Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mother and infant Psychology'
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Berman, Sheryl H. "Taking the "Mother" out of "Motherese" : young infants' preference for mothers' use of infant-directed speech /." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063753/.
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Sterling, John W. (John Wilson). "Mother-Infant Interaction with Facially Deformed Infants." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331799/.
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This study investigated the interactions of facially deformed infants (FD) with their mothers compared to a facially nondeformed control group (FND). All mother-infant dyads were videotaped for 10 minutes during a free play period. Mothers were instructed to spend time with their baby as they normally would. The videotaped interactions of 14 FD dyads and 14 FND dyads were rated by five raters for quality of interactions, amount of vocalization, touch, and face-to-face gaze. The infants were rated on their level of attractiveness from polaroid pictures and videotapes. Mothers also completed a questionnaire which assessed their infants' temperament. Three of the studies' four hypotheses were confirmed. First, the more attractive an infant was, the better his/her interactions with the mother were judged to be. Second, FD infant dyads were rated as significantly poorer in quality of interaction than FND dyads, although FD* dyads did not spend significantly less time vocalizing, touching, or in face-to-face gaze as predicted. A significantly higher percentage of FD infants were judged as having difficult temperament relative to FND infants. Finally, as predicted it was found that infants with difficult temperaments were more likely to exhibit poorer quality interactions than infants with less difficult temperaments. These results have important implications for providing anticipatory guidance to caregivers of FD infants. Without intervention, FD infants appear at risk for subsequent developmental problems stemming from disrupted early mother-infant interactions. Future research should focus on these interactions soon after the infant's birth, attempt to determine if FD infants' emotions can be reliably understood from their facial expressions (as has been found in normal infants) and extend the current research paradigm to include fathers of FD infants.
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Humphry, Ruth Anne. "Colic in infancy and the mother-infant relationship /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260531955972.
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Service, V. "The contexts of mother-infant interaction." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376434.
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Connors, Elizabeth. "Mother-infant interaction and the development of mastery motivation in infancy." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1995. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20037/.
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Infant motivation towards competence or mastery is said to be enhanced by contingent environmental feedback (White, 1959). This theory has been supported by research into the contingent responsiveness of the infant caretaking environment (e.g. Vondra & Belsky, 1989). Other caregiving variables have also been found to contribute such as the provision of sensory stimulation, focusing infant attention and low restrictiveness (Belsky, Goode & Most, 1980, Jennings, Harmon, Morgan, Gaiter & Yarrow, 1979; Yan-ow, Morgan, Jennings, Harmon & Gaiter, 1982). However, findings have been inconsistent. The first aim of the present study was to clari& previous research findings and, more specifically, to determine the importance of contingent experience in the first half year of life to the development of mastery motivation as this period has hitherto been neglected. Secondly, as the experience of social contingencies early in infancy has also been found to be associated with security of infant-caregiver attachment (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters & Wall, 1978), it was hypothesised that there would be a relationship between infant attachment and mastery motivation. Finally, on the basis of findings that more difficult infants may experience less responsive maternal caregiving (van den Boom, 1989), it was proposed that infant difficultness would also be related to mastery motivation. 55 Mother-infant pairs were observed in everyday home interaction at 3 '/2, 8 and 14 months. Maternal contingent responsiveness, sensitivity, warmth, stimulation, infant attention focusing, restrictions and intrusive/insensitive behaviour were studied in relation to infant social and inanimate interaction. Mothers completed the ICQ (Bates, Freeland & Lounsbury, 1979) as a measure of infant diThcultness at each of the three stages. At 8 and 14 months infant mastery motivation was examined using a standard free-play procedure (Vondra & Belsky, 1991). Finally, infant attachment was measured at 14 months using the Attachment Behaviour Q-sort (Waters, 1987). Findings revealed that maternal contingent responsiveness to infant social initiations and distress, stimulation and focusing infant attention, measured at various stages of the study were positively correlated with aspects of infant mastery motivation measured at 8 and 14 months. Restrictions and intrusive/insensitive behaviour were found to be negatively correlated with infant mastery motivation. Stepwise regression indicated that the most significant predictors of 8 month mastery motivation were maternal warmth measured at 3 '/2 months and stimulation and intrusive/insensitive behaviour measured at 8 months. Responsiveness to infant distress and maternal intrusive/insensitive behaviour, both measured at 3 1/2 months, were found to be significant predictors of 14 month mastery motivation, thus, providing evidence of the importance of contingent responding during the early infancy period. However, intrusive/insensitive behaviour and contingent responsiveness to infant social initiations measured at 14 months were also significant predictors of 14 month mastery motivation. A moderate, but significant relationship was found between infant Attachment Q-sort scores and one measure of 14 month mastery motivation which indicated that more securely attached infants explored at a higher level of sophistication and showed greater pleasure in free-play. Stepwise regression indicated that the strongest predictors of 14 month infant attachment security were maternal warmth measured at 3 1/2 and 14 months and maternal sensitivity measured at 8 months. Contingent responsiveness at 3 1/2 months was not found to be of special significance to the development of secure attachment. Finally, infants rated as more difficult by their mothers performed more poorly along several measures of both 8 and 14 month mastery motivation than infants rated as less difficult. Infants who were perceived as more difficult had experienced higher levels of physical stimulation and more intrusive/insensitive caregiving during the first year. These findings show that infant mastery motivation may be influenced from an early age by both the behaviour of caregivers and by infant dispositional characteristics. Thus, there are important implications for the development of infants who, due to various disabilities, have difficulty in eliciting contingent responses from their caregivers or who, for whatever reason, may be perceived as difficult. The study focused on motivation for mastery of the inanimate environment and it is acknowledged that some infants may instead be predisposed or channelled towards mastery in the social environment. Further research is required to identi& individual differences in mastery orientation and to determine the longer term motivational consequences of early infant experiences.
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Bertrand, Lynda Caroll Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "Mother-infant bonding; theory and practice." Ottawa, 1996.
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Morelen, Diana, Rena Menke, Katherine Rosenblum, Marjorie Beeghly, and Maria Muzik. "Bidirectional Mother-Infant Affective Displays across Contexts of Risk." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/744.
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Slonims, Victoria. "A comparative investigation of mother-Infant interaction with babies with Down Syndrome and normal infants." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271137.
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Swanson, Heather. "Attention as a moderator of the effects of negative emotionality on mother-child interactions during infancy." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/h_swanson_042208.pdf.
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Moore, Roxanne Rose. "Examining relationships between the quality of early postnatal mother-infant feeding interactions and infant somatic growth." Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10053387.
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Short-term longitudinal study of mother-infant feeding interactions is rare in the infant obesity, growth, eating disorder, and attachment research. Beginning at birth through 3 months of age, this case-study replication series utilized archival data of 12 mother-infant pairs videotaped during weekly bottle-feeding sessions in their homes. Measures included infant weight and length and amount of food ingested. Videotapes were scored according to five infant and nine maternal observed feeding behaviors scaled on the Interaction Rating Scale - Feeding Ratings, a global measure of mother-infant feeding interactions. Study hypotheses proposed that the more optimal the mothers’ or infants’ behaviors, the larger the weight or BMI of the infant or the more food the infant ingested at a feeding session. Spearman rank-order correlation time-point analyses on 69 feeding observations showed statistically significant relationships. All combined infant behavior ratings as well as specific infant behavior ratings of State Rating, Physical Activity, and Gaze Behavior were significantly related to larger infant weight or infant BMI. Regarding maternal behavior ratings, statistically significant negative correlations were found between Persistence in Feeding and infant weight, Contingent Vocalization and BMI, and Gaze Behavior and amount of food ingested. These results have implications for further theorizing about the early antecedents of pediatric obesity in particular, but also for the development of caregiver-infant attachment in general.
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Tomlinson, Mark. "A critical evaluation of a community based mother-infant intervention project with special emphasis on infant attachment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9909.
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Bibliography: leaves 61-88.This dissertation critically evaluates a community based mother-infant intervention project in Hanover Park, a deprived area of Cape Town, characterised by poverty, gangsterism and high levels of unemployment. The aim of the project was to assess the impact of an intervention programme in preventing child abuse and neglect and promoting more nurturing parent-child relationships. The sample was drawn from clinic records at the Hanover Park Mid-Obstetric Unit. Twenty-five mother-infant dyads were initially chosen based on high levels of stress and assigned to the intervention group. A control group was subsequently chosen, also drawn from clinic records as well as being matched with the intervention group. Subjects in the intervention group received weekly visits for a two-year period from family support workers, all of whom lived in Hanover Park. The intervention was based on the Healthy Start Programme as developed in Hawaii. A basic socio-demographic questionnaire was administered at the beginning of the project. Mothers were assessed for postnatal depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal . Depression Scale. Anthropometric data was collected throughout the project. At the end of the two-year intervention, infants were assessed using the Griffiths Scales of Mental Development and Ainsworth's Strange Situation. The results were statistically analysed for relationships and differences according to group. Findings revealed that there were no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group on any of the outcome measures. A trend was detected with the Strange Situation results and a power analysis was conducted in order to determine requisite sample size for significance to have been achieved. The result of this algorithm were that for significance to have been achieved (assuming the trend were to continue) a sample size of 74 in each group would have been required. A discussion is presented in terms of the implications of the findings for the utilisation of the Strange Situation measure in a diverse cultural context such as South Africa, as well as the broader cultural implications for the study of attachment in future studies. A detailed methodological and theoretical critique of the Hanover Park Project is also presented in order to glean important lessons for future intervention studies, and more particularly for a treatment-trial which is at present being conducted in Khayelitsha.
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Chung, Yee-har Ida. "An exploratory study of marital adjustment of mothers with a first born child /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13418075.
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Gschwendt, Miriam A. "Early manifestations of aggression in infants of high risk mother-infant dyads." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/2002/0021/gschwend.pdf.
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O'Brien, Shannon. "The psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) : a review of the literature." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50173.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: his review examines the literature on the psychological impact of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on the mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. The paper summarizes the findings of the KMC research and considers the implications of it in light of high numbers of premature and low birth weight infants in South Africa. The review briefly considers theories of bonding and attachment adopted in the research and theories on why KMC is effective. The psychological impact of one component of KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC), used primarily in developed countries to supplement traditional care, has been extensively researched. In contrast, much less research has explored the psychological impact of full KMC programmes in developing countries. Our understanding of the psychological impact of KMC therefore relies predominantly on research from a very different context to the one in which KMC is used. As SSC has been utilised very differently to KMC and in first world settings, it cannot offer mothers or their family reliable information on the psychological demands and benefits ofKMC. Findings: Although KMC appears to offer invaluable physiological benefits and assists in 'humanising' neonatal care in important ways, there is currently very little published research on the short or long-term psychological impact of KMC on the mother, infant, support personnel and other caretakers. On the whole, research findings on the psychological impact of KMC were not conclusive but indicate some positive outcomes for increased maternal sensitivity and confidence, developmental benefits for the infant and an improvement in the clarity of infants' cues and communication with caregiver. Findings on the psychological impact of KMC for support personnel and other caretakers such as the family of the infant are also not conclusive and indicate that more research is necessary. Further research is required regarding cross-cultural experiences of KMC; maternal experiences of depression, anxiety and ambivalence; long-term developmental and attachment outcomes for the infant and the possible preventative value of KMC for maternal and infant mental health.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie hersiening ondersoek die literatuur aangaande die sielkundige uitwerking van Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) op die ma, suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en ander opsigters. Die artikel is 'n opsomming van die uitspraak van KMC navorsing en oorweeg die gevolgtrekkings daarvan ten opsigte van die hoe getal vroeggebore en lae ligaamsgewig van suigelinge wat in Suid-Afrika gebore is. Die hersiening kyk kortliks na die teorie verbonde aan die binding en gehegtheid van die navorsing en teorie oor hoekom KMC doeltreffend is. Die sielkundige uitwerking van een onderdeel van KMC, Skin-to-Skin Care (SSC), wat meestal in gevorderde lande gebruik word om tradisionele versorg te verryk, is deeglik ondersoek. Inteendeel is ver minder navorsing op die sielkundige uitwerking van volle KMC programme in ontwikellende lande gedoen. Dus is ons begrip van die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC afhanklik op navorsing vanuit 'n ander konteks as die een waarin die eintlik gebruik is. SSC word baie anders benut as KMC, en in eerstewereldkontekste kan dit dus nie veel betroubare inligting op die sielkundige vereistes en voordele van KMC verskaf nie. Bevindings: Al kom dit voor dat KMC waardevolle sielkundige voordele verskaf en help in geboorte nasorg op belangrike maniere, is daar huidiglik baie min navorsing op druk oor die kort- of die langtermyn sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ma, suigeling, ondersteunende personeel en ander oppassers. In die algemeen, is die bevindings van navorsing oor die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC nie volkome nie, maar dui positiewe uitslae aan op verhoogde moederlike gevoelens en selfvertroue. Navorsing dui ook ontwikkelingsvoordele vir die suigeling, asook die bevordering van die duidelikheid van sy kommunikasie met die oppasser. Bevindings op die sielkundige uitwerking van KMC op die ondersteunende personeel en ander oppassers, byvoorbeeld familielede van die suigeling, is ook nie volkome nie, en dui die nodigheid van verdere navorsing aan. Verdere navorsing oor die kruiskulturele ervaring van KMC, moederlike ondervinding van moedeloosheid, angs en dubbelsinnigheid is benodig. Langtermyn ontwikkeling en gehegtigheidsake vir die suigeling en die moontlike voorkomende waarde van KMC vir moederlike en suigeling se geestelike gesondheid is ook wel benodig.
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Powers, Niki. "Culture and expression in mother-infant vocal play : do vowels regulate intersubjectivity?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2665.
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Three studies explored how vowel sounds are utilised by mothers and infants in the first year to regulate emotional expression. In Study 1, a cultural comparison was carried out. 6 English-speaking and 6 Japanese-speaking mother-infant dyads were filmed in their homes (3 male and 3 female infants in each country), when the infants were aged 4 months. Analysis was carried out of vowel sounds produced by mothers and infants and of bodily contact in 2 defined emotional situations (‘engagement’ and ‘disengagement’). The findings presented here suggest that acoustic features of vowel sounds (pitch, intensity and duration) were found to be coordinated with bodily contact and correlated with specific emotional communicative contexts. Study 2 and 3 were only carried out in Scotland with English-speaking participants. In Study 2, an ‘emotional voice’ experiment was developed to test 11 infant’s reactions to changes in pitch variation in mother vowel sounds, in specific emotional situations. In Study 3, 158 adult participants were asked to judge if isolated infant vowel-like calls (which had previously been coded for emotional content) expressed distinct emotions, and whether they felt any emotional response to the sounds. The findings suggest that acoustic features of vowel sounds appear to be utilised differently in ‘engaged’ and ‘disengaged’ interactions and in Japan and Scotland, suggesting that emotional communication develops in culturally specific ways. Results suggest that adults may be able to recognise emotional meanings in infants’ early vowel sounds, and that infants often react in distinctive ways to emotional changes in their mothers’ voices.
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Gering, Jeanne. "Infant observation : the first year of life." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1009451.
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This research project is about infant-observation, that is looking at, observing, and studying parent-infant interactions and relationships within the first year of life. The principle intention of the study is to illustrate and shed light upon human infant development and how the newborn becomes a fully functioning member within the family. The study provides a context in which to consider parent-infant interaction beginning in utero, expanding to the birthing process, and continuing through the infant's first year. It focuses on specific themes of parent-infant interaction. The following situations are explored: the role of the mother; the mother as a container; the infant's experience of containment; the internalisation of experience; the symbolic meaning of food; dealing with distress and the development of concrete communication; the growth of a sense of ego; and, the infant's internal world. The study concludes by addressing various implications for further psychotherapy and compares the therapist-client relationship to the mother-infant relationship. The research outlines one particular psychoanalytic theoretical orientation of mental and emotional development. It is a model derived predominantly from The Developmental School Theorists and Object Relations Theorists, namely, Bowlby, Klein, Mahler and Winnicott. This model looks at the infant's earliest relationships and the processes these set up within the infant's developing mind. Infant observation, asa research method proposed by Bick and Sidoli, links method and theory, and serves as the methodological approach utilised in the present study. A video, based on the parent-infant interaction of three families, provides observational data and may be viewed in conjunction with this research.KMBT_363
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Jia, Rongfang. "Dynamic Mother-Infant and Father-Infant Interaction: Contribution of Parents’ and Infants’ Facial Affect and Prediction from Depression, Empathy and Temperament." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397809199.
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Crowe, Helen P. "Effects of a learned helplessness task and infant temperment on mothers' responsivity to infant cry sounds." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39801.
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Mothers' susceptibility to the effects of learned helplessness as a function of the perception of her own infants' temperament and exposure to varying degrees of control over infant crying was explored. Seventysix mothers were classified as having a difficult or easy infant based upon ratings of their infant on the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire. Using an adaptation of the learned helplessness paradigm, a relatively equal number of mothers from each group were exposed to an escape, inescape, or control pretreatment condition and subsequently tested on a solvable shuttle box task. Mothers of easy infants who were pretreated with inescapable crying demonstrated more failures and trials to criterion than mothers of easy infants in the escape and control conditions. In contrast, mothers of difficult infants did not demonstrate performance differences across the 3 pretreatment conditions. Mothers of difficult infants performed significantly better on the shuttle box task than mothers of easy infants following exposure to uncontrollable crying. Mothers of difficult and easy infants did not differ on measures of depression, perceptions of control over adult-child interactions, and potential for child abuse. Mothers did not respond more rapidly to the cries produced by unfamiliar difficult or easy infants. Findings suggest mothers of difficult infants may initially be less adept at terminating infant crying, but are more resilient to these failure experiences. Indeed, mothers of difficult infants responded more effectively following exposure to uncontrollable infant cry sounds. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of mothers' perceptions of their different caregiving experiences in mediating their responsivity to salient infant cues.Ph. D.
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Kime, Susan Thomas 1944. "Working mothers and maternal attachment: an exploratory study." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558101.
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Bogh, Rachel Ann. "Comparison of Adoptive vs. Biological Mother-Infant Relationships in Nonhuman Primates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2553.
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Studies suggest that adoptees are at risk for a number of psychopathological behaviors. To understand the etiology of this risk, 150 socially housed rhesus macaques were studied, including 107 infants reared with their biological mothers and 43 infants reared with unrelated adoptive mothers. Mother-infant behaviors were recorded across the first 6 months of life. Analyses were performed using a hierarchical linear mixed model. All reported results were tested at p<0.05. Adopted infants were observed on average to approach and leave their mothers more frequently, explore the environment and locomote longer, exhibit more anxiety-like behavior, spend less time being held to their mother's breast, and were rejected by their mothers more when compared to nonadopted infants, indicating they are more likely responsible for maintaining the relationship. They also direct and receive more noncontact aggression on average to other social group members, and showed evidence of higher anxiety exhibiting high levels of anxiety-like self-directed behavior when compared to nonadopted infants. Also, results indicate that adopted infants have significantly lower levels of the CSF serotonin metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid when compared to nonadopted infants.
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Doan, Therese Hong-Dung. "Breastfeeding behavior and related factors in low-income and ethnically diverse mother-infant dyads." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only. Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3390041.
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Traverso, Koroleff Pierina. "The progressive creation of the early mother-child bonding." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100217.
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One of the research areas in mother-child health has focused on examining which are the signs inmothers' psychological functioning that would lead to a further disturbed development in an infant.The perspective of this paper has deviated from this research area. Natural observation of an infantduring his/her first year of life suggests that early mother-child affective bonding grows and strengthens progressively, even mother's behavior is not totally adequate. This article al so suggests that mother and child feed back each other in this early bonding.Una de las líneas de investigación en salud materno-infantil se ha interesado en investigar cuáles son los indicadores del funcionamiento psicológico de las madres que llevarían a un desarrollo posterior perturbado del infante. La perspectiva del presente trabajo se distancia de esta línea de investigación. La observación natural de un infante durante el primer año de su vida, nos permite sugerir que el vínculo temprano entre una madre y su bebé se va gestando y consolidando progresivamente,más allá que el funcionamiento de la madre no sea del todo adecuado. Se sugiere además que en este vínculo afectivo temprano, la madre y el bebé se retroalimentan mutuamente.
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Quigley, Ashley. "Infant Emotion Regulation with Mothers and Fathers: The Roles of Infant Temperament and Parent Psychopathology." TopSCHOLAR®, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3121.
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The ability to regulate emotions is a key part of infants’ social and emotional development, but this ability may differ due to different factors internal and external to the infant. The current study examined the association between infant temperament and parent psychopathology to predict emotion regulation strategies in a sample of 4-montholds using the diathesis-stress model (Monroe & Simons, 1991). Parent-report questionnaires were used to measure infant temperament (the Infant-Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, IBQ-R; Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003) and parental psychopathology (Inventory of Depression and Anxiety, IDAS; Watson et al., 2007). Infants’ use of parent-focused, attentional distraction, and self-soothing strategies were rated during a dyadic face-to-face play task with mothers and fathers (Still-Face Paradigm, Tronick, Als, Adamson, Wise, & Brazelton, 1978) to assess emotion regulation strategy use. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant effects for mother-infant dyads that partially supports the diathesis-stress model.
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Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, and P. Hull Smith. "Who's Controlling Whom? Infant Contributions to Maternal Play Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.283.
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Because the way mothers play with their children may have significant impacts on children's social, cognitive, and linguistic development, researchers have become interested in potential predictors of maternal play. In the present study, 40 mother–infant dyads were followed from child age 5–20 months. Five-month habituation rate and 13 and 20 month temperamental difficulty were found to be predictive of maternal play quality at 20 months. The most parsimonious theoretical model was one in which habituation was mediated by temperamental difficulty in predicting mother play. Consistent with prior speculation in the literature, these data support the possibility that mothers adjust some aspects of their play behaviors to fit their children's cognitive and temperamental capabilities.
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Morelen, Diana M., Rena Menke, Katherine Lisa Rosenblum, Marjorie Beeghl, and Maria Muzik. "Understanding Bidirectional Mother-Infant Affective Displays across Contexts: Effects of Maternal Maltreatment History and Postpartum Depression and PTSD Symptoms." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1159/000448376.
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Background: This study examined the bidirectional nature of mother-infant positive and negative emotional displays during social interactions across multiple tasks among postpartum women accounting for childhood maltreatment severity. Additionally, effects of maternal postpartum psychopathology on maternal affect and effects of task and emotional valence on dyadic emotional displays were evaluated. Sampling and Methods: A total of 192 mother-infant dyads (51% male infants) were videotaped during free play and the Still-Face paradigm at 6 months postpartum. Mothers reported on trauma history and postpartum depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Reliable, masked coders scored maternal and infant positive and negative affect from the videotaped interactions. Results: Three path models evaluated whether dyadic affective displays were primarily mother driven, infant driven, or bidirectional in nature, adjusting for mothers' maltreatment severity and postpartum psychopathology. The bidirectional model had the best fit. Child maltreatment severity predicted depression and PTSD symptoms, and maternal symptoms predicted affective displays (both positive and negative), but the pattern differed for depressive symptoms compared to PTSD symptoms. Emotional valence and task altered the nature of bidirectional affective displays. Conclusions: The results add to our understanding of dyadic affective exchanges in the context of maternal risk (childhood maltreatment history, postpartum symptoms of depression and PTSD). Findings highlight postpartum depression symptoms as one mechanism of risk transmission from maternal maltreatment history to impacted parent-child interactions. Limitations include reliance on self-reported psychological symptoms and that the sample size prohibited testing of moderation analyses. Developmental and clinical implications are discussed.
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Friedman, Karen Blanc Spiers Mary. "Are symptoms of postpartum depression associated with deficits in facial and auditory emotional recognition? /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2828.
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Nguyen, Lap Van. "The relationship between number of toys, infant distractibility, and mothers' teaching utterances." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4995.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among the number of toys in an infant's play environment, infant's distractibility, and how often a mother teaches her infant during a play session. This study takes samples from videotapes of 12-month old children playing with their mothers during a 5 minute free-play situation. Twenty-two mother and infant pairs were selected for this study based on their previous participation in a language study. The measures used in this study were: (1) the number of maternal teaching utterances to her infant; (2) the total number of utterances that mother used during the play session with the child; (3) the number of toys that were visible in the room; (4) the factors that distracted the infant during the play session; and (5) the type of toy the infant choses to engage with.ID: 030422814; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34).
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Child, Family, and Community Sciences
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Keane, Melissa. "How the quality of the early mother-infant relationship Influences decision making in risky situations later in life." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/111.
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The present study examined attachment disorganization and executive function as predictors of adolescent risky behavior. Additionally, the present study examined how attachment disorganization and executive function may differentially predict adolescent risky behavior for males and females. Measures of executive function, mother-infant attachment, adolescent risky behavior, family income, and gender were obtained from adolescent participants of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD-SECCYD). Data was analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM). Executive function, attachment, and risky behavior were unrelated in the study sample. Income was a significant predictor of attachment for females, but not males. Income was an equal and significant predictor of executive function for both males and females. Income was also a significant predictor of risky behavior for males and females, though a stronger predictor for females. Limitations and ideas for future research were discussed.
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O'Donnell, Ursula. "Infant feeding methods and mothers' psychological well-being." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6403/.
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Objective: The present study aims to develop a better understanding of how different feeding methods impact upon the psychological health of mothers. Background: Initiation of breastfeeding in Scotland is 74% (exclusive or partial) with prevalence of breastfeeding falling to 47% at 10 days and to 37% at six weeks. The chosen feeding method a mother uses for feeding her infant can impact upon her psychologically but studies have reported inconsistently as to whether breastfeeding or formula-feeding is associated with psychological distress. Methodological limitations, including classification of feeding method, the use of unsuitable measures and assessing psychological health at wide ranging time-points preclude any definite conclusions being made. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 58 mothers with a biological child aged between eight weeks and six months. Twenty-six mothers were self-reported as breastfeeding exclusively, 10 formula-feeding exclusively and 22 formula-feeding following weaning from breast. Participants completed five self-reported psychological health and distress measures, with scores being compared between feeding groups. Results & Conclusions: Mothers who weaned onto formula, after initially trying to breastfeed, experienced higher depression and negative affect compared to mothers who exclusively formula-fed. Mothers who were unable to feed as intended appeared to be more psychologically vulnerable. This has implications for clinicians and policy makers who need to be aware that support may be needed for this group.
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Capuzzi, Cecelia Ostien. "Effects of stress and social support on maternal attachment with a handicapped infant." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/537.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the attachment process of mothers with and without a handicapped infant and to examine the effects of stress and the social support network on this process. The research was a prospective, longitudinal study comparing two different mother-infant groups on the dependent variable, maternal attachment. The independent variables handicap-nonhandicap, maternal characteristics, perinatal events, and other stressors were analyzed for their effect on maternal attachment. The social support network was examined to determine its direct and indirect effect on the attachment process. The sample was composed of 36 mother-infant dyads. Data were gathered in the home at one, six, and twelve months postpartum using interviews, questionnaires and observation. Upon completion of data collection, comparisons were made between those mothers having a handicapped infant (n = 15) and those having a nonhandicapped infant (n = 21). Quantitative and qualitative techniques were employed to answer the study questions. The results indicate that there were significant differences in maternal attachment at one month postpartum with the mothers having a handicapped infant exhibiting fewer attachment behaviors. When the effects of prenatal support were partialled out, the handicap-nonhandicap variable no longer correlated significantly with maternal attachment suggesting that support was buffering the effects of having a handicapped infant. The results of the qualitative analysis also indicated that mothers having a handicapped infant were having problems with attachment. The support variables, affect and affirmation, were positively associated with maternal attachment for those mothers having a handicapped infant, while aid support was negatively correlated with maternal attachment. The qualitative analysis found that the mothers having a handicapped infant gained new support members and that more professionals became part of their support systems. In spite of gaining new support members, these mothers felt that they had less aid. At one year postpartum, mothers with a handicapped infant were experiencing more stressors than mothers with a nonhandicapped infant. Furthermore, stressors were negatively correlated with maternal attachment.
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Golbach, Traci. "The Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on the Mutual Regulation of Attention in Mother-Infant Dyads." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2005. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/5.
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Mutual regulation of attention was investigated in a group of prenatally cocaine-exposed and non-exposed mother-infant dyads during a 5-minute videotaped free play session. Mutual regulation was measured using a state-based coding scheme designed to categorize dyadic interactions into three mutually exclusive and exhaustive states: maternal bid, mutual engagement, and non-involved. Results revealed no significant differences between cocaine-exposed and non-exposed dyads in overall amount of mutual engagement displayed. Cocaine-exposed dyads exhibited significantly longer mutual engagement episodes. Mothers in the two groups did not differ in the number or quality of bids for mutual engagement, and infants in both groups were equally responsive to maternal bids. No ecological variables were found to predict mutual engagement.
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Teeters, Angelique R. "Effects of Childhood Maltreatment History on Maternal Sensitivity to Infant Facial Expressions of Emotion." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1396716594.
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Spedding, Maxine F. "Rocking the hand that rocks the cradle : exploring the potential of group therapy with low-income South African mother-infant dyads." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50443.
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Assignment (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The transition to motherhood represents a critical period in a woman's life. It presents the mother with the opportunity for personal development, while simultaneously rendering her vulnerable to psychological problems. The South African low-income mother faces additional challenges in having to contend with a host of poverty-related stressors. The mother's at-risk status extends to her infant, who depends on her for the fulfilment of its needs. Current mental health policy does not consider the special needs of mother-infant dyads, despite its orientation to prevention. The current paper seeks to explore the potential of group therapy with low-income mother-infant dyads. It outlines the possible theoretical underpinnings for psychotherapeutic group work with low-income mothers and infants, by making use of attachment theory, feminist theory and community psychology. It reviews the theories' individual contributions and explores their compatibility in considering group therapy with low-income mother-infant dyads. Further, it reviews empirical studies and interventions with mother-infant dyads, with a particular emphasis on group therapy interventions. It argues that group therapy may be a viable and effective approach to psychological work with low-income mother-infant dyads.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oorgang tot moederskap verteenwoordig 'n kritiese periode in 'n vrou se lewe. Dit bied die moeder die kans vir persoonlike ontwikkeling, terwyl dit haar gelykertyd kwesbaar maak vir sielkundige probleme. Die Suid-Afrikaanse lae-inkomste moeder moet boonop bykomstige uitdagings, in die vorm van 'n menigdom armoed-verwante stressors, die hoof bied. Die moeder se kwesbare status sluit ook haar baba in, wat op haar aangewese is vir die vervulling van sy/haar behoeftes. Huidige geestesgesondheids-beleid neem, ten spyte van 'n voorkomende oriëntasie, nie die spesiale behoeftes van moeder-kind pare in ag nie. Hierdie werksopdrag beoog om die potensiaal van groepsterapie met lae-inkomste moederkind pare te ondersoek. Dit beskryf kortliks die moontlike teoretiese begrondings van psigoterapeutiese groepswerk met lae-inkomste moeder-kind pare deur gebruik te maak van bindings-teorie, feministiese teorie sowel as gemeenskaps sielkunde. Dit hersien die teorieë se onderskeidelike bydraes en ondersoek hulle aanpasbaarheid met betrekking tot die ondersoek van groepsterapie met lae-inkomste moeder-kind pare. Hierdie werksopdrag hersien dan ook verder empiriese studies en intervensies gemik op moeder-kind pare, met 'n spesifieke fokus op groepsterapie intervensies. Daar word geargumenteer dat groepsterapie 'n geskikte en effektiewe benadering tot sielkundige werk met lae-inkomste moeder-kind pare is.
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Dahl, Rebecca Wade 1957. "Maternal depression and its relationship to maternal role-taking, infant-related stressors, and spousal support." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558110.
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Dover, Arlene Caplan. "The influence of dependency and self-criticism on postpartum adjustment." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39792.
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This study examined the influence of two personality variables, Dependency and Self-Criticism, on mothers' postpartum adjustment. These dimensions were also examined in relation to social support and infant characteristics. During pregnancy, 204 primiparous women completed measures of Dependency and Self-Criticism, depressive symptomatology and mood, and social support. A subsample of 72 women, identified as Dependent, Self-Critical, Mixed, or Control, were assessed at 6 weeks and 3 months postpartum on measures of depressive symptoms, mood, and maternal characteristics. Infant measures were obtained at 6 weeks and 3 months. Multiple regression analyses revealed that Self-Criticism was a stronger predictor of depressive symptomatology and mood than Dependency and predicted a wider range of problems in maternal role functioning. Social support and infant characteristics made significant contributions to postpartum adjustment, and maternal depressive symptoms predicted less optimal infant socioemotional development. Results suggest the need to modify current conceptualizations of Dependency and Self-Criticism. Implications for identification and treatment of women vulnerable to adjustment problems during the transition to motherhood were discussed.
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Burian, Charlene A. "Teaching new mothers about infant feeding cues increases breastfeeding duration." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1348345.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if teaching low income prenatal women about infant feeding cues instead or in addition to the standard WIC education about the benefits of breastfeeding would serve to increase breastfeeding duration. One hundred ninety seven prenatal women who qualified for the federal Women Infants and Children Special Supplemental Feeding Program were divided into an experimental (E, n=51) or a control (C, n=139) group. The C group was given the WIC standard education of the benefits of breastfeeding by a nutritionist or nurse (CPA), the E group was given information about hunger cues that an infant exhibits by a lactation consultant during their WIC nutrition appointments. Data were analyzed by means of survival analyses, Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression. Data for 52 weeks indicate no statistically significant difference between the groups (chi square= 1.548, df=l, p=0.213). However data for 26 weeks indicated a stronger probability of continuing breastfeeding. Breastfeeding duration for C and E groups was 14.3±17.4 weeks and 18.5±17.1 weeks respectively (chi square=2.907,df=l,p=0.088), representing a 28% better duration. Findings suggest that prenatal women need information about infant behavior to help determine if they are adequately feeding their babies in order to maintain breastfeeding for longer duration.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Ogg, Siri A. "Exploring the infant-feeding decisions of adolescent mothers." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.
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Bassett, Ashley Mariah Sproul. "Factors Contributing to Premature Maternal Rejection and Its Effects on Offspring." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2567.
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Typically, rhesus mothers begin rejecting their infants' attempts to nurse when the infants are approximately three months of age in order to begin the process of weaning. A small subgroup of mothers begin rejecting their infants earlier, at one or two months of age, typically before infants seek and maintain independence from their mother. The effects of this early maternal rejection on the development of infants and some potential factors that contribute to premature maternal rejection were explored in this study. Infants who were rejected early were hypothesized to subsequently spend less time in positive contact with their mother, have lower activity levels, were groomed less by their mother and, as a consequence of the maternal rejections, display a higher frequency of aggression toward other group members when compared to infants experiencing maternal rejection after the age-typical, three months of age. Mothers who were primiparous and/or had a poor early-rearing experience were hypothesized to be more likely to reject their infants prematurely. Consistent with these hypotheses, infants who were rejected early spent less time on their mother's ventrum and were groomed less by their mother, suggesting that early maternal rejection may lead to less positive mother-infant interactions and a more distant mother-infant relationship. Infants rejected early were also more likely engage in aggression. Given the punitive nature of the maternal rejection, the results suggest that aggression is transmitted from mother to infant through their interactions. Prematurely rejected infants were found to spend significantly more time in a passive, withdrawn behavioral state. When assessing the causes of premature rejections, primiparous mothers were not more likely to prematurely reject their infants, indicating that premature rejection was not simply a lack of experience with an infant. There was evidence that the mothers engaging in early rejection had poor early-rearing experiences, with surrogate-peer-reared mothers showing more early rejections than those who were reared by an adult female, and with mothers who were peer-reared having higher rates of rejection overall. The present results suggest that early rejection is associated with more difficult mother-infant relationships and may lead to increased likelihood of aggression in infants.
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Triulzi, Mary Beth. "Do the Pikler and RIE methods promote infant-parent attachment?" View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/7235.
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Kovács-Mazza, Jolán. "The effects of vocal music on young infants : mother tongue versus foreign language." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24088.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether young infants would differentiate sedative vocal music in their mother tongue versus sedative vocal music in a foreign language. It was hypothesized that if infants did discriminate between the two languages, they would demonstrate a preference for their mother tongue. The responses of ten one- to four-day-old full-term infants were recorded by measuring their sucking rate while presenting lullabies. The infants were randomly and evenly divided into two groups. The first group heard four presentations of the mother tongue version followed by four presentations of the foreign language version. The second group heard the foreign language version of a lullaby followed by the same lullaby sung in the infant's mother tongue. A 5-second interval of silence was spaced between lullabies. The lullaby chose was Twinkle Twinkle Little Star. It was performed by a classically trained soprano, in English, French, and Italian, and Russian. Russian was chosen as the foreign language and English, French, and Italian covered the mother tongues for all infants in the study.Results revealed that infants were not able to detect a difference between the mother tongue version of the lullaby as opposed to the foreign language version. However, the results of the present study may be attributed to an insufficient sample size and to the ineffectiveness of the methodology employed.
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Lucci, Tania Kiehl. "Desenvolvimento infantil a partir da perspectiva da psicologia do desenvolvimento evolucionista: um estudo de bebês filhos de mães com depressão pós-parto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-08012014-084353/.
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O vínculo afetivo mãe-bebê, que se cria desde as primeiras interações, afeta o desenvolvimento emocional da criança. A depressão pós-parto (DPP) é um transtorno de humor que pode prejudicar a qualidade destas interações. Sendo o primeiro ano de vida um período em que o bebê está especialmente suscetível aos estímulos externos e totalmente dependente de cuidados, o objetivo da pesquisa relatada na dissertação de mestrado foi verificar o impacto da DPP no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em uma amostra representativa de crianças moradoras de uma região urbana da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Este estudo faz parte de um Projeto Temático FAPESP que teve por objetivo investigar os fatores de risco relacionados à DPP e sua influência no desenvolvimento das crianças ao longo de três anos. A Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edinburgh (EDPE) foi aplicada aos quatro e oito meses e o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor dos bebês foi avaliado aos quatro (N=144), oito (N=127) e doze meses de vida (N=94), por itens baseados nos Testes Gesell e Amatruda, M-Chat, Denver e IRDI. Foram consideradas informações sobre a gestação, condições do parto e a avaliação neonatal obtidas nos prontuários do Hospital Universitário. A razão sexual no nascimento foi viesada no sentido de maior nascimento de meninas, o que é compatível com a Teoria de Trivers e Willard de viés da razão sexual por condições adversas. Aplicou-se uma análise de Regressão Logística aos dados de desenvolvimento, considerando-se no modelo a depressão pós-parto, o sexo, a idade e a frequência de creche. Os resultados mostraram que a depressão pós-parto materna foi um fator que prejudicou o desenvolvimento infantil nas avaliações realizadas aos oito e doze meses, mas não aos quatro meses. O sexo do bebê mostrou-se uma variável significativa. Aos oito meses os bebês do sexo masculino mostraram pior desempenho neuropsicomotor quando comparados aos bebês do sexo feminino. A literatura tem apontado nesta direção, evidenciando maior prejuízo dos meninos em função da depressão materna. Ao contrário do esperado, aos 12 meses as crianças que frequentavam creche mostraram pior desempenho quando comparadas às crianças que não frequentavam. A prevalência de DPP na amostra foi alta (26,7%) e os resultados sobre o desenvolvimento, preocupantes, apontando para a necessidade de políticas públicas de prevenção e intervenção precoce. Mesmo em condições adversas, podem surgir soluções criativas de grande impacto, a exemplo do método canguru. Além disso, os resultados desta investigação contribuem para o esforço multidisciplinar, relevante para o enfrentamento da questão da DPPThe mother-infant bond, created from the earliest dyadic interactions, affects the infant emotional development. The postpartum depression (PPD) is a depressive disorder that can impair the quality of these interactions. During the first year of life the infant is particularly susceptible to external stimuli and totally dependent on parental care. The goal of the research reported in the dissertation was to investigate the impact of PPD on psychomotor development in a sample of children living in an urban area of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This study is part of a FAPESP Thematic Project which aimed to investigate the risk factors related to Postpartum Depression (PPD) and its influence on children\'s development over the first three years of life. Mothers mental state was assessed by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at four and eight months after delivery and neurodevelopmental milestones were evaluated at four (N = 144), eight (N = 127) and twelve months (N = 94) through items based on Gesell and Amatruda, M-Chat, Denver and IRDI. Information was also collected about pregnancy, birth and neonatal evaluation from University Hospital reports. The sex ratio was biased at birth in favor of girls, consistent with Trivers and Willard Theory that harsh environmental conditions affects sex-ratio. Data were analyzed through logistic regression, considering the influence of postpartum depression, sex, age and day-care support. The results showed that child development was negatively affected by maternal postpartum depression at eight and twelve months, but not at four months. The baby\'s sex was also significant. At eight month male babies had worse psychomotor performance when compared to female, in accordance with literature showing that boys of PPD mothers are at greater risk of poor development. Unlike expected, at 12 months children attending day-care service showed poorer performance when compared to children who stayed at home. The high prevalence of PPD in this population (26,7%) and the results of the developmental evaluation are worrying, pointing to the need for mental health public policies and early intervention. Even in adverse conditions high impact solutions can be created, as Kangaroo care method. Furthermore, the results of this research can contribute to a multidisciplinary effort, relevant to address issues related to depression
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Hendricks, Whitney G. "Maternal regulation strategies and toddlers' frustration relations to child gender /." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/hendricksw/whitneyhendricks.pdf.
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Aytac, Berna. "The mother-child relationship and child behaviour : a comparison of Turkish and English families." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47857/.
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The overarching goal of this thesis was to compare the mother-child relationship and child behaviour across cultures. The three articles in this thesis were part of a multi-method investigation comparing England (an individualistic culture) and Turkey (a collectivistic culture). Accounts from two children and their mothers were obtained from 218 two-parent families in total. Mothers completed questionnaires, children were interviewed using the Berkeley Puppet Interview, and observations recorded during various play tasks. The study was unique as it recorded the perspectives of mothers and young children aged from 4 to 8 in each family across cultures. Results showed that English mothers used more positive methods of discipline with their older children, and reported less conflict with both of their children compared to Turkish mothers. In contrast, English children reported more anger and hostility from their mothers than did their Turkish peers (Paper 1). Cultural differences in maternal values partially explained these differences in positive discipline and anger and hostility (Paper 1). Using structural equation modelling, partial cross-cultural measurement invariance for parenting and child adjustment was revealed (Paper 2), and a stronger association between parenting and child adjustment was found for the English versus Turkish families (Paper 2). Finally, multi-level modelling yielded significant prediction of children's adjustment from both family-wide and child-specific aspects of parenting (Paper 3). The implications of the findings include appreciating different perspectives of parenting when conducting cross-cultural research (Paper 1); the culturally distinct meanings of both parent and child adjustment should be considered when interpreting their association (Paper 2); and that differential parenting within families can also have distinct cultural meaning (Paper 3). Future research would benefit from exploring within-and between-cultural differences in parent-child relationships further, across multiple countries, over time and in larger samples.
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Franklin, Christina Louise. "Emotional regulation in infants of postpartum depressed mothers." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/359.
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A large body of evidence has accumulated which indicates that infants of postpartum depressed mothers are at risk for negative sequelae including later psychopathology. However, methodological difficulties including discordant definitions of postpartum depression and the use of paradigms which used the mother-infant relationship to assess infant emotional expression and regulation have decreased the ability to reach a consensus regarding the nature and transmission of that risk. This study sought to address those methodological difficulties by employing an established paradigm designed to elicit emotionality in infants, the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB; Goldsmith & Rothbart, 1999).
Participants were 30 women who met DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 50 women who did not meet MDD criteria, and their 8-13 month old infants. The women were recruited from five counties within Iowa which contain both rural and urban centers. Consistent with state demographics the sample was predominantly Caucasian (76%). Mother-infant dyads were assessed approximately five months after the mother had completed a diagnostic interview. At that time six episodes from the Lab-TAB designed to elicit fear, anger, and positive affect were conducted.
Emotional reactivity was coded used the AFFEX (Goldsmith & Rothbart, 1988) and composite scores were generated for each emotion. Infants of depressed mothers exhibited less intense pleasure to stimuli designed to elicit that emotion. There was also a slight, non-significant, trend for infants of depressed mothers to display more intense fear and to remain fearful longer. There was not a difference between the groups in anger expression. Emotional regulation was examined using a set of procedures set-forth by Buss and Goldsmith (1998) to determine effective regulation. These procedures involve calculating the change in affect from the coding epoch in which a "putative regulatory behavior" is displayed to the epoch immediately after the behavior. Change scores which involved no change in affect or a decrease in negative affect were considered effective regulation. Playing with clothing or an object and interacting with the stimulus were effective at regulating both fear and anger. In addition, averting gaze (disengaging with the task) was effective in regulating anger. Follow-up analysis revealed that infants of depressed mothers used gaze aversion more frequently than infants of nondepressed mothers. In addition, they were less likely to engage in social referencing (looking toward the mother) during episodes designed to elicit fear.
The findings of this study are consistent with a growing body of evidence which documents the significance of considering low positive affect in examination of diagnosis and risk for depression and suggests that fear expression may be central to anxiety. Furthermore, results from the emotional regulation paradigms underscore the need for continued examination of the construct of "effective regulation." In addition, these results highlight disruptions in the mother-infant relationship which have implications for developing efficient regulatory mechanisms.
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Kildare, Cory A. "Infants' Perceptions of Mothers' Phone Use: Is Mothers' Phone Use Generating the Still Face Effect?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984229/.
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Using a modified still-face procedure the present study explores 3-6-month-old infants' behavioral and physiological responses to mothers' screen distractions during mother-infant interactions. In the modified phone still-face procedure the neutral face of the traditional still face procedure was replaced with mothers' texting on their mobile phones. Infants' cortisol stress responses to mothers' device use were assessed through the collection of 3 infant saliva samples. Infants' behavioral responses including facial expressions, vocalizations, gaze and self-comforting behaviors were also explored. All mother-infant interactions were videoed recorded and coded for analysis. Thirty-four mother-infant dyads participated, average ages for mothers was 29 years and 4.4 months for infants. As predicted, infants demonstrated the changes in affect associated with the still-face effect, with significant differences in positive and negative affect during the play phases and the phone still face phase. As a whole, infants did not respond with increased cortisol responses, however, when individual differences were explored 47% responded with increased stress during mothers' phone distractions. Mother's frequency and attitudes towards device use were also assessed but were unrelated to infant responses. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Fernandes, Michelle Caroline. "Does prenatal maternal depression predict foetal and infant development? : a study of mothers and infants in rural South India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:20052f9e-7598-49ac-833e-ae7d5f168b62.
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Introduction: Prenatal maternal depression is associated with an increased risk of psychopathology in childhood. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association is limited. Further, despite high rates of prenatal depression in the developing world, no research investigating this issue exists from these settings. Objectives: The primary objectives of this thesis are to study the association between prenatal maternal depression and the following early offspring outcomes in a non-smoking, non-alcohol consuming prenatal sample from rural, South India: Foetal stress responsivity, measured through foetal heart rate (FHR). Infant stress responsivity, measured through infant cortisol response to immunisation. Infant temperament. Methods: 194 pregnant women from Solur, India were assessed for depression. The first 67 mothers with elevated symptoms of prenatal depression and the first 66 controls underwent FHR monitoring to study foetal stress responsivity. 58 mother-infant dyads returned at 1.5-3 months post birth. Infant salivary cortisol was measured before and after immunisation. Information on infant temperament and maternal postnatal depression (PND) was also collected. Results: Twenty nine mothers (14.9%) met a diagnosis of major depression during pregnancy while 67 (34.5%) had elevated symptoms of prenatal depression. Whilst there were no linear association between prenatal depression and foetal responsivity, a curvilinear (U shaped) association existed with the foetuses of mothers with very high and very low levels of prenatal depression having elevated stress responses compared to those with moderate levels of prenatal depression. Prenatal depression predicted infant cortisol responsivity independent of PND (B=13.08, p=0.02).The relationship between infant cortisol responsivity and prenatal depression was also U shaped. There was no association between prenatal depression and infant temperament. Conclusions: This is the first study from the developing world investigating the relationship between prenatal depression and offspring outcomes. It provides evidence suggestive of the programming influence of prenatal depression on the developing offspring.
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Nefdt, Kirsten C. "Do South African mothers shake their babies? incidence and risk factors for infant abuse in Cape Town." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31702.
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Abusive head trauma from shaking is a recognised common cause of fatal head injury in young children globally, although there is little evidence of its occurrence in South Africa. This is perplexing given that the country has amongst the highest reported under-five child mortality and infanticide rates worldwide. To determine whether infants under one-year are violently shaken, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 385 mothers and other primary female caregivers (ages 18 to 60 years; mean age = 27 years) from three high-risk communities in Cape Town. Semi-structured interviews were used to examine: (1) the incidence of shaking, (2) the triggers for shaking, (3) the risk factors for shaking, thoughts of shaking, and knowledge of the dangers of shaking, and (4) the methods used to console crying infants. Results showed that 13.2% (n = 51) of all participants self-reported violent shaking, and 20% (n = 77) had thoughts of shaking their infants. Following a content analysis, three primary triggers for shaking were identified, these were: inconsolable infant crying, feeling angry or frustrated, and being stressed. Findings from a thematic analysis also showed that shaking occurred during a momentary loss of control, and participants seemed to have limited support at the time. The results from three hierarchical logistic regression analyses showed that (1) alcohol use, infant age, a lower knowledge of the dangers of shaking, inconsolable crying, and having thoughts of shaking, predicted shaking, (2) caregiver age, infant age, knowledge of the dangers of shaking, and caregiver responses to infant crying, predicted having thoughts of shaking, and (3) social support, caregiver history of childhood abuse, and having thoughts of shaking, predicted knowledge of the dangers of shaking. Finally, a content analysis revealed three protective factors for infant crying, these were: (1) having easy, contented children, (2) not feeling stressed in response to infant crying, and (3) leaving an infant alone to self-soothe. Taken together, the current findings have programmatic implications that may help prevent the violent shaking of young children in South Africa.
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Laroche, Joubert Mathilde. "Impact du trauma maternel sur le contre-transfert d’un groupe de thérapeutes : Tentative de compréhension du vécu du bébé." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD075/document.
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Notre recherche s’intéresse au vécu du bébé dans la dyade lorsque la mère a vécu un événement traumatique et que lui ne l’a pas vécu. Pour ce faire, nous explorons l’impact du trauma maternel sur le contre-transfert d’un groupe de thérapeutes. Cette recherche qualitative est réalisée à partir d’entretiens collectifs. Des entretiens de recherche filmés mère-bébé ont été diffusé à huit focus groupes d’en moyenne cinq thérapeutes. Nous avons adopté une double méthode d’analyse du matériel : une analyse phénoménologique interprétative (Smith,2009) et une analyse psychanalytique de la dynamique groupale. Les résultats de notre étude mettent en avant la présence de manifestations contre-transférentielles intenses, s’exprimant à travers des réactions corporelles, sensorielles, verbales et affectives. L’exposition aux éléments irreprésentables du trauma, crée, une tension au sein du groupe, entraînant un repli sur des systèmes interactifs connus, et perturbe le recours aux outils de pensée habituels. L’enveloppe groupale et la fonction contenante sont particulièrement mobilisées et impactées par le récit des événements traumatiques. A travers les éprouvés sensoriels et les mécanismes d’empathie métaphorisante (Lebovici, 1998), les thérapeutes ont mis en lumière un sentiment de détresse originelle chez les bébés et des vécus d’abandon chez les plus grands. La dimension groupale favorise, cependant, le déploiement de mécanismes de défenses spécifiques permettant une relance des processus de pensée et de transformation. Cette recherche met en lumière les potentialités créatives d’un dispositif composé d’une équipe interprétante, dans la prise en charge de ces dyades, imposant la reconnaissance et l’analyse des éléments contretransférentiels et intertransférentielsOur qualitative research is part of a larger one which objective is to shed light on the infant’s experience in the context of his/her relationship to his/her traumatized mother. The mother’s trauma must have had occurred without the infant’s presence. Our section explores the impact of mother’s trauma on the countertransference reactions within focus groups of therapists. Eight groups composed each of four to five participants are shown a videotaped research interview of a traumatized mother and her infant. The data collected is analyzed upon the principles of two methods : the interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, 2009) for the narrative discourse and the psychoanalytic analysis for the groups’ dynamics. Participants’expressed intense countertransference reactions : physical, sensory, cognitive and affective reactions. Exposure to the unrepresentable traumatic elements induces high tension in the group. The latter consequently withdraw into known interactional patterns as its thinking capacity seemed corroded by the toxicity of the traumatic elements.The “group envelope” and its holding function are eminently activated and impacted by the narrative of the traumatic events.Through the sensorial receptivity and the “metaphorizing empathy” (Lebovici, 1998) process,the participants’ reactions depict the original helplessness and the experience of abandonment experienced by new borns and infants. Moreover, the group dimension fosters the deployment of specific defensive mechanisms and restores the thinking and transforming processes. Our results reveal the pertinence and creativity of group settings in the treatment of mother-infant dyads stuck in the realm of trauma transmission. A group setting offers several interpretative capacities through the identification and analysis of countertransference and inter-transferencemechanisms
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Landman, Mireille. "Inside the black box of a successful parent-infant intervention in a South African informal settlement : mothers' and counsellors’ accounts of the process." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1165.
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Thesis (DPhil (Psychology))—University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Extensive research over the past 30 years has shown that reliable, sensitive, responsive and empathic care of the infant by the mother or mother-substitute in the early months facilitates the development of secure attachments in infants, and ultimately their healthy development towards competent adulthood and future relationships with others. This study analyses interviews with 17 mothers selected from an intervention proven successful by means of a randomized controlled trial. The intervention took place in Khayelitsha, a peri-urban settlement close to Cape Town, South Africa, and was delivered by previously untrained lay counsellors to at risk mothers and infants. Supervision and training of the counsellors was provided by the author. Mothers were purposively selected on the basis of being experienced by counsellors as easy, difficult to reach, young/immature mothers and HIV-positive mothers, and were interviewed by a clinically trained interviewer not involved in the project individually and in groups. Counsellors’ process notes, exploring the impact, relevance and meaning that the intervention had for the recipient mothers, as well as the supervisor’s notes were also used as data. The findings identify what changes mothers reported, their experiences of the intervention, cultural issues in the intervention, and mothers’ suggestions for modifications to the programme. The results are discussed in light of theories of change emerging from the literature on psychotherapy change research and research on community-based interventions. The study shows that though results of randomized controlled trials are necessary for policy planning, in-depth interrogation of the design and process issues at stake in complex community-based studies yield complementary data which are also important to consider. Finally, the study considers the implications of this understanding of process for the future dissemination of the training and application of this programme, as well as policy, research and funding challenges.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wydstrekkende, uitgebreide navorsing van die afgelope 30 jaar toon dat betroubare, sensitiewe, aandagtige en empatiese sorg vir die peuter deur die moeder of moeder-plaasvervanger, die vorming van veilige bindings, sowel as die uiteindelike gesonde ontwikkeling van bevoegde volwassenheid en toekomstige verhoudings met andere fasiliteer. Hierdie studie analiseer onderhoude met 17 moeders, gekies uit 'n intervensie wat bewys is deur middel van 'n ewekansige kontrole toetsing. Die intervensie het plaasgevind in Khayelitsha, 'n peri-stedelike nedersetting naby Kaapstad, Suid-Afrika, en is uitgevoer deur voorheen onopgeleide vrywilliger beraders wat moeders en peuters wat blootgestel is aan risiko bedien. Supervisie en opleiding van die beraders is deur die outeur voorsien. Moeders is vooraf uitgekies deur die beraders, volgens die criteria: maklik en moeilik bereikbaar, jong/onvolwasse moeders, en HIV positiewe status. 'n Klinies opgeleide onderhoudvoerder wat onbetrokke is by die res van die projek het met die moeders individueel en in groepskonteks onderhoude gevoer. Beraders se prosesnotas wat die impak, relevansie en betekenis van wat die invervensie vir die moeders ingehou het, sowel as die supervisor se notas is ook gebruik as data. Die bevindings is bespreek in die lig van veranderingsteorieë wat uit die literatuur oor psigoterapie veranderingsnavorsing, sowel as navorsing oor gemeenskapsgebaseerde intervensies vorendag gekom het. Die studie toon dat hoewel bevindings van ewekansige kontrole toetsing nodig is vir beleidsbeplanning, in-diepte ondersoek van die proses en ontwerp kwessies ter sake in komplekse gemeenskapsgebaseerde studies komplimentêre data lewer wat ook belangrik is om in ag te neem. Ten laaste oorweeg die studie die implikasies van hierdie ondersoek van proses vir toekomstige disseminasie van die opleiding en toepassing van hierdie program, sowel as beleid, navorsing en befondsings uitdagings.
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Gama, Ana Sanches da. "A qualidade da vinculação nas crianças institucionalizadas: A terra do nunca e os meninos perdidos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/543.
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