Journal articles: 'Motherhood Government policy Australia'

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Dunn, Kevin, Susan Thompson, Bronwyn Hanna, Peter Murphy, and Ian Burnley. "Multicultural Policy within Local Government in Australia." Urban Studies 38, no. 13 (December 2001): 2477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980120094623.

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Thomas, I. G. "Environmental policy and local government in Australia." Local Environment 15, no. 2 (February 2010): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549830903527647.

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Craig, Lyn, Judith E. Brown, and Jiweon Jun. "Fatherhood, Motherhood and Time Pressure in Australia, Korea, and Finland." Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 27, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 312–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz006.

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Abstract Using nationally representative Time Use Surveys from Australia, Korea, and Finland (n = 19,127 diaries) we examine how parenthood and the age of the youngest child are associated with the recuperative activities of leisure and sleep, the productive activities of market and nonmarket work, and with subjective time stress. Time stress differences by fatherhood are greatest for Finns and least for Koreans; time stress differences by motherhood are absent for Finns and high for Australians and Koreans. Results of the comparative analysis suggest that social policy and average national working hours produce different gendered gaps in both objective and subjective time stress among parents.

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Ives, D. J. "CURRENT GOVERNMENT POLICY TOWARDS PETROLEUM EXPLORATION IN AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 2 (1988): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87042.

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Butler, Julia. "Law Libraries in Australia - Government Libraries." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 2 (2000): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009203.

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Since the mid 1980's to the present time there has been an unprecedented attitudinal change by governments, both at the federal and state levels, regardless of political persuasion, towards the role of the public sector. There has been a sustained policy to wind back the size of the Public Service across the board.

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Sullivan, Helen. "Local Government in Australia: History, Theory and Public Policy." Australian Journal of Politics & History 64, no. 3 (September 2018): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12496.

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Martin, Julie. "Surrogate Motherhood and Children's Interests: An NCBA discussion paper." Children Australia 15, no. 4 (1990): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000314x.

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The issue of surrogacy has attracted spirited and concerned public and professional debate. For some commentators even the term itself is considered a misnomer. In the midst of forceful opposition from feminists, churches, and groups concerned with preserving the “traditional family”, together with powerful support from sections of the medical establishment, certain academics and other high profile individuals, the future of surrogacy in Australia is uncertain. What is certain is that surrogacy challenges people's ideas about acceptable means of family formation both on a personal moral level and from the broader perspective of public policy.

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Eggington, William. "Language Policy and Planning in Australia." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002865.

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Australian federal and state government language policy and planning efforts have had a remarkable effect on Australian educational and non-educational life during the past twenty years. This effort has resulted in strong international recognition of the Australian language policy experience. For example, Romaine, in the introduction to her anthology focusing on the languages of Australia states that “the movement to set up a national language policy is so far unprecedented in the major Anglophone countries” (Romaine 1991:8).

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Harcourt, G. C. "Macroeconomic Policy for Australia in the 1990s." Economic and Labour Relations Review 4, no. 2 (December 1993): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469300400201.

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The size of the deficit has little if any significance as an indicator of short-run macroeconomic policy. Government expenditure should be determined by longer term aspirations. Taxation (and other revenue measures) must be used, along with monetary policy, for short-term economic management, but whether revenue should be at a level that results in a deficit or not depends on many things including the composition of government expenditure and the state of the economy. At present, our economy requires a brake on total consumption expenditure and this may require a rise in taxation levels despite the high current level of unemployment. A high rate of capital accumulation is essential to change the structure of production and to increase output and productivity, but the brake on consumption must be eventually relaxed. Without an expectation of healthy consumption growth there will not be an ongoing high rate of accumulation in the private sector.

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Shahi, Prakash. "Female Community Health Volunteers’ (FCHVs) Involvement in Improving Maternal Health, Nepal." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 10, 2019): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v2i3.26664.

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Improving maternal health was one of the eight millennium development goals (MDGs) in 2000 and later included in SDG as a major agenda in 2015 which was adopted by the international community. In Nepal, the first elected democratic government developed Health Policy in 1991 and revised in 2014 which has identified safe motherhood as a priority program and institutionalized safe motherhood as a primary health care. In order to effectively address maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, the Family Health Division, Department of Health Services (DoHS) developed National Safe Motherhood Long Term Plan 2002- 2017 (revised in 2006) which aimed to establish basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care services in all districts. To complement this plan, the National Policy on SBA (2006) was developed with the aim of increasing the percentage of births assisted by a skilled birth attendant (as internationally defined) to 60 percent by 2015. Table 1 explains some historical shifts in maternal health policies and programs in Nepal.

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Jones, Stephen. "Reconceptualising the Governance of Migration Policy in Australia." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 19, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 377–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.19.3.2.

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This article offers a comprehensive assessment of the current trends in the governance arrangements of migrant settlement policy in Australia. It outlines the context of migrant policy as an important element of nation building and in contributing to the most multicultural society in the OECD. While immigration remains popular with the majority of Australians it is not without challenges in terms of coordination between levels of government to achieve effective outcomes. The lessons from Australia have relevance for other multilevel systems in terms of the need for cooperative approaches that combine top down and bottom up contributions from government agencies at all levels and non-government organisations. The article provides an analysis of governance issues from the perspective of the major stakeholders. The key question addressed in this paper is; what are the key challenges and opportunities of establishing cooperative approaches to immigration policy in a multilevel system? Issues involved in a potential transition of Australia’s immigration policy from a centralist approach to a more cooperative approach will be examined through the lens of a framework of analysis that consists of three scenarios for the structure of immigration policy: the centralist, the cooperative and the asymmetric scenarios.

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Yellowlees, Peter. "Government relations, government regulations: Jumping through the hoops." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 8, no. 3_suppl (December 2002): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/13576330260440970.

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summary Over the last decade, telehealth in Australia has been primarily facilitated and driven by government funding. The government now has a major policy initiative in online health. However, in pursuing the broad initiative there is a danger that some of the smaller components can get lost, and this is probably what has happened to telehealth. There appear to be a number of steps required if telehealth in Australia is to keep up the pace of development that occurred in the 1990s, as we move into what is now being called the era of e-health, involving broadband Internet health service delivery. This area is changing extremely rapidly and is increasingly migrating away from the public sector in Australia, where most of the developmental work has occurred, and into the private sector. Many of the issues that require consideration within the domain of e-health in Australia are also relevant to other countries. E-health will significantly change the way that health-care is practised in future, and it is clear that it is the human factors that are more difficult to overcome, rather than the technological ones.

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Arai, Lisa. "Low Expectations, Sexual Attitudes and Knowledge: Explaining Teenage Pregnancy and Fertility in English Communities. Insights from Qualitative Research." Sociological Review 51, no. 2 (May 2003): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.00415.

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In the UK, youthful pregnancy and parenthood is considered an important social and health problem and is the focus of current government intervention. Contemporary policy approaches depict early unplanned pregnancy as a consequence of relative deprivation and a lack of opportunity, leading to ‘low expectations’ among youth, and as the result of sexual ‘mixed messages’ or poor knowledge about contraception. This small scale, qualitative study explores how well these explanations accord with accounts of pregnancy and motherhood provided by young mothers and Teenage Pregnancy Local Co-ordinators in diverse English localities. The results suggest that structural factors may be more important in explaining early pregnancy than those relating to sexual attitudes and knowledge. The tension between the idea of early motherhood as problematic, or even pathological, and early motherhood as rational is also considered.

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Jackson, Judge Hal. "Policy and Politics: Two recent examples in Western Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 29, no. 1 (March 1996): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589602900105.

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In a state known for consistently high incarceration rates, especially of Aboriginal people, the Labor governments of the 1980s created two criminologically based research or advisory bodies. The paper looks at the background and history of each — the State Government Advisory Committee on Young Offenders and the Crime Research Centre (and the lessons learned therefrom in light of policy making decisions, both by the Labor Government which created them and its successor, the Liberal Government of Richard Court). The first was composed largely of high ranking judicial, police and bureaucratic members, high profile community members and skilled research staff. Its fate was sealed by its insistence on independence. The second is university-based with a statistical and research focus. Independently funded, it survives but what effect has it had? The author was at one time a member of the Committee and a member of the Advisory Board of the Centre.

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Gao, Fang, and Xia Li. "From One to Three: China’s Motherhood Dilemma and Obstacle to Gender Equality." Women 1, no. 4 (November 24, 2021): 252–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/women1040022.

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The implementation of China’s three-child policy has prompted considerable attention and discussion. From “one child” to “two-child” to “three-child,” the Chinese government has considered the macro population structure in previous reproductive policy adjustments while ignoring the difficulties and necessities of parenting. The child-rearing costs that should have been shared by the family and the state are left to be shouldered by the family alone. Gender equality and women’s development have lagged, while the traditional role of women and the sharing of family responsibilities between men and women have stagnated. The easing of the fertility policy will increase the frequency of childbirth and result in greater difficulties faced by women in the workplace. Childbirth negatively impacts women’s wages, and as its intensity continues to increase, so does the problem of maternal punishment. This study presents situations that illuminate the plight of Chinese mothers. Solving the motherhood dilemma cannot be achieved by making a mother choose between prioritizing herself or her child. Only by detaching privatization from motherhood, returning to public politicization, treating gender equality promotion as only the starting point, and strengthening social support and public service can the motherhood dilemma truly be resolved.

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Allen, Liz. "A whole-of-government approach to population policy for Australia." Australian Population Studies 2, no. 2 (November 11, 2018): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v2i2.37.

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Bulkeley, Harriet. "Down to Earth: Local government and greenhouse policy in Australia." Australian Geographer 31, no. 3 (November 2000): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713612251.

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Gelber, Katharine. "Pedestrian Malls, Local Government and Free Speech Policy in Australia." Policy and Society 22, no. 2 (January 2003): 22–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1449-4035(03)70018-6.

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Mayangsari, Fauziah Rohmatika. "Australia Government Response to COVID-19: Coordination and the Effectivity of Policy." Jurnal Global & Strategis 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.14.2.2020.279-296.

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Abstrak Artikel ini mendeskripsikan respon pemerintah Australia terhadap pandemi COVID-19. ini Respon kebijakan pemerintah yang menjadi fokus adalah pengelolaan risiko di tiga sektor utama: kesehatan masyarakat, sistem kesehatan nasional, dan keberlangsungan perekonomian negara. Artikel ini kemudian menjelaskan bagaimana Australia dianggap sebagai salah satu contoh negara yang sukses dalam menangani pandemi COVID-19. Kebijakan untuk menutup perbatasan sejak dini dan penyusunan kebijakan terkoordinasi yang berdasar saran para ahli merupakan beberapa kunci kesuksesan Australia. Selain itu, kepatuhan masyarakat turut mendukung keberhasilan implementasi dari kebijakan pemerintahan. Namun, kepatuhan penduduk Australia merupakan hasil dari rasa percaya terhadap kemampuan pemerintah untuk menangani krisis. Berbagai faktor tersebut membuat Australia berhasil melandaikan kurva COVID-19 dalam waktu kurang dari enam bulan. Walaupun masih cukup dini untuk mengidentifikasi pelajaran yang bisa diambil dari Australia, namun dapat dikatakan bahwa di tengah pandemi dan krisis, pemerintah harus bekerja bersama dengan masyarakat agar kebijakan yang telah disusun dapat diimplementasikan dengan baik. Kata-kata kunci: COVID-19; respon pandemi; Australia This article describes the Australian Government’s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on the policy responses to mitigate the risk in three main sectors: people’s health, national health system, and economic livelihoods. It discusses how Australia’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic is among the few successful cases in the world. Australia’s early border closure and coordinated policy measures with the experts are among the key behind Australia’s success. Besides, Australian public compliance further supports the implementation of government policy. Such compliance is the result of people’s trust in the Government’s capability to tackle the crisis. As a consequence, Australia has succeeded in flattening the curve within less than six months. Although it is relatively early to identify the lessons learned from Australia, it is safe to say that during pandemic and crisis, in order to make the policy works, the Government needs to work together with the public. Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic response; Australia

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Soldatic, Karen, and Barbara Pini. "Continuity or Change? Disability Policy and the Rudd Government." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2012): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746411000510.

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This article reports on shifts and continuities in policy relating to disabled people and the administrative apparatus of federal disability policy under the Rudd government (2007–10). It begins with a brief historical overview of disability policy in Australia. It then gives particular attention to highlighting the contentious and dramatic changes to disability policy which were instigated by the Howard government (1996–2007). Following this, attention is focused on the major developments in disability policy and administration with the election of the Rudd Labor government in 2007. Through this discussion, we demonstrate the ways the altered vocabularies, practices and instruments of the state have manifested in relation to disability policy in Australia, ultimately shaping opportunities for either inclusion or exclusion at the national level among disabled people.

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Mbada, Kikelomo Aboyowa. "Human Rights-based Approach to Maternal Health Policy and Implementation: An Analysis of Abiye Safe-Motherhood Policy of Ondo State Nigeria." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i4.18218.

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A human rights-based approach that recognizes that women deserve the right to health is critical to achieving equitable reduction of maternal mortality in Nigeria, a country that is the second largest contributor to global maternal mortality. This study evaluated the extent to which the Abiye safe motherhood policy of the Ondo State government of Nigeria incorporated human rights-principles in its formulation and implementation. The study involved interviews and focus group discussions and the OHCHR human rights principles served as the basis for the thematic analysis of data. Findings indicate that the Abiye initiative exemplified the core principles of human rights-based approach to maternal health. Whereas, the initiative showed stronger practice in terms of the principles of participation, empowerment, non-discrimination and international assistance, there was limited indication of adherence to accountability, transparency, and sustainability principles. The Abiye safe motherhood initiative responded to maternal health needs in fairly acceptable and equitable ways; allowing the creation of opportunities and enabling conditions for the fulfillment of the health rights of reproductive-age women. It is recommended that governments at all levels should prioritize incorporating human rights-based standards into new or existing programs in a way that meets the core needs of respect and welfare of every woman in pregnancy and childbirth.

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Nwaodu, Linda. "The Burden of Motherhood: An Assessment of Government Policy Towards Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Working Mothers in Nigeria." Religación. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 6, no. 28 (June 20, 2021): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46652/rgn.v6i28.790.

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Nigeria has witnessed a rapid increase in female labour participation such that it risks a decline in exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate – despite the World Health Organization’s and government’s endorsement of EBF. EBF is a beneficial process of feeding an infant with breast milk only during the first six months. This study aims to assess the extent to which the Nigerian policy addresses the barriers and contributes to improved EBF rates among working mothers in Nigeria. It takes a qualitative approach – policy analysis. The policy analysis critically evaluated the content of the National Policy on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Nigeria (2010) and the Labour Act (2004). The policy documents addressed these barriers to an extent. However, they showed minimal coherence. There are still policy gaps and disparity between the policies and their implementation – attributable to inadequate clarity and insufficient mechanism to spur policy compliance. Therefore, nutritionists should be engaged in such nutrition-specific policy formulation. Further research to measure the impact of this recommendation is encouraged.

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Toan, Dinh The. "Outlining Policy and Assessing Success of Policy." Jindal Journal of International Affairs 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v2i4.65.

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Government policy operates in response to the demands of society. Policy success, the general expectation of any policy-maker, is claimed commonly in political life. That is a general goal for any government in order to prove effectiveness and efficiency in its actions. However, the outcome of policies usually lies somewhere between success and failure. This is because of the three dimensions of policy success and their contradictions. Whilst policy learning is concerned as a tool to assess how policies are working and to move policy toward the achievement of desired goals. The case of banning plastic bags in Australia is an ideal example to investigate how a policy can be successful at different levels

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Hunter, Mary Ann. "Redefining ‘Industry’: Young People and Cultural Policy in Australia." Media International Australia 90, no. 1 (February 1999): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909000113.

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This article considers the place of youth arts and cultures in the cultural industries approach to cultural policy. It argues that the ‘covert economic overlay’ (Brokensha, 1996: 101) of the Australian National Culture–Leisure Industry Statistical Framework privileges certain processes in a ‘government convenient’ model of industry inputs and outcomes, and that the assumptions of this model are challenged by youth-specific and community-based modes of production. Furthermore, it argues that the philosophies and practices of contemporary youth-specific arts organisations have the potential to redefine ‘culture industry’ and contribute to a ‘coherent new paradigm’ of cultural policy (UNESCO, 1995: 232). This paper makes these arguments by examining the place of youth arts and cultures in the existing environment of cultural industrialisation, by considering recent government policy responses to young people's cultural activity and by addressing long-term policy issues for the support of young people and cultural development.

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Shao, Chenyun. "The Social and Cultural Implications of the Egg Freezing Policy in China." International Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 6 (October 22, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v8i6.5014.

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The technology of egg freezing has become increasingly popular and has caused heated scholarly debates. However, most scholarships focus on egg freezing exclusively in the United States. This paper fills in the gap by investigating the social and cultural implications of the egg freezing policy in China. This paper first examines feminist rhetoric used by both sides in the global egg freezing debate. The paper then introduces the current Chinese egg freezing policy. This section addresses the question, “Why does the Chinese government implement the current egg freezing policy?” by analyzing how the Chinese culture views reproduction and single women. By analyzing egg freezing in context of the Chinese culture, I concluded that the older and younger generations have different views on egg freezing. Finally, I share the results from a survey that I designed and distributed to see how Chinese people perceive egg freezing. I found that most respondents support universal access to egg freezing in China but have questions on the risks and disadvantages of egg freezing. Many respondents also perceive egg freezing as a technology to “preserve/guarantee motherhood” for women, which ironically serves to pressure women into motherhood instead of giving them true reproductive freedom.

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Hodge, Robert L. "How Are Drugs Made Available in Australia?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2, no. 4 (October 1986): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300003524.

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The release of prescription drugs in Australia for use by the medical profession is complicated because in practice there is a two-tier system determining availability. The first tier, for new drugs, involves evaluation for safety and efficacy prior to marketing. The final decision is made by the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) serviced by the Department of Health. In the second, much more unusual step, a decision is made by a different committee on whether the now-approved drug is to be included on the government-subsidized drug list (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme—PBS). Because the PBS list is unusually extensive for a country without a nationalized health service (1,184 items, including all forms and strengths of over 600 drugs) and because a large proportion of prescriptions are written for drugs on the PBS, the PBS Committee making the listing decisions has a major influence on prescribing patterns. In addition, the government is able to exert considerable pressure on drug prices.

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Christopher, Karen, Paula England, Timothy M. Smeeding, and Katherin Ross Phillips. "The Gender Gap in Poverty in Modern Nations: Single Motherhood, the Market, and the State." Sociological Perspectives 45, no. 3 (September 2002): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2002.45.3.219.

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In this article we examine gender gaps in poverty in the United States and seven other Western nations, asking how single motherhood, market earnings, and welfare states affect gender inequality in poverty. Our analyses speak to the theoretical literature emphasizing the gendered logic and effects of welfare states and labor markets. We find that single-mother families have higher poverty rates than other families in all nations except Sweden, though the degree of their poverty varies. Regarding welfare states, we find that the tax and transfer systems in Sweden and the Netherlands most effectively reduce gender inequality in poverty. Gender inequality in market earnings is worst in the Netherlands and Australia, though among full-time workers, Australia has the lowest gender gap. We conclude by discussing the policy issues raised by our findings.

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McKay, Graham R. "Policy and Indigenous languages in Australia." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.34.3.03mck.

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The use of Indigenous languages has been declining over the period of non-Aboriginal settlement in Australia as a result of repressive policies, both explicit and implicit. The National Policy on Languages (Lo Bianco, 1987) was the high point of language policy in Australia, given its national scope and status and its attempt to encompass all aspects of language use. Indigenous languages received significant recognition as an important social and cultural resource in this policy, but subsequent national policy developments moved via a focus on economic utility to an almost exclusive emphasis on English, exacerbated by a focus on national literacy standards. This is exemplified in the Northern Territory’s treatment of Indigenous bilingual education programs. Over recent years there have been hopeful signs in various states of policy developments supportive of Indigenous languages and in 2009 the Commonwealth Government introduced a new National Indigenous Languages Policy and a plan for a national curriculum in languages. Support for Indigenous languages remains fragmentary, however, and very much subservient to the dominant rhetoric about the need for English skills, while at the same time ignoring research that shows the importance of Indigenous and minority languages for social well-being and for developing English language skills.

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Fan, Qiuyan. "The Impact of Australia’s Government Policy on Broadband Internet Access." Journal of Information Technology Research 6, no. 4 (October 2013): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2013100102.

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The Australian government has recognised the importance of broadband for their social and economic development. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of policy issues on broadband Internet access in Australia. This research has clearly indicated that the state of broadband Internet access is closely related to the Government’s policy and regulatory framework. The Government based its actions on market forces as a principal driver for broadband Internet connectivity. The research has indicated that the previous regulatory competition regime, by and large, has failed to address concerns of market dominance and market power in the Telecommunications sector as is evidenced by a relatively lower speed and value of broadband services in Australia. To rectify the situation, the Australian government has recently adopted a unique National Broadband Network (NBN) plan, which is linked to the national digital economy strategy. Australia is the first country in the world where a national broadband network infrastructure company, NBN Co, is regarded as a regulated national infrastructure provider rather than as a telecommunication company. The NBN Co builds and operates an open access, wholesale only and non-discrimination high-speed broadband network, the National Broadband Network (NBN). The Australian Government's goal for the NBN is to reform the telecommunications sector and ensure every home and business across the country has access to the NBN by 2020. This paper examines the policies underlying the NBN and discusses current practices and potential benefits of the NBN.

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Poetrie, Sandy Tieas Rahmana. "DISKRIMINASI IMIGRAN KULIT PUTIH BERWARNA DALAM MASA KEBIJAKAN MULTIKULTURALISME PASCA PENGHAPUSAN WHITE AUSTRALIAN POLICY." Lakon : Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya 2, no. 1 (August 24, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/lakon.v2i1.1909.

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AbstractThis paper concern on the multiculturalism in Australia related to the immigration policy. Since the application of “White Australia Policy” which makes some restriction to people from other countries who are considered as different color and non-English speakers to come to Australia ended in 1907, the government attempts to eliminate the discrimination treatments to them all. This paper employs descriptive essay which was aimed to describe more aboutAustralian multiculturalism after the end of “White Australia Policy”. The technique of data collection was literary study from some sources like journals and some news from internet. The writer took three cases have ever happenedrelated to the multiculturalism in Australia to analyse the application of immigrants policy after “White Australia Policy” annulment. Those are Arabians beating in Sydney coast by Neo-Nazi, discrimination against Muslim minorityand Africans by police in Victoria, and also Muslim demonstration because of Muhammad humiliation. The study revealed that “White Australia Policy” still can not completely be eliminated. Those three cases, it shows that there arestill many discrimination treatments against coloured immigrants; on the other hand the government is still trying to implement a multiculturalism policy.

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Stokes, Anthony, and Sarah Wright. "The Impact Of A Demand-Driven Higher Education Policy In Australia." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 8, no. 4 (September 20, 2012): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v8i4.7292.

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In 2012, the Australian government introduced a demand-driven entitlement system for domestic higher education students in which recognised higher education providers are free to enrol as many eligible students as they wish in eligible higher education courses and receive corresponding government subsidies for those students. This paper examines the impact that already has occurred as a result of this decision and the likely long-term effects that this will have on higher education in Australia.

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Craig, Lyn, Killian Mullan, and Megan Blaxland. "Parenthood, policy and work-family time in Australia 1992—2006." Work, Employment and Society 24, no. 1 (March 2010): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017009353778.

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This article explores how having children impacted upon (a) paid work, domestic work and childcare (total workload) and (b) the gender division of labour in Australia over a 15-year period during which government changed from the progressive Labor Party to the socially conservative National/Liberal Party Coalition. It describes changes and continuity in government policies and rhetoric about work, family and gender issues and trends in workforce participation. Data from three successive nationally representative Time Use Surveys (1992, 1997 and 2006), N=3846, are analysed. The difference between parents’ and non-parents’ total workload grew substantially under both governments, especially for women. In households with children there was a nascent trend to gender convergence in paid and unpaid work under Labor, which reversed under the Coalition.

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Hood, Christopher, Paul Roberts, and Marilyn Chilvers. "Cutbacks and Public Bureaucracy: Consequences in Australia." Journal of Public Policy 10, no. 2 (April 1990): 133–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004797.

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ABSTRACTDrawing on data for 60 Australian Commonwealth government bureaucracies 1976–86, this paper explores what measurable consequences for bureaucratic structure can be associated with staffing and spending cutbacks. It looks at cutbacks both at government-wide and at individual-bureaucracylevel, on the basis of a casualty list intended to portray the different dimensions of relative bureaucratic ‘suffering’ more systematically than has hitherto been done in the cutback management literature. It then explores associations between measures of cutbacks and indicators of structural consequences, both at government-wide and departmental level, relating that to the debate as to whether ‘leaner means weaker’ in government cutbacks. The ‘leaner means weaker’ view of bureaucratic cutbacks is hard to sustain from these data.

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Caroine, Norma. "The Koreanization of the Australian Sex Industry: A Policy and Legislative Challenge." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 26, no. 3 (December 31, 2011): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps26302.

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South Korea enacted Legislation in 2004 that penalizes pimps, traffickers, and sex industry customers while decriminalizing people in prostitution and offering assistance to leave the sex industry. In contrast, Australia Legally recognizes most sex industry activities. This article argues that Australia`s Laissezfaire approach to the sex industry hampers South Korean government efforts to prevent the crime of sex trafficking. Since 2004, pimps and traffickers have moved their activities from South Korea to countries like Australia and the US that maintain relatively hospitable operating environments for the sex industry. The Australian government should reconsider its approach to prostitution on the basis of its diplomatic obligations to countries Like South Korea and the need to uphold the human rights of women in Asia who are being trafficked and murdered as a result of sexual demand emanating from Australia. Australia should coordinate its policy on prostitution with South Korea to strengthen the region`s transnational anti-trafficking response.

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De Percy, Michael Alexander. "Policy Legacies from Early Australian Telecommunications." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 3 (September 11, 2021): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n3.431.

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The purpose of this article on the policy legacies from Australia’s early telecommunications history is not to present a counterfactual to Australia’s choice of public monopoly provision of early telecommunications services, but rather to indicate the extent that politics limited the private sector’s role in deploying early telegraph and telephone infrastructure in Australia. The article begins by outlining a theoretical framework for analysing government’s role in deploying new telecommunications technologies, before investigating some of the less familiar literature on the historical impact of government intervention on the private sector in the early Australian telegraph and telephone industries. It then discusses some of the political issues relating to the subsequent liberalisation of the telecommunications industry in Australia and concludes with a discussion of the historical legacies of government intervention on the private sector in the Australian telecommunications industry.

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A Scuffham, Paul. "The assessment of pharmaceuticals for government subsidy in Australia: recent developments." Journal of Medical Economics 10, no. 2 (January 2007): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3111/200710163169.

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Lilly, Kara, Jonathan Hallett, Suzanne Robinson, and Linda A. Selvey. "Insights into local health and wellbeing policy process in Australia." Health Promotion International 35, no. 5 (August 29, 2019): 925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz082.

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Abstract To investigate factors that enable or challenge the initiation and actioning of health and wellbeing policy in Australian local governments using political science frameworks. An online survey was distributed to staff and elected members of Australian local governments. The survey sought responses to a range of variables as informed by political science frameworks. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and results were compared between local governments of different geographical sizes and locations using Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric testing. There were 1825 survey responses, including 243 CEOs, representing 45% of Australian local governments. Enablers for local government policy initiation and action included the high priority given to health and wellbeing (44%), local leadership (56%) and an organizational (70%) and personal obligation (68%) to the community to act. Less true is a favourable legislative environment (33%), leadership from higher levels of government (29%) and sufficient financial capacity (22%). Cities are better positioned to initiate and action health policy, regardless of the broader legislative environment. Health and wellbeing is a high priority for Australian local governments, despite lack of funding and limited lobbying and support from other sectors and higher levels of government. The insights from political science frameworks assist to understand the policy process, including the interrelatedness of enablers and challenges to initiating and actioning health and wellbeing policy. Further understanding the policy drivers would support practitioners and researchers advocating to influence local health and wellbeing policy.

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Mosolova, Olga V. "Australia: Economy of Growth." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 2(51) (2021): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-2-2-51-243-253.

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The government of Australia gives a grant attention to the maintenance of high rates of economic development. In the course of a long time the country was one of the leading countries in the rates of economic growth in the world. The achievements of Australia attributes to competent domestic policy direct on the effective elaboration and realization of the economic, ecologic and social initiatives.

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Black, Ann. "REGULATING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: FATWAS, LAW, AND POLICY IN AUSTRALIA." Journal of Law and Policy Transformation 7, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v7i1.6710.

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The COVID-19 pandemic tested governments, health systems, and religious communities. Australia prioritised health and community safely over freedom of religion which impacted on religious communal activities, which for Muslims were significant. Unlike Indonesia and other Muslim majority countries, where there is a respected well-established role for ulama, either collectively or individually, giving guidance and rulings (fatwas) to governments and Muslims, in a secular nation, like Australia, it is less established. This paper evaluates the ways by which the three main Islamic organisations in Australia aided their communities during the pandemic and to extent to which they supported their government in implementation of a regulatory raft of isolation and social distancing policies as well as the vaccine mandate. This is done by analysis of fatwas issued during the pandemic. It concludes that by working with, not in opposition to the government regulations, they provided optimal outcomes for the Muslim community and Australia.

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Shcherbinin, Pavel. "Protection of motherhood and infancy in the first decade of Soviet government in the Tambov Region (1918–1928)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 179 (2019): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-179-186-197.

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The social policy regarding motherhood and infancy, including the system of social protection of orphans in the Tambov Governorate in the first decade of Soviet government (1918–1928) was specially and comprehensively studied in the context of state, public and private support of the agrarian society. The focus was on the reconstruction of the conformity of the program of maternity and childhood protection proclaimed by the Soviet government at the regional level. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials (archival sources, periodicals, published materials) various little-known aspects of a scientific problem are representatively investigated. We summarize the successful and unsuccessful experience of the formation of a welfare state system and public initiatives of the medical community and women’s departments in provincial Russia, which often had significant differences from metropolitan events and management decisions. A staged organization has been identified of creating subdivisions of motherhood and infancy, the actual care of orphans at the regional and county level, which makes it possible to assess the op-portunities and needs of social protection and the care of children in urban and rural society during the chronological period. We clarify the transformation of social institutions in relation to the maternity and childhood, both at the level of the governorate and at the county level. The situation of abandoned children and the social policy of transferring these children to private education are specifically considered, the financial problems associated with the transfer of orphans to childless peasant families are assessed. The main trends of social care for the “children of misfortune”, the motives for helping and supporting them by the local community, collectives of enterprises and state institutions of the period under review are revealed. Conclusions are made about the results and historical regional experience and traditions, peculiarities of supporting motherhood and childhood at the level of the province and counties, which made it possible to successfully reconstruct this social protection system of the new Soviet Russia. Attention is drawn to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and concrete historical manifestations of the social state in the era of social cataclysms (Revolution, Civil War, Antonovschina, New Economic Policy), as well as assessing social and political, social and cultural tendencies of the Soviet government.

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Puspita, Natalia Yeti, and Annisa Irina Nur Halima. "PACIFIC SOLUTION POLICY: MENGGUGAT TANGGUNG JAWAB AUSTRALIA DALAM PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI." Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan 5, no. 01 (August 24, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/paradigma.v5i01.1648.

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As one of the countries which is ratifying the 1951 Refugeee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, Australia has an obligation to protect refugees and guarantee their rights as stated in the provisions. With the issuance of the Pacific Solution Policy by the Australian Government to restrict refugees who come to Australia, Australia has reneged on international treaties on the protection of refugees that have been ratified. Based on the results of normative juridical research which is used in this paper, it can be seen that the state sovereignty principle which is used as the legal basis for implementing the policy cannot necessarily erase the obligations that have been imposed on it, especially with the development of the current understanding of the state sovereignty principle that links human rights protection. In addition, the attachment to international agreements that have been agreed based on the principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda becomes the basis for strengthening legitimacy that the Australian Government can be held responsibility in connection with the implementation of the Pacific Solution Policy in the handling of refugees in Australia.

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Lyons, Mark, and Andrew Passey. "Need Public Policy Ignore the Third Sector? Government Policy in Australia and the United Kingdom." Australian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 3 (September 2006): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2006.00496a.x.

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Seibert, Krystian, Alexandra Williamson, and Michael Moran. "Voluntary sector peak bodies during the COVID-19 crisis: a case study of Philanthropy Australia." Voluntary Sector Review 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204080520x16081188403865.

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The Australian philanthropic sector’s peak (or umbrella) membership body, Philanthropy Australia, has played a significant role in shaping sector responses to COVID-19 and influencing government policy initiatives regarding the voluntary sector. This research note explores four key actions taken by Philanthropy Australia, with a particular focus on policy advocacy. It highlights how ‘policy windows’ provide opportunities for voluntary sector peak bodies to demonstrate policy entrepreneurship, secure desirable policy outcomes and show their value to members, government and other stakeholders. ‘Bad times’ require new and innovative policy responses, and this research note provides insights into how voluntary sector peak bodies can shape policy and practice responses to major crises.

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Vavulinskaya, Lyudmila. "Contemporary Historical Literature on Family and Motherhood in Postwar Decades (1945–1965)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.3.4.

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Introduction. The paper offers an analysis of historical studies on family and motherhood in post-war decades published in the 21st century, gives an account of the achievements of modern historiography on the subject, outlines the tasks for further studies. These topics have become compelling because of the declining value of motherhood and a prolonged demographic crisis in Russia. Methods. The historiographic analysis in this article is based on the thematic-chronological method supplemented with the systemic, typological and comparative-historical techniques permitting the literature available on the subject to be systematized and analyzed. The article primarily focuses on publications by Russian historians. Analysis. The main specific areas of research on family and motherhood are characterized. It is remarked that the pool of sources available has increased, and new research approaches and practices have been introduced. Contemporary authors have focused their attention on the analysis of the ideological background and principles of the Soviet gender policy, on the machinery of constructing the myth about equality of Soviet women. New aspects have been addressed, such as family private life, domestics role in its functioning, family conflict resolution practices, change in womans biological status over time, socio-ethical meaning of government awards for women, womans image reconstruction in post-war Soviet press. Researchers characterized the various stages in the Soviet family policy, marriage and family relationships in urban and rural communities. Studies on the legislative regulation of the family policy, social support to motherhood and childhood in postwar decades continued. The significance of the measures taken in this period to establish a system of medical aid and social guarantees and benefits for mothers was emphasized. The authors, however, remarked the persistent double work load on women, inequalities in payment rates and career. Results. The substantial progress has been achieved in the coverage of the issue of family and motherhood in two post-war decades. The tendency for multidisciplinary research has been growing; new aspects of the problem have been investigated. At the same time, the issue of the organization of the family welfare system, womens value systems, their attitudes towards the social policy and methods of adaptation to the living conditions should be addressed in more detail.

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Schofield-Georgeson, Eugene, and Michael Rawling. "Industrial legislation in Australia in 2019." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185620911682.

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In this 2019 electoral year, a federal Morrison Liberal Government was returned to power with little in the way of an industrial agenda. It failed to implement its key legislation, which mainly included reform to union governance and changes to religious freedom in the workplace. Meanwhile, the state governments, particularly the Victorian Andrews Labor Government, reviewed a swathe of labour law, including wage theft, industrial manslaughter, owner–driver legislation and workers' compensation laws and implemented a host of progressive changes. This year has also seen the continuation of a key policy trend, observable at both state and federal levels of government, towards regulation of aspects of industrial relations by the state that were once exclusively the province of employers and trade unions through a twentieth-century system of conciliation and arbitration.

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Andersen, N. A. "Primary Care in Australia." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 2 (April 1986): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3l1k-c30d-j5af-2ajn.

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The Australian health care delivery system is reviewed in this article, with special comment on the implications of the financial components of the system and government concerns regarding costs and over-servicing. General practitioners' perception of their role is not significantly different from the expectation of patients, yet the reality may not match the idealized view. There are problems related to availability and there are developments which seem to pose some threat to the continuing care of patients. New developments have occurred in the way in which practice is organized which give an emphasis to continual availability over 24 hour periods, and these developments pose a challenge to the way in which doctors have organized their practices. Population features-Aborigines, migrants, and the elderly-present significant problems that are not always well met, and the concept of total patient care thereby suffers. The general practitioner's apparent failure to fill the expected role in co-ordination of services is discussed, as is the need for general practitioners to become more actively involved in health education and promotion. The hope for the future lies in the Family Medicine Programme of The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, which represents a major attempt to provide appropriate vocational training for general practice.

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Boerma, Bernard, Robert Hayes, Alissa Moen, and Anthony T. Williams. "Recent changes in mental health legislation and government policy in psychiatric care in Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 19, no. 5 (May 1995): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.5.293.

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There have been a number of recent changes in mental health care legislation in Australia some of which mirror the changes that have occurred in the UK. These are reviewed within the context of the differing health care system in Australia and with particular reference to the State of New South Wales.

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Skorobogatykh, Natalya. ""Welfare State" in Australia according to Gough Whitlam's Labor Government." South East Asia Actual problems of Development, no. 4 (53) (2021): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-4-4-53-225-239.

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The article examines one of the most important aspects of Gough Whitlam Labor government activities in 1972–1975 – its social policy. Its main directions and the reasons for the short-lived rule of the ALP in the early 1970s are analyzed.

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Clark, Andrew. "Your Asia-Pacific Network: The use of Radio Australia by the Australian Government." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 9, no. 1 (September 1, 2003): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v9i1.758.

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This article examines the use of Radio Australia by the Australian Government. It examines the extent that the Australian Government's foreign policy goals are reflected in the charter and programming of Radio Australia. The paper begins with a brief historical look at Radio Australia followed by description and analysis of the role of an intermediary between the government and the station, which, in this case, is the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), the parent company of Radio Australia; the programme philosophy of, and programming offered by Radio Australia, and criticisms of Radio Australia from within the Pacific.

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Richardson, Jeffrey. "Medical Technology and its Diffusion in Australia." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 4, no. 3 (July 1988): 407–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300000362.

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AbstractThe author examines the Australian health care system by surveying the financing techniques, physical organization, and government activity. He explains the impact of the public and private sectors and comments on the effectiveness of current evaluation procedures. While the author believes that the system is relatively healthy and cost effective, he recognizes a need for more comprehensive and scientific oversight. Using regression analysis and focusing on the installation of medical technology in hospitals, the author attempts to determine the specific factors that influence technology diffusion. He concludes by stressing that further studies analyzing the actual use of specific technologies are vital.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Motherhood Government policy Australia'

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