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Academic literature on the topic 'Mosquito populations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mosquito populations"

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Williams, Adeline, Alexander Franz, William Reid, and Ken Olson. "Antiviral Effectors and Gene Drive Strategies for Mosquito Population Suppression or Replacement to Mitigate Arbovirus Transmission by Aedes aegypti." Insects 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010052.

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The mosquito vector Aedes aegypti transmits arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of medical importance, including Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses. Controlling mosquito populations remains the method of choice to prevent disease transmission. Novel mosquito control strategies based on genetically manipulating mosquitoes are being developed as additional tools to combat arbovirus transmission. Genetic control of mosquitoes includes two basic strategies: population suppression and population replacement. The former aims to eliminate mosquito populations while the latter aims to replace wild populations with engineered, pathogen-resistant mosquitoes. In this review, we outline suppression strategies being applied in the field, as well as current antiviral effector genes that have been characterized and expressed in transgenic Ae. aegypti for population replacement. We discuss cutting-edge gene drive technologies that can be used to enhance the inheritance of effector genes, while highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with gene drives. Finally, we present currently available models that can estimate mosquito release numbers and time to transgene fixation for several gene drive systems. Based on the recent advances in genetic engineering, we anticipate that antiviral transgenic Ae. aegypti exhibiting gene drive will soon emerge; however, close monitoring in simulated field conditions will be required to demonstrate the efficacy and utility of such transgenic mosquitoes.

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Wartono, Wartono, Mohammad Soleh, and Yuslenita Muda. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DENGUE CONTROL WITH CONTROL OF MOSQUITO LARVAE AND MOSQUITO AFFECTED BY CLIMATE CHANGE." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol15iss3pp417-426.

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Consider a SIR model for the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever involving three populations, mosquito eggs, mosquitoes, and humans. The parameters of the SIR model were estimated using rainfall data and air temperature for the cities of Pekanbaru and Solok. The main aim of this paper is to determine the effect of mosquito larvae and adult mosquito control on the spread of the dengue virus. Numerical solutions were also presented by using the Runge-Kutta method of order 4. Based on the results, the SIR model was obtained by involving the control parameters of mosquito larvae and adult mosquitoes. Besides, the mosquito population is affected by changes in temperature, rainfall, and fog. Numerical simulations illustrate that the number of infected mosquitoes and infected humans is influenced by the parameters of the percentage of mortality of mosquito larvae and adult mosquitoes.

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Acquah-Lamptey, Daniel, and Roland Brandl. "Effect of a dragonfly (<i>Bradinopyga strachani</i> Kirby, 1900) on the density of mosquito larvae in a field experiment using mesocosms." Web Ecology 18, no. 1 (May 24, 2018): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-18-81-2018.

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Abstract. Laboratory experiments with food-deprived larvae of odonates suggested that these predators may have the potential to control mosquito populations. However, it remains unclear whether larvae of odonates co-occur with mosquito larvae in the field and whether larvae of odonates reduce the density of mosquito larvae in the field. We exposed 35 water-filled concrete containers in the field in shady and sunny conditions. Some of these containers were partially covered (for simplicity called closed containers, allowing only mosquitoes to lay eggs), whereas others remained open. The density of mosquito larvae was higher in shaded containers and in closed containers. The multivoltine odonate Bradinopyga strachani colonized open containers and the occurrence of these predators resulted in a clear reduction of the mosquito population. Our results indicate that increasing the colonization of water bodies by Bradinopyga strachani is a promising strategy for controlling populations of mosquitoes.

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Kaczmarek, Maria E., Nora L. Herzog, Maria G. Noval, John Zuzworsky, Zahir Shah, Waheed I. Bajwa, and Kenneth A. Stapleford. "Distinct New York City Aedes albopictus Mosquito Populations Display Differences in Salivary Gland Protein D7 Diversity and Chikungunya Virus Replication." Viruses 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2020): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12070698.

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In an increasingly interconnected world, the exposure and subsequent spread of emergent viruses has become inevitable. This is particularly true for Aedes (Ae.) mosquito-vectored viruses, whose range has increased over the past decade from tropical to temperate regions. However, it is unclear if all populations of Ae. mosquitoes in temperate New York City are able to successfully replicate and transmit arboviruses. To answer this question, we reared Ae. albopictus mosquitoes living in a temperate climate from three locations in New York City. We first sequenced the salivary antiviral protein D7 from individual mosquitoes in each population and found single nucleotide variants that are both shared and unique for each Ae. albopictus population. We then fed each population chikungunya virus (CHIKV) via an artificial blood meal. All three mosquito populations could be infected with CHIKV, yet viral titers differed between populations at 7 days post infection. Moreover, we found that these mosquitoes could transmit CHIKV to mice, and that virus RNA reached the saliva as early as two days post infection. Upon sequencing of the saliva CHIKV genomic RNA, we found mutations at sites correlated with increased transmission and virulence. These studies show that NYC Ae. albopictus populations can be infected with and transmit CHIKV, CHIKV is able to evolve in these mosquitoes, and that host salivary factors display population-specific diversity. Taken together, these studies highlight the need to study how distinct mosquito populations control viral infections, both at the virus and host level.

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Segu, Bhagya, Nicole Auchter Riese, Kim Thien Hong Nguyen, Michael Leung, and Pat Segu. "Review: Ocular Complications of Mosquito-Transmitted Diseases." Canadian Journal of Optometry 80, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.80.266.

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The World Health Organization estimates that 1 billion cases of infectious disease originate from vector transmission, resulting in several million deaths annually. Mosquitos are the primary vector for multiple diseases in humans that cause self-limiting to sight-threatening ocular complications and significant systemic illness. The 2015-2016 outbreak of the mosquito-borne Zika virus in North and South America brought to the forefront how quickly mosquitoes can spread disease between continents, especially among vulnerable patient populations. Optometrists should be familiar with the associated ocular complications in order to effectively diagnose, co-manage, treat, and educate patients who have been infected by mosquito-borne disease. This paper reviews the ocular manifestations of mosquito-transmitted diseases including Zika virus, West Nile virus, Malaria, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, and Dirofilaria.

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Cai, Li-Ming. "Dynamics of Wild and Sterile Mosquito Population Models with Delayed Releasing." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 30, no. 11 (September 15, 2020): 2050218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127420502181.

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To reduce the global burden of mosquito-borne diseases, e.g. dengue, malaria, the need to develop new control methods is to be highlighted. The sterile insect technique (SIT) and various genetic modification strategies, have a potential to contribute to a reversal of the current alarming disease trends. In our previous work, the ordinary differential equation (ODE) models with different releasing sterile mosquito strategies are investigated. However, in reality, implementing SIT and the releasing processes of sterile mosquitos are very complex. In particular, the delay phenomena always occur. To achieve suppression of wild mosquito populations, in this paper, we reassess the effect of the delayed releasing of sterile mosquitos on the suppression of interactive mosquito populations. We extend the previous ODE models to the delayed releasing models in two different ways of releasing sterile mosquitos, where both constant and exponentially distributed delays are considered, respectively. By applying the theory and methods of delay differential equations, the effect of time delays on the stability of equilibria in the system is rigorously analyzed. Some sustained oscillation phenomena via Hopf bifurcations in the system are observed. Numerical examples demonstrate rich dynamical features of the proposed models. Based on the obtained results, we also suggest some new releasing strategies for sterile mosquito populations.

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Myer, Mark H., Chelsea M. Fizer, Kenneth R. Mcpherson, Anne C. Neale, Andrew N. Pilant, Arturo Rodriguez, Pai-Yei Whung, and John M. Johnston. "Mapping Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus Vector Mosquito Distribution in Brownsville, TX." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 1 (August 10, 2019): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz132.

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Abstract Aedes mosquitoes are vectors of several emerging diseases and are spreading worldwide. We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) mosquito trap captures in Brownsville, TX, using high-resolution land cover, socioeconomic, and meteorological data. We modeled mosquito trap counts using a Bayesian hierarchical mixed-effects model with spatially correlated residuals. The models indicated an inverse relationship between temperature and mosquito trap counts for both species, which may be due to the hot and arid climate of southern Texas. The temporal trend in mosquito populations indicated Ae. aegypti populations peaking in the late spring and Ae. albopictus reaching a maximum in winter. Our results indicated that seasonal weather variation, vegetation height, human population, and land cover determine which of the two Aedes species will predominate.

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Ahmad, Noor Afizah, Nancy M. Endersby-Harshman, Nur Ruqqayah Mohd Mazni, Nur Zatil Aqmar Mohd Zabari, Siti Nor Syazwani Amran, Muhammad Kamarul Ridhuan Ghazali, Mohd Arif Abdul Karim, et al. "Characterization of Sodium Channel Mutations in the Dengue Vector Mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus within the Context of Ongoing Wolbachia Releases in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Insects 11, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080529.

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Specific sodium channel gene mutations confer target site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in mosquitoes and other insects. In Aedes mosquito species, multiple mutations that contribute to resistance vary in their importance around the world. Here, we characterize voltage sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) mutations in populations of Aedesaegypti from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and look at their persistence in populations affected by ongoing Wolbachia releases (a dengue control measure). We also describe a Vssc mutation in Aedesalbopictus (F1534L) found for the first time in Malaysia. We show that there are three predominant Vssc haplotypes in Aedesaegypti in this region, which all persist with regular backcrossing, thereby maintaining the original genetic composition of the populations. We identify changes in genotype frequency in closed populations of Ae. aegypti maintained for multiple generations in laboratory culture, suggesting different fitness costs associated with the genotypes, some of which may be associated with the sex of the mosquito. Following population replacement of Ae. aegypti by Wolbachia in the target area, however, we find that the Vssc mutations have persisted at pre-release levels. Mosquitoes in two genotype classes demonstrate a type I pyrethroid resistance advantage over wildtype mosquitoes when exposed to 0.25% permethrin. This resistance advantage is even more pronounced with a type II pyrethroid, deltamethrin (0.03%). The results point to the importance of these mutations in pyrethroid resistance in mosquito populations and the need for regular backcrossing with male mosquitoes from the field to maintain similarity of genetic background and population integrity during Wolbachia releases.

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O’Meara, Wendy Prudhomme, Ryan Simmons, Paige Bullins, Betsy Freedman, Lucy Abel, Judith Mangeni, Steve M. Taylor, and Andrew A. Obala. "Mosquito Exposure and Malaria Morbidity: A Microlevel Analysis of Household Mosquito Populations and Malaria in a Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort in Western Kenya." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, no. 7 (October 30, 2019): 1176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz561.

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Abstract Background Malaria morbidity is highly overdispersed in the population. Fine-scale differences in mosquito exposure may partially explain this heterogeneity in individual malaria outcomes. Methods In 38 households we explored the effect of household-level mosquito exposure and individual insecticide-treated net (ITN) use on relative risk (RR) of confirmed malaria. We conducted monthly active surveillance (n = 254; 2624 person-months) and weekly mosquito collection (2092 household-days of collection), and used molecular techniques to confirm human blood feeding and exposure to infectious mosquitoes. Results Of 1494 female Anopheles (89.8% Anopheles gambiae sensu lato), 88.3% were fed, 51.9% had a human blood meal, and 9.2% were sporozoite infected. In total, 168 laboratory-confirmed malaria episodes were reported (incidence rate 0.064 episodes per person-month at risk; 95% confidence interval [CI], .055–.074). Malaria risk was directly associated with exposure to sporozoite-infected mosquitoes (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11–1.38). No direct effect was measured between ITN use and malaria morbidity; however, ITN use did moderate the effect of mosquito exposure on morbidity. Conclusions Malaria risk increases linearly with vector density and feeding success for persons with low ITN use. In contrast, malaria risk among high ITN users is consistently low and insensitive to variation in mosquito exposure.

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Autry, Dena. "FIELD COMPARISON OF AUTOCIDAL GRAVID OVITRAPS AND IN2CARE TRAPS AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI IN DOWNTOWN SAINT AUGUSTINE, NORTHEASTERN FLORIDA." Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association 68, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v68i1.129105.

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Mosquito Control programs are utilizing cost-effective long term autocidal gravid traps because they minimize labor needs while targeting the gravid population of container-breeding mosquitoes. This field study compared the efficacy of the In2Care Mosquito Trap and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention autocidal gravid ovitrap (CDC-AGO). The study consisted of two control and two treatment sites, and each treatment site had either 100 In2Care Mosquito Traps or 100 CDC-AGOs. Aedes aegypti populations in each site were monitored using Biogent (BG) Sentinel 2 mosquito traps and ovitraps. Analysis of pre- and post-treatment data indicated no significant difference in adult mosquito populations detected by BG traps from either the In2Care or CDC-AGO sites. However, the mean number of eggs collected by ovitraps showed significant reduction in both trap type treated areas posttreatment, compared to pre-treatment. Furthermore, the mean number of egg collections from the In2Care mosquito trap treated area was much less than the collection from the CDC-AGO trap treated area post-treatment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mosquito populations"

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Yadav, Priyanka. "Factors affecting mosquito populations in created wetlands." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253029098.

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Hoa, Vu Minh, and n/a. "Mosquito habitats and predation efficiency on mosquito populations in Ginninderra Wetland, Canberra, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.115344.

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The ecology of mosquito populations in relation to weather conditions, emergent plants and predation in an urban wetland of Canberra was studied. Anopheles annulipes, Aedes notoscriptus, Aedes australicus, Aedes alboannulata, Culex annulirostris and Culex quinquefasciatus were found. Temperature was a major climatic factor in determining the abundance of mosquito populations in the wetland. First collections and subsequent development of mosquitoes in Ginninderra wetland are likely to depend on local weather conditions each year. The wetland proper was not a suitable habitat for mosquito breeding. Tall emergent vegetation may have obstructed oviposition and predation was also important in limiting colonization by mosquitoes. Instead, isolated temporary waterbodies which were free of predators, such as ground depressions, tyre tracks, domestic waste containers, were the most important habitats for mosquitoes adjacent to the Ginninderra wetland. Field experiments found that predation of mosquito larvae by mosquitofish Gambusia qffinis and notonectids Anisops was more efficient in sunlight than shade and this was affected by the height of emergent plants.

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Qualls, Whitney Allyn. "Field studies and monitoring of mosquito populations (Diptera:Culicidae) in urban environments." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/QUALLS_WHITNEY_47.pdf.

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Anderson, Robert Derek. "Reducing orthophosphates in retention ponds and its impact on larval mosquito abundance." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 98 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397903371&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Dalton, Sara. "Strategies for Reducing Mosquito-Borne Disease Vulnerability in Equine Populations: A Kentucky Case Study." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/451.

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This research examined equine management practices that limit or contribute to the spread of West Nile virus and other mosquito-bome disease. I hypothesize that there is a relationship between equine management practices and outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease in horse populations. Improved and appropriate mosquito habitat management may limit the risk of mosquito-borne disease in humans and horses by helping to lower the mosquito populations. The study goals were to recognize equine management practices and mosquito prevention practices that foster outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease. This study used a questionnaire for county level analysis of equine management practices and the relationship to mosquito-borne disease. This study is important because horses live in a natural setting among unmanaged elements, such as pastures with ponds, wooded areas, and riparian areas. However, horses themselves are highly managed. Equine management practices include pasture horses, who live exclusively outdoors, stabled horses who receive some turn-out time, and ultra-managed horses, such as race horses. Kentucky's economy is partially dependant on the horse industry, which is responsible for over 51,000 jobs and is a major part of the culture of Kentucky. Equine diseases can significantly affect this section of the state's economy. The study area consisted of three categories of noncontiguous counties, with each group containing three to four Kentucky counties. The three selected categories of study highlighted areas of West Nile virus incidence in equine populations. Surveys were distributed to horse owners and barn managers to collect data on differences in equine management practices and outbreaks of mosquito-borne disease. Two categories represented counties with large equine populations, and one category represented counties with low equine populations. Category I consists of the three counties that were selected based on high horse populations and high incidence of West Nile virus in 2002—Barren, Fleming, and Nelson counties. Category II consists of four counties with high equine populations and low incidence of West Nile virus in 2002 - Allen, Grant, Jessamine, and Meade counties. The third category looks at low equine populations and high incidence of West Nile virus in 2002 - Carlisle, Marion, Russell, and Todd counties. Areas with low equine populations and low incidence of West Nile virus were not considered for the study because those areas do not have either high horse populations or high incidence of West Nile virus and hence were not relevant for this particular research question about equine management practices. A minimum of thirty surveys was collected for each category. Statistical analysis was used to determine relationships between incidences of disease, management practices, and knowledge of mosquito prevention. Each survey question was analyzed using the two-tailed version of the two-sample difference of proportion test. West Nile virus is an important disease to study due to the potential economic loss to the horse industry but also because the disease has been responsible for sickness and death in human and animal populations. I studied horses because of the their mix of unmanaged and managed habitat. This study did find a difference in equine management practices when it came to vaccination to prevent West Nile virus occurrences in horse populations. Horse people in categories with high horse populations had a higher use of a West Nile virus vaccine to prevent disease than people use in the low horse population category. While statistics from this study show that there is little or no difference in other equine management practices between the three categories, this research demonstrates that few horse owners and barn mangers limit mosquito habitat around their animals or are aware of IPM techniques. Vaccination lowers the chance that a horse will develop West Nile virus, but it is important that active equine management programs include limiting mosquito habitat to assist in prevention of mosquito-borne disease. Limiting mosquito-borne disease is an important preventive strategy that could protect the health of both horses and humans.

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Autran, Lyris. "Feeding preferences of Chaoborus americanus larvae (Diptera:Chaoboridae) and their potential effect on mosquito populations." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33376.

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Chaoborus americanus larvae were used in laboratory experiments to assess their efficiency at decreasing mosquito larval populations. Third and fourth instar Chaoborus americanus larvae were independently fed assemblages of single prey species to test hunger and several prey species to test preference. Prey species included Daphnia and the four Aedes aegypti larval instars. The results show that Chaoborus americanus larvae will choose early instar mosquito larvae over Daphnia, however, this preference decreases as the mosquito larvae become older. Third instar Chaoborus americanus larvae will choose first instar mosquito larvae over Daphnia 76% of the time, whereas they will select third instar mosquito larvae only 30% of the time. Fourth instar Chaoborus americanus larvae will choose first instar mosquito larvae 94% of the time, and select fourth instar mosquito larvae only 3% of the time. Crowding also has an effect on feeding times; individual Chaoborus larvae take more time to ingest their prey items than do individuals within a group. Chaoborus americanus larvae are good biological control agents within a laboratory setting.

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Modelski, Kimberly A. "Comparison of climatic conditions and mosquito abundances in New Castle County, Delaware." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 3.25 Mb., 229 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435830.

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Grisales, Alzate N. "Effectiveness of pyriproxyfen and olyset duo in controlling insecticide resistant mosquito populations in Burkina Faso." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3004604/.

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The escalation of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) mass distribution marked the beginning of a period of malaria decline in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance in malaria mosquitoes is a threat to the effectiveness and sustainability of this vector control method. In this context, it is necessary to design and evaluate new compounds and methods that attenuate or even reverse the insecticide resistance trend. Olyset Duo is a novel LLIN that combines the insecticide properties of permethrin and the chemosterilising effect of pyriproxyfen (PPF). The rationale is that resistant mosquitoes that survive the contact with the net would not be able to transfer the resistance genes to the offspring, eventually influencing the resistant phenotype of the mosquito population. In the first part of this study the sterilising and sub-lethal effect of PPF and Olyset Duo was evaluated by a range of bioassays with laboratory and wild mosquito populations. PPF significantly affected the longevity, oogenesis, oviposition and hatching rate of susceptible and resistant mosquitoes, although the effect was partially diminished on the resistant colonies. The possible reasons and implications of PPF performance under controlled conditions are discussed. The second part of this thesis was done within the context of an Olyset Duo Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) set in Banfora District, Burkina Faso. The RCT had a stepped-wedge design which ensured that Olyset Duo nets gradually replaced Olyset nets in randomly allocated cluster of villages until the Olyset Duo coverage was total. Wild mosquitoes collected in sentinel sites with Olyset Duo showed evident signs of reproductive impairment even after 1 year of deployment. Insecticide resistance strength was monitored during the RCT in several sentinel sites, and time-response data showed an overall reduction of permethrin resistance strength after the distribution of Olyset Duo. This is the most detailed study on the effect of Olyset Duo on key entomological factors of wild mosquito populations. The standardised protocols as well as the dataset obtained are valuable information for ongoing evaluation of Olyset Duo and PPF as a tool for controlling malaria mosquitoes and as a potential alternative for insecticide resistance management.

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Letaw, Alathea Diana 1984. "The Effects of Rapid Climate Change on Small Populations of the Pitcher-Plant Mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10154.

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viii, 21 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
To determine the relative effects of rapid climate change on selection and drift in small populations, nine northern populations of the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii, were exposed to directional selection equivalent to 180 years of climate change, while control populations were maintained in their native climate. After three years, fitness had declined in the selected but not the control populations, indicating an adverse effect of climate change. When both selected and control populations were then reared in the selected climate, they showed no difference in fitness, indicating no genetic response to selection. Importantly, however, fitness was negatively correlated with accumulated inbreeding in both control and selected populations, pointing out that the effects of inbreeding and drift exceeded those of selection imposed by rapid climate change. Therefore, small northern populations at expanding edges of species' distributions should be most vulnerable to continued climate change.
Committee in Charge: Dr. William Bradshaw, Chair; Dr. Christina Holzapfel; Dr. Nathan Tublitz

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Yamana, Teresa K. (Teresa Keiko). "Simulations and predictions of mosquito populations in rural Africa using rainfall inputs from satellites and forecasts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62048.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.
Page 102 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-101).
This thesis describes studies on the use of the Hydrology, Entomology and Malaria Transmission Simulator (HYDREMATS) developed and tested against field data by Bomblies et al. (2008) in simulating and predicting the potential for malaria transmission in rural Africa. The first study examined the temporal resolution of rainfall input required by HYDREMATS. Simulations conducted over Banizoumbou village in Niger showed that for reasonably accurate simulation of mosquito populations, the model requires rainfall data with at least 1 hour resolution. The second study investigated whether HYDREMATS could be effectively forced by satellite based estimates of rainfall instead of ground based observations. The CPC Morphing technique (CMORPH) (Joyce et al., 2004) precipitation estimates distributed by NOAA are available at a 30-minute temporal resolution and 8 km spatial resolution. We compared mosquito populations simulated by HYDREMATS when the model is forced by adjusted CMORPH estimates and by ground observations. The results indicate that adjusted CMORPH rainfall estimates can be used with HYDREMATS to simulate the dynamics of mosquito populations and malaria transmission with accuracy similar to that obtained when using ground observations of rainfall. The third study tested the ability of HYDREMATS to make short term predictions about mosquito populations. A method was developed by which the rainfall forcing for HYDREMATS is constructed to suit a prediction mode. Observed rainfall is used up until the date of the prediction. The rainfall for the following two weeks (or four weeks) is assumed to be the seasonal mean for that period. HYDREMATS predictions using this method were not significantly different from simulations using observed data.This thesis describes studies on the use of the Hydrology, Entomology and Malaria Transmission Simulator (HYDREMATS) developed and tested against field data by Bomblies et al. (2008) in simulating and predicting the potential for malaria transmission in rural Africa. The first study examined the temporal resolution of rainfall input required by HYDREMATS. Simulations conducted over Banizoumbou village in Niger showed that for reasonably accurate simulation of mosquito populations, the model requires rainfall data with at least 1 hour resolution. The second study investigated whether HYDREMATS could be effectively forced by satellite based estimates of rainfall instead of ground based observations. The CPC Morphing technique (CMORPH) (Joyce et al., 2004) precipitation estimates distributed by NOAA are available at a 30-minute temporal resolution and 8 km spatial resolution. We compared mosquito populations simulated by HYDREMATS when the model is forced by adjusted CMORPH estimates and by ground observations. The results indicate that adjusted CMORPH rainfall estimates can be used with HYDREMATS to simulate the dynamics of mosquito populations and malaria transmission with accuracy similar to that obtained when using ground observations of rainfall. The third study tested the ability of HYDREMATS to make short term predictions about mosquito populations. A method was developed by which the rainfall forcing for HYDREMATS is constructed to suit a prediction mode. Observed rainfall is used up until the date of the prediction. The rainfall for the following two weeks (or four weeks) is assumed to be the seasonal mean for that period. HYDREMATS predictions using this method were not significantly different from simulations using observed data.
by Teresa K. Yamana.
S.M.

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Books on the topic "Mosquito populations"

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Bureau, Pan American Sanitary. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas: Guidelines for prevention and control. Washington, D.C: Pan American Health Organization, Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, 1994.

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Bureau, Pan American Sanitary. Dengue y dengue hemorrágico en las Américas: Guías para su prevención y control. Washington, D.C: Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana, Oficina Regional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, 1995.

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3

Mueller, Dana. Malaria and Dengue Fever. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0052.

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Malaria is a vector-borne parasitic illness characterized by acute fever, headache, chills, and vomiting. Medications must target both the parasite’s active and inactive forms. During pregnancy, treatment regimens should consist of quinine and clindamycin. Person-to-person transmission can occur via sharing of blood products or during pregnancy. It is possible to contract malaria even while on prophylactic medications because resistance is widespread. Country-specific recommendations for prophylaxis can be found in the CDC’s annual Health Information for International Travel Protection against mosquito bites. Dengue Fever is a vector-borne viral infection that causes a flu-like illness with occasional lethal complications. It occurs primarily in tropical and subtropical regions. All treatment is supportive, ranging from oral rehydration to intravenous fluid administration and vasopressor support. Aspirin and NSAIDs are contraindicated in this population. Person-to-person transmission can occur via sharing of blood products or during pregnancy, although vertical transmission is rare.

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Somsen, Han. From Improvement Towards Enhancement. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.42.

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This chapter discusses a host of what mostly are still isolated ad hoc technology-driven initiatives, usually in support of human (rights) imperatives, which effectively endeavour to engineer and re-engineer living and non-living environments in ways that have no natural, legal, or historical precedent. The umbrella term I propose to capture such initiatives is ‘environmental enhancement’. Potential examples that fit this definition include genetic modification of disease-transmitting mosquitoes to protect human health, solar radiation-management initiatives and other forms of climate engineering to sustain human life on earth, the creation of new life forms to secure food supplies and absorb population growth, and de-extinction efforts that help restore the integrity of ecosystems. The question this paper asks, in the words of Brownsword, is whether conventional environmental law ‘connects’ with environmental enhancement, focusing on EU environmental law, and whether states may be duty-bound to enhance environments in pursuit of human rights imperatives.

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Simberloff, Daniel. Invasive Species. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199922017.001.0001.

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Invasive species come in all sizes, from plant pathogens like the chestnut blight in eastern North America, to the red imported fire ant that has spread throughout the South, the predatory Indian mongoose now found in the Caribbean and Hawaii, and the huge Burmese python populating the Florida swamps. And while many invasive species are safe and even beneficial, the more harmful varieties cost the world economy billions of dollars annually, devastate agriculture, spread painful and even lethal diseases, and otherwise diminish our quality of life in myriad surprising ways. In Invasive Species: What Everyone Needs to Know, award-winning biologist Daniel Simberloff offers a wide-ranging and informative survey that sheds light on virtually every aspect of these biological invaders. Filled with case studies of an astonishing array of invasive species, the book covers such topics as how humans introduce these species-sometimes inadvertently, but often deliberately-the areas that have suffered the most biological invasions, the methods we use to keep our borders safe, the policies we currently have in place to manage these species, and future prospects for controlling their spread. An eminent ecologist, Simberloff analyzes the direct and indirect impacts of invasive species on various ecosystems, such as when non-native species out-compete native species for food or light, describes how invasive species (such as the Asian mosquito that is a vector for West Nile virus, itself an invasive species) transmit pathogens, and explains his acclaimed theory of "invasional meltdown" in which two or more introduced species combine to produce a far more devastating impact than any one of them would have caused alone. The book also discusses the more controversial issues surrounding invasive species and it concludes with suggested readings and a list of related web sites.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mosquito populations"

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Pradhan, Biswajita, Chhandashree Behera, Rabindra Nayak, and Mrutyunjay Jena. "Use of Phytochemicals: A Promising and Eco-Friendly Approach for the Management of Mosquito Vector Populations." In Molecular Identification of Mosquito Vectors and Their Management, 51–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9456-4_4.

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Ruber, E., A. Gilbert, P. A. Montagna, G. Gillis, and E. Cummings. "Effects of impounding coastal salt marsh for mosquito control on microcrustacean populations." In Ecology and Morphology of Copepods, 497–503. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1347-4_62.

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Service, M. W. "Sampling the Egg Population." In Mosquito Ecology, 1–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8113-4_1.

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Service, M. W. "Sampling the Larval Population." In Mosquito Ecology, 75–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8113-4_2.

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Service, M. W. "Sampling the Egg Population." In Mosquito Ecology, 1–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1868-2_1.

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Service, M. W. "Sampling the Larval Population." In Mosquito Ecology, 75–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1868-2_2.

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Service, M. W. "Sampling the Adult Resting Population." In Mosquito Ecology, 210–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8113-4_3.

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Service, M. W. "Sampling the Emerging Adult Population." In Mosquito Ecology, 611–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8113-4_7.

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Service, M. W. "Sampling the Adult Resting Population." In Mosquito Ecology, 210–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1868-2_3.

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Service, M. W. "Sampling the Emerging Adult Population." In Mosquito Ecology, 611–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1868-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mosquito populations"

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Joyce, Andrea L. "Genetic variability ofAedes aegypti(Linnaeus) mosquito populations in El Salvador." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112801.

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Frolova, A. I. "RANGE OF DIAGNOSTIC CONCENTRATIONS FROM DIFFERENT GROUPS OF INSECTICIDES IN RELATION TO INVASIVE SPECIES OF MOSQUITOES OF THE GENUS AEDES." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-82.

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Data on the susceptibility to insecticides of various structures in mosquito larvae of Aedes albopictus that is a vector of arboviral fevers are given. Diagnostic concentrations of insecticides for the detection of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus populations from different districts of the Russia Black Sea coast of the Caucasus are calculated.

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Ravi, Prashant, Uma Syam, and Nachiket Kapre. "Preventive Detection of Mosquito Populations using Embedded Machine Learning on Low Power IoT Platforms." In ACM DEV '16: Annual Symposium on Computing for Development. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3001913.3001917.

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McIntire, Kristina M. "The Hydra Effect: Controlling mosquito populations as a labor of Hercules, overcompensatory response to additional mortality as an effect of behavioral change." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114880.

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Syafarina, Inna, Rifki Sadikin, and Nuning Nuraini. "Mosquito population dynamics from cellular automata-based simulation." In PROGRESS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROCEEDINGS. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4940299.

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Aldila, D., N. Nuraini, E. Soewono, and A. K. Supriatna. "Mathematical model of temephos resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquito population." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES (ICMNS 2012): Science for Health, Food and Sustainable Energy. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4868843.

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Nguyen, An, Dominik Krupke, Mary Burbage, Shriya Bhatnagar, Sandor P. Fekete, and Aaron T. Becker. "U sing a UAV for Destructive Surveys of Mosquito Population." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2018.8463184.

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Rafikov, Marat, and Magno Enrique Mendoza Meza. "Controling the Aedes aegypti mosquito population by Wolbachia-based strategies." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2015 (ICNAAM 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4952181.

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Bossin, Hervé C. "Suppression of an isolated population of the mosquito vectorAedes polynesiensison the atoll of Tetiaroa, French Polynesia, by sustained release ofWolbachia-incompatible male mosquitoes." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114243.

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Soboleva, E. S., V. S. Fedorova, V. A. Burlak, M. V. Sharakhova, and G. N. Artemov. "INVERSION POLYMORPHISM OF NATURAL POPULATIONS ANOPHELES BEKLEMISHEVI STEGNII ET KABANOVA IN WESTERN SIBERIA." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-35.

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The geographical distribution and inversion polymorphism of malaria mosquitoes Anopheles beklemishevi Stegnii et Kabanova in the West Siberia were investigated. X chromosome homozygous cytotypes were defined by fluorescent in situ hybridization of microdissected DNA-probe, labeling the breakpoints region of X chromosome inversions. For the first time the samples, which are homozygous and hemizygous by inversions X1 и X2 were detected. Cytotypes representation and frequencies have not differences between northern and southern (Altay) population of the malaria mosquitoes.

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Reports on the topic "Mosquito populations"

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VanderNoot, Victoria A., Deanna Joy Curtis, Chung-Yan Koh, Benjamin H. Brodsky, and Todd Lane. Enhanced vector borne disease surveillance of California Culex mosquito populations reveals spatial and species-specific barriers of infection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1154713.

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Lounibos, Leon P. Population Regulation of Mansonia Mosquitoes on Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada200800.

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