Journal articles on the topic 'Motets'
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1
Bokulich, Clare. "REMAKING A MOTET: HOW AND WHEN JOSQUIN’S AVE MARIA … VIRGO SERENA BECAME THE AVE MARIA." Early Music History 39 (September 4, 2020): 1–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127920000017.
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How and when did Josquin’s Ave Maria … virgo serena become one of the most famous Renaissance motets? It is widely held that the motet’s modern standing is directly rooted in its Renaissance reception. And yet beyond its relatively robust circulation and placement at the beginning of Petrucci’s first printed book of motets, little evidence remains as to how Josquin’s now-famous motet was perceived during and shortly after the composer’s life. In responding to this paucity of information, Part I of this article traces a reception history for Ave Maria that considers how the motet was reworked in parody masses and motets, analysing the specific ways in which later composers both engaged with and departed from Josquin’s techniques. Part II turns to the work’s modern reception, mining the scholarly literature, survey texts and recordings for clues as to how the motet’s significance has shifted throughout the twentieth century. The article concludes by proposing that this site-specific approach may be useful in comprehending the extensive stylistic changes that occurred between c. 1480 and the mid-sixteenth century.
2
Smith, Norman E. "The Earliest Motets: Music and Words." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 114, no. 2 (1989): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/114.2.141.
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The birth of a genre surely is one of the most fascinating occurrences in the history of music, and no genre of medieval music had a more interesting birth than the motet. Study of the motet in modern times found special impetus and direction in 1898 when Wilhelm Meyer announced his discovery of the origin of the motet in the discant clausulae of the Notre Dame organa. Demonstrating the musical identity of certain Latin motets and discant clausulae, he concluded that the motet arose through the addition of Latin texts to the melismatic upper voices of the two-voice clausulae and was thereby able to explain for the first time the previously baffling and unprecedented verse structures of many motet texts. In doing so, he at the same time made it clear that he understood the French motet to be of later origin than the Latin and brushed aside special questions concerning the French type, such as, for example, its most provocative feature: its characteristic use of refrains. How was one to understand the presence of refrains in a French motet supposedly derived from a sacred, liturgical model? This and other difficult questions refused to disappear, and they continued to be raised from time to time, but Meyer's explanation of the origin of the motet gained general acceptance, most decisively and influentially from Friedrich Ludwig. All of Ludwig's writings on the motet bespeak his endorsement of Meyer's position, but nowhere more explicitly than in the Repertorium:These compositions [discant clausulae] were still more important by virtue of the fact that they served in rather large numbers as musical sources of motets, at first for Latin motets and later, although in more limited numbers, also for French motets - a fact, first recognized for the Latin motets by Wilhelm Meyer in 1898 (Der Ursprung des Motetts), claiming central importance for the history of music about 1200.
3
Clark, Alice V. "Listening to Machaut's Motets." Journal of Musicology 21, no. 4 (2004): 487–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2004.21.4.487.
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In a significant number of his motets, Guillaume de Machaut uses melodic repetition to provide audible cues to their talea structure. He further breaks or alters that repetition in order to call attention to final talea statements, thereby providing a sounding clue to the motet's end. The use of this technique in a genre well known for its intellectual complexities seems to show a special concern for the unprepared listener, a concern that is less clearly manifested in the work of other motet composers in 14th-century France. This has implications both for how we see Machaut in relation to his contemporaries and for how we may approach his motets today.
4
Melamed, Daniel R. "The Authorship of the Motet "Ich lasse dich nicht" (BWV Anh. 159)." Journal of the American Musicological Society 41, no. 3 (1988): 491–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831462.
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The eight-voice motet Ich lasse dich nicht (BWV Anh. 159) has been attributed both to J. S. Bach and to his father's cousin Johann Christoph Bach (1642-1703). A new look at the sources and transmission of the motet makes clear that the attribution to the older Bach was a nineteenth-century speculation that must be rejected. With the question of the motet's authorship reopened, the evidence shows that Ich lasse dich nicht is indeed by J. S. Bach. The oldest source, partly in Bach's hand, may be securely dated to the Weimar period, making the motet one of Bach's earliest extant vocal works. This dating challenges the widely-held assumption that Bach wrote all his motets in Leipzig, and forces a reevaluation of the dating of his other motets.
5
Clark, Alice V. "New tenor sources for fourteenth-century motets." Plainsong and Medieval Music 8, no. 2 (October 1999): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137100001662.
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The study of the medieval motet in France has recently been rejuvenated, in part by returning to the motet's point of origin – its tenor. Some scholars have focused on the tenor's pitch content, showing how it shapes the motet's harmonies, and how it is in turn shaped by local chant variants; others, by considering the tenor's text and the origin of that text in the liturgy and frequently in the Bible, have shown the motet to be perhaps the quintessential musical manifestation of medieval intertextuality. By bringing together sacred and secular, Latin and vernacular, the motet, better than any other musical genre, exemplifies both the Boethian ideal of music as something much larger than sound and the interconnectedness of all things in the medieval mind. The discovery of hitherto unknown chant sources for motet tenors is therefore an opportunity to reinterpret the texts of the motets they underpin.
6
BROWN, THOMAS. "Another Mirror of Lovers? - Order, structure and allusion in Machaut's motets." Plainsong and Medieval Music 10, no. 2 (October 2001): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137101000092.
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Machaut's first twenty motets appear, identically ordered, in a group of manuscripts copied under the composer's supervision. This order highlights connections between individual motets. Proportional relationships between six motets, and an allusion to the mid-point of Le Roman de la rose in the tenth motet, suggest that Machaut intended the motet group to be self-contained and sub-divided into two groups of ten.
7
Piéjus, Anne. "THE ROMAN MOTET (1550–1600): A COLLECTIVE ISSUE? NEW ATTRIBUTIONS AND REFLECTIONS ON AUTHORSHIP IN THE LIGHT OF A NEW DOCUMENT." Early Music History 40 (October 2021): 253–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127921000036.
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In 1984 Noel O’Regan demonstrated that Roman manuscripts containing Lasso’s motets were reworkings of motets found in published editions. This article reopens an investigation of the Roman manuscript motet books in the light of an autograph booklet by the Oratorian priest and censor of music Giovanni Giovenale Ancina (1599). This document contains two lists of motets, comprising a wide selection that reflects a search for variety in the number of voices (with a preponderance of eight-voice motets), age and style of the motet. It shows a large number of concordances with several manuscript anthologies related to the Oratorian circles. Ancina’s bookletallows us to propose new attributions for motets by Zoilo and Prospero Santini, better known as a chapel master. Finally, a comparison with existing sets of music books qualifies the multiple authorship of the motet in the Roman erudite milieu of that time.
8
Lewis, Ann. "Anti-semitism in an early fifteenth-century motet: Tu, nephanda." Plainsong and Medieval Music 3, no. 1 (April 1994): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137100000620.
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There is much interest at present in the way medieval motets generate meaning, both with their texts and their music. In two articles from a recent issue of Early Music History, for example, a remarkable density of meaning and symbolism, both textual and musical, has been proposed for Machaut's motet 15. Studies of this kind are intended to demonstrate what can be achieved by placing the poems of motets in a literary context and by considering the structure of words and music. Such research also no doubt serves to reinforce the idea that many motets of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries demand a wealth of erudite knowledge to be understood and is thus congenial to the current belief that many motets were intended for an intellectual elite. Whilst there can be no doubt that medieval motets often cultivate a literary style of considerable – indeed intense – obscurity, what I wish to suggest here is that one, very ambitious, motet can be interpreted using some of the most basic tools of the medieval cleric.
9
BRADLEY, CATHERINE A. "Ordering in the motet fascicles of the Florence manuscript." Plainsong and Medieval Music 22, no. 1 (April 2013): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137112000186.
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ABSTRACTFlorence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut.29.1 (F) is considered the earliest extant manuscript to preserve a collection of motets, with two fascicles devoted to this new genre. Scholars have long emphasised the strict liturgical sequence of the first motet fascicle, in contrast to the seeming lack of order in the second. This article engages with questions of liturgical arrangement in F, exploring the possibility of a liturgical function for motets in this source. It undertakes a re-examination of the ordering of motets in F, proposing two new organisational principles applicable across both fascicles: first, that the arrangement of motets may have been influenced by an awareness of related clausulae and discant materials extant elsewhere in F; and second, that ordering of the collection reflects the relative dissemination or ‘popularity’ of motets and their related materials.
10
CLARK, ALICE V. "Machaut's motets on secular songs." Plainsong and Medieval Music 29, no. 1 (April 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137120000042.
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ABSTRACTIn his three motets with tenors taken from secular songs, Guillaume de Machaut experiments with upper voice structures that borrow from the talea principle used in chant-based motets, creating hybrid forms that reflect aspects of the motet's overall subject. In two cases, Machaut sets up upper-voice taleae that do not coincide with their song-based tenor but interact with it in interesting ways. Trop plus est bele / Biauté paree de valour / Je ne sui mie certeins (M20) balances these formal principles to reflect a perfect love balanced between the dedicatory and the sacralised, while Lasse! comment oublieray / Se j'aim mon loyal ami / Pour quoy me bat mes maris? (M16) creates three opposing forms that reflect a Lady looking in two different directions, towards a beloved and a husband who abuses her. Dame je sui cilz qui weil endurer / Fins cuers doulz, on me deffent / T. Fins cuers doulz (M11) does not define regular upper-voice taleae, but rather uses the tools by which taleae are defined in the upper voices – long rests, hocket sections, and melodic repetition – to merge disparate formal principles in the service of a motet that discusses a woman who merges a soft appearance with a hard reality. Here Machaut also uses hexachordal punning, combining sharps and flats to express the Lady's contradictory qualities.
11
Bradley, Catherine A. "CONTRAFACTA AND TRANSCRIBED MOTETS: VERNACULAR INFLUENCES ON LATIN MOTETS AND CLAUSULAE IN THE FLORENCE MANUSCRIPT." Early Music History 32 (2013): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127913000016.
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Dated to the 1240s, the Florence manuscript (F: Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut. 29.1) is the earliest surviving source to contain a collection of motets. The exclusively Latin-texted motets in F are widely regarded as the oldest layer(s) of pieces in this new genre. This study closely analyses three motets in F, demonstrating that they are Latin contrafacta reworkings of vernacular motets extant only in chronologically later sources. It traces the influences of secular, vernacular refrains in two supposedly liturgical clausulae in F, proposing that these clausulae are textless transcriptions of French motets, and engages with wider questions concerning scribal practices, the relationship between sine littera and cum littera notations and issues of consonance and dissonance. Reasons as to why clausulae might have been transcribed in F and the possible extent of vernacular influences in this manuscript are explored. These findings challenge established chronological narratives of motet development. The three case studies offer methodological models, demonstrating ways in which relationships between clausulae and Latin and French motets can be tested and their relative chronologies established.
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Zayaruznaya, Anna. "‘SHE HAS A WHEEL THAT TURNS …’: CROSSED AND CONTRADICTORY VOICES IN MACHAUT'S MOTETS." Early Music History 28 (August 24, 2009): 185–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127909000370.
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The tiered structure of Machaut's motets is often taken for granted: the tenor is the lowest voice, the motetus is in the middle, and the triplum is highest. While this is mostly true of Machaut's work and of Ars nova motets more generally, there are a number of significant exceptions – passages in which the upper voices switch roles and the motetus sings at the top of the texture. The most striking of these are consistently linked with the goddess Fortuna. In Motets 12, 14 and 15, moments of voice-crossing serve to illustrate the actions of the goddess, who traditionally raises the low and lowers the high. While they are certainly symbolic, these instances of voice-crossing are also audible: since the voices retain their distinct rhythmic and textual profiles even while their relative ranges are reversed, voice-crossings allow the listener to hear a musical world turned on its head.
13
Bradley, Catherine A. "Re-workings and Chronological Dynamics in a Thirteenth-Century Latin Motet Family." Journal of Musicology 32, no. 2 (2015): 153–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2015.32.2.153.
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This article examines a family of thirteenth-century discant and motets on the tenor LATUS, tracing complex relationships between the various incarnations of its shared musical material: passages of melismatic discant in two- and three-voices, a three-voice Latin conductus motet, a two-voice Latin and French motet, and a three-voice Latin double motet. I query conventional fundamentally linear models of discant-motet interaction, emphasizing the possibility of simultaneously filial and collateral interrelationships between versions: different motet texts can influence each other, while retaining independent connections with an earlier melismatic discant model. This leads to a reevaluation of traditional evolutionary and stylistic perceptions of sub-genres defined within the category of motet. The article addresses questions of compositional process, reflecting on the types of creative and scribal activities involved in the formulation of motets.
14
SHAFFER, MELANIE. "Finding Fortune in Motet 13: insights on ordering and borrowing in Machaut's motets." Plainsong and Medieval Music 26, no. 2 (October 2017): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137117000055.
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ABSTRACTOn first glance, Machaut's Tans doucement/Eins que ma dame/Ruina (M13) is a typical motet with few musical or textual anomalies. Perhaps this is why, with the exception of a brief article by Alice V. Clark, little extensive, individual study of M13 has been conducted. This article examines the musico-poetic cues for Fortune found in M13’s many forms of reversal, duality and upset order. The discovery of a new acrostic which references the Roman de Fauvel, whose interpolated motet Super cathedram/Presidentes in thronis/Ruina (F4) is the source of M13’s tenor, further supports a Fortune-based reading of this motet. M13 may therefore be included among the Fortune-prominent motets proposed by Anna Zayaruznaya and Jacques Boogaart (M12, M14 and M15). Understanding that Machaut intentionally ordered his motets, M13 fills a sequential gap, suggesting that M12–15 may serve as a meaningfully ordered group of Fortune-based motets. The acrostic's Fauvel reference also provides additional connections between M13 and F4, offering insight into ways Machaut may have responded to and cleverly cited his sources.
15
Everist, Mark. "Review." Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 20 (1987): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14723808.1987.10540921.
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The origins of The Earliest Motets (to c.1270): A Complete Comparative Edition lie in Hans Tischler's 1942 Yale doctoral dissertation, in which all the motets in D-W677, 1-Fl Plut.29.1 and D-W1099 were systematically transcribed. Tischler's dissertation has contained the only available transcriptions of the unica in these sources for nearly forty years, though works with concordances have been accessible in publications by Aubry, Rokseth, Anglès and Anderson. The Earliest Motets (henceforth EM) takes his dissertation as its core, and adds the motets of E-Mn 20486, F-Pn lat. 15139, F-Pn n.a.f. 13521, D-Mbs Mus.Ms. 4775, the chansonniers, and odd motet voices and texts found in various narrative works and poetry anthologies. Such a publication is therefore a major landmark of twentieth-century musicology.
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Bradley, Catherine A. "Choosing a Thirteenth-Century Motet Tenor: From the Magnus liber organi to Adam de la Halle." Journal of the American Musicological Society 72, no. 2 (2019): 431–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2019.72.2.431.
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This article explores trends and motivations in the selection of plainchant and vernacular song quotations as the foundations of thirteenth-century motets. I argue that particular tenor melodies that received only cursory treatment in the liturgical polyphony of the Magnus liber organi were adopted in motets on account of their brevity and simplicity, characteristics that enabled their combination with upper-voice song forms and refrain quotations. Demonstrating a preference for short and simple tenors within the earliest layers of the motet repertoire, I trace the polyphonic heritage of the tenor omnes, whose simple melody enabled its combination with another more obscure plainchant quotation, aptatur, in a unique double tenor motet. I propose that motet creators—while sensitive to the semantic connotations of tenor texts—exploited the musical ability of tenor quotations to be combined with or stand in for other musical quotations. Newly identifying a plainchant tenor source in a motet by Adam de la Halle, I show that Adam's polyphonic motet quotations of his own three-voice polyphonic rondeaux were achieved by the careful selection of motet tenors to replicate the freely conceived lowest voices of these preexisting rondeaux. The article further reveals profound modal and melodic similarities between the quotations chosen as thirteenth-century motet tenors and the newly composed lowest voices of polyphonic rondeaux and English pes motets. It offers new perspectives on the relationship between the “elite” genre of the motet and types of polyphony that are less well attested in written sources, often considered to inhabit a more “popular” realm of musical practice.
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LEACH, ELIZABETH EVA. "Adapting the motet(s)? The case of Hé bergier in Oxford MS Douce 308." Plainsong and Medieval Music 28, no. 02 (October 2019): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137119000032.
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AbstractThe present article seeks to further recent discussion of the diversity of the motet in the long thirteenth century by considering a specific, rather unusual example of motet-related materials in a songbook. It examines a two-stanza pastourelle in the songbook that forms part of Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Douce 308, and its connection to a network of related materials in various thirteenth-century motet sources. In so doing, it proposes the ostensibly unlikely scenario that this monophonic song derives from two separate motets that may already have been linked through their shared tenor and possibly also performed together in some way. This article brings the important conclusions of Fred Büttner in regard to these materials to Anglophone scholarship, while nuancing his reasoning in light of more recent scholarly work on thirteenth-century motets copied in songbooks.
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Pesce, Dolores. "A Revised View of the Thirteenth-Century Latin Double Motet." Journal of the American Musicological Society 40, no. 3 (1987): 405–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831675.
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This paper argues that features of the Continental Latin double motet of the latter half of the thirteenth century which were previously considered "peripheral" are also found in motets linked to the Notre-Dame tradition. Furthermore, the Latin repertory as a whole reveals stylistic diversity, including the use of textures characteristic of French double motets from early through mid-century. This revised view of the repertory as stylistically multi-faceted is supported by a study of manuscript transmission, particularly in the Bamberg and Darmstadt codices.
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Crook, David. "The Exegetical Motet." Journal of the American Musicological Society 68, no. 2 (2015): 255–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2015.68.2.255.
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What made a motet appropriate for performance on a particular occasion in the sixteenth century? Previous studies have demonstrated that motets performed on a given day generally drew their texts from the liturgy of that day. Yet many of the eighty-five motets assigned to the Sundays and major feasts of the year in Johannes Rühling's Tabulaturbuch (1583) do not. What mattered to this Lutheran organist was not a motet text's previous liturgical association but its ability to gloss—sometimes in surprising ways—the Gospel or Epistle lesson of the day. His approach has strong parallels in a tradition of Lutheran preaching grounded in exegesis of the assigned lessons. The same exegetical approach figures, moreover, in Catholic use of the motet, exemplified both in musical sources, such as Andreas Pevernage's Cantiones sacrae (1578 and 1602), and in performances recorded in the diaries of the Sistine Chapel.
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Anderson, Michael Alan. "FIRE, FOLIAGE AND FURY: VESTIGES OF MIDSUMMER RITUAL IN MOTETS FOR JOHN THE BAPTIST." Early Music History 30 (September 8, 2011): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127911000027.
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The thirteenth-century motet repertory has been understood on a wide spectrum, with recent scholarship amplifying the relationship between the liturgical tenors and the commentary in the upper voices. This study examines a family of motets based on the tenors IOHANNE and MULIERUM from the feast of the Nativity of John the Baptist (24 June). Several texts within this motet family make references to well-known traditions associated with the pagan festival of Midsummer, the celebration of the summer solstice. Allusions to popular solstitial practices including the lighting of bonfires and the public criticism of authority, in addition to the cultural awareness of the sun's power on this day, conspicuously surface in these motets, particularly when viewed through the lens of the tenor. The study suggests the further obfuscation of sacred and secular poles in the motet through attentiveness to images of popular, pre-Christian rituals that survive in these polyphonic works.
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Bazinet, Geneviève. "SINGING THE KING’S MUSIC: ATTAINGNANT’S MOTET SERIES, ROYAL HEGEMONY AND THE FUNCTION OF THE MOTET IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE." Early Music History 37 (October 2018): 45–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127918000037.
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This article examines Pierre Attaingnant’s motet series (1535–9), with special attention to the rubrics assigned to the titles of books and to individual motets. The role of the rubric as an organisational tool and its relation to contemporary liturgical and devotional practices is explored, revealing a strikingly cohesive series and connections to liturgical books and books of hours. A consideration of the use of the motet texts in other types of books and the uses suggested by Attaingnant’s rubrics reveals that the printer was promoting the use of Paris in his series. This study also revisits the issue of the function of the motet in sixteenth-century France. Finally, in the light of several connections between this series and the French royal court, the role of motets in the devotional life of Francis I and the possibility that this series served as an extension of the king’s political influence are examined.
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EVERIST, MARK. "Motets, French Tenors, and the Polyphonic Chanson ca. 1300." Journal of Musicology 24, no. 3 (2007): 365–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2007.24.3.365.
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Despite frequent attempts to explain the emergence of a coherent type of polyphonic song in the early 14th century, our understanding is dominated by views drawn from lyric poetry, romance, criticism of musical and literary register, traditions of performance, and other abstract conceptualizations of this remarkable moment in the history of music. But there exists an extensive body of musical evidence that points to an energetic and sophisticated experimentation with musical and poetic elements that anticipated the style of polyphonic song cultivated by Machaut and his contemporaries. One such experimental repertory consists of the 22 motets based on vernacular tenors copied into the seventh and eighth fascicles of the Montpellier Codex (F-MOf H 196) and in the Turin motet book (I-Tr vari 42) ca.1300. The vernacular tenors that underpin these motets exhibit the types of repeating structures familiar from secular monody around 1300: six- and eight-line rondeaux and various other types of structure as described by Ludwig, Gennrich, and Walker. What has been less systematically explored is the degree to which the upper voices of the motets reflect the repetitions that characterize their tenors. The composers of these motets were attempting——within the stylistic restraints that the genre imposed on them——to create polyphonic works whose entire texture followed the structure of the tenor: in other words, to construct a musical entity that had much in common with the polyphonic song of the next generation, but that still retained the overlapping phrase patterns and poetic line length of the motet as had been traditional for nearly a century.
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Planchart, Alejandro Enrique. "Notes on Heinrich Isaac's Virgo prudentissima." Journal of Musicology 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 81–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2011.28.1.81.
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Isaac's Virgo prudentissima, composed in 1507 for the Reichstag in Constance that confirmed Maximilian I as Holy Roman Emperor, is one of the composer's most complex and extended works. It is also a self-consciously constructivist piece that looks back to the repertoire of tenor motets pioneered by Guillaume Du Fay, Jehan de Ockeghem, and most prominently by Iohannes Regis. Yet its construction is markedly different from similar motets by his contemporary Josquin Des Prez, who used a nearly schematic construction in Miserere mei Deus, and ostinato techniques in Illibata Dei genitrix. This article takes a close look at Virgo prudentissima in order to show how Isaac achieves both a great deal of variety in textures and sonorities and a remarkable degree of motivic and thematic unity in the piece. The unity in Isaac's motet is largely due to an interplay of two basic textures and two kinds of motivic construction that are exposed in the first few sections of each pars and then fused in the concluding section, and to a judicious choice of which phrases of the cantus firmus—an antiphon for Vespers of the Assumption—he chooses to paraphrase in the free voices. The motet's mensural structure—one section with all voices in ◯, and one with the tenor continuing in ◯ but the other five voices switching to ◯2, with semibreve-minim equivalence with the tenor—has been ignored entirely in all modern performances of the work that have been recorded in the last thirty years, usually with disastrous consequences for the performance of the secunda pars of the work. Isaac's notation is implausible until one realizes that he is using it for symbolic purposes and at the same time pointing to a correct tempo relationship between the partes by his organization of the phrase structure and the imitation at the beginning of the secunda pars. Isaac thus places this motet in what can be called a mensural tradition, which has its beginnings in the motets of Du Fay in the 1430s and in the wholesale adoption of the “English” relationship between triple and duple meters in the second half of the fifteenth century.
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Brown, Howard Mayer. "The Mirror of Man's Salvation: Music in Devotional Life About 1500." Renaissance Quarterly 43, no. 4 (1990): 744–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862788.
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Composers working during the last quarter of the fifteenth century wrote many more motets than previous composers had done. At any rate, far more have come down to us. This apparent explosion of activity coincided with the founding, reorganization, or revitalization of a number of cathedral or princely chapel choirs. Moreover, the character of the motet as a musical genre also seems to have changed at about the same time. By far the largest number of motets composed before 1475 set texts celebrating the Virgin Mary, or else they were compositions written to celebrate particular political or social occasions.
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Теплова, А. С. "Three Faces of Medieval English Motet." Научный вестник Московской консерватории 14, no. 3(54) (October 20, 2023): 420–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26176/mosconsv.2023.54.3.02.
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Средневековый английский мотет принадлежит кпериферийным жанровым ответвлениям и до сих пор недостаточно изучен. Лишь с 1909 года стали находить плохо сохранившиеся рукописные источники и по их фрагментам восстанавливать мотеты. Только с 1957 года началась их публикация, открывшая оригинальные подходы к жанру. Помимо создававшихся под материковым влиянием изоритмических мотетов, востровном репертуаре обнаружились иные технические решения: мотеты с гласообменом имотеты на cantus medius (проблемы неаутентичной терминологии в статье обсуждаются параллельно с характеристикой названных феноменов). Фундаментальные жанровые основы у всех этих разновидностей общие: вокальное многоголосие, латинский текст (преимущественно духовного содержания), преобладающая политекстовость, опора на заимствованный первоисточник как норма, допускающая исключения. Однако различная техника композиции (изоритмия, гласообмен, cantus medius) меняет их облик значительно, вплоть до неузнаваемости. Установленные в статье критерии сравнения разъясняются в процессе анализа изоритмического мотета Дж. Алейна и двух анонимных мотетов: с гласообменом и на cantus medius. The medieval English motet belongs to the peripheral branches of the genre and is still insufficiently studied. Only since 1909, poorly preserved handwritten sources began to be discovered and motets were reconstructed from their fragments. It was only in 1957 that their publication began, revealing original approaches to the genre. In addition to the isorhythmic motets created under mainland influence, other technical solutions were discovered in the island repertoire: motets with voice exchange and motets on the cantus medius (the problems of inauthentic terminology are discussed in the article in parallel with the characteristics of these phenomena). The fundamentals of all these genre varieties are common: vocal polyphony, Latin text (mainly of spiritual content), predominant polytextuality, reliance on a borrowed primary source as a norm that allows exceptions. However, different composition techniques (isorhythm, voice exchange, cantus medius) significantly change their appearance to the point of being unrecognizable. The comparison criteria established in the article are explained during the analysis of the isorhythmic motet by J. Aleyn and two anonymous motets: with voice exchange and on cantus medius.
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Zazulia, Emily. "Out of Proportion." Journal of Musicology 36, no. 2 (2019): 131–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2019.36.2.131.
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Guillaume Du Fay’s Nuper rosarum flores (1436) has been subject to symbolic interpretation ever since Charles Warren suggested that the structure of the motet reflects the architectural proportions of the cathedral of Florence. More recent analyses have accepted the premise that the motet’s form has extramusical meaning, in particular, that mensural and architectural proportions can be directly analogized. These tantalizing connections have led scholars to canonize this motet, now a mainstay of music history textbooks. The extent and specificity of the extramusical associations Nuper rosarum flores enjoys—an occasion, a place, and a secure attribution—are rare in the fifteenth century. This fact alone makes the motet appear to be exceptional. But reading Nuper rosarum flores alongside the norms of genre and notation and against the grain of the work’s modern historiography suggests that it isn’t all that special—or at least that it is no more special than Du Fay’s other ceremonial motets. The interpretive history of Nuper rosarum flores exemplifies what I call “false exceptionalism,” which relates to a more general problem in music studies—the alluring but often elusive relationship between musical form and social meaning.
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Tkachenko, E. S. "German Motet in Johannes Brahms’ Works." Observatory of Culture, no. 3 (June 28, 2015): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-3-58-63.
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German Motet in Johannes Brahms’ Works (by Elizaveta Tkachenko) analyzes the seven motets of the eminent German romantic composer - Johannes Brahms. Works of this genre are considered from the standpoint of their belonging to the Protestant variety, which originated in Germany during the Reformation and was enriched during the next two centuries by exquisite examples of leading Lutheran composers. Just like his great predecessors, Brahms took tunes of Lutheran chorales as a musical foundation for his motets and quotations from the Bible in Martin Luther’s translation as their verbal foundation. Particular attention is paid to the definition of features of the composer’s method of work with canonical texts.
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Saucier, Catherine. "Johannes Brassart’s Summus secretarius." Journal of Musicology 34, no. 2 (2017): 149–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2017.34.02.149.
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The motet Summus secretarius remains an enigma in the polyphonic output of the south Netherlandish composer Johannes Brassart (ca. 1400/5–1455). While extant sources (I-Bc Q15 and GB-Ob 213) attest to Brassart’s authorship, the message and function of this motet have long perplexed musicologists seeking to identify the work’s elusive subject and understand its cryptic language. Who is the “highest secretary” hailed at the outset, and what is this figure’s relationship to the biblical and cosmological references in the ensuing lines? Summus secretarius reveals its secrets when examined within the context of the medieval cult of St. John the Evangelist. Taking cues from Brassart’s careful musical treatment of words quoted from the Gospel of John (1:1), we can decipher the motet’s language and symbolism using a diverse array of exegetical writings, images, and liturgical music that illuminate the unique status of John as Christ’s most intimate confidant, the seer and evangelist privy to his secrets. Brassart would have experienced the evangelist’s cult most vividly through his service as singer, chaplain, priest, and canon at the collegiate church of Saint-Jean l’Evangéliste in Liège—the most likely place for the motet’s composition and performance. Summus secretarius demonstrates to an exceptional degree the hermeneutic richness of enigmatic language in the unique texts of freely composed fifteenth-century motets.
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Saint-Cricq, Gaël. "A NEW LINK BETWEEN THE MOTET AND TROUVÈRE CHANSON: THE PEDES-CUM-CAUDA MOTET." Early Music History 32 (2013): 179–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127913000077.
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This article investigates a corpus of sixteen thirteenth-century motets whose formal structures are rigorously modelled on the AAB formal type of the trouvère chanson. This corpus bears witness that the first specimens of hybridization between polyphony and the high-style lyric chanson arose as early as the 1240s, well before the emergence of fourteenth-century polyphonic song. The analysis of the make-up of the AAB form of the motets first reveals that its elements completely match those of the pedes-cum-cauda formal type of trouvère chansons. The formal impact of song citations within the corpus is then explored, together with the different modalities according to which they are involved in the make-up of the AAB form. Finally, the analysis of the texture of the works brings to light the singularity of their fabric: remodelled by the structures of the trouvère chanson, it breaks with the traditional format of the motet and turns into the texture of a motet-chanson.
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Ryan, Mary Ellen. "“Our Enemies Are Gathered Together”." Journal of Musicology 36, no. 3 (2019): 295–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2019.36.3.295.
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The return of the Florentine republic (1527–30) ushered in a tense period of political upheaval. As the city faced an imperial siege and bouts of famine and plague, the government promoted a vibrant spiritual program to combat dangers to its independence. The motet flourished within this environment, but the connections between this repertory and civic life in early sixteenth-century Florence have yet to be fully explored. Since the mid-twentieth century, music historians have examined Florentine manuscript sources of the motet (the Newberry Partbooks and Vallicelliana Partbooks) and have articulated various arguments for the political significance of these collections and the individual pieces they contain. Viewed as a whole, however, the repertory does not typically express partisan support for the Medici or the republic. One underlying thread tying many of these motets together is their function within ritual celebrations, particularly in uniting the community in prayer for collective relief. Philippe Verdelot’s wartime Congregati sunt inimici nostri exemplifies the multiple performance uses of motets in Florentine ritual contexts. Its compositional design and content reveal how Florentines turned to the motet to demonstrate communal solidarity and to seek divine aid in times of crisis.
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Kidwell, Susan A. "Elaboration through exhortation: troping Motets for the Common of Martyrs." Plainsong and Medieval Music 5, no. 2 (October 1996): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137100001133.
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It is common knowledge that the repertory of thirteenth-century Latin motets exhibits a great variety of poetic themes. Many of the earliest motets comment upon the feast of their parent chant and are therefore classified as ‘troping’; others praise the Virgin Mary – sometimes regardless of their associated chant; still others avoid obvious connections with the liturgy and either criticize, admonish or exhort listeners to reform. The classification of motet texts according to content has increased our understanding of overall themes and of the chronological relationships between them, but it has also raised questions. Some questions arise from the fact that the general categories of troping, Marian and hortatory texts are not mutually exclusive. Should we distinguish a ‘general’ Marian motet, like Virgo mater salutis (386) / JOHANNE (M 29), which superimposes general epithets and intercessions to the Virgin above a chant in honour of John the Baptist, from a ‘troping’ Marian motet, such as Flos de spina rumpitur (437), built over the Assumption tenor, REGNAT (M 34), which makes specific references to its associated feast? Or does this added taxonomic layer only distract us from the task of interpreting these texts?
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Montale, Eugenio, and Jonathan Galassi. "Motets." Grand Street, no. 41 (1992): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25007524.
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Maurey, Yossi. "A COURTLY LOVER AND AN EARTHLY KNIGHT TURNED SOLDIERS OF CHRIST IN MACHAUT'S MOTET 5." Early Music History 24 (July 14, 2005): 169–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127905000082.
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The tenor occupies a special role in vernacular motets of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries: not only does it underpin the melodies of the upper voices contrapuntally, it also provides intellectual and interpretative undergirding for the texts of these pieces. The biblical or liturgical context of a tenor, drawing on well-understood exegetical and literary traditions, often facilitates an allegorical reading of the upper voices, and vice versa. Because of the foundational nature of the tenor within the Ars nova motet in particular, the identification of the exact musico-liturgical sources of this voice, where possible, is of special significance. While the origins of most of Machaut's twenty-one Latin tenors have been identified, the tenor of one work, Motet 5 (Aucune gent/Qui plus aimme/ T. Fiat voluntas tua, hereafter M5), is alleged to have a most unusual source. I offer new observations about the tenor of M5 that emphasise certain compositional procedures congruent with Machaut's practice in writing his motets and may tie together the various secular and sacred references in the piece.
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Agee, Richard J., Philippe de Monte, and Milton Steinhardt. "Motets from Various Sources; Motets Extant in Instrumental Versions Only; Incomplete Motets." Notes 44, no. 4 (June 1988): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/941042.
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Wathey, Andrew. "The Marriage of Edward III and the Transmission of French Motets to England." Journal of the American Musicological Society 45, no. 1 (1992): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831488.
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This article describes the hitherto unsuspected transmission to England of the two motets in Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS français 571 (also found in Chaillou de Pesstain's interpolated version of the Roman de Fauvel (MS français 146)) as a direct product of the period spent in France by Isabella, Queen of England, 1325-1326, and of the negotiations for the marriage of her son, the future Edward III of England. Isabella's expedition, both before and after the open break with her husband, Edward II, afforded numerous opportunities for the proximity of English and French musicians; new documentation presented here permits the charting in detail of English clerics' contacts with Gervais du Bus, one of the authors of the Roman de Fauvel, and with Philippe de Vitry. A new dating is advanced for MS français 571, compiled for the marriage of Prince Edward and Philippa of Hainault. Edward's proximity to the French royal line (and the residual English claim to the French throne) provided a rationale not only for the English diplomatic handling of the marriage, but also for the inclusion of the motet texts in MS français 571. The motets' topical texts, originally cast with other purposes in mind, are here subordinated to the broader political program of the Anglo-Hainault marriage. Thus, far from being monofunctional, fourteenth-century motets could be re-used in new contexts that made quite different uses of the messages promulgated in their texts: the adaptability of individual motets may, indeed, have been a fundamental cause in their transmission and even in their later survival.
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CLARK, SUZANNAH. "‘S’en dirai chançonete’: hearing text and music in a medieval motet." Plainsong and Medieval Music 16, no. 1 (April 2007): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137107000605.
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Abstract.The texts of thirteenth-century vernacular motets have held centre stage in many recent debates about this polytextual genre: the purported unintelligibility of the words in performance has led to questions about how motets were meant to be understood, especially by third-party listeners, both medieval and modern. The irony is that the purpose of the music has gone unheard in this debate. Using a single motet as point of focus, this article suggests various ways in which the music clarifies rather than obscures the meaning of the text in performance. These range from the use of simple musical devices, such as musical repetition or changes in texture that draw attention to significant moments in the text, to the exploitation of refrain melodies, which I argue carries out an ‘intersonic’ duty that serves as an interpretive companion to the more traditional ‘intertextual’ readings of recent scholarship.
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Savon, Dmytro. "Motet “Jesu, Meine Freude” by Johann Sebastian Bach: Comparative Analysis of Editions of Musical Text." Scientific herald of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, no. 131 (June 30, 2021): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2522-4190.2021.131.243229.
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Relevance and scientific novelty of the selected subject for the research. In the Ukrainian musicology, the motets written by Johann Bach were mainly studied from the compositional means standpoint, considering the system of polyphony, the role of chorale and fugue in dramaturgy as well as the composition of works. Scientists have not previously researched the motets performance specificity. Meanwhile, motets, particularly the one reviewed in the article “Jesu, meine Freude”, are among the most frequently performed works of the choral repertoire. For the first time in the Ukrainian musicology, three edited versions of the motet “Jesu, meine Freude” are analyzed from the standpoint of historically oriented performance. Based on the study of editors’ comments and source literature (mostly German), the question of compliance of the musical text with the task of performing reconstruction of the baroque vocal and choral style was studied. The aim of the article lies in the need to find out specificity of the editors’ interpretation of motet “Jesu, meine Freude” written by Johann Bach and suitability extent of different edited versions for the historical reconstruction of the vocal-choral style of the German Baroque. During the development of particular article, such methods were utilized: historical — the history of edited versions of “Jesu, meine Freude” motet was traced, comparative — the comparative analysis of three edited versions of motet “Jesu, meine Freude” written by Johann Bach (Franz Wulner, Konrad Ameln and Mykhailo Berdennykov) was completed. Main results and conclusions. According to the completed comparative analysis, the first two of the three considered edited versions are textual, while the third one is adopted for performing. Textual versions are characterized by the preservation of the composer’s text in the smallest details, including comments to clearly identify the extent of changes made by the editor in the text. The peculiarities of the version adopted for performing contain the large amount of remarks added by the editor, covering dynamic shades, strokes, tempo notation, etc. It is noted that the choice of version type is determined by performance goals: to perform the works of Johann Bach in an authentic manner, the conductor should focus on facsimile versions, and if they are absent (as in the case of the “Jesu, meine Freude” motet), the one should use textual type of edited versions. The version developed for performing cannot correspond to the authentic performing, as the first does not reflect specific tendencies of the time when it was created. It is specified that the conductor should be familiar with the peculiarities of fixing the means of performance in the musical text of the Baroque era.
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Saltzstein, Jennifer. "Rape and Repentance in Two Medieval Motets." Journal of the American Musicological Society 70, no. 3 (2017): 583–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2017.70.3.583.
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Two thirteenth-century vernacular motets copied side by side in the Montpellier Codex tell a story of sin and repentance. In one a shepherd rapes a maiden, while in the other a penitent begs the Virgin Mary to forgive a great sin. The music of these two motets is nearly identical: one is a contrafactum of the other, and represents a conscious narrative continuation of the first. This article offers a close reading of this unusual pair of motets, interpreting their texts and polyphonic musical settings in the context of other motets, the pastourelle song genre, their liturgical tenor, the technique of contrafacture, the chanson pieuse, and the intertextual refrain repertory. The two motets constitute a medieval exploration of the boundary between seduction and rape, and the spiritual consequences of its transgression. Having placed the story told by the motets in the context of medieval attitudes toward rape in both legal and pedagogical spheres, I close by reflecting on the ethics of listening to artistic representations of violence for both medieval and modern audiences.
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Allsen, J. Michael. "Tenores ad longum and rhythmic cues in the early fifteenth-century motet." Plainsong and Medieval Music 12, no. 1 (April 2003): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137103003036.
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This article deals primarily with a small repertory of early fifteenth-century motets that survive with tenores ad longum - substitute parts for notationally difficult tenors: works by Dunstaple, Binchois, Ciconia, Brassart, Velut, Carmen and Antonius de Civitate. The eight cases, together with Du Fay's O Sancte Sebastiane and the fourteenth-century motet Inter densas, are discussed individually, with consideration of the reason for inclusion of a tenor ad longum or other rhythmic cues, and who might have been responsible for the part.
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Savon, Dmytro. "Performance Composition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Motets: Hypotheses and Discussions." Scientific herald of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, no. 132 (November 29, 2021): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2522-4190.2021.132.250006.
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Relevance and scientific novelty of the selected topic of the research. The issues of the performance of J. S. Bach's motets has not been considered in Ukrainian musicology before, and in creative practice it has been decided unequivocally: choirs sang motets a cappella. However, in the world practice of motets today there are three variants of performance: in addition to singing unaccompanied, motets are performed with basso continuo (organ), as well as with basso continuo accompanied by instruments that duplicate choral parts (colla parte). The revision of performance approaches in world concert practice took place in parallel and, apparently, due to scientific achievements in the history of music, source studies and related fields. Cognitive was the discussion of the performance of Bach's motets, which for a long time (since 1904) unfolded in the Germanspeaking musicological environment. A thorough analysis of the historical context, the text of the motets, the connection with the performing practice, and on the other hand — the limited opportunity to get acquainted with German-language materials determine the relevance of this article, which systematizes the arguments and counterarguments of this controversy.
The aim of the article is to consider the arguments of German scientists (Konrad Ameln, Klaus Hofmann, Alfred Heuss and others) on the tradition of performances of motets by J. S. Bach, to draw the attention of the performing and scientific community to the possibility of the existence of different versions of the performing composition in these works; emphasize the need for a performing search in the field of baroque music, in particular, in those aspects, which in the classicalromantic tradition are considered unambiguously fixed in the musical text.
The following methods were used in the study: historical (analysed the dynamics of changes in the performing tradition of Bach's motets), the method of generalization (based on the study of musicological literature generalized arguments in favour of three types of performing motets).
Main results and conclusions. Based on the analysis of information from German-language musicological research, it is stated that in the time of Bach there were three types of performance for his motets: 1) a cappella, 2) with basso continuo, 3) with basso continuo and instruments colla parte. Arguments for each type are systematized depending on whether they come from the study of historical context (external) or based on the study of the original musical text of motets (internal). It is noted that the plurality of variants of the performance composition allowed in today's practice should be realized by the conductor, who should not unconditionally accept the performance version proposed in the motets edition as the only correct one. The choice of performance is made by the conductor depending on the specifics of the performance situation.
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Fallows, David, Johannes Ockeghem, Richard Wexler, and Dragan Plamenac. "Motets and Chansons." Notes 50, no. 3 (March 1994): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/898602.
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Quinney, R. "Approaching Bach's motets." Early Music 36, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 659–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/can102.
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Sawkins, L. "French motets catalogued." Early Music 40, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 501–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/cas070.
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Wolinski, Mary E. "The compilation of the Montpellier Codex." Early Music History 11 (October 1992): 263–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127900001248.
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The manuscript Montpellier, Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire, Section Médecine, H 196 (hereafter called Mo) has long claimed a place as one of the musical monuments of the thirteenth century. It is one of the most comprehensive sources of the early motet and is by far the largest anthology of French three-voice motets. It has long been thought that Mo was compiled in a number of stages that reflect gradual changes in musical notation and style during the second half of the thirteenth century. This assumption has been used to date repertory, theorists and composers.
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Fábián, Apolka. "Analytical Aspects of the Three Versions of Confitebor Tibi, Domine by Claudio Monteverdi." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 68, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2023.2.22.
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"This work focuses on the musical analysis of Monteverd’s composition styles in his sacred music. The motets, Confitebor tibi, Domine were printed in 1640 in collection of Selva morale e spiritual. Even in these rigidly bound works, Monteverdi gives full intensity to the meaning of every word of the text, trying to bring it to life in a vivid and convincing way. These three versions of Psalm 111 present different compositional techniques, through which Monteverdi wishes to emphasize the content of the text. Keyword: Renaissance music, Claudio Monteverdi, motet, sacred music"
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Brothers, Thomas. "Vestiges of the Isorhythmic Tradition in Mass and Motet, ca. 1450-1475." Journal of the American Musicological Society 44, no. 1 (1991): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831727.
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The article examines a small group of masses and motets by Du Fay, Busnoys, Regis, and Josquin that may date from the third quarter of the fifteenth century. Each piece reflects the composer's interest in preserving various aspects of the isorhythmic tradition. One such aspect is a compositional technique referred to as modus disposition, the control of a piece by making the total duration of a section divisible by two or three breves, depending on whether imperfect or perfect modus is in control. Another feature that is a vestige of the isorhythmic tradition is the planning of a piece so that precise ratios are created between various sectional durations within the piece; several important pieces displaying such ratios can be thought of as manifesting number disposition rather than number symbolism. On the basis of similarities in compositional technique and unusual mensural features, the argument is made that Du Fay's Missa Se la face ay pale may have inspired Busnoys' Missa L'homme armé (as well as several motets by Busnoys and Regis), and that Busnoys' mass in turn may have inspired sections of the Missa Di dadi and Missa L'ami baudichon by Josquin. Issues surrounding Josquin's Illibata Dei virgo nutrix are considered, particularly the notion that the motet transforms stylistic norms that were associated with the isorhythmic tradition, as mediated by Busnoys' In Hydraulis. The use of perfect modus in Illibata seems to be a further reference to the isorhythmic tradition. In an attempt to assess the unique stylistic properties of Illibata, relationships between it and other motets by Josquin from the 1470s are explored.
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Rose-Steel, Tamsyn, and Ece Turnator. "Medieval Music in Linked Open Data: A Case Study on Linking Medieval Motets." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 10, no. 1 (March 2016): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2016.0158.
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In Fall 2013, the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR), funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, engaged five postdoctoral fellows placed in five different institutions to explore issues related to data curation for medieval studies. In May 2015, these fellows convened a two-day workshop on the sharing and publishing of Linked Open Data (LOD). Funded by a CLIR/Mellon microgrant, the workshop brought together librarians, technologists, and scholars to brainstorm on the challenges posed to medievalists in sharing data on digital platforms. 2 The workshop offered a forum in which to discuss the complexity of medieval data and the challenges of sharing and publishing it. It enabled participants to appreciate LOD's potential to express complicated data sets in our area of study and aid the navigation of those data sets, as well as understand how LOD can facilitate scholars to share and publish research outcomes more effectively. In this article, we take the lessons learned from the workshop and apply them to a set of complex data: 13th-century French motets, short pieces of music usually consisting of three lines and incorporating manifold connections and references. Following an outline of LOD, a detailed explanation of the motet and the manner of its composition will set the scene for elucidating the levels of complexity to be found in motet metadata, and hence why the LOD model can aid us in negotiating the data. We will then demonstrate an effective application of LOD by proposing a proof-of-concept system for organizing a select set of motets.
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Judd, Cristle Collins. "Modal Types and Ut, Re, Mi Tonalities: Tonal Coherence in Sacred Vocal Polyphony from about 1500." Journal of the American Musicological Society 45, no. 3 (1992): 428–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831714.
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An evaluation of Pietro Aron's understanding of "mode in polyphony" (Trattato della Natura et Cognitione di tutti gli tuoni [1525]) coupled with an analytical examination of Josquin's motet oeuvre leads to a new theory of tonal coherence in sacred vocal polyphony from about 1500. This theory provides a designation for, and identifies the markers of, the tonalities represented in the motets of Josquin; it is based on a nomenclature derived from the technical vocabulary of modal theory and the exigencies of a musical tradition rooted in plainchant, hexachordal manipulation of the gamut, and counterpoint. Three main tonal categories are defined and identified by hexachordal function of final as Ut, Re, and Mi tonalities. Comments by Glarean (Dodecachordon [1547]) support the essentially practical basis of these tonal designations. Each of these tonalities consists of, and is defined by, a distinct collection of "modal types," melodic-contrapuntal paradigms of tonal coherence that are identifiable in a variety of structural guises, from simple contrapuntal contexts to more abstract frameworks. Analytical examples from Josquin's motets illustrate procedural similarities in works belonging to different modal categories and structural distinctions within the same category, as well as demonstrating why diverse analytical approaches have seemed successful with certain works but inappropriate to others.
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ZAYARUZNAYA, ANNA. "Quotation, perfection and the eloquence of form: introducing Beatius/Cum humanum." Plainsong and Medieval Music 24, no. 2 (September 25, 2015): 129–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096113711500011x.
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ABSTRACTThe newly reconstructed motet Beatius/Cum humanum is remarkable in several respects. It ranks among the longest of Ars Nova motets, and divides neatly into three parts of which the middle is an eighty-breve untexted hocket section. It also contains an extended quotation – textual as well as musical – from the Fauvel motet Firmissime/Adesto. The quoted material speaks of ‘Trinity and unity’, turning a spotlight onto the tripartite form of Beatius/Cum humanum. Firmissime/Adesto has occasioned comment because it is built up of duple (‘imperfect’) notes even though it praises the perfect Trinity. Beatius/Cum humanum can be read as participating in the same conversation. By shifting the salience of the number three from local rhythmical organisation to the global level of form, it serves as an example of how music can depict perfection ex imperfectis.
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Atchison, Mary. "Bien me sui aperceuz: monophonic chanson and motetus." Plainsong and Medieval Music 4, no. 1 (April 1995): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137100000851.
Full textAbstract:
Borrowing or quoting from the trouvère repertory has long been acknowledged as part of the craft of the composers of the thirteenth-century motet. Single strophes from a few trouvère chansons can be found as complete motet voices; partial strophes frame newly composed text and music in motets-entés, and many textual themes and motifs, melodic motifs and refrains can be traced to trouvère sources. Whilst this practice of borrowing can be identified because of the common texts and melodies, or texts or melodies alone, it is difficult to say to what extent other compositional practices, not dependent upon direct quotation, might have found their source and inspiration in the trouvère repertory. An examination of the monophonic chanson Bien me sui aperceuz, and the three-voice motet Se valours / Bien me sui apercheus / Hie factus est, reveals a web of interrelationships between the chanson and the motet which appears far more subtle than the practice of direct borrowing briefly mentioned above. The cryptic clues to these concealed relationships between the chanson and the motet can be found in their texts, whilst the solution is revealed in their melodies.