Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mosquitoes'
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Gouge, Dawn H., Shujuan Li, Kathleen Walker, Chris Sumner, Shaku Nair, and Carl Olson. "Mosquitoes: Biology and Integrated Mosquito Management." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625410.
Full textMosquitoes are the most important insect pests that affect the health and well-being of humans and domestic animals worldwide. They can cause a variety of health problems due to their ability to transfer (vector) viruses and other disease-causing pathogens, including in the arid Southwest U.S. This publication describes the mosquito life-cycle, introduces common pest mosquito species and the diseases associated with them. Mosquito management for residents is covered.
Li, Shujuan, Dawn Gouge, Al Fournier, Shaku Nair, Paul Baker, and Carl Olson. "Mosquitoes." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305089.
Full textGouge, Dawn, Kirk A. Smith, Carl Olson, and Paul Baker. "Mosquitoes." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146702.
Full textKesavaraju, Banugopan Juliano Steven A. "Behavioral interactions between predator and prey and their influence on an invasive species in container habitats." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390287471&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1202751489&clientId=43838.
Full textTitle from title page screen, viewed on February 11, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Steven A. Juliano (chair), Diane L. Byers, L. Philip Lounibos, Charles F. Thompson, William L. Perry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-163) and abstract. Also available in print.
Zola, Sheri. "Molecular events associated with mosquito diapause." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
Find full textEvans, Peter J. "Community knowledge, attitudes and practices - urban mosquitoes and sustainable mosquito control." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241460.
Full textButler, Mari. "Catch basin ecosystems and effects of the mosquito larvicide methoprene /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3186895.
Full textMagbity, Edward Brima. "Methods for entomological evaluation of treated bed nets." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324915.
Full textRightor, John Albert. "An integrated mosquito management program for James City County, Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11072008-063536/.
Full textROSSI, PAOLO. "Bacterial symbiosis in mosquitoes: from basic research to mosquito borne diseases control." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/401854.
Full textChaithong, Udom. "Immune responses in mosquitoes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293724.
Full textPersson, Vinnersten Thomas. "Long Term Studies of Insect Abundances in Temporary Wetlands in Relation to Hydrology, Predation and Bti." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207841.
Full textConklin, Tracy M. "Effects of Helicosporidia on mosquitoes." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014411.
Full textBurkett, Nathan Daniel Mullen Gary R. "Comparative study of gravid-trap infusions for capturing blood-fed mosquitoes (diptera : culicidae) of the genera Aedes, Ochlerotatus, and Culex." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/BURKETT_NATHAN_18.pdf.
Full textPetersen, Wade H. "Exploring mosquito diversity and dynamics across Washington State as they relate to West Nile virus transmission." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/w_petersen_072009.pdf.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 12, 2009). "Department of Entomology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-68).
Bandzuh, John Thomas IV. "Perceptions of measures to control Aedes mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Costa Rica." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81449.
Full textMaster of Science
Gilchriest, Travis R. "In situ marking of Culex tarsalis larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) with ¹⁵N a novel technique in mosquito mark-capture studies /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594501141&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBrabant, Peter J. III. "Effects of methoprene on the survivorship of adult Aedes mosquitoes: a strategy or inactivating released mosquitoes." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/1.
Full textQualls, Whitney Allyn. "Field studies and monitoring of mosquito populations (Diptera:Culicidae) in urban environments." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/QUALLS_WHITNEY_47.pdf.
Full textReddy, Gangadasu E. C. V. Sagar. "Storage and utilization of hexamerin proteins in the pitcher plant mosquito, Wyomyia smithii by Gangadasu E.C.V. Sagar Reddy." Click here to access thesis, 2008. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2008/gangadasu_s_reddy/reddy_gangadasu_e_200808_ms.pdf.
Full text"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Directed by William S. Irby. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-47) and appendices.
Warren, Ben. "Hearing and acoustic interaction in mosquitoes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6946/.
Full textAlves, R. O. N. "Avian malaria associations with British mosquitoes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dea2e4b0-f4d8-4fae-9209-fa02d083192c.
Full textSugimoto, Renato Sinnhofer. "Variações da fauna de mosquitos (Díptera:Culicidae) em área de implantação de uma hidrelétrica no rio Paranapanema, SP/PR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-18112010-201153/.
Full textIf the hydroelectric power plants supply the needs of the country, they are also responsible for the proliferation of diseases whose pathogens are transferred, in most of time, by mosquitoes that using the flooded areas such as breeding. It can be observed this scenario in the HPP of Ourinhos, which is located on the Paranapanema river between the cities of Ourinhos, SP, and Jacarezinho, PR, where three stations were established to collect used for assessing the diversity of populations in the pre and post flooding of the reservoir from the data collected described the changes occurring in the population of Culicidae of Ourinhos HPP, before the impacts of flooding and it was estimated richness, dominance, and diversity, standardized index of abundance of species and similarity. Where to catch the adult was used the Shannons trap and vacuum, and for the immature forms \"entomological ladle\" in collections of stagnant water. Among the species of epidemiological importance have collected and identified: Aedes albopictus, Aedes scapularis, Anopheles albitarsis s.l, Anopheles darlingi, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex nigripalpus, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Psorophora ferox. It is reducing the number of species in the period after filling, together with the recolonization of the niche for new species or rare species before, as exemplified by the emergence of Anopheles(Nys.) darlingi and Anopheles albitarsis s.l rise of species, as primary and secondary vectors malaria in Brazil, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that the lake formed by the dam of Ourinhos changed the diversity of the mosquitoes in site, which may represent less contact with the blood of people around the newly formed lake
Ioshino, Rafaella Sayuri. "Mecanismo da redução de fertilidade em Aedes aegypti infectados por Plasmodium gallinaceum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-08102013-085809/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that the fertility reduction in Plasmodium gallinaceum-infected Aedes aegypti occurs by follicular cells death. A significant reduction in the number of eggs laid by infected mosquitoes was confirmed. It was observed a reduction of viable cells in 18, 22 and 24 hours PBM infected by MTT assay. It was not possible to observe cell death in ovary tissue 18 hours PBM infected, but the follicular cells showed orange color 22 and 24 hours indicating they are in death in relation to the same interval of PBM control. To determine if these cells exhibit apoptosis, we use the TUNEL which mark the fragmented DNA, a characteristic of the apoptosis process. Ovaries 22 and 24 hours PBM infected and control were negative for TUNEL marker from ovary histological preparations. Thus, we conclude that fecundity reduction occurs as a response to follicular cells death caused by P. gallinaceum infection but it was not possible to affirm if the type of follicular cells death is apoptosis.
Hugo, Riel Leon Eklund. "Evaluation of methodologies for determining the age structure and survivorship of Ochlerotatus vigilax and other medically important mosquito vector species in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18159.pdf.
Full textSchäfer, Martina. "Mosquitoes as a Part of Wetland Biodiversity." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Populationsbiologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4670.
Full textMolta, N. B. "Biological control of mosquitoes with rhabditoid nematodes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8901.
Full textSchäfer, Martina. "Mosquitoes as a part of wetland biodiversity /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4670.
Full textAbeyewickreme, Wimaladharma. "Immune responses to malaria parasites in mosquitoes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283045.
Full textTran, Tiffany Doan. "Filarial infection in mosquitoes of Northern California." Scholarly Commons, 2016. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/172.
Full textNaumenko, Anastasia Nikolayevna. "Chromosomal evolution in mosquitoes - vectors of diseases." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78251.
Full textPh. D.
Masri, Reem Abed. "Chromosome and Genome Evolution in Culicinae Mosquitoes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104175.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
Mosquitoes are medically important insects because they vector a range of diseases that infect humans. The subfamily Culicinae is responsible for transmitting such diseases as Zika, dengue, and West Nile fevers, which have triggered fatal infections and epidemics in multiple parts of the world. Since 2010-2016, studies have reported exceeding levels of insecticide resistance that slows the disease elimination process. Novel transgenic techniques have a tremendous potential for more efficiently minimizing mosquito-borne diseases and transmission. Availability of high-quality genome assemblies for mosquitoes may help to better understand their population structure and to develop effective and safe vector-control approaches that we urgently need. For the development of high-quality genome assemblies, we need to construct a physical genome map, that shows the physical locations of genes or other DNA sequences of interest along the chromosomes. For this reason, we developed a new gene-based approach for the physical mapping of the mosquito genomes. This method was then used for the development of a physical map for Ae. albopictus. This study resulted in the generation of the first physical map of the Ae. albopictus genome. To understand population structure in Culicinae mosquitoes, we used mosquitoes from the Culex pipiens complex. Species in this complex transmit different arthropod-borne viruses or arboviruses. Notable is the West Nile Virus, which has triggered fatal infections and epidemics in Eastern and Central Europe, North America and is also known in Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Caribbean. We specifically focused on two subspecies in this complex, Cx. pipiens pipiens and Cx. pipiens molestus that are morphologically identical, but are different physiologically and behaviorally. Although they are spread globally in temperate regions, their population structure and taxonomic status remains unclear. The first goal of this study was to better understand the level of genomic differentiation of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus from different continents. We sequenced and compared the whole genomes of 40 individual mosquitoes from two locations in Eurasia and two in North America. Our study identified that Cx. p. molestus and Cx. p. pipiens represent different evolutionary units that are currently undergoing ecological speciation. The second goal was to study differences at the chromosome level between them. Using the Hi-C approach we detected presence of two different inversions in Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. molestus, which could potentially explain their different physiology and adaptation.
Waldock, Joanna. "Anti-viral immunity in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6358.
Full textGouge, Dawn H., James R. Hagler, Shaku Nair, Kathleen Walker, Shujuan Li, Christopher S. Bibbs, Chris Sumner, and Kirk A. Smith. "Human Disease Causing Viruses Vectored by Mosquitoes." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625572.
Full textThere are a number of disease-causing viruses transmitted to people primarily through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Female mosquitoes take blood meals to produce eggs. A mosquito that bites an infected animal may pick up a virus within the blood meal. If the mosquito is the appropriate species, and conditions inside the insect and the surrounding environment are supportive, the virus reproduces within the mosquito. Later, the mosquito may pass the virus on to other animals (including humans) as they feed again.
Yen, Pei-Shi. "Transgenic mosquitoes for controlling transmission of arboviruses." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066340/document.
Full textMosquito-borne arboviruses cause some of the world’s most devastating diseases and are responsible for recent dengue, chikungunya and Zika pandemics. The yellow-fever mosquito. Aedes aegypti, plays an important role in the transmission of all three viruses. The ineffectiveness of chemical control methods targeting Ae. aegypti makes urgent the need for novel vector-based approaches for controlling these diseases. Mosquitoes control arbovirus replication by triggering immune responses. RNAi machinery is the most significant pathway playing a role on antiviral immunity. Although the role of exogenous siRNA and piRNA pathways in mosquito antiviral immunity is increasingly better understood, there is still little knowledge regarding interactions between the mosquito cellular miRNA pathway and arboviruses. Thus further analysis of mechanisms by which miRNAs may regulate arbovirus replication in mosquitoes is pivotal. In the first part of the thesis, we carried out genomic analysis to identify Ae. aegypti miRNAs that potentially interact with various lineages and genotypes of chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV) and Zika viruses. By using prediction tools with distinct algorithms, several miRNA binding sites were commonly found within different genotypes/and or lineages of each arbovirus. We further analyzed the miRNAs that could target more than one arbovirus and required a low energy threshold to form miRNA-vRNA (viral RNA) complexes and predicted potential RNA structures using RNAhybrid software. Thus, we predicted miRNA candidates that might participate in regulating arboviral replication in Ae. aegypti. In the second part of the thesis, we developed a miRNA-based approach that results in a dual resistance phenotype in mosquitoes to dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses for stopping arboviruses spreading within urban cycles. The target viruses are from two distinct arboviral families and the antiviral mechanism is designed to function through the endogenous miRNA pathway in infected mosquitoes. Ten artificial antiviral 4 miRNAs capable of targeting ~97% of all published strains were designed based on derived consensus sequences of CHIKV and DENV-3. The antiviral miRNA constructs were placed under control of either an Aedes PolyUbiquitin (PUb) or Carboxypeptidase A (AeCPA) gene promoter triggering respectively expression ubiquitously in the transgenic mosquitoes or more locally in the midgut epithelial cells following a blood meal. Challenge experiments using viruses added in blood meals showed subsequent reductions in viral transmission efficiency in the saliva of transgenic mosquitoes as a result of lowered infection rate and dissemination efficiency. Several components of mosquito fitness, including larval development time, larval/pupal mortality, adult lifespan, sex ratio, and male mating competitiveness, were examined: transgenic mosquitoes with the PUb promoter showed minor fitness costs at all developing stages whereas those based on AeCPA exhibited a high fitness cost. Further development of these strains with gene editing tools could make them candidates for releases in population replacement strategies for sustainable control of multiple arbovirus diseases
Yen, Pei-Shi. "Transgenic mosquitoes for controlling transmission of arboviruses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066340.pdf.
Full textMosquito-borne arboviruses cause some of the world’s most devastating diseases and are responsible for recent dengue, chikungunya and Zika pandemics. The yellow-fever mosquito. Aedes aegypti, plays an important role in the transmission of all three viruses. The ineffectiveness of chemical control methods targeting Ae. aegypti makes urgent the need for novel vector-based approaches for controlling these diseases. Mosquitoes control arbovirus replication by triggering immune responses. RNAi machinery is the most significant pathway playing a role on antiviral immunity. Although the role of exogenous siRNA and piRNA pathways in mosquito antiviral immunity is increasingly better understood, there is still little knowledge regarding interactions between the mosquito cellular miRNA pathway and arboviruses. Thus further analysis of mechanisms by which miRNAs may regulate arbovirus replication in mosquitoes is pivotal. In the first part of the thesis, we carried out genomic analysis to identify Ae. aegypti miRNAs that potentially interact with various lineages and genotypes of chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV) and Zika viruses. By using prediction tools with distinct algorithms, several miRNA binding sites were commonly found within different genotypes/and or lineages of each arbovirus. We further analyzed the miRNAs that could target more than one arbovirus and required a low energy threshold to form miRNA-vRNA (viral RNA) complexes and predicted potential RNA structures using RNAhybrid software. Thus, we predicted miRNA candidates that might participate in regulating arboviral replication in Ae. aegypti. In the second part of the thesis, we developed a miRNA-based approach that results in a dual resistance phenotype in mosquitoes to dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses for stopping arboviruses spreading within urban cycles. The target viruses are from two distinct arboviral families and the antiviral mechanism is designed to function through the endogenous miRNA pathway in infected mosquitoes. Ten artificial antiviral 4 miRNAs capable of targeting ~97% of all published strains were designed based on derived consensus sequences of CHIKV and DENV-3. The antiviral miRNA constructs were placed under control of either an Aedes PolyUbiquitin (PUb) or Carboxypeptidase A (AeCPA) gene promoter triggering respectively expression ubiquitously in the transgenic mosquitoes or more locally in the midgut epithelial cells following a blood meal. Challenge experiments using viruses added in blood meals showed subsequent reductions in viral transmission efficiency in the saliva of transgenic mosquitoes as a result of lowered infection rate and dissemination efficiency. Several components of mosquito fitness, including larval development time, larval/pupal mortality, adult lifespan, sex ratio, and male mating competitiveness, were examined: transgenic mosquitoes with the PUb promoter showed minor fitness costs at all developing stages whereas those based on AeCPA exhibited a high fitness cost. Further development of these strains with gene editing tools could make them candidates for releases in population replacement strategies for sustainable control of multiple arbovirus diseases
Marchi, Marco Jacometto. "Padronização de técnica para produção em massa de \'Culex quinquefasciatus\' (Diptera: Culicidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-26022014-100718/.
Full textObjective To establish a method for mass rearing of Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in laboratory, in order to provide subsidy to the population control of this species through the release of sterile males. Methods - A colony of Cx. quinquefasciatus was founded from immature collected in January 2013 in the Pinheiros River, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. Adult mosquitoes had their dry weights measured and the development was evaluated as the time to reach pupae and adult phase. In the first experiment it was tested four different diets (fish food, dog food, a mix of 50 percent fish and 50 percent dog food or a mix of 33.33 percent fish 33.33 percent dog food and 33.33 percent milk powder) and three temperatures (27 ± 2°C, 23 ± 2°C and 20 ± 2°C). In the second experiment it was tested several conditions of food amounts (mg/day), larvae densities (ml of water/larva) and water column height that would generate high development rate, low immature mortality and high adult dry weight. Results - In the first experiment there was no statistically significant difference in the time for the development to pupae stage or in the total dry weight of adults among the four experimental diets. However, fish food provided less immature mortality. The highest temperature (27 ± 2°C) decreased the time of the immature life cycle, but generated adults with lower dry weights. In the second experiment, the condition 0.5 mg/larva, 5 ml/larva in 2.1 cm of water column and 27 ± 2°C offered good mass rearing and generated higher development rate, lower immature mortality and higher adult dry weights. Conclusion No ideal diet was defined for mass rearing in the parameters analyzed. The less expensive diet was the dog food, but this should be milled by hand or machine, which makes the fish food more practical in the production trays. This study suggested that the best condition for mass rearing of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes was 0.5 mg of daily fish food/larva, 5 ml/larva in 2.1 cm of water column and 27 ± 2°C. The study suggests that this technique can assist in population control of this species
Ameneshewa, Birkinesh. "The behaviour and bioloy of Anopheles arabiensis in relation to epidemiology and control of malaria in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261844.
Full textEiras, Alvaro Eduardo. "The role of human odours in host location behaviour of female Aedes aegypti (Diptera: culicidae)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316312.
Full textBrown, Michael David. "Evaluation of Mesocyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) for the biological control of mosquitoes in north Queensland /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 1989. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16687.pdf.
Full textGouge, Dawn, and Carl Olson. "Choosing a Bug Repellent." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146730.
Full text"Bugs @ Home series Formerly titled: Insect Repellents; Originally published: 2003"
This publication describes how to use insect repellents safely and effectively. It offers comparisons between repellents available to the public and gives advice on which products are suitable for children.
Kavanaugh, Michael David. "Influence of stormwater drainage facilities on mosquito communities within the city of Denton, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9765/.
Full textHambrick, Bethany Lynn. "Population Dynamics and Community Structure of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Recorded in Denton, Texas from 2005 to 2015." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157552/.
Full textLetaw, Alathea Diana 1984. "The Effects of Rapid Climate Change on Small Populations of the Pitcher-Plant Mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10154.
Full textTo determine the relative effects of rapid climate change on selection and drift in small populations, nine northern populations of the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii, were exposed to directional selection equivalent to 180 years of climate change, while control populations were maintained in their native climate. After three years, fitness had declined in the selected but not the control populations, indicating an adverse effect of climate change. When both selected and control populations were then reared in the selected climate, they showed no difference in fitness, indicating no genetic response to selection. Importantly, however, fitness was negatively correlated with accumulated inbreeding in both control and selected populations, pointing out that the effects of inbreeding and drift exceeded those of selection imposed by rapid climate change. Therefore, small northern populations at expanding edges of species' distributions should be most vulnerable to continued climate change.
Committee in Charge: Dr. William Bradshaw, Chair; Dr. Christina Holzapfel; Dr. Nathan Tublitz
Harbison, Justin Eric. "The evaluation of mosquito production and measures to minimize mosquitoes in stormwater treatment structures to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne diseases." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1872891741&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textRABÊLO, Kaynara Cecília Nery. "Identificação de DNA humano encontrado em trato digestório de culicídeos hematófagos para fins forenses." Universidade federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16726.
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Insetos e outros artrópodes quando em locais de crime podem servir como vestígio criminal. O advento da genética forense pode auxiliar na obtenção do DNA humano a partir destes insetos, podendo relacionar o suspeito a cena do crime. Desta forma, esta pesquisa objetivou a obtenção e a comparação do perfil genético humano extraído de mosquitos hematófagos com diferentes metodologias para a extração de DNA, analisando os seguintes fatores: variação temporal para obtenção dos perfis genéticos após a hematofagia; a obtenção e a comparação dos perfis de DNA humano do sangue proveniente do trato digestivo dos mosquitos hematófagos com as amostras referências (saliva) de voluntários; influência da amônia, ácido lático e tipo sanguíneo, além da temperatura corporal dos voluntários e a relação na atratividade dos mosquitos e consequente obtenção do material genético; avaliou-se também a mistura de perfis genéticos provenientes de um único mosquito e o intervalo temporal após a hematofagia. Para a análise da comparação das extrações foi utilizado o kit DNA IQTM ,a resina Chelex® 100 e extração com NaOH; e para as outras variáveis em estudo utilizou-se somente o DNA IQTM. A quantificação foi realizada com o Quantifiler® Duo e a amplificação com o kit AMPFlSTR Identifiler® Plus® PCR, que analisou 15 loci STR e amelogenina. A quantificação para o estudo das misturas de DNA nos mosquitos foi realizada com PowerPlex 16HS System. Os dados foram analisados através do programa estatístico PATCAN v. 1.2 software e para a análise das misturas foi utilizado o programa DNA MIX v. 3.2 software. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do DNA IQTM foi melhor quando comparado a resina Chelex® 100, com obtenção de perfis viáveis em até 72h após a refeição sanguínea. Não foi obtido perfil de DNA quando utilizado NaOH. Os resultados demonstraram também uma confrontação positiva entre o sangue encontrado no trato digestivo dos mosquitos e o material genético cedido pelos voluntários, como amostra referência. As análises bioquímicas demonstraram que o tipo sanguíneo com maior número de obtenção de perfil genético foi o tipo O; além disso, foi constatado valores de normalidade para o exame de lactato, mas para a análise de amônia foi obtido DNA também com valores maiores que o padrão de referência para este tipo de exame, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Houve obtenção de DNA nas temperaturas corporais registradas entre 36ºC a 37º C. Foi observado também que mistura de DNAs humano pode ser detectado a partir de um único mosquito hematófago. Desta forma, os resultados demonstraram que os mosquitos hematófagos quando encontrados em cenas de crimes tem efetivo valor forense.
Insects and others arthropods can be used as traces when located in the crime scene. The advent of forensic genetic can assist in obtaining human DNA from these insects, relating the suspect to the crime scene. So, this research aimed the obtainment and the comparison of the human gene profile extracted for the hematophagous mosquitoes with different methodologies to the DNA extraction, analyzing the following factors: temporal variation to the obtainment of the genetic profile after the hematophagy; obtainment and comparison of the human gene profile from the hematophagous mosquitoes´ digestive tract with the volunteers´ samples (saliva); influence of ammonia, lactic acid and blood type, besides the volunteers’ body temperature and the relation on mosquitoes´ attractiveness and genetic material obtainment; the compound of the genetic profile from one mosquito and temporal intermission after hematophagy was also evaluated. DNA IQTM, resin Chelex® 100 and extraction with NaOH was used to the analyses of the extract comparison. The quantification was held with Quantifiler® Duo and the amplification with AMPFlSTR Identifiler® Plus® PCR kit, that analyzed 15 loci STR and amelogenin. The quantification to study the compound of DNA in the mosquitoes was held with PowerPlex 16HS System. Data were analyzed through statistic program PATCAN v. 1.2 software and to analyze the profiles mixtures DNA MIX v. 3.2 software program was used. The results showed that the use of DNA IQTM was typical when compared with Chelex® 100, and success in gene amplification with obtainment of viable profiles up to 72 hours after blood meal. DNA profile was not obtained when used NaOH. The results also showed a positive confrontation between blood found in the mosquitoes´ digestive tract and the material assigned by the volunteers, with reference sample. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the blood type with bigger obtainment number obtained profile gene was type O; besides that the human DNA profiles were achieved from hematophagous mosquitoes when compared with the correspondent biochemical analysis of the volunteer found normal values to lactate exam, but to ammonia analysis was obtained DNA with higher values than the reference standard to this type of exam, in both gender. There was DNA obtainment from body temperatures registered between 36°C to 37°C. It was also observed that human DNA compound can detected through a only single hematophagous mosquito. With that the results showed hematophagous mosquitoes when found in the crime scene have effective forensic value.
Kojin, Bianca Burini. "Análise da expressão de regiões da proteína Circumsporozoíta de Plasmodium sp. em Aedes aegypti infectado por Plasmodium gallinaceum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-01022010-093039/.
Full textTransgenic mosquitoes that impair malaria transmission can be an alternative control but currently an effective line is not available. A better understanding of mosquito interaction with pathogens is very important to improve refractory transgene design. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has two conserved domains that could be involved in spz penetration into mosquito salivary glands. Our aim was to express peptides encompassing these conserved regions in the mosquito hemolymph using Sindbis virus transient expression system and transgenesis technology. If CSP is involved in this process these peptides will compete with sporozoites impairing its penetration. Five Sindbis virus and four transgenic lines were constructed and challenged with P. gallinaceum. Our results showed these peptides could not impair sporozoites penetration in salivary glands, mainly because the recombinant proteins could not be produced or detected. Improving transgene design using codon usage and other technologies will be essential for expressing foreign proteins in transgenic mosquitoes.
Mendes, Caroline Louise Garcia. "Caracterização expressional do gene lacase 2 em Aedes aegypti." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-14072017-144014/.
Full textLaccase 2 is a gene with major role in body cuticle tanning in insects and evidences suggest laccase 2 may play a role in egg chorion tanning in mosquitoes vectors of pathogens. When the expression of the gene is knocked down in adults of Aedes albopictus their females produce hyaline and inviable eggs. Theoretically, this gene would be a good candidate for manipulation in the context of biological control of vectors based on genetically modified organisms. In the present study, we characterized the expressional profile and enzymatic activity of laccase 2 during the development of Aedes aegypti. We also knocked down the gene in adult females hypothesizing that this could jeopardize egg chorion formation. The RT-PCR technique was not sensitive to detect laccase 2 amplification in larvae, however, we detected amplification in other life stages. Pupae and adults females after blood meal exhibited equivalent expressional profiles. Using the technique of enzymatic activity detection by fluorescence, it was possible to determine the laccase 2 enzymatic activity profile and the optimum pH in all stages of development. The highest activity peak was registered in adult females 32 hours after blood meal. The laccase 2 enzymatic activity was confirmed by chromatographic separation in the adults females 24 hours after blood meal sample. Both techniques (RT-PCR and enzymatic activity detection) point to a higher production of laccase 2 after blood meal in adult females, suggesting the importance of laccase 2 for egg development. For the knocking down experiments we synthesized double-stranded RNA of laccase 2 and protein MSP1 (negative control). Both double-stranded RNAs were injected at three concentrations, 20ng, 200ng and 1700ng, in three experimental groups of Ae. aegypti females. No significant morphological differences between eggs from females injected with laccase 2 and MSP1 double-stranded RNA were observed. Pigmentation of the eggs started 30 minutes after they were laid (experimental and control group). However, the pigmentation started slightly later in those eggs of experiment females injected with 200ng. This apparent developmental delay may be related to the silencing of laccase 2. The effect of insertion of double-stranded RNA of laccase 2 did not result in the same effect reported in the literature for Ae. albopictus. Even so, the results obtained in this study corroborate the hypothesis that laccase 2 plays a role in egg development in mosquitoes.
Pell, Judith Kay. "The biology of dimorphic microsporidian parasites of mosquitoes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47616.
Full textCOSTA, Sónia Fernandes da. "Flaviviruses in mosquitoes from Southern Portugal, 2009-2010." Master's thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7156.
Full textFlaviviruses are viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. They comprise a large group of widely spread and genetically diverse arthropod-borne viruses including human and animal pathogens that can potentially cause large-scale epidemics and high mortality and morbidity. In the past few years, flaviviruses have largely expanded their geographical distribution and host range. West Nile virus has been continuously detected throughout Europe lately and has been isolated from mosquitoes in Southern Portugal, where human and animal cases have been reported. The main aim of this work was to search for flaviviruses in mosquitoes collected from two areas in Southern Portugal where West Nile virus and other flaviviruses have previously been detected. Mosquito surveys were carried out in 24 locations in the wetlands of the Faro and Setúbal districts, by CDC-CO2 light-traps and indoors resting collections. Pools containing approximately 50 mosquitoes were screened for flaviviruses by heminested RT-PCR, directed at the amplification of a small fragment of the viral NS5 gene, using degenerated flavivirus-specific primers. A total of 36273 mosquitoes were collected during 2009 and 2010 from April through October, from the following species: Anopheles algeriensis, An.atroparvus, Aedes berlandi, Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus, Coquillettidia richiardii, Culex laticinctus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. univittatus, Culiseta annulata, Cs. longiareolata, Cs. subochrea, and Uranotaenia unguiculata. Most abundant species were Ae. caspius Cx. theileri and Cx. pipiens, respectively. However, mosquito densities varied according to collection method and sampling area. A fourfold increase in mosquito density was registered in 2010 compared to 2009. A total of 745 pools were analysed of which 31% tested positive for flaviviral sequences. The species with higher positivity rates were An. algeriensis with Minimum infection rate (MIR) of 56/1000 in the Algarve 2009, Cs. annulata MIR =22/1000 in the Algarve 2010, Cx.theileri and Cx.pipiens in Setúbal 2010, MIR =20/1000. An. atroparvus, Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus and Cx. univittatus also yielded positive pools. Overall, positivity was higher in the Algarve. Viral sequences obtained from positive pools showed homology with insect-specific flavivirus (ISF) sequences deposited in free access public databases. Phylogenetic analysis reflected the genetic variability of flaviviruses and revealed the relatedness of our sequences with other known flaviviruses, especially the insect-specific. In view of previous WNV isolations and assessing from the four-fold increase in mosquito density, the increasing temperatures, the recent cases throughout Europe and the unknown and unpredictable pattern of flaviviruses outbreaks, continuous epidemiological surveillance programmes are quickly becoming indispensable tools for Public Health.