Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mosquitoes as carriers of disease – Reunion'
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Weinstein, Philip. "Changing representations of mosquito borne disease risk in Reunion." University of Western Australia. European Languages and Studies Discipline Group. French Studies, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0174.
Full textFenoff, Roy S. "A survey of Wyoming mosquitoes for vectors of dog heartworm." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317326331&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textHugo, Riel Leon Eklund. "Evaluation of methodologies for determining the age structure and survivorship of Ochlerotatus vigilax and other medically important mosquito vector species in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18159.pdf.
Full textHurst, Timothy Parker. "Evaluation of Australian native fish and lavicides for the integrated control of freshwater mosquito vectors /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18164.pdf.
Full textModelski, Kimberly A. "Comparison of climatic conditions and mosquito abundances in New Castle County, Delaware." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 3.25 Mb., 229 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435830.
Full textSchmeisser, Glen A. "Location of the insect binding specificity domain of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis 128 kDa toxin." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897503.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Robinson, Mary J. "Cloning a mosquitocidal fragment of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and location of the insect binding specificity domain of the 130 kDa toxin gene." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774740.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Russell, Brenda Lurline. "Factors preventing the metabolism of carbohydrates by Bacillus sphaericus 2362." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45179.
Full textMaster of Science
Leung, Lai-king. "Are health-education programmes effective in improving knowledge of and compliance with non-pharmacological measures against mosquito-borne disease?" Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40721073.
Full textLewis, Lynn Owens. "Surface proteins of the mosquito-pathogenic strains of Bacillus sphaericus." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77819.
Full text梁麗琼 and Lai-king Leung. "Are health-education programmes effective in improving knowledge of and compliance with non-pharmacological measures against mosquito-borne disease?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40721073.
Full textFrancis, Stephen Starko. "West Nile virus in Nevada : mosquito infection rates and weather /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1440921.
Full text"December, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-33). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
Goodfellow, Angela Mary. "Malaria vectors in an irrigated and in a rain-fed division of southern Sri Lanka." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82243.
Full textSilva, Gilcia Aparecida de Carvalho. "Estudos sobre a competencia vetorial de populações de mosquitos (Diptera, Culiciade) da região metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco e de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, para Dirofilaria immitis (Nematoda, Onchocercidae)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314470.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:43:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_GilciaAparecidadeCarvalho_D.pdf: 2420692 bytes, checksum: 389c3c5a059387fa98ae9be752bd8f0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: Mosquitos pertencentes aos gêneros Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia, Psorophora e Coquillettidia são susceptíveis à infecção por Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856), podendo transmitir o filarídeo aos cães e gatos. Os vetores de D. immitis no Brasil são conhecidos apenas nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e do Maranhão, fazendo-se necessária a investigação da susceptibilidade e da competência vetorial de espécies existentes nos demais Estados brasileiros. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade verificar a freqüência de infecção por D. immitis em cães domiciliados na Região Metropolitana do Recife, bem como avaliar a susceptibilidade e a competência vetorial de Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 e Ae. albopictus Skuse, 1894 provenientes de área endêmica e não endêmica para a transmissão desse filarídeo, em condições experimentais. A resposta imune humoral (melanização) apresentada pelos mosquitos expostos à infecção também foi avaliada. Para a realização do inquérito epidemiológico, 816 amostras de sangue canino foram coletadas nas áreas costeiras da Região Metropolitana do Recife e no município de Bezerros, agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. As amostras sangüíneas foram analisadas por meio de teste parasitológico para a pesquisa de microfilárias de D. immitis, utilizando-se o método modificado de Knott. Para a avaliação da competência vetorial Cx. Quinquefasciatus população RECIFE, Ae. aegypti populações RECIFE, UNICAMP e linhagem ROCKFELLER e Ae. albopictus população RECIFE foram criados em insetário sob condições controladas (28 '+ ou ¿' '1 GRAU C¿ e 80 ' + ou ¿' 5% de umidade relativa do ar). As fêmeas das espécies estudadas foram alimentadas com sangue canino contendo diferentes densidades de microfilárias de D. immitis, por meio de membrana artificial confeccionada com pele fresca de animal. Para Cx. quinquefasciatus, que é uma espécie ornitofílica, foi utilizada pele de codorna, e para Ae. aegypti e Ae. albopictus a membrana artificial foi confeccionada com pele de rato. Os resultados obtidos no estudo mostraram freqüência de 3,61%, 7,89% e 7,69% de cães infectados na Ilha de Itamaracá, Igarassu e Recife, respectivamente. Após as infecções experimentais, observou-se que a mortalidade de Cx. quinquefasciatus não foi influenciada pela exposição a diferentes densidades de microfilárias de D. immitis (F = 0,0615, p>0,05) e os índices encontrados variaram de 8,9% a 36,25%. Os índices de eficiência vetorial (IEV) apresentados por Cx. quinquefasciatus população RECIFE variaram de 7,8% a 56,5%. Em relação à razão de infecção, o maior índice foi encontrado no grupo de fêmeas expostas a densidade de 1913 microfilárias/ml, entretanto, não foi influenciado pela taxa de ingurgitamento das fêmeas (F=3,2937, p>0,05). Por meio de melanização, Cx. quinquefasciatus população RECIFE, limitou a intensidade do parasitismo, promovendo o equilíbrio da relação parasito-hospedeiro e deste modo passando a ser um excelente vetor de D. immitis na Região Metropolitana do Recife. Dentre as espécies de Aedes estudadas, verificou-se que a população RECIFE de Ae. aegypti apresentou maior mortalidade (70,7%) ao final dos experimentos, apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,01) em relação à linhagem ROCKFELLER, população UNICAMP e Ae. albopictus população RECIFE, que não diferiram entre si (p>0,05). Em relação ao índice de eficiência vetorial (IEV) foi detectado um índice de 7,4% para a linhagem ROCKFELLER e uma variação de 20,0% a 53,8% para as populações de Ae. aegypti e 25,2% para Ae. albopictus população RECIFE. O maior número de larvas de D. immitis infectantes na probóscide foi apresentado por Ae. albopictus população RECIFE, além de uma baixa mortalidade. Desta forma, esta população mostrou-se susceptível ao filarídeo e por apresentar baixa mortalidade, foi considerada como a melhor vetora. Ae. aegypti população RECIFE não apresentou reação de melanização e apresentou mortalidade acentuada, enquanto que Ae. aegypti população UNICAMP e linhagem ROCKFELLER mostraram-se refratárias à infecção por D. immitis
Abstract: Mosquitoes belong to the genus Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia, Psorophora and Coquillettidia are susceptible to infection of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) and some of them serve as vectors heartworm disease in dogs and cats. Although the potential vectors of canine heartworm in Brazil have been recorded only in Rio de Janeiro and Maranhão State and no more date are available. The objective of this study was to verify the frequency of heartworm infection in dogs in metropolitan region of Recife and also identify under experimental conditions their ability of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 and Ae. albopictus Skuse,1894 from enzootic and non enzootic areas to become infected with and transmit D. immitis. After the experimental infection of mosquitoes, the melanization response to larvae of D. immitis also was evaluated. The survey study were performed on a total of 816 dogs from costal areas of Metropolitan Region of Recife and Bezerros County, located in agreste area of Pernambuco State. Whole blood samples were collected from all animals and were examined for the presence of microfilariae of D. immitis by the modified Knott test. To verify the vector competence of Cx. quinquefasciatus RECIFE population, Ae. aegypti RECIFE, UNICAMP populations and also ROCKFELLER strain and Ae. albopictus RECIFE population, the mosquitoes were reared under constant insectary conditions (28 '+ or ¿' '1 DEGREE C¿ and 80 '+ or ¿' 5% relative humidity). Females mosquitoes, were exposed to blood¿s dog with diferents density of D. immitis microfilariae by artificial feeding apparatus made by fresh animal skin. For this puporse, ornithophilic Cx. quinquefasciatus was feeding by skin quail menbrane, and for the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus the artificial membrane was made by rat skin. The results of the survey study showed 3.61%, 7.89%, and 7.69% of heartworm infection frequency in dog from Itamaracá Island, Igarassu and the city of Recife respectively. The mortality of Cx. Quinquefasciatus RECIFE population observed in the vector competence study did not show influence of different density of microfilariae of D. immitis (F = 0.0615, p>0.05) and the mortality rate was 8.9% to 36.25%. The vector efficiency (VE) rates of Cx. quinquefasciatus RECIFE population were 7.8% to 56.5%. The higher infection rate was showed in females feeding with blood containing 1913 mf/ml, but no influence was observed in engorged females. The melanization response observed in Cx. quinquefasciatus was important for vector survival by limiting the number of larvae, acting as an important mechanism of parasitic-host interactions. The data indicate that the Cx. quinquefasciatus RECIFE population should is an excelent vector of D. immitis at metropolitan region of Recife. Significant difference (p<0.01) was observed in the mortality rates between the RECIFE population of Ae. aegypti, UNICAMP population, ROCKFELLER strain, and Ae. albopictus RECIFE population. Although no difference were observed between Ae. aegypti ROCKFELLER, UNICAMP and Ae. albopictus RECIFE population. The vector efficiency (VE) rates of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus RECIFE population were 7.4% to 53.8% and 25.2% respectively. Not only the high number of infective third stage larvae of D. immitis in mouth of mosquitoes but also low mortality was observed in Ae. albopictus RECIFE population. This data showed that this specie is the best vector of heartworm infection in the study area. No melanization response was observed in Ae. Aegypti RECIFE population but high mortality was reported. The UNICAMP population and ROCKFELLER strain of Ae. aegypti were refractory to infection to D. immitis
Doutorado
Doutor em Parasitologia
Hambrick, Bethany Lynn. "Population Dynamics and Community Structure of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Recorded in Denton, Texas from 2005 to 2015." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157552/.
Full textBoyd, Ann Marie. "Interactions between common vertebrate hosts and the mosquito vectors of Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses in urban Brisbane, South East Queensland, Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18059.pdf.
Full textCruz, Danilo Esdras Rocha. "Fauna de mosquiteiros (Diptera: Culicidae) em fragmento de caatinga no Alto Sertão Sergipano." Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4415.
Full textA família Culicidae apresenta grande importância em saúde pública por ser composta de insetos em sua maioria hematófagos, os quais podem veicular diversas doenças para o homem e demais vertebrados. O conhecimento sobre a fauna de culicídeos, além de gerar informações sobre as espécies que compõem o bioma Caatinga, permite conhecer espécies vetoras de patógenos fornecendo importantes ferramentas em caso de eventuais surtos epidêmicos na região. O bioma Caatinga ocupa cerca 55% de toda a região Nordeste, representando 11% da superfície do Brasil, e detém a posição de bioma menos conservado em relação à área total. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar levantamento da fauna de mosquitos, bem como análise de aspectos ecológicos para as espécies de adultos em duas áreas de Caatinga e espécies de imaturos em três criadouros semipermanentes de solo. O estudo foi realizado no município de Poço Redondo, situado no alto sertão sergipano, na unidade de conservação Monumento Natural Grota do Angico, sob o domínio exclusivo de Caatinga. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente em dois ambientes de Caatinga das 17 às 20 horas através de armadilha de Shannon para adultos, e em três criadouros de solo utilizando metodologia de concha para coleta de larvas. Para análise de aspectos ecológicos foram utilizados os índices de diversidade de Shannon, equitabilidade de Pielou, dominância de Berger-Parker e escalonamento multidimensional não métrico (NMDS) para composição de espécies. No total foram coletados 1788 espécimes entre adultos e imaturos, distribuídos em dez gêneros, Aedes, Aedomyia, Anopheles, Coquilettidia, Culex, Haemagogus, Mansonia, Ochlerotatus, Psorophora e Uranotaenia e 21 espécies. Os adultos somaram 583 exemplares, sendo 268 na Caatinga arbustiva e 315 na Caatinga arbórea, as espécies dominantes foram Mansonia (Man) indubitans e Ochlerotatus (Och) scapularis, a composição de espécies e a abundância não diferiram entre as áreas, no entanto a Caatinga arbórea apresentou maior riqueza de espécies. Em relação aos imaturos, no criadouro sede foi capturado maior número de espécimes (N=590), seguido do criadouro cancela (N= 436) e os menores valores no criadouro trilha (N= 179). A composição das espécies não variou entre as áreas, as espécies dominantes para imaturos foram Anopheles (Nys) albitarsis e Culex (Cx) chidesteri. A presença de espécies com importância vetorial, dentre elas algumas com capacidade de adaptação ao ambiente antropizado, aliada ao déficit de conhecimento sobre os mosquitos da Caatinga sugerem continuidade de estudos para evitar que quadros epidemiológicos possam se instalar na unidade de conservação Monumento Natural Grota do Angico.
Jardine, Andrew. "The impact of dryland salinity on Ross River virus in south-western Australia : an ecosystem health perspective." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0182.
Full textKoekemoer, Lizette Leonie. "Systematic studies on the Anopheles funestes (Diptera: Culcidae) group in southern Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10476.
Full textCaldwell, Nathan David. "Seasonal abundance of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) at a high and low prevalence site for La Crosse encephalitis in eastern Tennessee." 2004. http://etd.utk.edu/2004/CaldwellNathan.pdf.
Full textTitle from title page screen (viewed Feb. 2, 2005). Thesis advisor: Reid R. Gerhardt. Document formatted into pages (xiii, 110 p. : ill., maps). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-109).
Abdulla-Khan, Rehana. "A survey of the Anopheline mosquito fauna of Botswana, with special reference to the malaria vectors." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20555.
Full textThis study was initiated in order to determine the identities and distribution patterns of the anopheline fauna, more especially the malaria vectors, in regions of Botswana prone to malaria epidemics. Field samples collected from Shakawe, Maun and Kasane over three consecutive years were subjected to morphological, cytogenetic, isoenzyme and PCR analyses. The results established that Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus were the predominant vector species.
Li, Xiaohong. "Epidemiological implications of sporozoite aggregation in malaria vectors /." 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/6813.
Full textSanders, David M. "Survey of mosquitoes in high and low incidence areas for West Nile virus in Shelby County, Tennessee with assessment of parity rates, host selection, and seasonal abundance /." 2005. http://etd.utk.edu/2005/SandersDavid.pdf.
Full textTitle from title page screen (viewed on July 13, 2005). Thesis advisor: Reid R. Gerhardt. Document formatted into pages (xii, 77 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-76).
Little, Eliza Anastazia Hazel. "The influence of climate and socio-ecological factors on invasive mosquito vectors in the Northeastern US: Assessing risk of local arboviral transmission." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8MC9B90.
Full textLiu, Rongsong. "Transmission dynamics and spatial spread of vector borne diseases : modelling, prediction and control /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19847.
Full textTypescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-132). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19847
Suleman, Mohammad. "Epidemiology of malaria in Punjab, Pakistan : a case study in a rural community near Lahore." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9387.
Full textHaddow, Andrew Douglas. "The epidemiology of La Crosse virus in Tennessee and West Virginia." 2009. http://etd.utk.edu/2009/Spring2009Dissertations/HaddowAndrewDouglas.pdf.
Full textRoldan, Josiah Javier. "West Nile virus : forecasting models for a resurging vector-borne disease in Arizona, U.S.A." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35783.
Full textGraduation date: 2013
Shieh, Jong-Neng. "Influence of host anemia on blood-feeding rate and egg production of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera : Culicidae)." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36584.
Full textGraduation date: 1992
Obala, Andrew Ambogo. "Malaria vector populations associated with the agricultural development at Mamfene, Northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10331.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1995.
Ukawuba, Israel Uchenna. "Use of climate in a simple entomological framework to improve dynamic simulation and forecast of malaria transmission." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-x4mv-8n52.
Full textMathebula, Dephney. "Multi-Scale Modelling of Vector-Borne Diseases." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1252.
Full textDepartment of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
In this study, we developed multiscale models of vector-borne diseases. In general, the transmission of vector-borne diseases can be considered as falling into two categories, i.e. direct transmission and environmental transmission. Two representative vector-borne diseases, namely; malaria which represents all directly transmitted vector-borne diseases and schistosomiasis which represents all environmentally transmitted vector-borne diseases were studied. Based on existing mathematical modelling science base, we established a new multiscale modelling framework that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of vector-borne diseases treatment and preventive interventions. The multiscale models consisted of systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which were studied for the provision of solutions to the underlying problem of the disease transmission dynamics. Relying on the fact that there is still serious lack of knowledge pertaining to mathematical techniques for the representation and construction of multiscale models of vector-bone diseases, we have developed some grand ideas to placate this gap. The central idea in multiscale modelling is to divide a modelling problem such as a vector-bone disease system into a family of sub-models that exist at different scales and then attempt to study the problem at these scales while simultaneously linking the sub-models across these scales. For malaria, we formulated the multiscale models by integrating four submodels which are: (i) a sub-model for the mosquito-to-human transmission of malaria parasite, (ii) a sub-model for the human-to-mosquito transmission of malaria parasite, (iii) a within-mosquito malaria parasite population dynamics sub-model and (iv) a within-human malaria parasite population dynamics sub-model. For schistosomiasis, we integrated the two subsystems (within-host and between-host sub-models) by identifying the within-host and between-host variables and parameters associated with the environmental dynamics of the pathogen and then designed a feedback of the variables and parameters across the within-host and between-host sub-models. Using a combination of analytical and computational tools we adequately accounted for the influence of the sub-models in the different multiscale models. The multiscale models were then used to evaluate the effectiveness of the control and prevention interventions that operate at different scales of a vector-bone disease system. Although the results obtained in this study are specific to malaria and schistosomiasis, the multiscale modelling frameworks developed are robust enough to be applicable to other vector-borne diseases.
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Bloemer, J. Marie Murray Kristy O. Delclos George L. Beasley R. Palmer Bueno Rudy. "Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Dengue virus in Harris county : an estimate of risk." 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1467337.
Full textRamutsa, Brenda Nyeverwai. "Integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge in community-based early warning system development for climate-related malaria risk reduction in Mopani District of South Africa." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1520.
Full textDepartment of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences
Malaria is a climate-change concatenated biological hazard that may, like any other natural hazard, can lead to a disaster if there is a failure in handling emergencies or risks. A holistic solution for malaria mitigation can be provided when indigenous knowledge is complemented with scientific knowledge. Malaria remains a challenge in South Africa and Limpopo province is the highest burdened malaria-endemic region. Specifically, Vhembe District is the highest burdened followed by Mopani District (Raman et al., 2016). This research sought to mitigate malaria transmissions in Mopani District through the integration of indigenous and scientific knowledge. The study was carried out in Mopani District of South Africa and 4 municipalities were involved. These are Ba-Phalaborwa, Greater Tzaneen, Greater Letaba, and Maruleng. A pragmatism philosophy was adopted hence the study took a mixed approach (sequential multiphase design). Data was collected from 381 selected participants through in-depth interviews, a survey and a focus group discussion. Participants for the in-depth interviews were obtained through snowballing and selected randomly for the survey, while for the focus group discussion purposive sampling was used. The study applied constructivist grounded theory to analyze qualitative data and to generate theory. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 was used for quantitative data. Based on empirical findings, it was concluded that temperature and rainfall among other various factors exacerbate malaria transmission in the study area. Results of the study also show that people in Mopani District predict the malaria season onset by forecasting rainfall using various indigenous knowledge based indicators. The rainfall indicators mentioned by participants in the study were used in the developed early warning system. An Early warning system is an essential tool that builds the capacities of communities so that they can reduce their vulnerability to hazards or disasters. In the design of the system, Apache Cordova, JDK 1.8, Node JS, and XAMPP software were used. The study recommends malaria management and control key stakeholders to adopt the developed early warning system as a further mitigation strategy to the problem of malaria transmission in Mopani District.
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