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Journal articles on the topic 'Motherhood Australia'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Liamputtong, Pranee. "Motherhood and “Moral Career”: Discourses of Good Motherhood Among Southeast Asian Immigrant Women in Australia." Qualitative Sociology 29, no. 1 (March 2006): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11133-005-9006-5.

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2

Lee, Rennie, Leah Ruppanner, and Francisco Perales. "“Making it work: Migration, motherhood and employment in Australia”." Social Science Research 88-89 (May 2020): 102429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2020.102429.

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3

Ko, Dorothy. "THE CREATION OF PATRIARCHY IN JAPAN: WAKITA HARUKO'S “WOMEN IN MEDIEVAL JAPAN” FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE." International Journal of Asian Studies 5, no. 1 (January 2008): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591407000939.

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AbstractWakita Haruko. Women in Medieval Japan: Motherhood, Household Management and Sexuality. Translated by Alison Tokita. Clayton, Australia: Monash Asia Institute and Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 2006.

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4

Craig, Lyn, Judith E. Brown, and Jiweon Jun. "Fatherhood, Motherhood and Time Pressure in Australia, Korea, and Finland." Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 27, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 312–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz006.

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Abstract Using nationally representative Time Use Surveys from Australia, Korea, and Finland (n = 19,127 diaries) we examine how parenthood and the age of the youngest child are associated with the recuperative activities of leisure and sleep, the productive activities of market and nonmarket work, and with subjective time stress. Time stress differences by fatherhood are greatest for Finns and least for Koreans; time stress differences by motherhood are absent for Finns and high for Australians and Koreans. Results of the comparative analysis suggest that social policy and average national working hours produce different gendered gaps in both objective and subjective time stress among parents.

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Toledano, Sarah Jane, and Kristin Zeiler. "Hosting the others’ child? Relational work and embodied responsibility in altruistic surrogate motherhood." Feminist Theory 18, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700117700048.

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Studies on surrogate motherhood have mostly explored paid arrangements through the lens of a contract model, as clinical work or as a maternal identity-building project. Turning to the under-examined case of unpaid, so-called altruistic surrogate motherhood and based on an analysis of interviews with women who had been unpaid surrogate mothers in a full gestational surrogacy with a friend or relative in Canada, the United States or Australia, this article explores altruistic surrogate motherhood as relational work. It argues that this form of surrogate motherhood within close interpersonal relations can be conceptualised through the relational work involved in hosting a child for the intended parents. The article explores how relational work in this context implies an embodied, asymmetrical and far-reaching sense of responsibility that surrogate mothers describe as characteristic of their surrogacy experience. In this way, the article sheds light on feminist concerns about surrogacy as an embodied and objectifying work of women while at the same time illuminating how surrogate mothers respond to the intended parents in light of their pre-surrogacy relationship, how meanings are negotiated by them and how relationships are managed during the pregnancy.

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6

Martin, Julie. "Surrogate Motherhood and Children's Interests: An NCBA discussion paper." Children Australia 15, no. 4 (1990): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000314x.

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The issue of surrogacy has attracted spirited and concerned public and professional debate. For some commentators even the term itself is considered a misnomer. In the midst of forceful opposition from feminists, churches, and groups concerned with preserving the “traditional family”, together with powerful support from sections of the medical establishment, certain academics and other high profile individuals, the future of surrogacy in Australia is uncertain. What is certain is that surrogacy challenges people's ideas about acceptable means of family formation both on a personal moral level and from the broader perspective of public policy.

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7

LIVERMORE, TANYA, JOAN RODGERS, and PETER SIMINSKI. "The Effect of Motherhood on Wages and Wage Growth: Evidence for Australia*." Economic Record 87 (July 1, 2011): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2011.00745.x.

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8

Dundon, Alison. "The Sense of Sago: Motherhood and Migration in Papua New Guinea and Australia." Journal of Intercultural Studies 26, no. 1-2 (February 2005): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256860500073997.

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9

JEON, SUNG-HEE, GUYONNE KALB, and HA VU. "The Dynamics of Welfare Participation among Women Who Experienced Teenage Motherhood in Australia*." Economic Record 87, no. 277 (January 12, 2011): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2010.00685.x.

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10

Christopher, Karen, Paula England, Timothy M. Smeeding, and Katherin Ross Phillips. "The Gender Gap in Poverty in Modern Nations: Single Motherhood, the Market, and the State." Sociological Perspectives 45, no. 3 (September 2002): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2002.45.3.219.

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In this article we examine gender gaps in poverty in the United States and seven other Western nations, asking how single motherhood, market earnings, and welfare states affect gender inequality in poverty. Our analyses speak to the theoretical literature emphasizing the gendered logic and effects of welfare states and labor markets. We find that single-mother families have higher poverty rates than other families in all nations except Sweden, though the degree of their poverty varies. Regarding welfare states, we find that the tax and transfer systems in Sweden and the Netherlands most effectively reduce gender inequality in poverty. Gender inequality in market earnings is worst in the Netherlands and Australia, though among full-time workers, Australia has the lowest gender gap. We conclude by discussing the policy issues raised by our findings.

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11

Rao, Vibhuti Samarth, Hannah G. Dahlen, and Husna Razee. "Indian migrant women’s experiences of motherhood and postnatal support in Australia: A qualitative study." Women and Birth 33, no. 5 (September 2020): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.09.006.

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12

Jones, Jocelyn, Mandy Wilson, Elizabeth Sullivan, Lynn Atkinson, Marisa Gilles, Paul L. Simpson, Eileen Baldry, and Tony Butler. "Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother: a review." International Journal of Prisoner Health 14, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2017-0059.

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PurposeThe rise in the incarceration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers is a major public health issue with multiple sequelae for Aboriginal children and the cohesiveness of Aboriginal communities. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature relating to Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother.Design/methodology/approachThe literature search covered bibliographic databases from criminology, sociology and anthropology, and Australian history. The authors review the literature on: traditional and contemporary Aboriginal mothering roles, values and practices; historical accounts of the impacts of white settlement of Australia and subsequent Aboriginal affairs policies and practices; and women’s and mothers’ experiences of imprisonment.FindingsThe review found that the cultural experiences of mothering are unique to Aboriginal mothers and contrasted to non-Aboriginal concepts. The ways that incarceration of Aboriginal mothers disrupts child rearing practices within the cultural kinship system are identified.Practical implicationsAboriginal women have unique circumstances relevant to the concept of motherhood that need to be understood to develop culturally relevant policy and programs. The burden of disease and cycle of incarceration within Aboriginal families can be addressed by improving health outcomes for incarcerated Aboriginal mothers and female carers.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first literature review on Australian Aboriginal women prisoners’ experiences of being a mother.

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13

Liamputtong, Pranee, and Charin Naksook. "Perceptions and experiences of motherhood, health and the husband's role among Thai women in Australia." Midwifery 19, no. 1 (March 2003): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/midw.2002.0333.

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14

Damousi, Joy. "Private loss, public mourning: motherhood, memory and grief in Australia during the inter-war years." Women's History Review 8, no. 2 (June 1999): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029900200204.

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15

Benza, Sandra, and Pranee Liamputtong. "Becoming an ‘Amai’: Meanings and experiences of motherhood amongst Zimbabwean women living in Melbourne, Australia." Midwifery 45 (February 2017): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2016.12.011.

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16

Saltmarsh, Sue, and Anna North. "Economy's Gaze: Childhood, Motherhood and ‘Exemplary Ordinariness' in Popular Parenting Magazines." Global Studies of Childhood 1, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2011.1.4.314.

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Images of children and representations of childhood experience are ubiquitous in contemporary popular culture. Books, films, television shows, advertisements, magazines, posters, computer games, websites – to name but a few examples – construct and reiterate multiple ways through which childhood is to be understood and undergone, regulated and recuperated, managed and maintained. In this article, the authors consider how one textual form, that of popular magazines, constructs childhood as an economic category ideally characterised by what they term ‘exemplary ordinariness’. The article analyses magazine cover images from Australia, the United States and Canada, and argues that images and written text together oblige parents to ensure that normative childhood experience is secured through exemplary parenting practices. Further, the authors argue that parents – and in particular, mothers – are incited to performatively produce their own exemplary ordinariness through attention to their own personal beauty, individual accomplishment and parenting practices. Their argument is informed by visual and cultural theories, and underpinned by the view that economic discourse formulates a gaze to which both childhood and parenthood are subjected. This is not to imply a reification of ‘the economy’, but rather it is to acknowledge the constitutive force of economic discourse and to interrogate its prominence in the images, rhetorics and practices of everyday life.

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17

McGrath, Amanda, Louise Sharpe, Suncica Lah, and Kaitlyn Parratt. "Evaluation of a Decision Aid for Women with Epilepsy Who Are Considering Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Medical Decision Making 37, no. 5 (March 7, 2017): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x17697304.

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Background. For many women with epilepsy (WWE), decision making about pregnancy is complicated by considerations such as the potential teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs, offspring risk of epilepsy, seizure occurrence during pregnancy, and the challenges of parenting amidst poorly controlled seizures. Objective. This proof-of-concept, randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate a decision aid (DA) developed to help WWE decide if they should start or enlarge their families. Methods. Seventy-nine WWE of childbearing age were recruited from Epilepsy Action Australia between October and November 2013 and randomized to receive the intervention (the DA) or not, and to complete a set of questionnaires pre- and post- intervention. The DA, delivered as a PDF booklet, provided balanced evidence-based information about options, risks and benefits, including probabilities; as well as steps for clarifying values and considering options within one’s personal situation. Results. Compared with the control group, the DA group had statistically significant improvements in knowledge about pregnancy and epilepsy (Cohen’s d = 1.24; 95%CI = 0.77 to 1.83) and reduced decisional conflict (Cohen’s d = 0.59; 95%CI = 0.21 to 0.99). Changes in decision self-efficacy, certainty of choice, patient-practitioner communication abilities and value congruence with choice were comparable between the DA and control group. Importantly, women’s decisions about motherhood were not biased towards either direction, and there were no adverse effects on depression or anxiety. All women who received the DA indicated they would recommend it to other WWE. Conclusions. The DA has the potential to serve as a useful support tool for WWE who are considering motherhood. Future research is needed to test the DA in clinical settings with guidance from a health professional. The trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ID ACTRN12613001082796).

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18

Liamputtong, Prance. "LIFE AS MOTHERS IN A NEW LAND: THE EXPERIENCE OF MOTHERHOOD AMONG THAI WOMEN IN AUSTRALIA." Health Care for Women International 24, no. 7 (August 2003): 650–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399330390217725.

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19

Grimshaw, Patricia. "Colonising motherhood: evangelical social reformers and Koorie women in Victoria, Australia, 1880s to the early 1900s." Women's History Review 8, no. 2 (June 1999): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029900200203.

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20

Park, Shelley M. "Unsettling Feminist Philosophy: An Encounter with Tracey Moffatt's Night Cries." Hypatia 35, no. 1 (2020): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2019.11.

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AbstractThis essay seeks to unsettle feminist philosophy through an encounter with Aboriginal artist Tracey Moffatt, whose perspectives on intergenerational relationships between (older) white women and (younger) Indigenous women are shaped by her experiences as the Aboriginal child of a white foster mother growing up in Brisbane, Australia during the 1960s. Moffatt's short experimental film Night Cries provides an important glimpse into the violent intersections of gender, race, and power in intimate life and, in so doing, invites us to see how colonial and neocolonial policies are carried out through women's domestic labor. Seeing cross-generational and cross-racial intimacy through Moffatt's lens, I suggest, helps us to unsettle both feminist theories of motherhood and feminist practices of mentoring.

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21

Larkins, Sarah L., R. Priscilla Page, Kathryn S. Panaretto, Melvina Mitchell, Valerie Alberts, Suzanne McGinty, and P. Craig Veitch. "The transformative potential of young motherhood for disadvantaged Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Townsville, Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 194, no. 10 (May 2011): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03100.x.

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22

Ramsay, Georgina. "Forced Childlessness and Ruptured Personhood: The Politics of Motherhood for Central African Refugee Women Resettled in Australia." Anthropological Quarterly 90, no. 3 (2017): 743–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anq.2017.0042.

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23

Ramsay, Georgina. "Motherhood Motivations: African Refugee Women Resettled in Australia and Return Visits to a Country of First Asylum." International Migration 54, no. 4 (April 25, 2016): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imig.12249.

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24

Zadoroznyj, Maria, Cecilia Benoit, and Sarah Berry. "Motherhood, Medicine & Markets: The Changing Cultural Politics of Postnatal Care Provision." Sociological Research Online 17, no. 3 (August 2012): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2701.

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In high-income countries welfare states play a crucial role in defining - and re-defining - what is offered as publicly provided care, and as a result shape the role of families, markets and the voluntary sector in care provision. Fiscal policies of cost containment, coupled with neoliberal policies stressing individual responsibility and reliance on market forces in recent decades, have resulted in the contraction of state provided care services in a range of sectors and states. There has also been widespread retrenchment in public health sectors across many countries resulting in policies of deinstitionalisation and early discharge from hospital that are predicated on the assumption that the family or voluntary sector will pick up the slack in the care chain. At the same time that this loosening of medicalized control has occurred, services to families with young children have become increasingly targeted on ‘at risk’ mothers through widespread population surveillance. To date, analyses of the implications of these important changes in care provision have primarily focused on health services and outcomes for birthing women and their newborns. In this paper, we make the case that post-birth care is a form of social care shaped not only by welfare state policies but also by cultural norms, and we suggest an analytic framework for examining some of the recent changes in the provision of postpartum care. We use examples from three developed welfare states - the Netherlands, Australia and Canada - to illustrate how variations in welfare state policy and cultural norms and ideals shape the provision of home and community based postnatal services.

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25

William, Jananie, Bronwyn Loong, Catherine Chojenta, and Deborah Loxton. "The profiles of public and private patients in maternal healthcare: a longitudinal study to examine adverse selection." Annals of Actuarial Science 14, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1748499519000083.

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AbstractIn this article, we investigate differences in the profiles of patients within the Australian mixed public-private maternal health system to examine the extent of adverse selection. There are conflicting influences on adverse selection within the private health sector in Australia due to government regulations that incentivise lower risk segments of the population to purchase community-rated private health insurance. We use a two-phase modelling methodology that incorporates statistical learning and logistic regression on a dataset that links administrative and longitudinal survey data for a large cohort of women. We find that the key predictor of private patient status is having private health insurance, which itself is largely driven by sociodemographic factors rather than health-or pregnancy-related factors. Additionally, transitioning between the public-private systems for a subsequent pregnancy is uncommon; however, it is primarily driven by changes in private health insurance when it occurs. Other significant factors when transitioning to the private system for a second pregnancy are hypertension, increased access to specialists and stress related to previous motherhood experiences. Consequently, there is limited evidence of adverse selection in this market, with targeted financial incentives likely outweighing the impact of community rating even during childbearing years where private health service use increases.

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Sponiar, Martine, Louise Sharpe, Phyllis Butow, and Gary Fulcher. "Reproductive Choices of Women With Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-9.1.9.

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A decision aid may be needed for women with multiple sclerosis (MS) in making family-planning choices. Four hundred sixty-one women responded to a mailing asking them where they were in deciding whether to have children. The mailing was sent to female members of the MS Societies in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, who were between 20 and 40 years of age. Results showed that 46% of respondents were currently unsure about whether they would start, forego, or enlarge their families. More women with relapsing-remitting MS and women who were unsure of their MS type were undecided about motherhood than those with primary progressive and secondary progressive MS. The results indicate that a decision-making tool to assist women with family planning may be useful.

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Perales, Francisco. "Modeling the consequences of the transition to parenthood: Applications of panel regression methods." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 11-12 (May 9, 2019): 4005–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519847528.

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The transition to parenthood is a topic of substantial interest to family researchers across the social sciences, and many theoretical paradigms have been invoked to understand how it affects men’s and women’s lives. While early empirical scholarship on the transition to parenthood relied on cross-sectional data and methods, the increasing availability of panel data has opened up new analytical pathways—including the possibility to track the same individuals over time as they approach and experience parenthood and their children grow older. By making full use of longitudinal data, researchers can both improve estimation of the consequences of parenthood, as well as advance knowledge by testing more nuanced and complex theoretical premises involving time dynamics. In this article, I present an overview of panel regression models, a family of specifications that can be leveraged for these purposes. In doing so, I discuss the data requirements, advantages and disadvantages of different models, pointing to useful examples of published research. The approaches considered include random effects and fixed effects panel regression models, specifications to model linear and nonlinear time dynamics, and specifications to handle dyadic data structures. The use of these techniques is exemplified via an application considering the effect of motherhood on time pressure using long-running panel data from an Australian national sample, the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey ( n = 68,911 observations; 10,734 women).

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Nash, Meredith. "“You don't train for a marathon sitting on the couch”: Performances of pregnancy ‘fitness’ and ‘good’ motherhood in Melbourne, Australia." Women's Studies International Forum 34, no. 1 (January 2011): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2010.10.004.

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29

Xeros-Constantinides, Sophia, and Bernice Boland. "Maternal fear, loss and hope in Melbourne’s COVID-19 lockdown: Women-mothers performing lived maternity, using self-report in words and pictures, within the context of the CONNECT-from-HOME art therapy Zoom group." Performing Ethos: International Journal of Ethics in Theatre & Performance 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/peet_00054_1.

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This article offers a window onto the authoring and performing of lived maternity experiences by new mothers who met virtually and participated in group art therapy during the time of COVID-19 lockdown in Melbourne, Australia, between July and December 2020. The eight-week, face-to-face art therapy programme CONNECT for distressed mothers and babies was delivered for the first time via Zoom to participant mothers, each provisioned with a printed booklet and a pack of art materials. In weekly Zoom sessions, women-mothers were encouraged to contemplate and revisit their motherhood journeys through engagement in a series of art-based exercises facilitated by two experienced therapists. Through words and picture-making, mothers authored and represented their lived maternity experiences and, in turn, took to the Zoom stage to ‘show and tell’ the group audience just how maternity had played out for them, with the added anxiety of that uninvited guest at the party – COVID. A lived maternity group culture arose that permitted a redefinition of maternity; understanding and wisdom flourished as group members decided for themselves what the ‘new normal’ was for lived maternity in the time of COVID. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores showed a reduction in distress over the course for the participants. Post-group written feedback from participants about the CONNECT-from-HOME Zoom group revealed benefits including feeling less alone, feeling affirmed in a sense of struggle, wisdom gained in understanding past life experiences through reflection and group discussion, enjoying the process of art expression to give visual form to emotions/experiences and gaining understanding/wisdom from hearing other mothers tell about their motherhood journeys in words/pictures. Whilst several mothers were able to identify a positive impact on their mothering from the COVID pandemic, with their partner able to share in the early life of the baby, the vast majority of mothers performed fear and loss. Written feedback revealed largely negative impacts from the COVID pandemic and lockdown, specifically anxiety about health and reduced access to medical care and support. Lockdown elicited a sense of crisis, feelings of being ‘cheated’ (out of anticipated/wished-for motherhood experiences) and anger, anxiety, isolation, profound loss and disappointment alongside impact on energy, well-being, stress levels, mental health, self-esteem and relationships with baby, partner and extended family.

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30

Kovacek-Stanic, Gordana. "Biomedically assisted reproduction and child birth: Surrogate motherhood in comparative European law and Serbia." Stanovnistvo 51, no. 1 (2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1301001k.

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Surrogate motherhood is an arrangement in which a woman agrees to carry and deliver a child for another couple who ordered the pregnancy. This procedure is applied today in Great Britain, Holland (although without legal regulations), Israel, Greece, Ukraine, Armenia, Georgia, the USA and Australia, and it is forbidden in France, Austria, Spain, Germany, Switzerland and Slovenia. There are two types of surrogacy, one when the woman gives birth to a child who is genetically her own ("partial", genetic surrogacy), and the other where the surrogate mother only carries and gives birth to a child, whereby the child is genetically from the couple that wanted the child, or the fertilized egg is from a third woman (donor), or the embryo was donated ("full", "total", gestational surrogacy). In these cases two women take part in conception and birth of the child while in the last case there is a third woman who will raise the child. Biologically observed, the woman whose egg has been fertilized may be called the genetic mother, while the woman who carried the pregnancy and gave birth to the child - the gestational carrier. Taking into consideration that the Preliminary Draft of the Serbian Civil Law anticipates the introduction of surrogate motherhood into domestic law, we believe restrictive solutions should first be taken into consideration. This would mean that only full surrogating should be allowed, namely the egg should be from the woman who wants the child and not the surrogate mother. In domestic conditions, genetic surrogation should not be allowed as it leads to confusion in family relations, and kinships still have an important social and legal significance in our country. The surrogate mother should be a woman who has already given birth, because in that way any possible shocks which might arise after birth when the woman who has to handover the child to the intended couple would be avoided. The next condition would be that persons involved in this procedure should have usual residency in Serbia so as to prevent any international complications or problems. As far as compensation is concerned, only compensation of so-called reasonable expenses which the surrogate mother would incur should be allowed. The surrogate contract should be approved by a court judge, who would have the obligation to determine if all legal conditions have been fulfilled for surrogate motherhood, and to explain the contract effects to the contracting parties. Apart from that, psycho-social counselling of all persons involved in the procedure should be anticipated.

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31

Bish, Melanie Rae, Fiona Faulks, Lisa Helen Amir, Rachel R. Huxley, Harold David McIntyre, Rachel James, and George Mnatzaganian. "Relationship between obesity and lower rates of breast feeding initiation in regional Victoria, Australia: an 8-year retrospective panel study." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e044884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044884.

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ObjectivesUsing routinely collected hospital data, this study explored secular trends over time in breast feeding initiation in a large Australian sample. The association between obesity and not breast feeding was investigated utilising a generalised estimating equations logistic regression that adjusted for sociodemographics, antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum conditions, mode of delivery and infant’s-related covariates.DesignPopulation-based retrospective panel.SettingA regional hospital that serves 26% of Victoria’s 6.5 million population in Australia.ParticipantsAll women experiencing live births between 2010 and 2017 were included. Women with missing body mass index (BMI) were excluded.ResultsA total of 7491 women contributed to 10 234 live births. At baseline, 57.2% of the women were overweight or obese, with obesity increasing over 8 years by 12.8%, p=0.001. Although, breast feeding increased over time, observed in all socioeconomic status (SES) and BMI categories, the lowest proportions were consistently found among the obese and morbidly obese (78.9% vs 87.1% in non-obese mothers, p<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, risk of not breast feeding was associated with higher BMI, teenage motherhood, smoking, belonging to the lowest SES class, gravidity >4 and undergoing an assisted vaginal or caesarean delivery. Compared with women with a normal weight, the obese and morbidly obese were 66% (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.96, p<0.001) to 2.6 times (OR 2.61, 95% CI 2.07 to 3.29, p<0.001) less likely to breast feed, respectively. The detected dose–response effect between higher BMI and lower breast feeding was not explained by any of the study covariates.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of increasing breast feeding proportions in regional Victoria over the past decade. However, these proportions were lowest among the obese and morbidly obese and those coming from the most disadvantaged backgrounds suggesting the need for targeted interventions to support breast feeding among these groups. The psychosocial and physiological associations between obesity and breast feeding should further be investigated.

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32

Hayatbakhsh, Mohammad R., Stuart A. Kinner, Konrad Jamrozik, Jake M. Najman, and Abdullah A. Mamun. "Maternal Partner Criminality and Cannabis use in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 6 (June 2007): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701341897.

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Objectives: The present study examined whether the experience of the arrest or incarceration of a mother's partner before a child reached 14 years of age was associated with use of cannabis in early adulthood and, if so, whether this association was confounded or mediated by other factors. Method: Data were from the Mater Hospital University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a prospective birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. The history of partner arrest and incarceration was reported by mothers at the 14 year follow up. Mothers were divided into four groups: mothers whose partner had no history of arrest or incarceration, mothers reporting partner arrest, mothers reporting partner incarceration, and unpartnered mothers. Young adults’ cannabis use was assessed at 21 years. Other covariates were prospectively measured between birth and 14 years. Results: After controlling for potential confounding and mediating factors, frequent use of cannabis at age 21 was more likely among young adults with a history of maternal partner arrest (odds ratio=2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–3.8). There was no significant association between maternal partner incarceration or single motherhood, and cannabis use at age 21. Conclusions: Arrest of the mother's partner before the child is 14 is associated with that child's increased cannabis use at age 21 but this does not appear to be the case for children whose fathers have been imprisoned. It appears that for children whose fathers have been arrested, the father's ongoing presence in the family may result in worse outcomes for the child, including an increased risk of cannabis use in young adulthood.

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33

Eastwood, John, Lynn Kemp, and Bin Jalaludin. "Each Is in Different Circumstances Anyway." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 215824401667686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016676863.

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We present here a realist multilevel situational analysis of maternal depression. We use situational analysis to identify the interaction of mothers with social structures and the possible causal influence of those social structures on her well-being. The analysis moves from an emergent empirical approach toward the more reflexive and abductive approach of situational analysis, thus better informing our abductive reasoning and the generation of theory. Critical realism and symbolic interactionism provide the methodological underpinning for the study. The setting was South Western Sydney, Australia. Interviews of mothers and practitioners were analyzed using open coding to enable maximum emergence. Situational analysis was then undertaken using situational and social worlds/arena maps. Home and neighborhood situational analysis mapping and analysis of relations identified the following concepts: (a) expectations and dreams, (b) marginalization and being alone, (c) loss or absence of power and control, and (d) support and nurturing. The neighborhood and macro-arena situational analysis mapping and analysis of relations identified the following concepts: (a) social support networks, social cohesion and social capital; (b) services planning and delivery and social policy; and (c) global economy, business, and media. Emerging was the centrality of being alone and expectations lost as possible triggers of stress and depression within circumstances where media portrays expectations of motherhood that are shattered by reality and social marginalization. We further observe that powerful global economic and political forces are having an impact on the local situations. The challenge for policy and practice is to support families within this adverse regional and global economic context.

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COLLIE, Erika, Raelia LEW, and Michelle PEATE. "Merging Motherhood and Medicine: A Qualitative Study Exploring Barriers and Enablers to Motherhood Among Australian Female Doctors." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740899.

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Background: Despite the increasing ‘feminisation’ of the Australian medical workforce, female doctors remain under-represented in leadership positions, many specialty areas, and renumeration levels. A key factor implicated in this disparity is the unequal impact of parenthood on mothers. Australian research on this issue is lacking. Aim: To identify the barriers and enablers experienced by Australian female doctors, when combining motherhood with a medical career. Method: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 18 female Australian physician mothers, during March and May 2020. Interview data were examined using thematic analysis to extract key themes. Results: Six key barriers and seven key enablers were identified. Barriers (B1-6) largely reflected structural and cultural issues operating within health services and the wider medical profession, specifically the (B1) experience of working in medicine; (B2) demands of postgraduate specialty training; (B3) attitudes towards mothers in medicine; (B4) gender inequality; (B5) insufficient entitlements and support; and (B6) competing priorities, conflicting roles. Enablers (E1-7) were predominantly personal and interpersonal supports relating to (E1) supportive partnerships; (E2) non-traditional gender roles; (E3) capacity to outsource; (E4) doctors supporting doctors; (E5) flexible work arrangements; (E6) increasing acceptance and support; and (E7) capacity to combine career and family. Conclusion: This was the first Australian qualitative study to explore motherhood experiences among female doctors. The results indicate that Australian physician-mothers encounter considerable structural and cultural barriers during all stages of motherhood. To facilitate motherhood in medicine, further research is needed to inform policy development and support provisions within Australian health systems.

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Lee, Christina, and Helen Gramotnev. "Motherhood Plans among Young Australian Women." Journal of Health Psychology 11, no. 1 (January 2006): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105306058838.

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Atmore, Katie, Louise Howard, and Abigail Easter. "Preconception interventions and resources for women with serious mental illness: a rapid evidence review." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.626.

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AimsThere is little research into evidence-based preconception interventions for women with serious mental illness (SMI). Women with SMI will have specific needs around preconception due to the complexities of the teratogenicity of medications, risk of mental illness relapse and higher levels of stigma around motherhood. If effectively delivered preconception care could mitigate these difficulties and improve outcomes for mother and baby. The aim of this research was therefore to determine to identify and describe studies evaluating preconception interventions for women of child-bearing age who have an existing SMI through searches of the peer-reviewed literature.MethodA rapid review was conducted to search MEDLINE and PsychINFO databases from the year 2000 onwards for peer-reviewed articles describing preconception interventions/resources delivered prior to a pregnancy to women of child-bearing age with a pre-existing existing serious mental illness (including schizophrenia, bipolar and eating disorders).ResultA total of 592 results were returned from the searches and 576 of these remained after the removal of duplicates. 11 studies were included in the final narrative synthesis describing the following intervention types: Health warning (1), Health screening (1), Teratogen phone service (2), Psychiatric consultation (5), Family planning information (1) and Peripartum management plan (1). Interventions were delivered in Australia, UK, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, USA and Nigeria.ConclusionThough the included studies indicated that some efforts have been made globally to meet the preconception needs of women with SMI the numbers included in the studies tended to be low and reflective of small-scale service provision. Future studies utilising a randomised controlled trial design would lower the risk of bias and provide more generalisable evidence of effectiveness for these interventions. The results of this review were used to inform the development of a number of resources to aid the planning of healthy pregnancies in both women with SMI and the health professionals working with them.

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Brand, Gabrielle, Paul Morrison, Barry Down, and Be WestBrook. "Scaffolding young Australian women's journey to motherhood: a narrative understanding." Health & Social Care in the Community 22, no. 5 (April 6, 2014): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12106.

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Shea, Rebecca, Lia Bryant, and Sarah Wendt. "‘Nappy bags instead of handbags’: Young motherhood and self-identity." Journal of Sociology 52, no. 4 (July 10, 2016): 840–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783315599594.

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This article presents the findings of an Australian study that aimed to explore how young women construct their self-identity while negotiating motherhood and the associated transition to adulthood. Teenage motherhood, within contemporary discourse, often attracts negative assumptions about young women’s worth and ability to parent. This study used a combination of semi-structured interviews and memory work to draw out women’s stories and give voice to their experiences of becoming mothers. Three key themes were induced from the findings: pride and self, autonomy and change, and resilience. This article explores these themes that are, in many ways, a resistance and challenge to dominant public discourse, and relates them to how young women ascribe positive meaning to their experiences of becoming mothers. The findings demonstrate women’s autonomy in shaping their lives in the way they forge relationships and raise their children. The article concludes by examining the implications of meaning-making in relation to self-identity for young mothers to inform service provision.

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Smith, Jennifer L., S. Rachel Skinner, and Jennifer Fenwick. "Perceptions of teen motherhood in Australian adolescent females: Life-line or lifederailment." Women and Birth 25, no. 4 (December 2012): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2011.10.007.

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Holton, Sara, Jane Fisher, and Heather Rowe. "Attitudes Toward Women and Motherhood: Their Role in Australian Women’s Childbearing Behaviour." Sex Roles 61, no. 9-10 (June 11, 2009): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-009-9659-8.

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Sawer, Marian. "From motherhood to sisterhood: Attitudes of australian women MPs to their roles." Women's Studies International Forum 9, no. 5-6 (January 1986): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5395(86)90045-2.

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Johnstone, Melissa, Jayne Lucke, and Christina Lee. "Influences of Marriage, Motherhood, and Other Life Events on Australian Women’s Employment Aspirations." Psychology of Women Quarterly 35, no. 2 (March 15, 2011): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684310388502.

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Lee, Christina, and Helen Gramotnev. "Predictors and outcomes of early motherhood in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health." Psychology, Health & Medicine 11, no. 1 (February 2006): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13548500500238143.

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Wyatt, Donna, and Katie Hughes. "When discourse defies belief." Journal of Sociology 45, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783309335646.

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This article considers the role of the Australian anti-abortion movement in the discursive practices of the worldwide pro-life franchise. It is based on in-depth interviews with key members of the moment located in four similar organizations. It examines the ways in which they perceive their cause and the ways in which they might influence both public conversations about abortion and individual pregnant women. It specifically focuses on the ways in which new medical imaging technologies are drawn upon to facilitate a renewed view of the separateness of a foetus, explores the participants’ views of motherhood and mothering, and the ways in which the abortion rate is seen as indicative of the fragmentation of contemporary society.

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Agutter, Karen, and Catherine Kevin. "Lost in translation: managing medicalised motherhood in post-World War Two Australian migrant accommodation centres." Women's History Review 27, no. 7 (January 31, 2018): 1065–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2018.1430001.

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Nolan, Melanie. "The ‘Playful Pluralist’: The Pioneer Genre-Roaming of ‘Crypto-Feminist’ Coral Lansbury." Literature & History 28, no. 2 (September 14, 2019): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306197319870370.

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Coral Lansbury wrote in a number of different registers and genres. Serially, she was an Australian radio script and ‘soaps’ writer, studied in New Zealand as an expatriate, became a Distinguished Professor of English specialising in British Victorian Studies in the USA and then a novelist. As well as boomeranging between writing careers and countries of the Anglosphere, the thrice-married Lansbury experienced widowhood, unmarried motherhood and divorce; she abandoned her child to her husband and later reconciled with her son. Her life reads like a plot from one of her novels. Lansbury was not active in women’s associations or the organised feminist movement. Her radio work, lectures and book tours in which she expounded her ‘crypto’ and, then later, ‘economic’ and ‘conservative-anarchist’ feminism were ephemeral. I argue that she should be repatriated into the history of postwar Australian feminism because, while mercurial and living in the USA, she pursued an expatriate professional strategy successfully and consistently sought to extend women’s vocation through kinds of popular literature. Her work reveals pluralism as much as contradiction.

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Lingard, Helen, and Jasmine Lin. "Managing Motherhood in the Australian Construction Industry: Work-family Balance, Parental Leave and Part-time Work." Construction Economics and Building 3, no. 2 (November 18, 2012): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v3i2.2915.

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A survey of women in the Australian construction industrywas undertaken to examine women's work experiencesin construction. Questionnaires were distributed to threehundred women in construction occupations and 109completed and usable questionnaires were returned.Women were found to be seriously under-represented insite-based roles. Site/project engineers worked longer hoursthan other occupational groups and expressed significantlygreater work-family conflict. Lack of flexibility and theinability to balance work and family were common themesin the qualitative comments made by many respondents.Even when women indicated that part time work options andmaternity entitlements were provided by their organizations,many expressed a reluctance to use them and perceivedcareer penalty associated with this usage. It is concludedthat more flexible work schedules and the implementationof family-friendly policies may encourage more women intosite-based roles in construction. The paper concludes thatthe rigid work practices presently in place act as a subtleform of discrimination. The provision of such policies willonly be effective if cultural and attitudinal change is alsoachieved.

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Sheeran, Nicola, Liz Jones, and Jennifer Rowe. "Motherhood as the Vehicle for Change in Australian Adolescent Women of Preterm and Full-Term Infants." Journal of Adolescent Research 31, no. 6 (July 27, 2016): 700–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558415615942.

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Malatzky, Christina Amelia Rosa. "Australian women's complex engagement with the yummy mummy discourse and the bodily ideals of good motherhood." Women's Studies International Forum 62 (May 2017): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2017.02.006.

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Cartwright, Sheree. "The Shifting Paid Work and Family Life Experiences and Cultural Habitus of Motherhood: An Australian Perpsective." International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review 5, no. 12 (2008): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/cgp/v05i12/42319.

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