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Journal articles on the topic 'Mosquito'
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1
Nirwan, Muhammad, Upik Kesumawati Hadi, Susi Soviana, Surachmi Setyaningsih, and Fadjar Satrija. "Potensi Nyamuk Sebagai Vektor Di Daerah Endemik Filariasis Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat." ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-Borne Diseases Studies 15, no. 1 (2024): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.58623/aspirator.v15i1.76.
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Mosquitoe vectors of filariasis must have a long life so that the parasite can complete its life cycle in the mosquito’s body. Mosquitoes with high parity are generally more at risk of transmitting pathogens, as they have made more bites on hosts that have the potential to carry the infection. This study aims to detect the potential of mosquito vectors by calculating the parity number and examining the causative agent in the mosquito’s body. Mosquito parity examination was based on the results of mosquito ovary dissecting during a capture period. Detection of the causative agent was carried out by dissecting tecnique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that the parity rate of mosquitoes caught in Tamansari Village and Cimanggis Village was very high (>80%). Detectionof the causative agent using surgical and PCR methods did not find any L3 larvae and microfilariae in the examined mosquitoes.
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Niang, El Hadji Amadou, Hubert Bassene, Florence Fenollar, and Oleg Mediannikov. "Biological Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases: The Potential ofWolbachia-Based Interventions in an IVM Framework." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018 (November 15, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1470459.
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People living in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world face an enormous health burden due to mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and filariasis. Historically and today, targeting mosquito vectors with, primarily, insecticide-based control strategies have been a key control strategy against major mosquito-borne diseases. However, the success to date of such approaches is under threat from multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms while vector control (VC) options are still limited. The situation therefore requires the development of innovative control measures against major mosquito-borne diseases. Transinfecting mosquitos with symbiotic bacteria that can compete with targeted pathogens or manipulate host biology to reduce their vectorial capacity are a promising and innovative biological control approach. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge about the association between mosquitoes andWolbachia, emphasizing the limitations of different mosquito control strategies and the use of mosquitoes’ commensal microbiota as innovative approaches to control mosquito-borne diseases.
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Ufuktepe, Unal. "Discrete Wolbachia Diffusion in Mosquito Populations with Allee Effects." European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 15, no. 4 (2022): 1613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29020/nybg.ejpam.v15i4.4524.
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We study stability analysis of a discrete-time dynamical system of Wolbachia diffusion in mosquito populations with Allee effects on the wild mosquito population. We analyze the competition between released mosquitoes and wild mosquitos. We show local and global stabilities of the fixed points, and type of bifurcations with respect to parameters. The results are verified by numerical simulations.
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Naeni, dkk, Eka, Ima Amrizal, Dian. "BENDEL KESLINGMAS NO 121 TAHUN 2014." Buletin Keslingmas 33, no. 121 (2014): 1–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v33i121.3004.
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Malaria is one of the health problems cause of death. Mosquito longevity is an important factor to estimate the transmission. How to estimate the age of the mosquitoes with the condition of mosquito ovaries. The reseach was conducted in the seven villages malaria endemic of Banyumas Regency that is Karangsalam village, Karanggintung, Ketanda, Bogangin, Selanegara, Banjarpanepen and Watuagung to know about describe the lifetime of the mosquito Anopheles Spp in the seven villages malaria endemic, describing delatasi, parity rate, life chances and the age estimation of mosquito Anopheles Spp. The method used is descriptive by describe te lifetime of the mosquito Anopheles Spp. The data used in this research is a secondary data obtained from health center and the BPS Banyumas regency. The result showed the age estimation of Anopheles Spp mosquitos in the seven village malaria endemic that is Karangsalam, Ketanda, Selanegara, Banjarpanepen and Watuagung unknown. In the Karanggintung village the age estimation An. balabacensis mosquito is 4,24 days, whereas in the Bogangin village the age estimation An. vagus mosquito is 2,16 days. Conclusion from the research is illustration lifetime Anopheles Spp in the seven village malaria endemic is overall obatained the age estimation highest of 4,24 days is An. balabacensis mosquito. So, An. balabacensis mosquito have the ability to live in the wild longer than other Anophles Spp mosquitos were found. From the result expected for the government to increase attention to the case of malaria, especially in malaria endemic areas.
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Lengkey, Dave R., A. J. Podung, M. J. Nangoy, and M. Th Lapian. "GENERA NYAMUK (CULICIDAE) DALAM KANDANG SEBAGAI VEKTOR PENYAKIT JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS PADA TERNAK BABI DI DESA TOLOK KECAMATAN TOMPASO KABUPATEN MINAHASA." ZOOTEC 39, no. 2 (2019): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.39.2.2019.25725.
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MOSQUITOS GENERA (CULICIDAE) IN CAGE AS A VECTOR OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS IN PIGS IN THE TOLOK VILLAGE, TOMPASO DISTRICT, MINAHASA DISTRICT This study aims to determine the diversity and density of the population and the time of mosquito activity (Culicidae) in the pig pen. This reserch was carried out in the Tolok Village, Tompaso District, Minahasa Regency for 2 (two) months at 2 (two) cage locations namely cage I (distance I cage withe house less than 10 m) and enclosure II (more than 50 m). This research uses the observation method by collecting mosquito samples every 2 (two) hours on the light trap placed in each cage. Samples were collected from 18.00-06.00, at each location replicated 3 (three) times with an invoice of two weeks, the samples collected are identified and counted. The results showed diversity of cage mosquitoes I and II each found 3 genera namely Culex, Anopheles, and Armigeres. Population density of cage I was found 128 individual mosquitoes consisting of Culex 104 tails, Anopheles 20 tails, and Armigeres 4. Cage II found 46 mosquitos individuals consisting of Culex 40, Anopheles 5, Armigeres 1. Hours 22.00-24.00 is the highest time of mosquito activity obtained from the highest number of mosquito catches, which were 48 in cage I and 18 in cage II. Based on the results and discussions, it was concluded that mosquito diversity in the Tolok Village 3 genus Culex, Anopheles, and Armigeres while the highest mosquito population density was at the cage location closest to the breeder house and its activity was highest at 22.00-24.00. Keyword: Mosquito, pig livestock, activity, density, diversity
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Rettob, Thesia Megi Kurniawati, Edieli Zebua, Ilham Saputra Butar-butar, Febiola Gabriela Tular, and Yermia S. Mokosuli. "The Utilization Of Beehive Wax a Combination of Nutmeg Extract (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) and Langsat (Lansium domesticum L.) as Aromatherapy and Mosquito Repellent." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 3 (2021): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i3.2938.
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Mosquitoes often being the vector of some diseases, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever. To prevent these diseases vectored by mosquitoes, we could use mosquito repellent. But based on some research, these mosquito repellents on the market contain some dangerous chemicals, for example, Dichlorvos, Porpoxure, and synthetic pyrethroid. These kinds of chemicals can cause some side effects that are not good for health, ranging from headaches, nausea, to cancer and organ dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to have a mosquito repellent that is safer for health with minimal side effects. This research is an experimental type of research that aimed to determine the effectiveness of anti-mosquito in the form of an aromatherapy candle made of the beehive with the consistency of pala pulp extract and langsat seed extract. Pala pulp extract and langsat seed extract were obtained from the maceration method and then processed by Rotary Evaporator.ÃÂ The concentrations used are Pala pulp extract: langsat seed extract. I: 0,5gr:0,25gr, II: 5gr:2,5gr. Both of the concentrations will be blend into 200gr of solid candle that will be melt. A test was made on some adult mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are being bred. The mosquitoes were placed on a cage that had been build by the researchers first. The measurement scale on this research is the mortality rate of the mosquitoes counted from the second we light up the anti-mosquito aromatherapy candle. There are two types of data analysis on this research, includes the anti-mosquito test and organoleptic test. The first concentration test's result shows that there is a very minimal effect on the mosquitoes. when the test was run, there were five adult mosquitoes inside the cage, an observation was done for 10 minutes counted from the time the candle was lit up. At the first 2 minutes 10 seconds, there is 1 mosquito that died, and the rest of the time for 10 minutes there was no other ÃÂ mosquito died. The second concentration test's result shows a really big impact on the mortality rate of the mosquito. There were seven adult mosquitoes inside the cage when the test was run. And for 10 minutes, 6 mosquitos died. This means that the second concentration was the most effective amount of the concentration to apply on the candle. Hopefully, the result of this research could be useful for society in terms of environment-friendly anti- mosquito usage.
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Benaya Yamin Onesiforus, Elisa Rinihapsari, Timotius Ando Yordan, and Titania Constance. "Perbandingan Efektivitas Seduhan Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya Linn) Dengan Temephos 1% Sebagai Biolarvasida Nyamuk Culex sp." USADA NUSANTARA : Jurnal Kesehatan Tradisional 1, no. 2 (2023): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47861/usd.v1i2.944.
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Mosquitoes are group of insect with an impact to human health. Female mosquito has a habit of blood feding for maturing their eggs after mating. Mosquito-borne diseases might be transmitted during their blood sucking activity. Filariasis is a mosquito-borne diseases which has plagued Indonesia since long time and can still be found in the east part of Indonesia. Therefore mosquitoe population control had been an important issue in Indonesia.. Larvacides application is one of the most effective method to control mosquitoes spread by cutting their life cycle. Larvicides can be either synthetic or natural. One of the natural materials that can be used as larvicide is papaya leaves. This study objective was to compare the effectiveness of papaya leave and temephos 1% in killing mosquito larvae. This type of research is experimental with purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis statistical test and Mann Whitney posthoc test. The results indicate a significant difference (p<0.05) in effectiveness between temephos and pineapple peel steeping concentration with temephos 1% has better the effectiveness as mosquitoes larvicide than pineapple peel steeping..
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Ahmad, Kanij, and Shamsul Arefin. "An Implementation of Sustainable Solar Powered Mosquito Trap Device." DIU Journal of Science & Technology 18, no. 1 (2024): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13831359.
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Mosquito control is an ongoing problem that must be constantly monitored and achieved. This is due to the creature's ability to transmit a variety of deadly diseases, and mosquitoes kill one million people each vear. Traditional insecticide and bug zapper prevention methods are ineffective and have an adverse effect on the environment in a diverse range of ways, including the extinction of beneficial insects, mosquito biological evolution, and climate change. A solar-powered mosquito trap is developed in this study to attract mosquitos into the trap by sucking them toward a shock net while they are drawn to an SMD LED light.
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Sanket, Kakde* Sachin Chalge Sumit Chankhore Om Chankhore Vishal Lande Madan Chankhore Dr. Shivshankar Mhaske Vinod Chaware. "Evaluation And Preparation for Repellent of Mosquito Agarbatti." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 6 (2025): 118–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15570090.
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Currently the use of synthetic mosquito repellent chemicals has several issues related to environment and human health. This project was formulated and developed to have safer mosquito repellent free from carcinogenic chemicals and are significantly cheaper and simple to develop. Dried powdered herbs like acorus, pyrethrum flower head, camphor, benzoin, neem leaves were used to make mosquito repellent formulation. The powdered blend were mixed with binders and additives like joss powder, charcoal powder. The solid formulation was rolled in the form of incense sticks. Further to add value, it was later scented with essential oil like lemongrass oil and dried. The incense sticks when ignited releases vapours with a pleasant fragrance and herbs which repels the mosquitoes. The incense sticks was tested for its potency by burning near the mosquito net cage with sufficient mosquitoes. The sticks also distributed to random peoples for feedback and were deemed to be very effective in controlling the mosquitos.
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Madeira, Sara, Rui Bernardino, Hugo Costa Osório, and Fernando Boinas. "Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Fauna of a Zoological Park in an Urban Setting: Analysis of Culex pipiens s.l. and Their Biotypes." Insects 15, no. 1 (2024): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15010045.
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Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are important emerging diseases that affect humans and animals. Zoological parks can work as early warning systems for the occurrence of MBDs. In this study, we characterized the mosquito fauna captured inside Lisbon Zoo from May 2018 to November 2019. An average of 2.4 mosquitos per trap/night were captured. Five mosquito species potentially causing MBDs, including Culex pipiens biotypes, were found in the zoo. The sympatric occurrence of Culex pipiens biotypes represents a risk factor for the epizootic transmission of West Nile virus and Usutu virus. The mosquito occurrence followed the expected seasonality, with the maximum densities during summer months. However, mosquito activity was detected in winter months in low numbers. The minimum temperature and the relative humidity (RH) on the day of capture showed a positive effect on Culex pipiens abundance. Contrary, the RH the week before capture and the average precipitation the week of capture had a negative effect. No invasive species were identified, nor have flaviviruses been detected in the mosquitoes. The implementation of biosecurity measures regarding the hygiene of the premises and the strict control of all the animals entering the zoo can justify the low prevalence of mosquitoes and the absence of flavivirus-infected mosquitoes.
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Purnama, Uwan, and Fahrauk Faramayuda. "REVIEW: PLANTS WITH REPELLENT ACTIVITY." Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian 9, no. 4 (2024): 1137–48. https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v9i4.1174.
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Mosquitoes are vectors of illnesses, such as encephalitis, dengue, filariasis, intestinal sickness, and encephalitis. These diseases have become epidemics in Indonesia and around the world. Natural repellents are alternatives for preventing mosquito-borne diseases that are safe, easily degradable, and eco-friendly. This review aimed to identify compounds in plants with mosquito repellent activity. Data were obtained from national and international journals using search platforms, including PubMed, Scholar, SciDirect, and Hindawi. This review focuses on plants with repellent activity, their resulting repellent activity, the content of bioactive compounds, and the mosquito species used. Many plants contain naturally occurring compounds that can repel mosquitoes. Following scientific research, 14 bioactive compounds have been shown to have repellent activity in plants. Keywords: repellent, volatile oil, mosquitos, bioactive compounds, narrative literature review
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Diouf, Gorgui, Momar Talla Seck, Assane Guèye Fall, et al. "Effectiveness of a New Self-Marking Technique in Aedes aegypti under Laboratory Conditions." Insects 13, no. 4 (2022): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13040379.
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In the implementation of mosquito control strategy programs using Sterile Insect Technique and other rear and release strategies, knowledge on the dispersion, competitiveness and survival of mosquitos is considered essential. To assess these parameters, marking techniques are generally used to differentiate colony mosquitoes from wild ones. Most of the existing mosquito marking methods require numerous manipulations that can impact their quality. In this study, we have developed a self-marking technique that can reduce the damage associated with mosquito handling. The marking technique consisted of adding fluorescent powder (DayGlo: A-17-N Saturn yellow) directly to the surface water of the receptacle containing Aedes aegypti male pupae. Different quantities of powder were used, and marking efficacy, powder persistence and mosquito survival were assessed. The results show a mean marking rate of 98 ± 1.61%, and the probability of marking increased significantly (p < 0.001) with increasing concentrations of fluorescent powder. Fluorescent powder persisted up to 20 days and did not induce a negative effect on mosquito survival (χ2 = 5.3, df = 7, p = 0.63). In addition, powder transfer did not occur between marked and unmarked populations. This marking method significantly reduces human intervention and mosquito handling during the marking process, improving the quality of marked mosquitoes used to assess SIT programs.
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Kumar, Pramod, Rohit Kumar Bijauliya, Balbir Singh, Priti Yadav, and Wasim Ahmed Khan. "Formulation and Evaluation of Essential Oil Encapsulated Mosquito Repellent Gel." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 1 (2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i1.5265.
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Mosquitoes can be found in almost every country. Many mosquito repellents have been introduced to the market in order to combat them. The mosquitos, on the other hand, developed a resistance to them. Not only that, but users are experiencing a variety of known and unknown negative side effects. As a result, a poly herbal insect repellent gel has been developed in an attempt to give dependable, long-lasting, and full protection from mosquito bites by destroying them. Three essential oils were included in the formulation of the mosquito repellent gel, as well as polymers such as tween 80, span 20, Carbopol 934, and triethanolamine. They were assessed based on their actions. Spreadibility, viscosity, swelling index, and mosquito repellent activity were used to evaluate the prepared mosquito repellent gel. As acceptance criterion, all parameters received favorable responses. The rheological study and mosquito repellent activity are highly correlated. Although the results of the current trials are promising, there is still room for more pharmacokinetic research.
 Keywords: Essential Oil, Emulsion Formulations, Gel, Mosquito Repellent Activity
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Ramos-Nino, Maria E., Gregory Anash, Daniel M. Fitzpatrick, Julie A. Dragon, and Sonia Cheetham. "Antiviral RNAi Mechanisms to Arboviruses in Mosquitoes: microRNA Profile of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus from Grenada, West Indies." Applied Microbiology 2, no. 2 (2022): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol2020029.
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Mosquito-borne arboviruses, such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus and yellow fever virus, impose a tremendous cost on the health of populations around the world. As a result, much effort has gone into the study of the impact of these viruses on human infections. Comparatively less effort, however, has been made to study the way these viruses interact with mosquitoes themselves. As ingested arboviruses infect their midgut and subsequently other tissue, the mosquito mounts a multifaceted innate immune response. RNA interference, the central intracellular antiviral defense mechanism in mosquitoes and other invertebrates can be induced and modulated through outside triggers (small RNAs) and treatments (transgenesis or viral-vector delivery). Accordingly, modulation of this facet of the mosquito’s immune system would thereby suggest a practical strategy for vector control. However, this requires a detailed understanding of mosquitoes’ endogenous small RNAs and their effects on the mosquito and viral proliferation. This paper provides an up-to-date overview of the mosquito’s immune system along with novel data describing miRNA profiles for Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasiatus in Grenada, West Indies.
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Saputra, Dian, Fauziah Rahmawati, Devia Khoirun Nisa, and Astried Hanggana Putri. "Mosquito Trap In The Laboratory Of FMIPA UNY'S Biological Garden To Reduce Mosquito Disorders." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat MIPA dan Pendidikan MIPA 3, no. 2 (2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpmmp.v3i2.25286.
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Mosquitoes are animals that are very often found in everyday life. Starting from the home environment, to the school environment. Mosquitoes are also animals that can carry various diseases. The FMIPA UNY Biology Garden Laboratory is overgrown with trees and there is a pool of water from several ponds that are deliberately made. That is what makes mosquitoes like the environment that is included in their habitat. At the UNY Biology Garden Laboratory, which is one of the student learning locations, mosquitoes are found flying and sometimes disrupting learning activities because they can stab and cause itching. The disturbance is feared to cause mosquito-borne diseases in students who are active in biology gardens. So that mosquito traps are made that are modified and adapted to the needs and location of the target. The tool made is a simple mosquito trap that utilizes a pool of water from a fish pond and a net from mesh or paranet cloth. The target place is the FMIPA UNY Biology Garden Laboratory, especially the pool area. While the target is the larvae or seeds of mosquitoes left by the mother. It is expected that the mosquitoes will perch on the paranet to lay eggs, then the eggs will fall down and will be eaten by fish. This is in addition to reducing the growth of mosquitoes, it can also be used for alternative food for fish, which can reduce spending to buy fish feed. Key words: mosquitos, trap
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Yang, Cihan, Fei Wang, Doudou Huang, et al. "Vector competence and immune response of Aedes aegypti for Ebinur Lake virus, a newly classified mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 7 (2022): e0010642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010642.
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The global impact of mosquito-borne diseases has increased significantly over recent decades. Ebinur Lake virus (EBIV), a newly classified orthobunyavirus, is reported to be highly pathogenic in adult mice. The evaluation of vector competence is essential for predicting the arbovirus transmission risk. Here, Aedes aegypti was applied to evaluate EBIV infection and dissemination in mosquitos. Our experiments indicated that Ae. aegypti had the possibility to spread EBIV (with a transmission rate of up to 11.8% at 14 days post-infection) through biting, with the highest viral dose in a single mosquito’s saliva reaching 6.3 plaque-forming units. The highest infection, dissemination and ovary infection rates were 70%, 42.9%, and 29.4%, respectively. The high viral infection rates in Ae. aegypti ovaries imply the possibility of EBIV vertical transmission. Ae. aegypti was highly susceptible to intrathoracic infection and the saliva-positive rate reached 90% at 10 days post-infection. Transcriptomic analysis revealed Toll and Imd signaling pathways were implicated in the mosquito’s defensive response to EBIV infection. Defensin C and chitinase 10 were continuously downregulated in mosquitoes infected via intrathoracic inoculation of EBIV. Comprehensive analysis of the vector competence of Ae. aegypti for EBIV in laboratory has indicated the potential risk of EBIV transmission through mosquitoes. Moreover, our findings support a complex interplay between EBIV and the immune system of mosquito, which could affect its vector competence.
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Abdullahi, Jibril Muhammad, Musa M. Dogara, Kamoru A. Adeniyi, Joshua B. Balogun, Hassan, M. Ibrahim, and Abduljalil, I. Idris. "Assessment of Indoor and Outdoor Resting Adult Female Mosquitoes Density Exhibiting Vectorial Portent, Insight from Kano State, Nigeria." Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA 2, no. 2 (2024): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2024-0202-08.
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Mosquito proliferation has been on the increase in most communities of Kano State, leading to a high rate of mosquito-borne diseases, pregnant women, and infant mortality. Mosquitoes spend the daytime resting in human dwellings, frequent survey of these mosquitoes is needed in vector control for breaking disease transmission. Despite this, data on mosquitos’ density are frequently missing. In this study, we have collected and identified all samples of indoor and outdoor resting mosquito species to assess female density. A longitudinal survey was carried out in three different sentinel sites (Darmanawa, Wudil, and Baba Ruga) for the period of 6 months (August 2023 to March 2024). Indoor mosquitoes were collected using the pyrethrum spray Method, while the outdoor mosquitoes were collected using a cardboard box. The knockdown mosquitoes were transported to the laboratory for identification, using a digital LCD microscope to gender and species level with the aid of different taxonomic guides. A total of one thousand and five (1005) female mosquitoes belonging to 5 genera and 21 species were caught. The result showed a significant influence (p < 0.05) of species, months, resting behavior, and season on the density of adult female mosquitoes while collection sites do not influence adult female mosquitoes (p > 0.05). We concluded that adult female mosquitos’ density is affected by species, months of the year, resting behavior, and season, as well as the high density of An. gambiae and Cx. quinnquefasciatus recorded is a bio-portent of malaria and filariasis spotlight in these communities.
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Lahondère, Chloé, Clément Vinauger, Ryo P. Okubo, et al. "The olfactory basis of orchid pollination by mosquitoes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 1 (2019): 708–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910589117.
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Mosquitoes are important vectors of disease and require sources of carbohydrates for reproduction and survival. Unlike host-related behaviors of mosquitoes, comparatively less is understood about the mechanisms involved in nectar-feeding decisions, or how this sensory information is processed in the mosquito brain. Here we show thatAedesspp. mosquitoes, includingAedes aegypti, are effective pollinators of thePlatanthera obtusataorchid, and demonstrate this mutualism is mediated by the orchid’s scent and the balance of excitation and inhibition in the mosquito’s antennal lobe (AL). TheP. obtusataorchid emits an attractive, nonanal-rich scent, whereas relatedPlatantheraspecies—not visited by mosquitoes—emit scents dominated by lilac aldehyde. Calcium imaging experiments in the mosquito AL revealed that nonanal and lilac aldehyde each respectively activate the LC2 and AM2 glomerulus, and remarkably, the AM2 glomerulus is also sensitive to N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), a mosquito repellent. Lateral inhibition between these 2 glomeruli reflects the level of attraction to the orchid scents. Whereas the enriched nonanal scent ofP. obtusataactivates the LC2 and suppresses AM2, the high level of lilac aldehyde in the other orchid scents inverts this pattern of glomerular activity, and behavioral attraction is lost. These results demonstrate the ecological importance of mosquitoes beyond operating as disease vectors and open the door toward understanding the neural basis of mosquito nectar-seeking behaviors.
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Lei, Bingyin, Kaiye Gao, Li Yang, and Shu Fang. "A Model of Optimal Interval for Anti-Mosquito Campaign Based on Stochastic Process." Mathematics 10, no. 3 (2022): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10030440.
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Mosquito control is very important, in particular, for tropical countries. The purpose of mosquito control is to decrease the number of mosquitos such that the mosquitos transmitted diseases can be reduced. However, mosquito control can be costly, thus there is a trade-off between the cost for mosquito control and the cost for mosquitos transmitted diseases. A model is proposed based on renewal theory in this paper to describe the process of mosquitos’ growth, with consideration of the mosquitos transmitted diseases growth process and the corresponding diseases treatment cost. Through this model, the total mosquitos control cost of different strategies can be estimated. The optimal mosquito control strategy that minimizes the expected total cost is studied. A numerical example and corresponding sensitivity analyses are proposed to illustrate the applications.
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Huang, Wei, Janneth Rodrigues, Etienne Bilgo, et al. "Delftia tsuruhatensis TC1 symbiont suppresses malaria transmission by anopheline mosquitoes." Science 381, no. 6657 (2023): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adf8141.
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Malaria control demands the development of a wide range of complementary strategies. We describe the properties of a naturally occurring, non–genetically modified symbiotic bacterium, Delftia tsuruhatensis TC1, which was isolated from mosquitoes incapable of sustaining the development of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. D. tsuruhatensis TC1 inhibits early stages of Plasmodium development and subsequent transmission by the Anopheles mosquito through secretion of a small-molecule inhibitor. We have identified this inhibitor to be the hydrophobic molecule harmane. We also found that, on mosquito contact, harmane penetrates the cuticle, inhibiting Plasmodium development. D. tsuruhatensis TC1 stably populates the mosquito gut, does not impose a fitness cost on the mosquito, and inhibits Plasmodium development for the mosquito’s life. Contained field studies in Burkina Faso and modeling showed that D. tsuruhatensis TC1 has the potential to complement mosquito-targeted malaria transmission control.
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Yagoo, Alex, M. C. John Milton, and Jelin Vilvest. "Investigating the Insecticidal Properties of Alangium salviifolium Root Extracts on Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoe." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 12, no. 2 (2023): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.619-624.
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This study evaluated the effectiveness of successive hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts of Alangium salviifolium roots in combating mosquito-borne diseases caused by Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoe in India. The hexane extract showed the highest efficacy with LC50 values of 105.0 ppm (larvicidal activity), 108.0 ppm (pupicidal activity), and 65.6 ppm (ovicidal activity). The chloroform extract had LC50 values of 156.8 ppm (larvicidal), 376.0 ppm (pupicidal), and 20.0 ppm (ovicidal), while the methanol extract had LC50 values of 235.7 ppm (larvicidal), 441.8 ppm (pupicidal), and 30.4 ppm (ovicidal). The hexane extract of A. salviifolium roots shows potential as a mosquito control agent, specifically against Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and effectiveness of this extract. This research highlights the potential of plant extracts as alternative mosquito control agents for mitigating mosquito-borne diseases in India.
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Wang, Tao, Zheng-Wei Fan, Yang Ji, et al. "Mapping the Distributions of Mosquitoes and Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in China." Viruses 14, no. 4 (2022): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040691.
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The geographic expansion of mosquitos is associated with a rising frequency of outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) worldwide. We collected occurrence locations and times of mosquito species, mosquito-borne arboviruses, and MBDs in the mainland of China in 1954−2020. We mapped the spatial distributions of mosquitoes and arboviruses at the county level, and we used machine learning algorithms to assess contributions of ecoclimatic, socioenvironmental, and biological factors to the spatial distributions of 26 predominant mosquito species and two MBDs associated with high disease burden. Altogether, 339 mosquito species and 35 arboviruses were mapped at the county level. Culex tritaeniorhynchus is found to harbor the highest variety of arboviruses (19 species), followed by Anopheles sinensis (11) and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (9). Temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, and mammalian richness were the three most important contributors to the spatial distributions of most of the 26 predominant mosquito species. The model-predicted suitable habitats are 60–664% larger in size than what have been observed, indicating the possibility of severe under-detection. The spatial distribution of major mosquito species in China is likely to be under-estimated by current field observations. More active surveillance is needed to investigate the mosquito species in specific areas where investigation is missing but model-predicted probability is high.
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Lee, Jeong-Hyeon, Hee-Il Lee, and Hyung-Wook Kwon. "Geographical Characteristics of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex orientalis Microbiomes in Korea." Insects 15, no. 3 (2024): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15030201.
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Mosquitoes, the primary vectors of arboviruses, harbor a diverse microbiome that plays a crucial role in their development, immunity, and vector competence. The composition of the mosquito microbiome is heavily influenced by the environment and habitats. Therefore, identifying the relationship between the habitat and the mosquito’s microbial community can improve the overall understanding of mosquito biology. However, The microbiome profiles of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex orientalis, known as transmission vectors of the Japanese encephalitis virus, are poorly understood. Using 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing, we hereby investigated the microbial profiles in these two mosquito species collected in several areas in the Republic of Korea. Thirty-six prevalent bacterial families were identified from these mosquito species. The microbial composition variations were primarily influenced by the mosquito collecting sites. Moreover, species biomarkers were identified by utilizing the regional specificity of the mosquito microbiome. Based on the microbiome profiles representing high similarity, Culex orientalis may share an ecological niche with Culex tritaeniorhynchus.
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Husin, Hasan. "ANALISIS KEPADATAN NYAMUK MENGGUNAKAN LIGHT TRAP PADA KEJADIAN MALARIA." JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 10, no. 2 (2018): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jmk.v10i2.331.
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Light Trap is a mosquito catcher by using light to trap mosquito into a research container. The study objective was to find out the relationship between the density of anopheles mosquitoes with malaria incidence in Taba Lagan Village, Central Bengkulu. This research is quasi-experiment with quantitative approach. The population of this study was all of mosquitos breeding place data and all of patients data who got treatment at community health centre of Tabalagan. Samples of the study were selected by using proportional random sampling. The results showed that the density of mosquitoes about 127 in cowshed which had some characteristics such as bigger size than another mosquito and they used to come out about 06.00 to 10.00 PM. There were 96 medium-sized mosquitoes at rubber plantation which had activity around 05.00 AM. While there were 38 small-sized mosquitoes which are living around cluster residents environment and usually bit human about 06.00 to 09.00 PM. In concluding, the largest number of anopheles mosquitoes was in cowshed (0.118%) with malaria cases of 6 people and who are living about 10 to 20 meters nearby cowshed.
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Segu, Bhagya, Nicole Auchter Riese, Kim Thien Hong Nguyen, Michael Leung, and Pat Segu. "Review: Ocular Complications of Mosquito-Transmitted Diseases." Canadian Journal of Optometry 80, no. 2 (2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.80.266.
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The World Health Organization estimates that 1 billion cases of infectious disease originate from vector transmission, resulting in several million deaths annually. Mosquitos are the primary vector for multiple diseases in humans that cause self-limiting to sight-threatening ocular complications and significant systemic illness. The 2015-2016 outbreak of the mosquito-borne Zika virus in North and South America brought to the forefront how quickly mosquitoes can spread disease between continents, especially among vulnerable patient populations. Optometrists should be familiar with the associated ocular complications in order to effectively diagnose, co-manage, treat, and educate patients who have been infected by mosquito-borne disease. This paper reviews the ocular manifestations of mosquito-transmitted diseases including Zika virus, West Nile virus, Malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, and Dirofilaria.
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Haroona, Atif, Tayyaba Yaseen, Aqarab Husnain, et al. "WATER RESOURCES HELPS İN THE EXPANSİON OF MOSQUİTOES COLONİES." Big Data In Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE) 1, no. 1 (2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/bdwre.01.2020.16.21.
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In Pakistan, water storage bodies are often the most plentiful and active habitats of immature stages of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are blood feeding type of vectors that bite a particular host and suck blood. As a result, these vectors transmit disease causing agents to the host system. The most common mosquitoes borne viral diseases in Pakistan are Chicken gunya, Dengue fever, west nile and Zika fever. These diseases are common in low and poor living standard areas. Death rate increases due to more attack of these fatal diseases. Mosquitoes breeding sites are water bodies, discarded tyres, water tanks, bottles, cups and ant traps. Various environmental agents i.e. temperature fluctuations and water resources, now increase the rate of mosquitos in most areas of Pakistan. There is a lack of basic medical education and knowledge about its pervention techniques in mosquito affected areas in Pakistan. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current status of emerging mosquito borne viral diseases in Pakistan, i.e. Chicken gunya, Dengue fever, est nile and Zika fever. There is more need of prevention strategies and understanding about factors involved in spreading of mosquito borne diseases.
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Faria, Farhana Rain, Faiz Md. Aslam Abu, Al-Amin Hasan Mohammad, and Alam Mohammad Shafiul. "MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MAJOR VECTOR MOSQUITOES OF BANGLADESH." Acta Entomologica Serbica 28, no. 2 (2023): 91–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10430964.
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Mosquito-borne diseases are considered major contributors to vector-borne diseases, threatening more than eighty per cent of the global population. Pest management depends on proper identification techniques. The barcode region of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene of mitochondrial DNA has recently been proposed as a systematic tool, functional in taxonomy and evolutionary study for species definition. This work is the first attempt to identify the main vector mosquito species from Bangladesh based on the MT-COI gene. Eleven vector mosquitos were identified. AT content (69%) was found to be higher than GC content (31%) at the COI barcode region of the mosquito. The interspecific genetic divergence range of medically important mosquitoes was 0.01-0.21. Haplotype analysis revealed that<em> Mansonia annulifera</em> diverged highly from its immediate ancestor by the highest mutational steps (59). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that species belonging to the same family were in the same major clade. Overall, our findings contribute to a better method of identifying major vector mosquito species by COI genes and for implementing management measures against mosquito pests in Bangladesh.
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Irpan Pahlepi, Rahman, Santoso Santoso, Vivin Mahdalena, et al. "Efektifitas Kelambu Berinsektisida Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINS) terhadap Anopheles maculatus." ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-Borne Diseases Studies 15, no. 1 (2024): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.58623/aspirator.v15i1.31.
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Malaria is a vector-borne disease problem in several parts of Indonesia, including the Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. One way to break the chain of malaria transmission is by using insecticide-treated mosquito nets. The effectiveness of using insecticide-treated mosquito nets in the community needs to be studied. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticide-treated mosquito nets against Anopheles maculatus based on the duration of use by the community. A fully randomized design study was used to compare the effectiveness of mosquito nets used for six months, six months to two years, and more than two years from 3 different sub-districts. The method used was the WHO bioassay cone test with an untreated polyester mosquito net as a control. Female Anopheles maculatus was tested in a cone bioassay and transferred to paper cups to observe for knockdown or death after 10, 30, and 60 minutes to 24 hours. The results showed that the mosquito nets used for <1 year resulted in 92% knockdown and 80% death. Meanwhile, the use of mosquito nets for 1-2 and >2 years resulted in 92.6% and 75.2% knockdown mosquitoes and 78% and 67.8% dead mosquitos. We concluded that insecticide-treated mosquito nets used for less than one year were still effective for use in controlling malaria.Routine monitoring and evaluation should be carried out to assess the effectiveness of the mosquito nets used.
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Phanthanawiboon, Supranee, Tipaya Ekalaksananan, Jureeporn Chuerduangphui, et al. "Prevalence and characteristics of dengue virus co-infection in patients and mosquitoes collected from patients’ houses." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0314553. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314553.
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Co-infection with multiple DENV serotypes can affect human immune status and complicate the clinical presentation and management of dengue patients, so understanding the prevalence and dynamics of co-infection is important for effective dengue control. We aimed to identify and characterize DENV co-infection patterns in field-caught mosquitoes and dengue patients. This study was conducted in northeastern Thailand between June 2016 to August 2019. Female Aedes mosquitos collected from and around dengue patient’s houses were analyzed for DENV infection and presence of serotypes using RT-PCR. DENV serotyping was successful in 154 (39.49%) of human and 165 (14.26%) of mosquito samples. Prevalence of DENV co-infection in patients and mosquitoes was 22.73% (35 cases) and 28.48% (47 samples), respectively. Co-infection with multiple serotypes were double (human 88.57%, mosquito 89.36%), triple (human 5.72%, mosquito 10.64%) and quadruple (human 5.72%, mosquito 0%) infections. Concurrent infection was different between hosts and concurrence patterns of DENV serotype in each host mostly composed of the predominant serotype of the detected year. This is the first report that show DENV co-infection patterns in field-caught mosquito and in dengue fever patients with combinations of triple and quadruple serotypes in Thailand. These finding are potentially useful for understanding shifts in serotypes, concurrent DENV infection patterns, vaccine development, and further research on the ability of vectors to transmit multiple serotypes.
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Kim, Kyukwang, Jieum Hyun, Hyeongkeun Kim, Hwijoon Lim, and Hyun Myung. "A Deep Learning-Based Automatic Mosquito Sensing and Control System for Urban Mosquito Habitats." Sensors 19, no. 12 (2019): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122785.
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Mosquito control is important as mosquitoes are extremely harmful pests that spread various infectious diseases. In this research, we present the preliminary results of an automated system that detects the presence of mosquitoes via image processing using multiple deep learning networks. The Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) and neural network-based regression demonstrated an accuracy of 84%. Meanwhile, the single image classifier demonstrated an accuracy of only 52%. The overall processing time also decreased from 4.64 to 2.47 s compared to the conventional classifying network. After detection, a larvicide made from toxic protein crystals of the Bacillus thuringiensis serotype israelensis bacteria was injected into static water to stop the proliferation of mosquitoes. This system demonstrates a higher efficiency than hunting adult mosquitos while avoiding damage to other insects.
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Canali, Massimo, Laura Vici, Stefano Rivas Morales, et al. "Household expenditure on control of urban mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18, no. 10 (2024): e0012552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0012552.
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Background In 2007, the first outbreak of Chikungunya in Italy generated great alarm, highlighting the health risks caused by exotic species recently introduced in Europe and the need to strengthen control actions against the vectors. Besides health risks, mosquitoes cause nuisance, and citizens are required to adopt control measures. While the economic aspects of mosquito control by public agencies have been investigated, the scientific literature on the costs of mosquito protection incurred by families is scarce. This study assessed the households’ expenditure on protective measures against mosquitoes in Emilia-Romagna, a region in Northern Italy. Methodology/Principal findings A phone questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on the annual expenditure incurred by households for self-protection against mosquitos in relation to the perceived level of nuisance and the household and dwelling characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the main determinants influencing such expenditure, which resulted affected by dwelling characteristics, presence of children under 6 years of age, and health concerns of family members. The average annual household expenditure was estimated at 84.63 euros, about 30 times higher than the expenditure per household supported by regional and local administrations for interventions against mosquitoes in public areas, as calculated in a previous study. Conclusion/Significance Household expenditure is mainly aimed at providing a direct defense against mosquito bites (mosquito nets, adulticides, skin-on repellents, etc.) while spending for more effective measures addressed to reduce mosquito density results marginal: e.g., only 3.5% of the total expenditure was dedicated to larval control. Control activities that lower the mosquito density in both private and public areas could reduce the use of household insecticides in urban environments and the related costs, and the risk of spread of imported arboviruses as well.
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Jitendra, Sunte. "A Review on Controlling Methods of Mosquito-Biting Problems." Research and Reviews: Journal of Dermatology Nursing 2, no. 1 (2025): 41–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15308884.
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<em>Ayurveda, a unique formulation called Dhoopa Kalpana (Herbal fumigator) is mentioned. It is a fumigation technique mainly used in the treatment of allergic conditions. In the olden days, people used to practice Dhoopana (Fumigation) as a technique to overcome mosquitoes and there is ancient literature called Uddisa Tantra, a Sanskrit text that includes various Ayurvedic treatments where a special mentioning of herbal fumigation and is mentioned as Mashaka Nivarana Prayoga (Mosquito repellent) and based on this formulation, it is reviewed for its mosquitocide property. In this paper is suggesting few remedies to mosquitos biting problems. Generally male mosquito does not bite humans, female mosquitoes bite and suck the blood of humans because they need blood meal for the development of their eggs.</em>
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Biñas, Nathalie Faith, Ella Mae Cuba, Cholo Anthony Gargarita, Ameer Jordan Minsu, and Amera Malaco. "Organic Mosquito Patch: The Use of Lemongrass, Garlic and Marigold." ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (2021): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ajse.v1i1.33665.
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This study aims to determine the possibility of organic mosquito patches as an alternative to mosquito repellents. The results showed that the control group, namely commercial mosquito patches, was able to obtain the highest rate of repelling mosquitoes. However, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in the three patches. Thus, the manufacture of organic mosquito patches is as effective as commercial mosquito patches at repelling mosquitoes. In addition, organic mosquito patches have the most economical product compared to commercialized patches. Thus, making organic mosquito patches is not only as effective as commercial mosquito patches but also much more affordable than they cost. It is recommended to use an organic mosquito patch as an alternative to mosquito repellent.
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Fernandes, Rita, Tiago Melo, Líbia Zé-Zé, et al. "Wolbachia Screening in Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens Mosquitoes from Madeira Island, Portugal." Insects 16, no. 4 (2025): 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16040418.
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Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and West Nile virus pose serious public health risks. On Madeira Island, the presence of the mosquito species Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) raises concerns about local transmission. In this study, we tested 100 Ae. aegypti and 40 Cx. pipiens mosquitoes collected exclusively in the municipality of Funchal, Madeira Island, to assess the presence and diversity of Wolbachia, a naturally occurring bacterium known to reduce mosquitos’ ability to transmit viruses. Molecular identification confirmed that all Cx. pipiens specimens belonged to the molestus biotype, with three individuals identified as hybrids between molestus and pipiens biotypes. This is the first evidence of such hybrids in Madeira. Wolbachia was not detected in any of the Ae. aegypti samples. In contrast, all Cx. pipiens mosquitoes were positive, showing a 100% prevalence. Genetic characterization placed these infections within the wPip clade, supergroup B, sequence type 9. These findings provide key baseline data to inform future mosquito control strategies on the island. As Ae. aegypti showed no natural Wolbachia infection, introducing Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes may be necessary to implement such biocontrol approaches in Madeira.
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Nur, Jasmin, Bilkis Sultana, Mohammad Hefzur Rahman, and Mohammad Moniruzzaman. "Detection of Vector Mosquito of Filariasis in the Endemic Areas of Bangladesh." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 3 (2021): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.3.881.
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Background: Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), a mosquito born tropical parasitic disease, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti is not only a health but also a socio-economic problem in Bangladesh. Culex quinquefasciatus is the confirmed filarial vector in Bangladesh, so by controlling of this vector population, we can prevent this disease. To control this vector and decrease incidence of filariasis, we need to know studied mosquito’s sample in endemic areas.
 Aim and objectives: Aim of this study was to see mosquito population in search of vector species in the endemic zones of malaria and filarial. Then we confirmed presence of vector species at molecular level by species specific DNA fingerprinting.
 Methods: This cross-sectional entomological study was carried out in Hobiganj (Shatchori tea garden) and Moulvibazar district (Patrokhola and Madonmohonpur tea gardens). Mosquito was collected by paper cup with net, aspirator and torch light and vector mosquitoes were identified with stereoscopic microscope. After identification of the mosquitoes, these were stored in laboratory for analysis of the density of the vector mosquitoes in the endemic areas. Then the vector mosquitoes were identified through molecular method named Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
 Result: 1427 female mosquitoes belonging to 28 species under 5 genera were collected from three tea gardens. Culex quinquefasciatus which is the confirmed filarial vector in Bangladesh was found high in number (20.74%) out of the total collected mosquitoes. Other mosquito’s species were found in various ratios. Then Culex quinquefasciatus vector was identified by PCR.
 Conclusion: As vector mosquitoes of LF are available in these tea gardens, the study concludes that these areas are highly LF endemic areas of Bangladesh. Through molecular method, the vector of LF can be identified certainly. As we identify the vector mosquito, thus we can prevent this LF disease at very early stage. So, these findings will be very beneficial and cost effective for a developing country like Bangladesh.
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Vedururu, Ravi kiran, Matthew J. Neave, Vinod Sundaramoorthy, et al. "Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Aedes albopictus Mosquito Head and Thorax Post-Chikungunya Virus Infection." Pathogens 8, no. 3 (2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030132.
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and causes prolonged arthralgia in patients. After crossing the mosquito midgut barrier, the virus disseminates to tissues including the head and salivary glands. To better understand the interaction between Aedes albopictus and CHIKV, we performed RNASeq analysis on pools of mosquito heads and parts of the thorax 8 days post infection, which identified 159 differentially expressed transcripts in infected mosquitos compared to uninfected controls. After validation using RT-qPCR (reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction), inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTKi), which has previously been shown to be anti-inflammatory in mammals after viral infection, was further evaluated for its functional significance. Knockdown of BTKi using double-stranded RNA in a mosquito cell line showed no significant difference in viral RNA or infectivity titer. However, BTKi gene knocked-down cells showed increased apoptosis 24 hours post-infection compared with control cells, suggesting involvement of BTKi in the mosquito response to viral infection. Since BTK in mammals promotes an inflammatory response and has been shown to be involved in osteoclastogenesis, a hallmark of CHIKV pathogenesis, our results suggest a possible conserved mechanism at play between mosquitoes and mammals. Taken together, these results will add to our understanding of Aedes Albopictus interactions with CHIKV.
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Rahma, Nur, Syahribulan Syahribulan, Arini Ratnasari, et al. "The Risk of Mosquito-borne Diseases Related to Mosquito Fauna Richness and Livestock Placements in South and West Sulawesi, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (2022): 302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7038.
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BACKGROUND: The local fauna of mosquitoes may have an essential role in the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. AIM: The future risk of mosquito-borne diseases needs to be considered by the presence of factors that support mosquitoes and pathogens, such as the habitats, presence of host reservoirs, and placement of livestock in settlements. METHODS: Mosquito catching methods used Animal Barrier Screen (ABS), Kelambu Trap (KT), and Human Landing Catch (HLC) in the wet and dry season. The role of a large animal in getting mosquito bites was analyzed based on the proportion of mosquitoes sampled by HLC to all collected mosquitoes. The potential vector of mosquitoes was projected based on the habitat, species density, and presence of host reservoirs. RESULTS: Pasangkayu district had more mosquito fauna compared to North Toraja and Maros. However, the separated placement of livestock in North Toraja resulted in fewer mosquito bites to humans compare with Maros, where livestock was caged or tied directly beside individual houses. The separated placement of livestock in North Toraja and Pasangkayu acted as a barrier, while scattered placement among houses at Maros acted more as a mosquito attractant. CONCLUSION: The habit of placing livestock separate from human settlements may reduce mosquito bites, reducing the risk of contracting mosquito-borne diseases. This finding proves using livestock as an outdoor vector control strategy to protect mosquito bites and disease transmission.
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Cloherty, Erin R., Janet C. Mcallister, James A. Ottea, Kristen Healy, and Claudia Riegel. "A Survey on Mosquito Control Knowledge and Insecticide Use in New Orleans, La, 2020–2021." Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 39, no. 4 (2023): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/23-7123.
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ABSTRACT Mosquitoes are a known public nuisance and can vector various diseases. Historically, New Orleans, LA, has long been acquainted with the burden of mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria and yellow fever in the 20th century and West Nile virus in the 21st century. Government mosquito control awareness campaigns have been around for decades as has the use of organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides by mosquito abatement districts. However, few data are available on public perception of mosquito control and public usage of insecticides to kill mosquitoes in New Orleans. We conducted a survey from August 2020 to July 2021 to evaluate New Orleans residents’ 1) general knowledge regarding mosquito control and 2) what measures and products they use to control mosquitoes. The aim of this survey was to determine how residents contribute to backyard mosquito control by do-it-yourself or professional applications of insecticides. The survey was disseminated both online and via mail. Of the 396 survey participants, nearly all (99.48%) agreed that mosquito control is important in New Orleans because it prevents mosquito bites (30.85%), prevents mosquito borne-diseases (38.51%), and prevents nuisance mosquitoes (29.17%). More than one-third (35%) of survey participants indicated that they empty containers to reduce adult mosquitoes on their own property. More than two-thirds of the participants (69.95%) would not hire a pest management professional to spray their yard for adult mosquitoes, and only 20% of survey participants do apply a pesticide to kill adult mosquitoes on their own property. None of our findings were associated with the level of education, gender, or age of participants. This study suggests that the City of New Orleans Mosquito, Termite and Rodent Control Board educational and outreach campaigns may be an effective tool in spreading mosquito control awareness and contribute to residents’ knowledge of mosquito control. The data we collected indicate that residents understand what mosquito control is and why it is important in New Orleans.
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Pullmann-Lindsley, Heidi, Robert Mark Huff, John Boyi, and Ronald Jason Pitts. "Odorant receptors for floral- and plant-derived volatiles in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (2024): e0302496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302496.
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Adult mosquitoes require regular sugar meals, including nectar, to survive in natural habitats. Both males and females locate potential sugar sources using sensory proteins called odorant receptors (ORs) activated by plant volatiles to orient toward flowers or honeydew. The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), possesses a large gene family of ORs, many of which are likely to detect floral odors. In this study, we have uncovered ligand-receptor pairings for a suite of Aedes aegypti ORs using a panel of environmentally relevant, plant-derived volatile chemicals and a heterologous expression system. Our results support the hypothesis that these odors mediate sensory responses to floral odors in the mosquito’s central nervous system, thereby influencing appetitive or aversive behaviors. Further, these ORs are well conserved in other mosquitoes, suggesting they function similarly in diverse species. This information can be used to assess mosquito foraging behavior and develop novel control strategies, especially those that incorporate mosquito bait-and-kill technologies.
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Liu, Hongmei, Jianhai Yin, Xiaodan Huang, et al. "Mosquito Gut Microbiota: A Review." Pathogens 13, no. 8 (2024): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080691.
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Mosquitoes are vectors of many important human diseases. The prolonged and widespread use of insecticides has led to the development of mosquito resistance to these insecticides. The gut microbiota is considered the master of host development and physiology; it influences mosquito biology, disease pathogen transmission, and resistance to insecticides. Understanding the role and mechanisms of mosquito gut microbiota in mosquito insecticide resistance is useful for developing new strategies for tackling mosquito insecticide resistance. We searched online databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, and the Chinese Science Citation Database. We searched all terms, including microbiota and mosquitoes, or any specific genera or species of mosquitoes. We reviewed the relationships between microbiota and mosquito growth, development, survival, reproduction, and disease pathogen transmission, as well as the interactions between microbiota and mosquito insecticide resistance. Overall, 429 studies were included in this review after filtering 8139 search results. Mosquito gut microbiota show a complex community structure with rich species diversity, dynamic changes in the species composition over time (season) and across space (environmental setting), and variation among mosquito species and mosquito developmental stages (larval vs. adult). The community composition of the microbiota plays profound roles in mosquito development, survival, and reproduction. There was a reciprocal interaction between the mosquito midgut microbiota and virus infection in mosquitoes. Wolbachia, Asaia, and Serratia are the three most studied bacteria that influence disease pathogen transmission. The insecticide resistance or exposure led to the enrichment or reduction in certain microorganisms in the resistant mosquitoes while enhancing the abundance of other microorganisms in insect-susceptible mosquitoes, and they involved many different species/genera/families of microorganisms. Conversely, microbiota can promote insecticide resistance in their hosts by isolating and degrading insecticidal compounds or altering the expression of host genes and metabolic detoxification enzymes. Currently, knowledge is scarce about the community structure of mosquito gut microbiota and its functionality in relation to mosquito pathogen transmission and insecticide resistance. The new multi-omics techniques should be adopted to find the links among environment, mosquito, and host and bring mosquito microbiota studies to the next level.
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Kong, Xiang Qing, and Cheng Wei Wu. "Micronano Structure and Mechanics Behavior of Mosquito’s Proboscis Biomaterials with Applications to Microneedle Design." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.376.
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The mouthparts of female mosquitoes have evolved to form a special proboscis, a natural biomicroelectromechanical system, which is used for painlessly penetrating human skin and sucking blood. The structure of the mosquito fascicle is observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the mechanical property of the labrum and maxillae, two of the most important parts of the mosquito’s fascicle is studied. The micronano structure and the special biomaterials of the mosquito’s proboscis make the mosquito penetrate easily into human skin with a surprising low force, which is measured to be only tens of micro-Newton. Our obtained results are helpful for the optimum design of the microneedles and transdermal drug delivery system.
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Novelo, Mario, Heverton LC Dutra, Hillery C. Metz, et al. "Dengue and chikungunya virus loads in the mosquito Aedes aegypti are determined by distinct genetic architectures." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 4 (2023): e1011307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011307.
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Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of the arboviruses dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV). These viruses exhibit key differences in their vector interactions, the latter moving more quicky through the mosquito and triggering fewer standard antiviral pathways. As the global footprint of CHIKV continues to expand, we seek to better understand the mosquito’s natural response to CHIKV—both to compare it to DENV:vector coevolutionary history and to identify potential targets in the mosquito for genetic modification. We used a modified full-sibling design to estimate the contribution of mosquito genetic variation to viral loads of both DENV and CHIKV. Heritabilities were significant, but higher for DENV (40%) than CHIKV (18%). Interestingly, there was no genetic correlation between DENV and CHIKV loads between siblings. These data suggest Ae. aegypti mosquitoes respond to the two viruses using distinct genetic mechanisms. We also examined genome-wide patterns of gene expression between High and Low CHIKV families representing the phenotypic extremes of viral load. Using RNAseq, we identified only two loci that consistently differentiated High and Low families: a long non-coding RNA that has been identified in mosquito screens post-infection and a distant member of a family of Salivary Gland Specific (SGS) genes. Interestingly, the latter gene is also associated with horizontal gene transfer between mosquitoes and the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. This work is the first to link the SGS gene to a mosquito phenotype. Understanding the molecular details of how this gene contributes to viral control in mosquitoes may, therefore, also shed light on its role in Wolbachia.
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Dissanayake, Dinithi Shyamalee, Chandana Dammika Wijekoon, and Hemantha Wegiriya. "Diversity of mosquito natural enemies and their feeding efficacy on Aedes vectors." Journal of Vector Borne Diseases 61, no. 4 (2024): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.bd_50_24.
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Background & objectives: Mosquito-bome diseases are a major health issue among communities in Asia, and dengue has become a serious public health concern in Sri Lanka with varying magnitude since 1960. With the realization of the failures and limitations of current vector control strategies, the authorities are moving towards simple, low- cost, and eco-friendly vector management methods. Thus, the present study was devised to evaluate the potential densities of mosquito natural enemies in natural water habitats in Galle district, Sri Lanka, and to investigate the feeding efficacy of prominent mosquito natural enemies on main dengue vectors (Aedes sp.) in a laboratory setting. Methods: The survey was carried out using eight sentinel sites in Galle district, and samples of mosquito natural enemies and mosquito larvae were collected, and identified using taxonomic keys. Results: Study records, the aquatic insects of family Hydrometridae, Belostomatidae, Notonectidae, Nepidae, Ranat- ridae, and Corixidae as dominant mosquito natural enemies, and Libellulidae and Dytiscidae insects as sub-dominant families. The highest density of the family Hydrometridae was recorded in rural, natural inland, and rocky study sites. The order Hemiptera was recorded as the key order of the mosquitos’ natural enemies in Galle district. The family Hydrometridae had the highest density of recorded mosquito natural enemies. Interpretation & conclusion: Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus were recorded as abundant vector mosquitoes. Family Nepidae is the most effective natural mosquito predator on Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, and this knowledge will be vital for implementing future biological control strategies for Aedes vectors in Sri Lanka.
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Ernst, Kacey C., Kathleen R. Walker, A. Lucia Castro-Luque, et al. "Differences in Longevity and Temperature-Driven Extrinsic Incubation Period Correlate with Varying Dengue Risk in the Arizona–Sonora Desert Region." Viruses 15, no. 4 (2023): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15040851.
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Dengue transmission is determined by a complex set of interactions between the environment, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, dengue viruses, and humans. Emergence in new geographic areas can be unpredictable, with some regions having established mosquito populations for decades without locally acquired transmission. Key factors such as mosquito longevity, temperature-driven extrinsic incubation period (EIP), and vector–human contact can strongly influence the potential for disease transmission. To assess how these factors interact at the edge of the geographical range of dengue virus transmission, we conducted mosquito sampling in multiple urban areas located throughout the Arizona–Sonora desert region during the summer rainy seasons from 2013 to 2015. Mosquito population age structure, reflecting mosquito survivorship, was measured using a combination of parity analysis and relative gene expression of an age-related gene, SCP-1. Bloodmeal analysis was conducted on field collected blood-fed mosquitoes. Site-specific temperature was used to estimate the EIP, and this predicted EIP combined with mosquito age were combined to estimate the abundance of “potential” vectors (i.e., mosquitoes old enough to survive the EIP). Comparisons were made across cities by month and year. The dengue endemic cities Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregon, both in the state of Sonora, Mexico, had higher abundance of potential vectors than non-endemic Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. Interestingly, Tucson, Arizona consistently had a higher estimated abundance of potential vectors than dengue endemic regions of Sonora, Mexico. There were no observed city-level differences in species composition of blood meals. Combined, these data offer insights into the critical factors required for dengue transmission at the ecological edge of the mosquito’s range. However, further research is needed to integrate an understanding of how social and additional environmental factors constrain and enhance dengue transmission in emerging regions.
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Wartono, Wartono, Mohammad Soleh, and Yuslenita Muda. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DENGUE CONTROL WITH CONTROL OF MOSQUITO LARVAE AND MOSQUITO AFFECTED BY CLIMATE CHANGE." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 15, no. 3 (2021): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol15iss3pp417-426.
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Consider a SIR model for the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever involving three populations, mosquito eggs, mosquitoes, and humans. The parameters of the SIR model were estimated using rainfall data and air temperature for the cities of Pekanbaru and Solok. The main aim of this paper is to determine the effect of mosquito larvae and adult mosquito control on the spread of the dengue virus. Numerical solutions were also presented by using the Runge-Kutta method of order 4. Based on the results, the SIR model was obtained by involving the control parameters of mosquito larvae and adult mosquitoes. Besides, the mosquito population is affected by changes in temperature, rainfall, and fog. Numerical simulations illustrate that the number of infected mosquitoes and infected humans is influenced by the parameters of the percentage of mortality of mosquito larvae and adult mosquitoes.
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Kalan, Katja, Jana Šušnjar, Jure Jugovic, and Vladimir Ivović. "Pilot Study of Invasive Mosquito Species Control in Selected Slovenian Municipalities." Acta Veterinaria 72, no. 2 (2022): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2022-0020.
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Abstract To reduce the population of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae), a mosquito control campaign was organized by five Slovenian municipalities in 2020. The campaign focused on the application of Aquatain AMFTM in public water containers. The main objective of our study was to test the efficacy of the agent by directly testing the water drains for mosquito larvae and monitoring the density of the mosquito population. The drains were inspected before and after the application of the product from May to September. A water sample was taken from the drains using a dipper. For mosquito monitoring, the number of mosquito eggs and adult mosquitoes was counted from June to October. Up to two weeks after the application of the product, we observed the lethal effect of Aquatain on mosquito larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes. After rainfall, the product was washed away and the live mosquitoes were sampled in the inspected water drains. The average number of eggs collected per site was twice as high in the area without mosquito control as in the threated locations. Nevertheless, we assessed the mosquito control campaign as partially successful, as mosquito abundance was still high in the locations with mosquito control. However, we believe that this is a good starting point and that mosquito control should be continued in the future together with the citizen education campaign.
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Madhav, Mukund, Kim R. Blasdell, Brendan Trewin, Prasad N. Paradkar, and Adam J. López-Denman. "Culex-Transmitted Diseases: Mechanisms, Impact, and Future Control Strategies using Wolbachia." Viruses 16, no. 7 (2024): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16071134.
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Mosquitoes of the Culex genus are responsible for a large burden of zoonotic virus transmission globally. Collectively, they play a significant role in the transmission of medically significant diseases such as Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Climate change, global trade, habitat transformation and increased urbanisation are leading to the establishment of Culex mosquitoes in new geographical regions. These novel mosquito incursions are intensifying concerns about the emergence of Culex-transmitted diseases and outbreaks in previously unaffected areas. New mosquito control methods are currently being developed and deployed globally. Understanding the complex interaction between pathogens and mosquitoes is essential for developing new control strategies for Culex species mosquitoes. This article reviews the role of Culex mosquitos as vectors of zoonotic disease, discussing the transmission of viruses across different species, and the potential use of Wolbachia technologies to control disease spread. By leveraging the insights gained from recent successful field trials of Wolbachia against Aedes-borne diseases, we comprehensively discuss the feasibility of using this technique to control Culex mosquitoes and the potential for the development of next generational Wolbachia-based control methods.
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DuRant, Sarah E., and William A. Hopkins. "Amphibian predation on larval mosquitoes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 10 (2008): 1159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-097.
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Mosquitoes ( Culex pipiens L., 1758) are important vectors for diseases of both wildlife and humans. Understanding how natural factors influence mosquito abundance may provide insights into the ecology of various diseases, as well as solutions to controlling disease vectors. One of the natural factors regulating mosquito distributions and population sizes is predation. A poorly understood source of natural mosquito predation is amphibians. We determined the mosquito consumption capability of two amphibians, adult Red-spotted Newts ( Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens (Rafinesque, 1820)) and larval Mole Salamanders ( Ambystoma talpoideum (Holbrook, 1838)). We also compared mosquito consumption of eastern mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859), a known predator of mosquitoes, and A. talpoideum. Both salamander species were capable of consuming large numbers of mosquito larvae per day (least-square means ± 1 SE = 439 ± 20 and 316 ± 35 mosquitoes/day consumed by A. talpoideum and N. v. viridescens, respectively). In A. talpoideum, mosquito consumption scaled with body size, with the largest individual (4.4 g) ingesting 902 mosquitoes in 1 day. Gambusia holbrooki consumed 3.5× more mosquitoes during a 24 h feeding trial than similar-sized A. talpoideum. Our findings suggest that amphibians could have a substantial impact on mosquito larvae abundance, especially considering that amphibians can reach densities of up to 500 000 individuals/ha. Furthermore, we hypothesize that introduction of G. holbrooki could reduce abundances of native mosquito predators (e.g., salamanders) indirectly, through competition for invertebrate prey.
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Saucereau, Yoann, Maria Jose Marcaida, and Monique Gangloff. "Structural and functional divergence of duplicated mosquito Toll and Spz compared to Drosophila." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 92.44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.92.44.
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Abstract Mosquitoes are vectors of many infectious diseases that constitute a risk to human health around the globe. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as Dengue and Zika viruses, are mainly transmitted by Aedes mosquito species, while plasmodium is spread by members of the Anopheles genus. The vectorial capacity of mosquito is based on a complex balance between the mosquito’s immune control and evasion mechanisms by the pathogen. The Toll signalling pathway is a key component of insect innate immunity that underwent duplication in mosquitoes compared to Drosophila melanogaster (Dm). Here we produced duplicated Spz isoforms and ectodomains of Toll1A and Toll5A in order to study binding specificity and signalling in Aedes aegypti (Aa). Surprisingly, Toll1A, the closest structural homolog to DmToll, did not bind to DmSpz, AaSpz1B or AaSpz1C, while Toll5A specifically bound to Spz1C. In Aag2 cells, however, DmSpz triggered gambicin production upon proteolytic processing, in contrast to mosquito Spz isoforms, which lead to a distinct set of antimicrobial peptides. Computational pairing of Toll and Spz failed to predict isoform and species-specificity, probably due to conformational changes upon ligand binding as observed by SAXS analysis of Toll5A-Spz1C complex. This study sheds light on the molecular basis of Toll and Spz neofunctionalization in the mosquito.
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Ahad, Md Abdul, Md Rifat Alam, Atiqur Rohman Tomal, Jannatun Ferdos, Mst Jannatul Naima, and Arjina Khatun. "EVALUATION OF MARIGOLD (TAGETES ERECTA) LEAVES AS A NATURAL MOSQUITO (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) REPELLENT." Acta Scientifica Malaysia 8, no. 2 (2024): 74–79. https://doi.org/10.26480/asm.02.2024.74.79.
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This study was carried out to evaluate marigold (Tagetes erecta) leaves as a natural mosquito repellent. This experiment was conducted during March to June 2023 at Entomology Laboratory, EXIM Bank Agricultural University Bangladesh. Marigold leaf extract was tested in three replications at four different concentrations (100ml, 75ml, 50ml and 25ml) to evaluate the efficacy of mosquito larvae. To compare the repellent activity of marigold-based coils with commercial coils on adult mosquitoes, 25 adult mosquitoes were tested with three replications. Data were collected from 25 randomly selected individuals to determine how they responded to marigold-based coils. The highest concentration (100ml) resulted in an impressive mean percentage of 88% mosquito larvae mortality after 24 hours of exposure, highlighting the potent larvicidal potential of marigold leaf extract. The marigold-based coil demonstrated remarkable efficacy in controlling adult mosquitoes. Although it took slightly longer (39.67 minutes) than the commercial coil (16.34 minutes) to kill mosquitoes, it showed sustained and consistent efficiency over time. The evaluation of mosquito repellent activity by respondents indicated a preference for mosquito coils (64%) as the primary method of repelling mosquitoes. Respondents perceived a moderate reduction (52%) in mosquito attacks when using the marigold-based coil and rated its repellent effectiveness as moderate (52%) to high (28%). While some participants reported side effects, including offensive smell (45%), eye burning (20%), breathing problems (15%), and coughing (15%). There was the absence of any adverse impact on non target organisms. Marigold leaves showcase promising potential as a natural larvicide for mosquito control. The marigold-based coil demonstrates moderate to high repellent effectiveness on adult mosquitoes, with the added advantage of being free from toxic side effects. These findings emphasize the superiority of the marigold-based mosquito coil as a valuable and environmentally friendly mosquito repellent option, offering an effective solution for mosquito control.