gamme de langues autres que le français est en train d’évoluer. A travers l’apprentissage de la langue et le code-switching stratégique, les personnages obtiennent et exercent le pouvoir de manières novatrices. En exploitant leur connaissance d’une variété de langues, des linguas francas comme l’anglais, à des langues d’immigration, souvent socio-politiquement marginalisées, comme l’arabe ou le kurde, les personnages multilingues de ces films présentent une contre-perspective aux idéologies dominatrices du rôle et du statut de la langue française. Cette thèse examine le rôle du pouvoir social et son rapport avec la langue, tel qu’il est représenté dans les films multilingues français contemporains, en se focalisant en particulier sur quatre études de cas représentatives : Polisse (Maïwenn 2011), Un prophète (Jacques Audiard 2009), Welcome (Philippe Lioret 2009) et London River (Rachid Bouchareb 2009). Ces films sont analysés selon la perspective du multiculturalisme polycentrique, théorie développée par Ella Shohat et Robert Stam. Cette théorie propose « de disperser le pouvoir, de valoriser les dévalorisés, de transformer les institutions et discours subordonnants ». En considérant ces films comme l’illustration d’une tendance plus générale dans le cinéma français, cette thèse montre que les films français multilingues contemporains commencent à remettre en cause les politiques linguistiques qui placent, dans le cadre national, la langue française en position unique de « langue de pouvoir » et à introduire une nouvelle vision des rapports de pouvoir linguistiques, ce qui met en avant la valeur de langues étrangères (même les plus marginalisées historiquement), dans le contexte du cinéma français contemporainDialogue in languages other than French has appeared in a select number of films throughout the history of French cinema. Yet not only is multilingual dialogue vastly more present in twenty-first-century French film, but the use of multiple languages to (re)negotiate power dynamics is a striking narrative and thematic concern in contemporary French cinema. In multilingual film, the depiction of the status of a wide range of languages other than French is evolving from trivialised to deeply complex; through language learning and strategic code-switching, the characters of these films wrest power from one another and wield it in innovative ways. Exploiting their knowledge of a wide range of languages, from rival lingua francas like English to traditionally migrant or socio-politically marginalised languages such as Arabic or Kurdish, multilingual characters in these films offer a counter-perspective to dominating ideologies of the role and status of the French language.This thesis adopts a transnationalist approach to understandings of social power and language, analysing multilingual film through the framework of Ella Shohat and Robert Stam’s theory of polycentric multiculturalism, which “is about dispersing power, about empowering the disempowered, about transforming subordinating institutions and discourses” (Shohat and Stam 1994: 48). Unpacking the power dynamics at play in the multilingual film dialogue of four emblematic case studies (Polisse [Maïwenn 2011], Un prophète [Jacques Audiard 2009], Welcome [Philippe Lioret 2009] and London River [Rachid Bouchareb 2009]), the thesis posits that contemporary French multilingual films, henceforward referred to as CFMFs, represent a move towards revising the representation of language in French cinema, foregrounding the potential of languages other than French (even the maligned or historically disenfranchised) to empower their speakers and to transcend the traditional integrationist paradigm
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Derbac, Gheorghe. "Mémoire et filiation : scénarisation familiale des conflits historiques dans l’oeuvre de George Sand." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAL017.
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Au XIXe siècle, la transmission de la mémoire en contexte familial se complique d’une relation problématique à l’Histoire : héritage ou rupture idéologiques isolent l’individu, confronté aux changements de régime comme aux palinodies sociales des siens et de son temps. C’est cette interrelation du sujet, de la famille et de l’Histoire que la présente thèse s’attache à explorer, dans le domaine de la fiction romanesque du XIXe siècle, qui scénarise (et dramatise) fréquemment ce conflit, tout à la fois intime et collectif. Le corpus proposé contient une sélection de romans de George Sand, sans délimitation chronologique. Un dispositif familial complexe se dégage de cette écriture fondée sur l’exercice d’une mémoire non dénuée d’effets de fictionnalisation. Le jeu des générations, qui s’articule autour du clivage Ancien/nouveau régime, trouve son modèle dans Histoire de ma vie et dans d’autres textes autobiographiques. Ce dispositif nous servira de paradigme pour explorer l’ensemble des reprises et variations auxquelles il donne lieu dans les romans et nouvelles qui se prêtent à une telle approche. Nous observerons quelles sont les différentes figurations de la famille ou de ses avatars, comment se définit la notion de « filiation » et comment se détermine et s’édifie le sujet dans ce contexte. Le concept de « mémoire » est en jeu dans cette réflexion qui peut emprunter des chemins plus inattendus, comme celui de l’art. Famille, mémoire, identité peuvent ainsi subir un certain nombre de mutations qu’on analysera, toujours en relation avec le cadre socio-historique, juridique ou une problématisation idéologiqueIn the nineteenth century, passing on memory in the family is complicated by a problematic relationship to history: ideological heritage or rupture isolate the individual, confronted with changes in the regime as well as with the social palinodes of his own and of his time. It is precisely this interrelation between subject, family and History in the nineteenth century fiction, which frequently stages (and dramatizes) this conflict – both personal and collective – that this thesis aims to explore. The chosen corpus comprises a selection of novels by George Sand, irrespective of their chronological order. A complex family device emerges from this writing based on a use of memory not devoid of effects of fictionalization. The generation game, which revolves around the Old Regime / New Regime cleavage, finds its model in Story of My Life and other autobiographical texts. This device will serve as a paradigm for us to explore all the recurrences and variations to which it gives rise in novels and short stories that allow such an approach. We will observe the different representations of family or of its avatars, how the notion of “filiation” is defined and how the subject is established and built in this context. The concept of “memory” is at stake in this reflection, which can take more unexpected paths, such as that of art. Family, memory, identity can thus undergo a certain number of mutations that will be analyzed, always in relation with the socio-historical and legal framework or with an ideological perspective
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Glaumaud-Carbonnier, Marion. "Quereller l'azur. Lignes et figures du divorce dans le récit français (1870-1905)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA150.
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Le divorce comme objet d’étude littéraire, la proposition peut surprendre. La répartition distributive des champs et des domaines de pensée exigerait que l’on en fasse, au choix, le sujet d’une réflexion historique, politique, juridique, sociale ou morale. De littérature, il n’est en revanche point question. En 1884, la réhabilitation du divorce dans la législation française est pourtant l’œuvre d’une combinatoire inédite entre politique et littérature. Depuis les tribunes et les colonnes des journaux, dans les essais et dans les livres, la narration des malheurs matrimoniaux d’hommes et de femmes pris dans les tenailles de la loi, se débattant contre une fatalité civile qui contraint leur vie privée et conjugale, crie en faveur du démariage. Alors que les liens entre le récit et la revendication d’une désunion légale sont séculaires, noués notamment dans les œuvres de George Sand, le combat de plumes mené contre l’indissolubilité du mariage va significativement révolutionner la pensée de la littérature à thèse, encourager une réflexion sur la fonction de l’écrivain, sur son rapport au droit, et démontrer le pouvoir de la littérature sur les mœurs et sur la rédaction des lois. Outil d’analyse précieux pour comprendre le fait intellectuel, littéraire et narratif des débuts de la IIIe République, le motif du démariage sert de plus l’étude de la représentation de la conjugalité dans le récit français de la fin du XIXe siècle. Devenu légal, le divorce bouleverse en effet l’imaginaire du récit de mœurs privées et inaugure de nouvelles situations narratives : la rencontre avec l’ancien époux, la jalousie du nouveau mari, la seconde nuit de noces, le passé sexuel de la femme deviennent bientôt les lieux communs et les lois narratives du genre. La promulgation du divorce éprouve néanmoins rudement les coutumes narratives françaises : en offrant une solution au récit d’adultère, le divorce brise un modèle narratif séculaire, et oblige le récit à repenser ses fatalités et ses formesDivorce as an object of literary study, the proposal may surprise. The distinctiveness of fields and areas of research requires that a choice be made to study the question from a historical, political, legal, social or moral point of view. Literature, however, is never even considered. In 1884, the rehabilitation of divorce in French legislation was the result of an unusual combination of politics and literature. From the editorials and columns of the newspapers, in essays and in books, the narration of matrimonial misfortunes of men and women caught strangled by the law, wrestling against a civil inevitability that constrains their private and conjugal life, clamors for un-marriage. While the ties between literature and the claims for legal disunion are secular, linked in the works of George Sand, the battle of pens fighting against the indissolubility of marriage will significantly change the thinking of engaged literature and encourage a reasoning on the role of the writer, his relation to the law, and to demonstrate the power of literature on morals and the drafting of legislation.As a valuable analytical tool to understand the intellectual, literary and narrative aspects of the beginnings of the Third Republic, the un-marriage topic can be used to study the representation of conjugality in the French narrative of the end of the 19th century. Henceforth legal, divorce in fact transforms the imagination of literature on private morals and inaugurates new narrative situations: the encounter with the former husband, the jealousy of the new husband, the second wedding night, and the sexual past of the woman, all soon become common practice in the literary genre. The promulgation of divorce nevertheless rudely tests French narrative customs: by offering a solution to stories of adultery, divorce breaks a secular narrative model, and obliges literature to rethink its fatalities and its forms
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Kaiser, Florian. "Structural Bioinformatics to Understand the Origin of the Genetic Code: Structural Motif Detection in Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31991.
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One of the most profound open questions in biology is how the genetic code developed. The blueprints for proteins are encoded by triplets of nucleic acids, which in turn require proteins for interpretation and replication. The mere existence of this self-referencing system is a chicken-and-egg dilemma. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are key players in the transfer of genetic information and reflect the earliest episode of life. These enzymes are responsible for loading tRNA molecules with the correct amino acid. Two protein superfamilies of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases emerged, each responsible for ten amino acids. Despite sequence and structure similarity, the delicate balance between these superfamilies is manifested in two structural motifs, which were identified in the context of this thesis: the Backbone Brackets and the Arginine Tweezers. Both motifs realize constant ligand recognition and can be found in almost all protein structures of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
In this thesis, I thoroughly characterized Backbone Brackets and Arginine Tweezers. The specific characteristics of these motifs require high-precision methods for their detection and analysis. However, existing algorithms do not feature an adequate computational representation of structural motifs at the atom level and the support of isofunctional residue mutations. In order to address these limitations, I designed the Fit3D algorithm for template-based and template-free detection of structural motifs. I show that proper computational representation of structural motifs is crucial and improves accuracy up to 26% for a benchmark dataset. Fit3D is a general-purpose tool for structural motif detection in high-resolution protein structure data. In conjunction with the accelerating progress in experimental methods, the demand for such tools will increase rapidly over the next years.
I applied Fit3D to structures of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to investigate whether Backbone Brackets and Arginine Tweezers are universal building blocks for ligand recognition, and to quantify structural changes upon ligand binding. While the Arginine Tweezers motif is exclusively found in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and paralogs, the Backbone Brackets seem to be a general pattern to recognize functional groups of certain ligands. The results show subtle differences in side chain orientation for one structural motif and a backbone shift for the other. This suggests a structural rearrangement to be a general mechanism in some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The detailed level of these analyses would not have been possible without high-precision structural motif detection with Fit3D.
The results emphasize the importance of structural motifs, which consist of only a few residues, for the global function of the enzyme. Furthermore, the stunning conservation of the structural motifs located in the core domains of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases suggests their presence in the earliest predecessors of these enzymes. Both motifs might have played a fundamental role in shaping the genetic code as we know it.
Books on the topic "Motifs du code circulaire"
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France. Exposé des motifs du code Napoléon: Presenté au corps legislatif. Holmes Beach, FL: Gaunt, 2001.
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Catholic Church. Diocèse de Montréal. Évêque (1840-1876 : Bourget). Circulaire au clergé: Le décret de la S.C. des rites que je vous transmets dans le mandement ci-joint, renferme de si puissants motifs pour encourager la dévotion à St. Joseph .. [.l: s.n., 1986.
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Église catholique. Archidiocèse de Québec. Administrateur (1855-1867 : Baillargeon). Circulaire au clergé: Comme il est nécessaire que tous les curés connaissent les dispositions de notre code civil, maintenant en force dans la province, concernant la tenue des registres de paroisses .. [S.l: s.n., 1985.
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Council of Europe. Committee of Ministers. Le Code européen d'éthique de la police: Recommandation rec (2001)10 adoptée par le Comité des ministres du Conseil de l'Europe, le 19 septembre 2001 et exposé des motifs. Strasbourg: Conseil de l'Europe, 2002.
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Larocque), Église catholique Diocèse de Saint-Hyacinthe Évêque (1866-1875 :. Circulaire privée au clergé: Pour son information et sa direction personnelle, à propos, 1 ̊de certains sujets, relatifs à des questions ne relevant que de l'autorité ecclésiastique, 2 ̊du code des curés, marguilliers et paroissiens .. [S.l: s.n., 1986.
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M. O. T. D. E. Passe EDITION. Carnet de Mots de Passe Alphabetique : A5/110 Pages: Couverture Noire Avec des Motifs de Code. Independently Published, 2020.
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Locré, Jean-Guillaume. Esprit du Code Napoléon, Tiré de la Discussion, Ou Conférence... du Projet de Code Civil, des Observations des Tribunaux, des Procès-Verbaux du Conseil d'etat, des Observations du Tribunat, des Exposés de Motifs... Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2019.
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Jean Guillaume Locré De Roissy. Esprit Da Code De Commerce: Ou, Commentaire Puisé Dans Les Procès-Verbaux Du Conseil D'état, Les Exposés De Motifs Et Discours, Les Observations Du ... De Commerce, Etc., Etc.; Et Complément Du. Arkose Press, 2015.
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Les Registres Pros V3 V1 Editions. Registre des Accidents du Travail B�nins: Conforme Aux Articles L. 441 et D441-1 � D441-4 du Code de la S�curit� Sociale - Lign� de 101 Pages - 21,59cm X 27,94cm Broch� - Fond Bleu Motifs Fleurs. Independently Published, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Motifs du code circulaire"
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Gee, Emma. "Intermezzo." In Mapping the Afterlife, 156–86. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670481.003.0007.
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Knowledge of the nature of the universe is a prerequisite in afterlife accounts. It is necessary because the soul’s ultimate aim is identification with the universe, the phenomenon the author calls “psychic harmonization.” For this to happen, the soul must understand the universe. The apparent need for a vision of the universe is the key to understanding the doubling of eschatological space: within any afterlife journey must come the revelation, in which the world is glimpsed in sum. But what is this universe with which the soul must come into line? It is not a constant. Over time, as the reach of human concepts of the universe expands, human cycles are assimilated into an increasingly expansive universe. It is the need to accommodate ever-larger areas of lateral motion within a fundamental casing of circular order that causes the universe to “expand.” As we discover more areas of disorderly motion, the outer skin of order just gets bigger, reducing the significance of the original areas of disorder. Congruently, the soul’s arena of activity expands alongside the model of the universe. This chapter shows both how the cycles of the universe function and how the universe expands between Homer and Dante (and beyond).
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Variego, Jorge. "Rhythm (Exercises 41–60)." In Composing with Constraints, 43–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190057237.003.0004.
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Rhythm in this chapter is conceived as the pace at which music unfolds in time. Note values, rests, and other sources of rhythmic notation are a way to control the temporal evolution of a new composition. Exercise 41 proposes a series of simple mathematical transformations to given rhythmic structures; 42 and 43 use segments of equal and unequal length. Numbers 44 and 45 incorporate the concept of non-retrogradable rhythmic structures, the goal of 46 is to extract the rhythm of a given text using its syllables and accents, 47 uses groupings to generate meter, and 48 uses a Morse code translator to extract the durations from a given text. Exercise 49 brings back the concept of rhythmic ostinato; 50 and 51 employ hemiolas. Number 52 is based on the use of several time signatures simultaneously (polymeter), 53 incorporates metric modulations, and 54 uses rhythmic motifs as building blocks. Number 55 continues with the use of motifs, shifting them in time. The concepts of talea and color from isorhythmic motets are included in exercise 56. Looping and composing using repeat signs are included in number 57; 58 is about indeterminate pauses and fermatas. Rhythmic transformations using eliminations are at the core of 59; exercise 60 proposes an experimentation with the perception of pulse.
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Withall, Keith. "The Wider Context." In Studying Early and Silent Cinema, 129–46. Liverpool University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906733704.003.0007.
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This chapter explores the topics of silent film, censorship, and the development of cinematic technology. The roots of all the major film censorship systems lie in the silent era. As such, it helps one to understand the peculiarities of the British system by explaining how the system emerged, and in particular the odd role of local authorities, which produces idiosyncratic exceptions to this day. Equally, the US Hays Code, while its enforcement really dates from the sound era, was formed and moulded in the silent days. Many of the motifs and generic elements of film music also go back to silent roots. The chapter then examines the widespread variety and diversity of silent world cinema. It also considers the return to classical Hollywood for film plots and narratives in contemporary Hollywood.
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Golden, Rachel May. "Near and Distant Lands in First Crusade Songs." In Mapping Medieval Identities in Occitanian Crusade Song, 155–87. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190948610.003.0005.
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Two First Crusade songs from the turn of the twelfth century—Ierusalem mirabilis and Nomen a solemnibus—demonstrate Occitanian attitudes toward violence, Jerusalem, and dynamic Crusade journeys. Both come from the Aquitanian versus repertory and reference current or recent events pertaining to the First Crusade, and the state of Jerusalem between 1096 and 1099. In this way, they enhance our understanding of the versus repertory, which typically focuses on broader themes of Marian and Christological theology. Both songs rely upon various elements of Pope Urban’s Crusade call and contemporaneous crusading ideologies. They employ musical-poetic rhetorical techniques such as circular motion and dialectic opposition in order to portray the early Crusades as active, vital campaigns. The also employ deictic language to mark positionality and us-versus-them belief systems. In so doing, they position Jerusalem and Occitania—conceptually and geographically—in relation to one another, particularly through spatial notions of nearness and distance.
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Lukes, Igor. "Lord Runciman and Comrade Zhdanov: Western and Soviet Policies toward Czechoslovakia from June to Early September 1938." In Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler, 189–224. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195102666.003.0006.
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Abstract The partial mobilization of the Czechoslovak army in May turned, at least for a fleeting moment, into a near triumph for the Prague government. It seemed that Hitler had lost initiative. Rumors started to circulate in Berlin that the Fuhrer was in one of his ‘‘black moods’’ and that he would try to regain momentum by occupying the Sudetenland before the opening of the Nazi party congress scheduled to take place at Nuremberg in September. The leadership of the Czechoslovak army responded to this threat by requesting that the Prague government pass a law adding another twelve months to the existing two-year military service obligation. Meanwhile, an additional forty thousand reservists were called up, and the Goebbels propaganda machine appeared to have stalled when confronted with units of the Czechoslovak army deployed along the fortified borders. The tension between Prague and Berlin was such that a few cannon shots fired in error could have set in motion what many had come to fear: another war in Europe.
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Bentham, Jeremy. "Accounting for Rationality." In The Many Faces of Philosophy, 317–25. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134025.003.0025.
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Abstract After graduating from Oxford, Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) studied law at Lincoln’s Inn. Although he was admitted to the bar in 1767, he was never in practice. Bentham’s monumental work in jurisprudence, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789), rested on utilitarian principles: legislation should be crafted to promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number. He thought there could be a hedonic calculation of the projectible balance of (physical and psychological) pleasure over pain, taking into account their relative intensity, ramification, and duration, as well as the probability of their occurrence. Bentham applied this principle to the assessment of motives and actions as well as to the evaluation of social policy. Although he is sometimes misrepresented as a radical egoist, his version of hedonism extends to a limited indirect altruism that derives personal pleasure in the well-being of others. While he notoriously claimed that push-pin is as good as poetry, he acknowledged that some intellectual pleasures might be more enduring and ramified than many sensory pleasures. With James and John Stuart Mill, Bentham established University College, London; they also founded and contributed to the politically influential Westminster Review. Bentham produced numerous pamphlets on the issues of the day: the selection of juries, laws of libel, debt and usury, rules of evidence, and public education. He took a lively interest in the theory and practice of civic punishment, formulating characteristically elaborate criteria for a deterrent policy. His interest extended to the architecture of prisons, and he sketched a panoptical design that placed guards in the center of a circular tier of cells. He conducted an extensive political correspondence with his brother Samuel, who served in the British legation in Russia, and with Czar Alexander of Russia, whom he tried to persuade to adopt his measures for penal reform. He hoped to interest Catherine the Great in his Constitutional Code (1830) but declined her invitation to visit Russia. Bentham was made an honorary citizen of France in 1792.
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Bobilewicz, Grażyna. "Obraz Afryki w malarstwie rosyjskim XX i początku XXI wieku." In Afryka i (post)kolonializm. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8088-260-7.07.
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The research on Russian painting of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century in the context of early and modern African culture/art belongs to the realm of theoretical reflection within such disciplines as cultural geography, anthropology of place and space, cultural and existential experience, geocriticism (painterly depictions of natural and urban space), geopoetics (painterly topography), and is interdisciplinary in nature. The analysis of Russian-African interdisciplinary dialogue in visual representations of Africa, as an aspect of the Russians’ awareness and idea of this continent, requires an answer to the following questions: what attracted Russian artists to Africa and how did it influence Russian culture/art? And the other way round – what did Russians, especially those travelling through Africa, bring to African culture? In Russian painting, which is diverse in terms of genres (landscape, portrait, still life), Africa functions as a nationally, culturally and socially heterogeneous continent. The early and modern African aesthetics/ art is the source of inspiration for iconographic and formal innovations. In iconic texts, visual translation, representation and interpretation of Africa manifests itself at the imagination-related levels: at thematic and motivic, narrative and compositional levels, at the level of a painterly code and in the conceptualization of artistic language. The painterly depiction of Africa, to which each of the Russian artists contributes their own representation types, artefacts, poetics and semantics, is usually created on the basis of the observation of real space, which, transformed in the iconic text, functions in an artistic, aesthetic, ideological and emotional projection. The reflection focuses on the painterly depictions and various representations of Africa which include motifs referring to African culture/art – the effect of ethnographic and artistic travels to various regions of the Dark Continent. The exemplary material selected from albums, Internet exhibitions of Russian paintings and artists’ professional websites has been analysed in terms of iconography (identification of the elements of the represented world and the relations between them), the connection between the title of the work and the visual representation, the formal determinants of the painterly depiction of Africa, and the poetics of reception.
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"PN: We’ve talked quite a bit about narrative; maybe we should think too about tone and about your exploitation of particular figures of speech. Cast in Doubt is tonally rich, of course, but that’s partly parodic. Other books, particularly Haunted Houses, seem to cultivate a certain lack of tone; sometimes the style reminded me of forms of naturalism. Whole passages of flat, short sentences which made me think of Dos Passos in the way one thing or event is simply placed against another. An emphasis on the local and contiguous rather than on some overall structure or plot, perhaps…? LT: I don’t think of the style of Haunted Houses as flat. It’s angular, sharp. The edges between sentences are tough—take no prisoners. The structure too is angular—three characters who never meet, three chapters for each of the five sections, no greased transitions. I was interested in how gaps make meanings, how juxtapositions work. I’m always involved in that, pushing one set of ideas up against another. That’s maybe what you think of as naturalistic. And all that makes strange disturbances. Haunted Houses is grimly funny sometimes. Motion Sickness is more fluid, playing off a stream of words, associations; its structure is almost circular, with the first chapter, to my mind, a trailer for the upcoming feature. Cast in Doubt is arch, even toying with being precious. The structure is filled with holes, anxious ones. Each work is supposed to have its own integrity. PN: And the style is always aware of itself, of the effects it’s aiming for. At first glance it just seems witty, but there’s another layer where you start stripping away the cottonwool of metaphor: ‘She chooses a piece of silverware as if it were a weapon. But she does not attack her food’ (A, 106). This kind of effect reminds me of Brecht’s advice to his actors, to speak their lines as if they were bracketed within quotation marks. LT: Books are made of words, characters are made of words. I like to call attention to that. To me it’s pleasurable. It’s like watching a movie. If the film-maker isn’t using the camera well, using that medium as if there weren’t a camera, or if the editing isn’t really interesting, what are you watching? You’re not actually watching something that’s taking advantage of the medium. PN: What I called ‘bracketing’ is also something that I think you’ve explored in your work with film. In an interview about Committed you say that you ‘used certain narrative codes but then veered away from them sharply and used other, more avant-garde ones— deliberately going back and forth.’ There’s certainly an emphasis." In Textual Practice, 62. Routledge, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203986219-28.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Motifs du code circulaire"
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Christens-Barry, William A., Larry D. Brasher, and James C. Martin. "Optical pattern recognition and the genetic code." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.thw5.
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The analysis of genetic-sequence data bases is a pattern recognition problem containing several novel features. The constrained nature of images used as inputs can be exploited to achieve quantitative correlation-plane results not possible for more general images. We have developed several symbolic representations of DNA-sequence data that address particular goals of sequence analysis. Important considerations in the design of appropriate representations are discussed. We present the results of optical correlator experiments that employ matched spatial filtering in a Vander Lugt correlator architecture. Experiments include searches for specific substrings within a larger string of sequence data, searches for unspecified substrings based on structural motifs, and searches for substrings in the presence of noise. A potential architecture for a real-time interactive optical correlatoris also examined.
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Melot, Vincent, Ce´dric Leblond, Jean-Franc¸ois Sigrist, Christian Laine, Bruno Auvity, and Hassan Peerhossaini. "Fluid Forces on a Circular Cylinder Subjected to a Transient Motion at Low Amplitude: Infinite Medium and Cylindrical Confinement." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98120.
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The present paper deals with the fluid forces induced by a rapidly moving rigid circular cylinder in an incompressible fluid initially at rest. The cylinder is subjected to an impulsive motion which corresponds to unique sinusoidal period of acceleration and is then stopped. Two fluid domains are considered: infinite and cylindrically confined. This study focuses on small displacements of the cylinder in regards to its radius, i.e. for low Keulegan-Carpenter numbers. In a first part, the flow is assumed potential. Only the inner cylinder is displaced and the outer one, in the confined case, is at rest. The problem, formulated as a two-dimensional boundary-perturbation problem, is solved thanks to a regular expansion. A non-linear analytical formulation of the fluid forces experienced by the moving cylinder is then proposed. Its range of validity is discussed with regards to the inner cylinder displacement. The results are confronted to numerical simulations with a CFD code based on a finite volume discretization on a moving mesh. In a second part, a two-dimensional viscous flow is considered. Analytical formulations of the fluid forces experienced by the cylinder subjected to arbitrary motions are proposed. The starting point of the analytical approach is the fluid forces expressions obtained with harmonic motion. These expressions come from the Rosenhead model for the infinite fluid domain. A Fourier transform is applied on the harmonic solutions to capture the wide frequency spectrum composing the transient motion. An inverse Fourier transform is then applied on the resulting expressions to derive the solutions in the temporal space. The analytical solutions are discussed and compared to numerical simulation results obtained in an infinite domain for various Stokes numbers. The competition between the viscous diffusion time and the wave duration time is studied which allows to underline history effects on the force.
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Yang, Zhongzhou, Yaoyu Li, and John E. Seem. "Individual Pitch Control for Wind Turbine Load Reduction Enhanced With Inter-Turbine Wake Modelling." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-5985.
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Individual pitch control (IPC) for wind turbine load reduction in Region 3 operation is improved when wake interaction is considered. The Larsen wake model is applied for composing the rotor wind profile for downstream turbines under wake interaction. The wind profile of the turbine wake was generated by modifying the NREL’s TurbSim codes. The state-space models of wind turbine were obtained via linearization of wind turbine model available in the NREL’s aeroelastic design code FAST. In particular, in order to obtain more accurate state-space models, equivalent circular wind profile was generated so as to better determine the local pitch reference. Based on such models, IPC controllers were designed following the disturbance accommodating control (DAC) and periodic control framework. The simulation results showed that the turbine loads can be further reduced using the switching control scheme based on wake modeling, as compared with the generic DAC without wake consideration.
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Fujii, N., M. Fujitake, and K. Hara. "Two-dimensional motion motor of circular core with plural divided windings supplied separately." In IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.1999.837482.
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Steffan, Eric, and Tuhin Das. "Locomotion of Circular Robots With Diametrically Translating Legs." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2530.
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In this paper, we develop an analytical basis for designing the locomotion of mobile robots with a spherical or circular core and equispaced diametral legs. The mechanism has resemblance with certain cellular locomotions. Locomotion is generated by actuation of the legs in the radial direction. Two elementary regimes of motion are first developed using the geometry of the mechanism. The overall motion of the robot is generated by repeated switching between the two regimes. The paper addresses both the kinematics and dynamics of the mechanism enabling the prediction of trajectories and computation of constraint and actuation forces. Simulation results are provided in support of the theory developed.
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Simos, Alexandre N., Andre´ L. C. Fujarra, and Fa´bio G. Palazzo. "Experimental Results on the Combined 1st and 2nd Order Dynamics of a Small-Scale Taut-Leg Mooring Line." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67133.
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A set of experimental results on the dynamics of taut-leg mooring-lines was generated by means of towing-tank tests. These results will be employed by Petrobras as an experimental paradigm for the calibration and validation of numerical codes based on finite-elements method (FEM). The setup allowed combining first and second order motions on the top of the line with different amplitudes and frequencies. The first order motions were emulated by means of circular harmonic motions while alternate horizontal translations represented the drift motions. It was also possible to emulate a uniform in-plane current profile along the suspended length of the model. The model was composed by three different segments. An intermediate rubber hawser connected the top and anchor chain segments and allowed considerable elongation of the line during the tests. Tension at the top of the model was measured by means of a load cell and the second-order motion was registered optically. This paper presents the procedure adopted for the tests and also some preliminary comparisons between experimental results and numerical simulations.
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Figliolini, Giorgio, Pierluigi Rea, and Jorge Angeles. "Synthesis of the Pitch Surfaces of Non-Circular Skew-Gears." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28902.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this paper is the synthesis of the pitch surfaces of non-circular skew gears, intended to generate any motion program with a periodically varying transmission ratio. This is done by extending an existing algorithm, which was formulated through the application of dual algebra and the Principle of Transference. In particular, the variable transmission ratio of N-lobed elliptical and logarithmical cylindrical gears is expressed and analyzed along with their main characteristics to test the proposed algorithm, which is implemented in Matlab. The code generates the pitch surfaces of N-lobed elliptical and logarithmical skew gears, along with those of indexing skew gears. Finally, significant numerical and graphical results are shown to analyze the geometrical characteristics of the gear engagement. Not unexpectedly, cylindrical and bevel non-circular gears become particular cases thereof.
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Amabili, M. "Comparison of Different Shell Theories for Large-Amplitude Vibrations of Circular Cylindrical Shells." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32299.
Full textAbstract:
Large-amplitude (geometrically nonlinear) vibrations of circular cylindrical shells subjected to radial harmonic excitation in the spectral neighbourhood of the lowest resonances are investigated. The Lagrange equations of motion are obtained by an energy approach, retaining damping through Rayleigh’s dissipation function. Four different nonlinear shell theories, namely Donnell’s, Sanders-Koiter, Flu¨gge-Lur’e-Byrne and Novozhilov’s theories, are used to calculate the elastic strain energy. The formulation is also valid for orthotropic and symmetric cross-ply laminated composite shells. The large-amplitude response of perfect and imperfect, simply supported circular cylindrical shells to harmonic excitation in the spectral neighbourhood of the lowest natural frequency is computed for all these shell theories. Numerical responses obtained by using these four nonlinear shell theories are also compared to results obtained by Galerkin approach, used to discretise Donnell’s nonlinear shallow-shell equation of motion. A validation of calculations by comparison to experimental results is also performed. Boundary conditions for simply supported shells are exactly satisfied. Different expansions involving from 14 to 48 generalized coordinates, associated to natural modes of simply supported shells, are used. The nonlinear equations of motion are studied by using a code based on arclength continuation method that allows bifurcation analysis.
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Amabili, M., and M. Pellegrini. "Nonlinear Vibrations of Circular Cylindrical Panels: Theory and Experiments." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55444.
Full textAbstract:
Large-amplitude (geometrically nonlinear) vibrations of circular cylindrical panels subjected to radial harmonic excitation in the spectral neighborhood of the lowest resonances are investigated. The Donnell’s nonlinear thin-shell theory is used to calculate the elastic strain energy. The formulations is also valid for orthotropic and symmetric cross-ply laminated composite shells; geometric imperfections are taken into account. Comparison of calculations to numerical results available in the literature is also performed. The nonlinear equations of motion are studied by using a code based on arclength continuation method that allows bifurcation analysis. Vibration response of three thin circular cylindrical panels of different materials (stainless steel, copper and composite) to harmonic excitation in the neighborhood of the first three natural frequencies has been measured for different force levels. The experimental boundary conditions approximate (i) on the curved edges: zero radial, axial and circumferential displacements; all rotations were allowed; (ii) on the straight edges: zero radial and axial displacements; all rotations and circumferential displacements were allowed. The different levels of excitation permitted to reconstruct the relatively strong, softening type nonlinearity of the panels.
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Sigrist, Jean-Franc¸ois, Cyrille Allery, and Claudine Beghein. "A Numerical Simulation of Vortex Induced Vibration on a Elastically Supported Circular Rigid Cylinder at Moderate Reynolds Numbers." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61003.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper is the sequel of a previously published study which is concerned with the numerical simulation of vortex-induced-vibration (VIV) on an elastically supported rigid circular cylinder in a fluid cross-flow (A. Placzek, J.F. Sigrist, A. Hamdouni; Numerical Simulation of Vortex Shedding Past a Circular Cylinder at Low Reynolds Number with Finite Volume Technique. Part I: Forced Oscillations, Part II: Flow Induced Vibrations; Pressure Vessel and Piping, San Antonio, 22–26 July 2007). Such a problem has been thoroughly studied over the past years, both from the experimental and numerical points of view, because of its theoretical and practical interest in the understanding on flow-induced vibration problems. In this context, the present paper aims at exposing a numerical study based on a fully coupled fluid-structure simulation. The numerical technique is based on a finite volume discretisation of the fluid flow equations together with i) a re-meshing algorithm to account for the cylinder motion ii) a projection subroutine to compute the forces induced by the fluid on the cylinder and iii) a coupling procedure to describe the energy exchanges between the fluid flow and solid motion. The study is restricted to moderate Reynolds numbers (Re∼2.000–10.000) and is performed with an industrial CFD code. Numerical results are compared with existing literature on the subject, both in terms of cylinder amplitude motion and fluid vortex shedding modes. Ongoing numerical studies with different numerical techniques, such as ROM (Reduced Order Models)-based methods, will complete the approach and will be published in next PVP conference. These numerical simulations are proposed for code validation purposes prior to industrial applications in tube bundle configuration.