Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mothers – Employment – Great Britain

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Mothers – Employment – Great Britain'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mothers – Employment – Great Britain"

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GREGG, PAUL, MARIA GUTIÉRREZ-DOMÈNECH, and JANE WALDFOGEL. "The Employment of Married Mothers in Great Britain, 1974–2000." Economica 74, no. 296 (November 2007): 842–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2006.00574.x.

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Waerness, Knud Knudsen, Kari. "National Context, Individual Characteristics and Attitudes on Mothers' Employment: A Comparative Analysis of Great Britain, Sweden and Norway." Acta Sociologica 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000169901300060807.

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Knudsen, Knud, and Kari Wærness. "National Context, Individual Characteristics and Attitudes on Mothers' Employment: A Comparative Analysis of Great Britain, Sweden and Norway." Acta Sociologica 44, no. 1 (March 2001): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000169930104400106.

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Tang, Ning. "Mothers' Employment and Childcare Use in Britain." Economica 72, no. 288 (November 2005): 733–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2005.00441_7.x.

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Dynіuk, A. A., and L. O. Samilyk. "Ensuring gender balance in family relations: national and European experience." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (November 27, 2022): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.04.39.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of gender equality in family legal relations taking into account the European experience. The theoretical essence and place of gender issues in the family policy of Ukraine has been established. The gender legislation, which forms the basis of legal regulation of family relations in Ukraine, is analyzed: the main norms of the Constitution of Ukraine in the field of gender equality; norms of the Family Code of Ukraine and other national normative legal acts that ensure the equality of men and women in the institution of the family; international documents that were ratified by Ukraine in this area. The problem of discrimination against men according to social stereotypes and the problem of violence in the family are considered. It is noted that the war on the territory of Ukraine has an extremely negative effect on family legal relations, as it causes such negative consequences as the absence of a father or mother in the family, a broken psyche of children, an increase in cases of deviant behavior, changeable family relations, the spread of single-parent families, etc. European experience in solving the main problems of gender policy was studied and parallels with Ukrainian legislation were drawn. The directions of European family policy are considered, such as: children's well-being, gender equality, combination of family life and employment. The research conducted by MORI as part of the Here and Now task in Great Britain is analyzed; Sweden's experience in regulating the equal participation of men and women in household chores and parental responsibilities; The Gender Equality Index, which represents the current state of European gender roles and their formation, through indicators relating to the dimensions of Knowledge, Work, Money, Time, Power and Health. It is proposed to develop a national concept of family development and gender equality, based on the analysis of modern national processes and world experience.
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McKIE, LINDA, SOPHIA BOWLBY, and SUSAN GREGORY. "Gender, Caring and Employment in Britain." Journal of Social Policy 30, no. 2 (April 2001): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279401006262.

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Employment and social policies continue to be based upon a gender template that assumes women, especially mothers, are or should be natural carers. Invariably, policies that seek to promote women's entry to paid work do so by facilitating their management and conduct of caring work, thus reinforcing the gender template. In addition, contemporary debates around concepts of citizenship emphasise the obligation to paid employment but fail to tackle the gendered division of caring activities and organisation of care. Enhanced access to childcare merely recreates the gender template by promoting low paid jobs for women as paid carers who are predominantly providing care services for other women. The provision of unpaid paternity leave is unlikely to challenge the strong association between femininity, mothering and care work.In this article we explore notions of caring, home and employment. It is argued that ambivalence exists amongst policy makers, employers, and society more generally, towards the gendered nature of caring and the implications of this for women, and men who wish to care, who are in paid employment. These are old issues and the authors consider why change in social and public policies is so slow. The authors argue that a consideration of gender and equality principles, currently largely absent from welfare and employment policies, and debates on notions of citizenship, should form the basis for the development of future strategies to support parents and children.
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Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Gbolahan Gbadamosi, and Ellis L. C. Osabutey. "Work-family balance." Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-01-2016-0010.

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Purpose Given the reality that working mothers experience difficulties in achieving work-family balance because of the social restrictions that arise from parenting combined with career goals, this paper aims to explore the various coping strategies that are used by working mothers in the cities of London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 72 mothers who worked in banks in London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Thematic analysis and investigator triangulation are used. Findings The findings reveal various coping strategies used by working mothers in the cities of Lagos and London. The paper also unearths the efficiency and the shortcomings of the use of au pairs among British working mothers and the similarities and disparities in terms of such use compared to the traditional use of housekeepers in Nigeria. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing work–family balance literature by exploring the coping strategies of working mothers because of sociocultural and institutional differences in Great Britain and Nigeria.
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Sousounis, Panos, and Gauthier Lanot. "Social networks and unemployment exit in Great Britain." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 1205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2017-0137.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect employed friends have on the probability of exiting unemployment of an unemployed worker according to his/her educational (skill) level. Design/methodology/approach In common with studies on unemployment duration, this paper uses a discrete-time hazard model. Findings The paper finds that the conditional probability of finding work is between 24 and 34 per cent higher per period for each additional employed friend for job seekers with intermediate skills. Social implications These results are of interest since they suggest that the reach of national employment agencies could extend beyond individuals in direct contact with first-line employment support bureaus. Originality/value Because of the lack of appropriate longitudinal information, the majority of empirical studies in the area assess the influence of social networks on employment status using proxy measures of social interactions. The current study contributes to the very limited empirical literature of the influence of social networks on job attainment using direct measures of social structures.
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Peden, G. C., Alan Booth, and Melvyn Pack. "Employment, Capital and Economic Policy: Great Britain, 1918-1939." Economic History Review 39, no. 3 (August 1986): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596365.

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Aassve, Arnstein, Simon Burgess, Carol Propper, and Matt Dickson. "Employment, family union and childbearing decisions in Great Britain." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 169, no. 4 (October 2006): 781–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2006.00432.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mothers – Employment – Great Britain"

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Zagel, Hannah. "Timing of single motherhood : implications for employment careers in Great Britain and West Germany." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9551.

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This thesis investigates how family–employment reconciliation issues associated with single motherhood affect women’s employment careers. The study fills a gap in the literature, which rarely considers single motherhood and employment as processes in the life course, much less in a cross-country comparative perspective. Patterns of employment trajectories during and after single motherhood are examined as the outcome of individual and institutional circumstances. Great Britain and West Germany are used as contrasting cases that represent relatively different contexts of labour market structures and family policy. Longitudinal individual-level data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) are analysed, looking at the period between and including 1991–2008. The thesis develops a theoretical model that assumes differential career outcomes for experiencing single motherhood at different life stages. Higher difficulties of family–employment reconciliation are predicted for women experiencing single motherhood at a young age compared to later stages. The acquisition of marketable resources, which stands in the context of education systems, is assumed to be one of the central mechanisms mediating the relationship between age at single motherhood and employment. Moreover, policies directed at single parents affect reconciliation, shaping opportunity structures on which women can draw in single motherhood. Compared to the German context, Britain provides little institutional support securing labour market attachment for women in single motherhood, particularly when their children are young. Although providing more generous family policy measures in comparison, West German maternity leave regulations are often not applicable to women in single motherhood, and childcare is mostly granted on a half-day basis. The findings from three steps of empirical analysis provide new insights and highlight specific facets of established facts. First, fixed effects logistic regression is used, which exposes a negative association between single motherhood and entering full-time employment. No differences are observed between partnered and unpartnered mothers, but effective childcare arrangements support women’s transition in both Britain and West Germany. The second step of the analysis explores employment career patterns during and after single motherhood using sequence analysis. The emerging typical patterns are observed to different degrees in the two country contexts. On average, more employment trajectories dominated by non-employment are observed in Britain and by part-time employment in West Germany. In the last step, these findings are used in an explanatory framework, the results of which provide evidence for the life stage hypothesis. The analysis demonstrates that not only social class but also mother’s age, children’s age and skill levels seem to foster employment stability and labour market attachment during and after single motherhood.
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Whitworth, Adam. "Work, care and social inclusion : lone motherhood under New Labour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670080.

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Haynes, Kathryn. "(Sm)othering the self : an analysis of the politics of identity of women accountants in the UK." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14191.

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This thesis examines the politics of identity of women accountants in the UK who are mothers, by exploring the links between working in the accounting profession and the experience of motherhood. It takes a sociological approach to analyse how social, political, cultural and moral forces, in relation to accounting, motherhood and wider society, affect identity, or the self. The accounting profession is arguably a masculine enviromnent into which the accountant is socialised. Motherhood illustrates the tensions between an essentialist and a non-essentialist view of identity. The thesis explores the contradictions and juxtapositions between these two identities of accountant and mother, and the struggle of women to exercise agency within the confines of the profession. It uses a feminist methodological framework based on the subjective experience of women. As such, I present my own autobiographical account of being an accountant and mother, and the oral history narratives of fifteen other women, arguing that narrative forms an integral part of identity construction. The thesis concludes that the narrative approach and the use of oral histories has much to offer to accounting research and has important implications for our understanding of the interrelationships between accounting and motherhood. These include the emotions, transformations and constructions of identity of women accountants.
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Clifton, Naomi. "Women, work and family in England and France : a question of identity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d39ca1d0-d8fc-4f54-aea3-fba3fd68e984.

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This thesis explores some of the individual attitudes and choices which may explain differing patterns in women's work in England and France. Women's work, however, cannot be considered outside the context of their family lives, and there exist important differences between England and France in terms of the structures in place to facilitate the combining of paid work and family commitments. It is proposed that these are related to broader social and economic structures which characterise the countries concerned, and the family and gender roles assumed by them. The question addressed, therefore, is the relationship between work identity and female identity. This is examined by comparing full-time working women, both single and with families, in the two countries. Since the question concerns meanings rather than frequencies, quantitative methods such as surveys are rejected in favour of a triangulated methodology combining repertory grid, Twenty Statements Test and in- depth interview. The results from each of these are reported separately. There is strong convergence within and clear differences between national groups, regardless of marital status. French and English groups are both committed to working, but this takes different forms in the two countries. The French women define themselves equally in terms of work, personal relationships and social lives, with relatively little conflict between them. For the English women, work identity comes first, there is more conflict between work and family roles and more tension in personal relationships. This may partly be accounted for by the English women's greater concern with career progression and personal advancement, which is more likely to conflict with family roles. The findings are related to broader issues of economic, social and family policy, historical factors, religious traditions and attitudes towards gender and equality. These themselves are seen as reflecting more general ideologies in the countries concerned. Finally, there is a consideration of questions raised by the study, and suggestions for further research.
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Harrison, Eric Keith. "The changing experience of self-employment in Great Britain, 1986-2001." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443764.

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Dawson, Christopher George. "Entrepreneurial aspirations and transitions into self-employment." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42863.

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This thesis uses data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and a small scale survey on student entrepreneurship conducted by the School of Business and Economics at Swansea University, in assessing entrepreneurial intentions and transitions into self-employment. Analysis of entrepreneurial motivations has largely been confined to 'push' versus 'pull' factors. Very few studies, if any, have analysed individual-specific factors associated with entrepreneurial motivations. In addressing this issue, the analysis documents the extent to which there is heterogeneity amongst the self-employed on the basis of the motivations that they report for choosing self-employment. Multivariate regression analysis is employed using a method to control for self-selection into self-employment. Background characteristics such as gender, educational attainment, housing tenure and region of residence are found to be important factors influencing entrepreneurial motives. Relative to males, females are less likely to show entrepreneurial intent and subsequently participate in self-employment, however little is known about precisely why this is. Using decomposition analysis, the gap in entrepreneurial intent probabilities is examined across gender. Attitudes towards risk are found to be a major factor associated with the gap in average levels of entrepreneurial intentions between males and female students, accounting for very nearly half of the total gap. Within Wales there seems to exist a widespread perception that the younger population views entrepreneurship less positively than their counterparts elsewhere in the UK. The analysis examines whether differences in entrepreneurial intention probabilities between Welshdomiciled and non-Welsh domiciled students can be explained by a range of demographic factors, family characteristics and psychological traits. Family and other background influences are found to be important contributors to the non-Welsh and Welsh gap, while differences in risk attitudes appear to provide the largest single component of the intentions gap between the two groups. Entrepreneurs may differ from non-entrepreneurs in terms of a range of personal characteristics, family and social background and personal resources. Cognitive or behavioural factors may also be important in determining who becomes an entrepreneur. Data from the BHPS indicates that unrealistic optimism is significantly and positively associated with the probability of being both self-employed and an aspiring entrepreneur. Furthermore, unrealistic optimism is found to be persistent and a factor affecting duration in selfemployment.
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Jenkins, Beth. "Women's professional employment in Wales, 1880-1939." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97598/.

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This thesis examines women’s professional employment in Wales between 1880 and 1939. It explores women’s negotiation of professional identities, their formation of professional networks, and their relationship with the broader women’s movement over this formative period in the emergence of the professions. The thesis contributes to neglected histories of women and the middle class in Wales, and enhances our understanding of the strategies women used to enter professional society. As the first major study of women’s professional employment in Wales, the thesis suggests that the Welsh women’s experience did exhibit some distinctive features. Women’s education attained a political and cultural importance in Wales from the late nineteenth century. But the nation’s economic development offered limited opportunities for educated women’s paid employment. This exacerbated the high proportion of women in the teaching profession, and meant that women’s professional employment was confined to a smaller range of occupations in Wales by the outbreak of the Second World War. Unlike most related studies of women’s work which focus on individual occupations, this thesis provides a comparative approach of women’s employment in medicine, teaching and academia. Such an approach reveals the interconnections and networks between groups of professional women and allows for analysis of an overarching feminine version of professional identity. In doing so, the thesis argues that women participated in professional society by exploiting – rather than directly challenging – contemporary gender norms and existing professional practices. By exploiting contemporary gender norms, women developed a distinctive feminine professional identity which highlighted their ‘natural’ skills and, following professional practices, they increasingly institutionalised their networks into women’s professional organisations and capitalised upon professional ideals of meritocracy.
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Graham, David Tosh. "Female employment patterns and urban socio-demographic structure in Great Britain, 1881-1981." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335605.

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Hubbard, M. M. "School leavers with multiple disabilities : an exploratory study of the issues and problems relating to the planning and provision of formal post-school services." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22864.

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This research is an exploratory study of the issues and problems encountered by Young People with multiple disabilities when they leave school and for whom formal post-school service provision is relevant within the Scottish setting. The research problem is tackled by a qualitative and an empirically grounded study with a central focus was on the way in which decisions about the nature and range of services are made and their potential for making a major impact on quality of life. From conception, the study was innovatory and it was necessary to combine methods of data collection and to analyse in ways that had previously not been used in the field. The design and methods are eclectic with an emphasis on in-depth case-studies. The research process began with the development of a functional classification used to define the sub-population. This was followed by an investigation of the structure and organisation of the Future Needs Assessment process which is central to the planning of formal post-school provision. together with Carer perspectives and opinions of the process. The next phase was to examine the nature and range of formal post-school service provision in relation to the issue of quality of life and in the meeting of developmental needs. Discussion then took place with the Young People and the Carers about their judgements of post-school provision and 'ideal' provision. The final phase developed recommendations on the practical application of, the research findings. The major research findings, derived from the fieldwork evidence. indicate that there is a radical change in emphasis in the transition from school to adult-based formal service provision which result in the limitation of services and of personal choice. There is a major disjunction in the quality of life experienced by the Young People. The Future Needs Assessment process fails to adequately plan for the transition to formal post-school provision which fails to meet individual personal and social development. The major recommendations, derived from the research, state that the Future Needs Assessment process must play a more effective role in identifying the post-school needs of the School-leavers to ensure that formal post-school provision and delivery planning is individually-centred and 'needs-led'. In addition, there should be greater choice of provision which follows the 'independent /enabling /empowering model and which will offer the School leaver the potential to experience a high quality of life.
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Zadeh, Sophie. "Thinking on fertile ground : a study of social representations of single mothers by sperm donation in the UK." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708877.

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Books on the topic "Mothers – Employment – Great Britain"

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Gregg, Paul. The employment of married mothers in Great Britain: 1974-2000. [London]: Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, 2003.

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Patricia, Walters, and Alden David M, eds. French and British mothers at work. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press, 1993.

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1945-, Moss Peter, ed. New mothers at work: Employment and childcare. London: Unwin, 1988.

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Why don't they go to work?: Mothers on benefit. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Women in and out of paid work: Changes across generations in Italy and Britain. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 2009.

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Steel, Maggie. Women can return to work. Wellingborough: Grapevine, 1988.

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Claire, Callender, and Edwards Rosalind, eds. Caring and counting: The impact of mothers' employment on family relationships. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 2003.

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Squeezing birth into working life: Household panel data analyses comparing Germany, Great Britain, Sweden and the Netherlands. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.

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1939-, Dunn Judy, ed. Mother care/other care. 2nd ed. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1987.

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Duncan, Simon. Lone mothers, paid work and gendered moral rationalities. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mothers – Employment – Great Britain"

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Corby, Susan, and Pete Burgess. "Great Britain." In Adjudicating Employment Rights, 80–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137269201_5.

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Haux, Tina. "Understanding Employment Barriers for Lone Parents in Great Britain: Research Gaps and Missed Opportunities." In Evidence and Evaluation in Social Policy, 115–28. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118816530.ch7.

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Fingleton, Bernard, Danilo Camargo Igliori, and Barry Moore. "Employment Growth of Small Computing Services Firms and the Role of Horizontal Clusters: Evidence from Great Britain 1991–2000." In European Regional Growth, 267–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07136-6_10.

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Morley, Felix. "The Work of the Employment Exchanges." In Unemployment Relief in Great Britain, 98–114. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429058622-8.

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Morley, Felix. "The Origin of the Employment Exchange System." In Unemployment Relief in Great Britain, 1–11. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429058622-1.

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Morley, Felix. "The Degeneration of State-Operated Un-Employment Insurance." In Unemployment Relief in Great Britain, 52–70. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429058622-5.

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Christin Landivar, Liana. "The Impact of the Great Recession on Mothers’ Employment." In Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, 163–85. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s1530-3535(2012)0000006010.

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Chatterji, M., and S. Price. "Employment Functions for Great Britain: A New Aproach." In Recent Advances in Labour Economics, 230–46. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429398711-12.

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Vickers, Lucy. "IV. RELIGIOUS DISPUTES REGARDING EMPLOYMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN." In Transformation of Church and State Relations in Great Britain and Germany, 117–32. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845243399-117.

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Casey, Bernard, and Stephen Wood. "8 Great Britain: Firm Policy, State Policy and the Employment of Older Workers." In Regulating Employment and Welfare, edited by Frieder Naschold and B. De Vroom. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110878530.363.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mothers – Employment – Great Britain"

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Rutsinskaya, Irina, and Galina Smirnova. "VISUALIZATION OF EVERYDAY SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PRACTICES: VICTORIAN PAINTING AS A MIRROR OF THE ENGLISH TEA PARTY TRADITION." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/37.

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"Throughout the second half of the seventeen and the eighteenth centuries, tea remained an expensive exotic drink for Britain that “preserved” its overseas nature. It was only in the Victorian era (1837-1903) that tea became the English national drink. The process attracts the attention of academics from various humanities. Despite an impressive amount of research in the UK, in Russia for a long time (in the Soviet years) the English tradition of tea drinking was considered a philistine curiosity unworthy of academic analysis. Accordingly, the English tea party in Russia has become a leader in the number of stereotypes. The issue became important for academics only at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Currently, we can observe significant growth of interest in this area in Russia and an expansion of research into tea drinking with regard to the history of society, philosophy and culture. Despite this fact, there are still serious lacunas in the research of English tea parties in the Victorian era. One of them is related to the analysis of visualization of this practice in Victorian painting. It is a proven fact that tea parties are one of the most popular topics in English arts of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. No other art school in the world referred to the topic so frequently: painting formed the visual image of the English tea party, consolidated, propagandized and spread ideas of the national tea tradition. However, this aspect has been reflected neither in British nor Russian studies. Being descriptive and analytical, the present research refers to the principles of historicism, academic reliability and objectivity, helping to determine the principal trends and social and cultural features and models in Britain during the period. The present research is based on the analysis of more than one hundred genre paintings by British artists of the period. The paintings reflect the process of creating a special “truly English” material and visual context of tea drinking, which displaced all “oriental allusions” from this ceremony, to create a specific entourage and etiquette of tea consumption, and set nationally determined patterns of behavior at the tea table. The analysis shows the presence of English traditions of tea drinking visualization. The canvases of British artists, unlike the Russian ones, never reflect social problems: tea parties take place against the background of either well-furnished interiors or beautiful landscapes, being a visual embodiment of Great Britain as a “paradise of the prosperous bourgeoisie”, manifesting the bourgeois virtues. Special attention is paid to the role of the women in this ritual, the theme of the relationship between mothers and children. A unique English painting theme, which has not been manifested in any other art school in the world, is a children’s tea party. Victorian paintings reflect the processes of democratization of society: representatives of the lower classes appear on canvases. Paintings do not only reflect the norms and ideals that existed in the society, but also provide the set patterns for it."
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Reports on the topic "Mothers – Employment – Great Britain"

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Paull, Gillian, Jayne Taylor, and Alan Duncan. Mothers' employment and childcare in Britain. Institute for Fiscal Studies, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2002.0064.

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Zabel, Cordula. Employment experience and first birth in Great Britain. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2006-029.

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Aassve, Arnstein, Simon Burgess, Carol Propper, and Matt Dickson. Employment, family union, and childbearing decisions in Great Britain. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2003-027.

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Hilbrecht, Margo, David Baxter, Alexander V. Graham, and Maha Sohail. Research Expertise and the Framework of Harms: Social Network Analysis, Phase One. GREO, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2020.006.

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In 2019, the Gambling Commission announced a National Strategy to Reduce Gambling Harms. Underlying the strategy is the Framework of Harms, outlined in Measuring gambling-related harms: A framework for action. "The Framework" adopts a public health approach to address gambling-related harm in Great Britain across multiple levels of measurement. It comprises three primary factors and nine related subfactors. To advance the National Strategy, all componentsneed to be supported by a strong evidence base. This report examines existing research expertise relevant to the Framework amongacademics based in the UK. The aim is to understand the extent to which the Framework factors and subfactors have been studied in order to identify gaps in expertise and provide evidence for decision making thatisrelevant to gambling harms research priorities. A social network analysis identified coauthor networks and alignment of research output with the Framework. The search strategy was limited to peer-reviewed items and covered the 12-year period from 2008 to 2019. Articles were selected using a Web of Science search. Of the 1417 records identified in the search, the dataset was refined to include only those articles that could be assigned to at least one Framework factor (n = 279). The primary factors and subfactors are: Resources:Work and Employment, Money and Debt, Crime;Relationships:Partners, Families and Friends, Community; and Health:Physical Health, Psychological Distress, and Mental Health. We used Gephi software to create visualisations reflecting degree centrality (number of coauthor networks) so that each factor and subfactor could be assessed for the density of research expertise and patterns of collaboration among coauthors. The findings show considerable variation by framework factor in the number of authors and collaborations, suggesting a need to develop additional research capacity to address under-researched areas. The Health factor subcategory of Mental Health comprised almost three-quarters of all citations, with the Resources factor subcategory of Money and Debt a distant second at 12% of all articles. The Relationships factor, comprised of two subfactors, accounted for less than 10%of total articles. Network density varied too. Although there were few collaborative networks in subfactors such as Community or Work and Employment, all Health subfactors showed strong levels of collaboration. Further, some subfactors with a limited number of researchers such as Partners, Families, and Friends and Money and debt had several active collaborations. Some researchers’ had publications that spanned multiple Framework factors. These multiple-factor researchers usually had a wide range of coauthors when compared to those who specialised (with the exception of Mental Health).Others’ collaborations spanned subfactors within a factor area. This was especially notable forHealth. The visualisations suggest that gambling harms research expertise in the UK has considerable room to grow in order to supporta more comprehensive, locally contextualised evidence base for the Framework. To do so, priority harms and funding opportunities will need further consideration. This will require multi-sector and multidisciplinary collaboration consistent with the public health approach underlying the Framework. Future research related to the present analysis will explore the geographic distribution of research activity within the UK, and research collaborations with harms experts internationally.
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