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1
Greenfield, Bethany Patricia Jane. "Metarhizium pathogenesis of mosquito larvae." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42819.
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Anyanwu, Greg Ike. "Studies on the use of cuticular hydrocarbon analysis for the identification of Anopheles larvae." Thesis, University of Salford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304663.
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Feltelius, Vilhelm, and Rasmus Elleby. "Habitat characterization for malaria vector mosquito larvae in Gamo Gofa, Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-233924.
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Malaria is a widespread parasitic disease in developing countries of the tropics and subtropics, infecting approximately 200 million people and causing over half a million deaths every year. The disease is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium and is transferred to humans through infective bites from female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. In order to reduce malaria transmission, measures of larval control have been implemented throughout the tropics. This includes usage of larvicides, source reduction by environmental or physiochemical manipulation as well elimination of larval habitats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in occurrence and densities of anopheline larvae by investigating the environmental characteristics of their habitat. The study was conducted in the Gamo Gofa Zone, Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia where a total of 26 sampling sites were chosen for larval sampling. Each sampling site was characterized according to a protocol and sampled for water chemistry analysis. Environmental variables studied include water depth, habitat size, distance to nearest dwelling, land use within a 10 m and 100 m from the sampling site and number of domestic animals within a 100 m. Physiochemical variables include water temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and phosphate. Larval sampling was conducted on each site using a soup ladle dipper. The occurrence of anopheline larvae was statistically analysed using multiple logistic regressions, while using linear regression for analysing larval abundance at positive sites. Larval sampling resulted in a total of 1245 mosquito larvae, 567 anopheline and 678 non-anopheline. Of the anopheline larvae, 118 were analysed morphologically by microscopy which resulted in 117 belonging to An. gambiae complex and one An. garnhami. Of the 26 sites investigated, 16 were positive for anopheline larvae. All sampled river fringes and flood pools were positive for anopheline larvae whereas none were found in irrigation channels. Negative correlation for anopheline larval occurrence was obtained for both water depth and percentage of tall vegetation within 10 m radius of the sampling area. Anopheline larval abundance was only correlated, positively, with water temperature. The study concludes that water depth, temperature and percentage of tall riparian vegetation are important factors to consider when designing a control program for anopheline larvae. One should be aware of the fact that clearing riparian forest and other tall vegetation is likely to improve growing conditions for anopheline larvae. Furthermore, different habitat classes were either exclusively positive or negative for anopheline larvae, irrigation channels in the area not being suitable larval habitats during the time of measurements. The authors suggest that more studies are needed, preferably on a larger set of sampling sites and over a longer period. Keywords: Anopheles, Ethiopia, larval habitats, water quality, environmental variables, Gamo Gofa zone.
4
Jones, Gareth Wyn. "Novel Bacillus sphaericus binary toxin active against bin-resistant culex mosquito larvae." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56081/.
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Some Bacillus sphaericus strains (e.g. IAB59, LP1G and 47-6B) can overcome resistance in Culex mosquito larvae, raised against the well characterised binary toxin from this bacterium. A common spore protein (P49), of approximately 49 kDa, produced by these strains has previously been proposed to be responsible for this toxicity. Protein fingerprint analysis of sporulated cultures of these strains identified a number of candidate toxins. Their N-terminal sequences were determined and used to design degenerate oligonucleotide probes. Southern blotting, cloning and colony hybridisation allowed the identification of clones containing genes encoding the putative toxins Cry49Aal (P49) and Cry48Aal (P135) from IAB59. The 1,395 bp cry49Aal gene encodes a protein of 53.3 kDa, showing homology to BinA and BinB from B. sphaericus as well as Cry36Aal and the Cry35 binary toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis. The 3,534 bp cry48Aal gene encodes a 135.6 kDa protein showing homology to the three-domain Cry toxins from B. thuringiensis, including the mosquitocidal Cry4Aa and Cry4Ba from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Individual expression of these proteins in an acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain, followed by bioassays against mosquito larvae revealed no toxicity. However, a Cry48Aal/Cry49Aal combination was toxic to both Bin-susceptible and Bin-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquito larvae were insensitive to the combination, as were a range of other dipteran, coleopteran and lepidopteran insects. The components of this novel binary toxin from B. sphaericus are highly conserved among strains able to overcome resistance. Differential processing of Cry48Aal by C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti larval gut proteinases is not responsible for the non-toxicity towards the latter mosquito. Cry49Aal and Cry48Aal form bipyramidal and amorphous crystals respectively at sporulation and their expression involves RNA polymerase factor cr6 in B. subtilis. Discovery of Cry49Aal and Cry48Aal may prove central in the development of strategies to avoid resistance development against B. sphaericus in Culex populations.
5
Yadav, Priyanka. "Factors affecting mosquito populations in created wetlands." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253029098.
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Autran, Lyris. "Feeding preferences of Chaoborus americanus larvae (Diptera:Chaoboridae) and their potential effect on mosquito populations." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33376.
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Chaoborus americanus larvae were used in laboratory experiments to assess their efficiency at decreasing mosquito larval populations. Third and fourth instar Chaoborus americanus larvae were independently fed assemblages of single prey species to test hunger and several prey species to test preference. Prey species included Daphnia and the four Aedes aegypti larval instars. The results show that Chaoborus americanus larvae will choose early instar mosquito larvae over Daphnia, however, this preference decreases as the mosquito larvae become older. Third instar Chaoborus americanus larvae will choose first instar mosquito larvae over Daphnia 76% of the time, whereas they will select third instar mosquito larvae only 30% of the time. Fourth instar Chaoborus americanus larvae will choose first instar mosquito larvae 94% of the time, and select fourth instar mosquito larvae only 3% of the time. Crowding also has an effect on feeding times; individual Chaoborus larvae take more time to ingest their prey items than do individuals within a group. Chaoborus americanus larvae are good biological control agents within a laboratory setting.
7
Taha, Awad Khalafalla. "Ecology of Aedes cantans (Meigen) larvae and effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357080.
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Theron, Dirk Leopold. "The biological control of malaria mosquito larvae using smaller indigenous freshwater fish species." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2611.
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Ikeda, Yoshio. "A Calcium ATPase in Mosquito Larvae as a Putative Receptor for Cry Toxins." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367549657.
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Berry, Nicole Lynn. "DOES DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER PROTECT MOSQUITO LARVAE FROM DAMAGE BY SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1547210872871561.
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11
Ng, Karen Karpui. "Malpighian tubules of A. dorsalis mosquito larvae : general characteristics and mechanism of magnesium transport." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24873.
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Malpighian tubules of A. dorsalis mosquito larvae, studied in vitro, actively transported magnesium at high rates against concentration gradients as large as 16-fold and transepithelial potential gradients of approximately -l5mV. Fluid secretion rates, determined over 90 minute periods, in the presence and absence of cAMP, indicated that A. dorsalis tubules were viable and had secretion rates of the same magnitude as those reported for A. taeniorhynchus tubules. Having characterized the in vitro preparation of Malpighian tubules, the main hypothesis that Mg²⁺ transport is driven predominately by counter transport with Na⁺ was tested. This hypothesis was not supported by kinetic, Na-substitution, or inhibitor studies. Kinetic and Bumetanide studies suggest backflux of K drives J mg;
however, this was not consistently found in other studies.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
12
Abd-Eldayem, Mohamed Sabry Abd-Elaziz. "A study of the quantitative relationship between the blood density of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and development of infective larvae in Culex pipens molestus in Egypt." Thesis, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247427.
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13
Lambert, David J., and n/a. "Ecology of invertebrates and predator - prey interactions on mosquito larvae in urban wetlands, ACT Australia." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060815.125401.
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Giralang Pond was a water body, with little emergent or submerged
vegetation, designed to trap fine sediment and buffer input of rising water
to Ginninderra Wetland downstream. Ginninderra Wetland was designed
to retain and use sediment nutrients and other potential hazardous materials
in urban run-off. Water in the Wetland was more turbid and had lower
magnesium concentration, redox potentials and dissolved oxygen
concentration than did Giralang Pond. Water temperature was a minimum
of 4 °C in the winter and reached a summer maximum of 30 °C
Giralang Pond had more organisms but fewer taxa than Ginninderra
Wetland. The greatest abundance in the pond resulted principally from
high numbers of two numerically dominant species Calamoecia sp. and
Micronecta sp.. More organisms were found in vegetated habitats of
Ginninderra Wetland than open water habitats. The number of
invertebrates and the number of taxa found in Typha domingensis did not
differ significantly from similar estimates for Schoenplectus validus,
Gambusia qffinis was the dominant predator in both water bodies. On
one occasion, G. qffinis reached population densities of 35 individuals per
m-2 . G. qffinis was five times more abundant in Gininnderra Wetland than
in Giralang Pond and also showed a preference for vegetated areas.
G. qffinis over-grazed it's prey on several occasions.
G. qffinis, invertebrate predators and prey followed a pattern of a
community in a stable predator-prey cycle. Prey in early spring increased
population numbers and then decreased when G. qffinis and other predators
increased their numbers. The pattern was further strengthened by occurring
in both areas of open water and vegetated habitat types.
14
Dongus, Stefan. "Urban agriculture and operational mosquito larvae control : mitigating malaria risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8749.
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15
Gilchriest, Travis R. "In situ marking of Culex tarsalis larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) with ¹⁵N a novel technique in mosquito mark-capture studies /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594501141&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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16
Noble, Thomas H. "Effects of nitric and sulfuric-nitric acid solutions on mortality and development of aedes triseriatus mosquito larvae and pupae." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/452402.
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An acid rain simulation was created under laboratory conditions to study the effects of mortality rates and developmental time of Aedes triseriatus (Say) mosquito larvae. Two hundred-forty instar 1 mosquitoes were placed into separate 120 ml glass jars containing rain water adjusted to pH 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 with a nitric acid solution. A second part of the experiment was set up like the first except a 70 percent to 30 percent sulfuric-nitric acid solution was used to adjust pH levels. Mortality and developmental time was observed until the insects reached maturity or died.No significant differences at the .05 level in mortality rates were observed between larvae raised in nitric acid solution as compared to sulfuric acid solution. However, exposures to 70 to 30% sulfuric-nitric solution resulted in a significantly (0.05) higher mortality at pH levels 4, 5, and 6 than the sulfuric acid or nitric acid exposures.Developmental time did not vary more the 0.5 days between the sulfuric acid exposure group and the nitric acid group except at pH 4.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
17
Shen, Meng-Chieh. "Ferritin Secretion in Aedes aegypti Larval Cells." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193385.
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Female mosquitoes lay eggs after the consuming a blood meal. The iron storage protein ferritin could be involved with iron movement among body tissues in insects. Mosquito ferritin is present in hemolymph (blood) and the messages for the heavy and light chain subunits contain secretion signal sequences. These subunits may be targeted to the secretory pathway. We found that Aedes aegypti larval cells (CCL-125) exposed to iron as ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) increased ferritin secretion in a dose-dependent manner. In order to study the secretory pathway of ferritin, we attempted to disrupt the Golgi by treating CCL-125 cells with brefeldin A (BFA) and monensin. Unexpectedly, neither BFA nor monensin inhibits iron-induced ferritin secretion. These data suggest that either CCL-125 cells are highly resistant to these agents or ferritin is secreted independently of the classical ER-Golgi pathway.
18
Vongsombath, Chanda. "Botanical Repellents and Pesticides Traditionally Used Against Haematophagous Invertebrates in Lao PDR." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-149991.
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Haematophagous parasites and disease vectors such as leeches, ticks, mites, lice, bed bugs, mosquitoes, and myiasis-causing fly larvae are common health problems in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). A main aim of my field work in Lao PDR in 2006-2010 was to document traditional knowledge among different ethnic groups about plants that people use to repel or to kill blood-feeding invertebrates. We carried out structured interviews in 66 villages comprising 17 ethnic groups, covering a range of ethnic group, throughout Lao PDR and recorded a total of 92 plant species - in 123 different plant-ectoparasite combinations - that are used as traditional repellents and/or as “pesticides” to kill "pest" invertebrates. Traditional use was confirmed in the scientific literature for 74 of these plant species, and for an additional 13 species based on literature on closely related species. We concluded that repellents and pesticides from many plant species are commonly used in the Lao countryside. We also investigated traditionally used Lao plants for their activity to repel or to kill certain disease vectors and parasites. Target organisms were mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae), fly larvae (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) in fermented fish production, and terrestrial blood-sucking leeches (Hirudinea, Haemadipsidae). The potential mosquito repellent activities of essential oils of Croton roxburghii (Euphorbiaceae), Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae), and Litsea cubeba (Lauraceae) were evaluated in the field near Vientiane. Oils at concentrations of 1.7-6.7 µg/cm2 were significantly repellent to Aedes, Armigeres and Culex attracted to human baits. The activities against fly larvae, infesting fermenting fish, of three plant species, Tadehagi triquetrum (Fabaceae), Uraria crinita (Fabaceae) and Bambusa multiplex (Poaceae) were investigated: When fresh material of the plants was added on top of fermenting fish infested with fly larvae significant proportions of the larvae were repelled or killed. The total protective effect, i.e., repellent and killing effect combined, of T. triquetrum, U. crinita, and B. multiplex was 60-83 %, 77-90 %, and 60-93 %, respectively. Field evaluation of the potential leech repellent activities of water extracts of Sapindus rarak (Sapindaceae), Catunaregam spathulifolia (Rubiaceae) and Vernonia elaeagnifolia, (Asteraceae) impregnated on stockings and worn by persons in two leech-infested biotopes revealed leech repellent activities of 82.6%, 62.6% and 63.0%, respectively. The corresponding repellencies of deltamethrin and diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (DEET) were 73.1% and 88.4%, respectively. Identification of the active components in certain of the plants with the ultimate aim to develop more optimal, less costly repellents, insecticides, acaricides, and anti-leech compounds as alternatives to synthetic repellents and pesticides against blood-feeding insects, ticks, mites, and leeches is in progress.
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Almeida, Fabio de. "Alterações reprodutivas causadas pela infecção por Wolbachia pipientis em Culex quinquefasciatus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-19062013-083726/.
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Wolbachia é uma bactéria endossimbionte que interfere na reprodução de seus hospedeiros. Dentre os efeitos estão: partenogênese, morte dos machos, feminização, alterações na aptidão reprodutiva e incompatibilidade citoplasmática. Este trabalho avalia e compara as diferenças fisiológicas e reprodutivas entre Culex quinquefasciatus infectados e não-infectados por Wolbachia. As larvas de mosquitos não-infectadas atingem o estágio adulto anteriormente. As fêmeas adultas não- infectadas têm maior capacidade de depositar ovos, depositam uma maior quantidade de ovos e estes são também mais viáveis. Em contrapartida as fêmeas infectadas vivem mais tempo quando alimentadas com sangue, e necessitam de menos tempo, após a alimentação sanguínea, para depositar ovos. O fato de os mosquitos não-infectados terem uma melhor aptidão reprodutiva pode estar relacionado a diferenças na quantidade de vitelogenina. Constatamos que o tamanho alar não é significativamente alterado com a desinfecção, porém a assimetria bilateral alar dos mosquitos infectados é mais acentuada.Wolbachia is an endosymbiont bacterium that interferes on reproduction of their hosts. It can cause: parthenogenesis, male-killing, feminilization, alterations in reproductive fitness and cytoplasmic incompatibility. This study evaluated and compared physiological and reproductive differences between Culex quinquefasciatus infected and non-infected with Wolbachia. We noted that the mosquito larvae of non-infected mosquitoes reach the adult stage earlier. Uninfected adult females have higher ability to lay eggs, lay more eggs and those eggs have higher viability. In contrast, infected females live longer when fed with blood, and require less time after blood feeding to lay eggs. The fact that non-infected mosquitoes have better reproductive fitness may be related to differences in the amount of vitellogenin. We noted that wing size is not significantly altered by the infection, and that the infected mosquitoes showed higher bilateral wing asymmetry.
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Alves, Stênio Nunes. "Efeitos da ivermectina em larvas de Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2000. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9722.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar, nos parâmetros morfológicos e biológicos, após a exposição das larvas de Culex. quinquefasciatus à concentração de 1,5 ppb de ivermectina, o comportamento e a sobrevivência de C. quinquefasciatus, as possíveis alterações morfológicas no corpo gorduroso das larvas, as possíveis alterações no número de ínstares, número médio de ovos por postura da fêmea, duração do período larval e a assimetria flutuante nos adultos. Na sua execução foram utilizadas 601 larvas de 3o e 4o ínstar do mosquito como material biológico, que foram obtidas de criação semi natural. As larvas foram colocadas em recipientes plásticos num período de 30 minutos de exposição à droga. Após a exposição à solução do fármaco, foram lavadas em água desclorada e colocadas em gaiolas teladas para acompanhamento do desenvolvimento. Após a postura, os ovos foram separados e as larvas eclodidas, contadas. Algumas larvas submetidas a 1,5 ppb de ivermectina, foram utilizadas para o preparo de amostras para estudos em histologia. Para a análise de assimetria flutuante, 40 machos e 43 fêmeas adultas do grupo controle e 39 machos e 40 fêmeas adultas, sobreviventes das larvas expostas à concentração de 1,5 ppb de ivermectina, foram selecionados e destes, retiradas suas asas para posterior observação através do microscópio estereoscópico com câmera de vídeo acoplada. Foram realizadas medidas de comprimento das nervuras R3, R4+5, M1, M2, M3+4 e do perímetro das nervuras M1 e M2. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho mostraram que a ivermectina na concentração de 1,5 ppb causou paralisia nas larvas com 73,38% de mortalidade, aumento das gotículas de lipídios no corpo gorduroso larval e uma diminuição do número de posturas. Foi verificado também, alteração na assimetria flutuante (AF), sendo maior no grupo controle e nas fêmeas.
The present work aims to investigate the behavior and the survival rate of Culex. quinquefasciatus, and to determine the lethal effect of ivermectin based on morphologic and biologic parameters of a 1.5 ppb concentration of C. quinquefasciatus larvae, and possible alterations of their fat body. Larvae of mosquito were obtained from semi-natural breeding as biologic material. Changes in the number of instars, average number of eggs per laying, length of the larval stage and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) were studied in adults. For this experiment, 601 larvae of 3rd and 4th instars of the mosquito were obtained and placed in plastic containers and exposed for 30 minutes. The laid eggs were separated and the hatched larvae were counted. Some larvae submitted to 1.5 ppb of ivermectin were used to prepare samples for histologic study. For asymmetry analyses, 40 floating males and 43 adult females of the control group which survived exposure to 1.5 ppb of ivermectin were selected and from them, the posterior observation through stereoscopic microscope with video camera mounting. R3, R4+5, M1, M2, M3+4 nervures and the perimeter of M1 and M2 nervures were measured. The results obtained show that ivermectin in a concentration of 1.5 ppb caused paralysis to the larvae with a mortality rate of 73.38%, an increase in the number of lipid droplets in the fat body and an reduction of the number of egg layings in the adult. It was also observed that the FA is larger in females than in males and also larger in the treated group than in the control one.
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Ingrassia, Amanda. "Larval competition between the native treehole mosquito Ochlerotatus triseriatus and the invasive mosquito Ochlerotatus japonicus using natural diets." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Tokarz, Ryan E. "Spatial-temporal Distribution of Mosquito Larval Hot Spots in Papoli, Uganda: A Community-Based Approach to Mosquito Control." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7448.
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Mosquito species of the Anopheles gambaie complex are the predominant vectors of malaria transmission throughout sub-Saharan Africa. These mosquitoes tend to be endophilic, as well as anthropophilic, making them prime candidates for disease transmission. Within the same region, related mosquito vectors play a significant role in the transmission of additional human and zoonotic diseases. Furthermore, mosquito nuisance biting is an immense issue that cannot be ignored in terms of its impact on African communities. Depending on the respective factors involved, mosquito control programs throughout the continent have attempted to tackle these issues in a multitude of ways. This research approached the issue by developing and integrating an American-style mosquito control district within the eastern Ugandan community of Papoli. The basic structure of such a district was blended with a community-based approach, employing local community members and leaders, thus ensuring an effective and sustainable program. A guide detailing all aspects and steps needed to properly develop and implement such a program is outlined.
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Anderson, Robert Derek. "Reducing orthophosphates in retention ponds and its impact on larval mosquito abundance." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 98 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397903371&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Vyas-Patel, N. "Romanomermis species (Nematoda: Mermithidae), as biocontrol agents for larval mosquito control in East Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255206.
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Correa-O, Margarita M. "Potential of the mosquito pathogen Bacillus sphaericus for recycling and gene transfer in larval cadavers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37459.
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Silva, Gilcia Aparecida de Carvalho. "Estudos sobre xifidiocercarias (Trematoda) e seu parasitismo em larvas de mosquitos (Diptera : Culcidae)." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314448.
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Orientadores: Carlos Fernando Salgueirosa de Andrade, Marlene Tiduko UetaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de xifidiocercárias na região de Campinas e em duas localidades no Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo e estudar o parasitismo das mesmas sobre larvas de mosquitos da família Culicidae em condições experimentais. Realizaram-se coletas de moluscos em corpos de água doce na região de Campinas e nos municípios de Registro e Miracatu no Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo, no período de setembro de 1996 a fevereiro de 1999. Foram coletadas as espécies Lymnaea columella, Physa marmorata, Biomphalaria tenagophila, Drepanotrema cimex e D. lucidum. Também foram coletados exemplares de Biomphalaria e Drepanotrema os quais não foram dissecados para a confirmação da espécie, podendo pertencer à uma das espécies acima identificadas. Após a exposição dos moluscos à luz incandescente de 60 W encontrou-se exemplares de limneídeos provenientes de Miracatu, SP, apresentando uma variação de 0,2 a 1,0% de parasitismo por cercárias de Fascio/a hepatica, 0,4 a 8,3% de parasitismo por xifidiocercárias (Haematoloechidae) e 3,3% de parasitismo por cercárias de equinostomatídeo, além de moluscos planorbídeos parasitados por furcocercárias (prevalência de 1,5%), cercárias de equinostomatídeo com 14,1% de prevalência e 1,5 a 15,6% de parasitismo por xifidiocercárias. As xifidiocercárias encontradas em planorbídeos eram diferentes das obtidas de limneídeos. Em Louveira, SP, foi encontrado um exemplar de Biomphalaria sp. parasitado por furcocercárias (1,9%). Na localidade ROSA em Campinas, SP encontrou-se um exemplar de Biomphalaria sp. e um de L. columella parasitados por furcocercárias (7,6%) e cercárias de equinostomatídeo (1,5%), respectivamente. Na lagoa da UNlCAMP, atrás da Faculdade de Educação Física (UNI-I), também em Campinas, encontrou-se um exemplar de L. columella parasitado por furcocercárias (2,3%). Três exemplares de B. tenagophila provenientes de Miracatu, estavam duplamente infectados por furcocercárias, tanto com ocelo como sem esta estrutura totalizando 3,8% de parasitismo por estas cercárias, além de seis moluscos da mesma espécie (4,3%) com infecção dupla por xifidiocercárias e cercárias de equinostomatídeo. Dois exemplares de L. columella da mesma localidade, também apresentaram infecção dupla por xifidiocercárias e cercárias de F. hepatica (4,4%) e um exemplar com xifidiocercárias e equinostomatídeo (1,7%). Houve também infecção dupla por xifidiocercárias e rédias em quatro moluscos, que apresentou parasitismo variando de 1,2 a 3,2%. Estudou-se a morfologia das xifidiocercárias eliminadas por L. columella e comparou se com descrições de outros autores. Com estes estudos, concluiu-se que as mesmas pertenciam a subordem Plagiorchiata, fanúlia Haematoloechidae, mais provavelmente gênero Haematoloechus. Tais cercárias, quando colocadas em contato com larvas de mosquitos das espécies Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus ou Ae. aegypti, penetraram e encistaram nas larvas, formando as metacercárias. Observou-se em geral atraso no desenvolvimento das larvas de culicídeos parasitadas, que na maioria das vezes evoluíram até a morte. A infecção nas larvas foi sempre de 100% e a mortalidade máxima nos experimentos foi de 72,2% para larvas de Cx. quinquefasciatus, 100% para Ae. albopictus e 95% para Ae. aegypti. Verificou-se ainda, que quando não ocorreu a morte das larvas infectadas pelas xifidiocercárias, destas emergiam adultos infectados com metacercárias vivas e bem ativas. Também foi feita uma simples infecção experimental em rãs da espécie Rana catesbeiana, considerando-se anfibios como possíveis hospedeiros definitivos. Larvas de mosquito parasitadas por xifidiocercárias foram oralmente administradas às rãs, mas não foi possível recuperar nenhum trematódeo nos órgãos dos anfibios
Abstract: The present work airned to evaluate the xiphidiocercariae occurrence in Campinas region and two places in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State, and to study the xiphidiocercariae parasitism in mosquitoes larvae (Culicidae) under experimental conditions. Snails were collected ITom ITesh water collections in the region of Campinas, Registro and Miracatu in the Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State, in the period ITom September-1996 to February-1999. The species collected were Lymnaea columella, Physa marmorata, Biomphalaria tenagophila, Biomphalaria sp., Drepanotrema cimex, D. lucidum and Drepanotrema sp. After exposing the snails to incandescent light (60 W), lymnaeid snails ITom Miracatu, SP, infected by Fasciola hepatica were found presenting of 0,2 to 1,0% of parasitism, besides 0,4 to 8,3% of parasitism with xiphidiocercariae (Haematoloechidae) and 3,3% of parasitism with echinostomatid cercariae. For the same locality planorbid snails were found parasited with furcocercariae (1,5% of prevalence), with echinostomatid cercariae (14,1% of prevalence) and xiphidiocercariae ITom 1,5 to 15,6% of parasitism. The xiphidiocercariae found in planorbid were different ITom that obtained ITom lymnaeid. In Louveira, SP it was found one Biomphalaria sp. snail infected with furcocercariae (1,9%). In the ROSA place (Campinas), SP it was found an individual of Biomphalaria sp. and one of L. columella infected by furcocercariae (7,6%) and echinostomatid cercariae (1,5%), respectively. In the place UNI-I, also in Campinas, one L. columella was infected by furcocercariae (2,3%). Three individuaIs of B. tenagophila from Miracatu were double infected by two types of furcocercariae, (with or without ocellus), totaling 3,8% of parasitism for these cercariae, besides six snails of the same species (4,3%) with double infection for xiphidiocercariae and echinostomatid cercariae. Two L. columella from the same place, also presented double infectionfor xiphidiocercariae and F. hepatica (4,4%) and an exemplary with xiphidiocercariae and echinostomatid cercariae (1,7%). There was also double infection for xiphidiocercariae and rediae in four snails that presented a parasitism varying of 1,2 to 3,2%. The morphology of the xiphidiocercariae eliminated by L. columella was studied and comparison with other authors descriptions. From these studies, it was possible to conc1ude the cercariae belonging to the suborder Plagiorchiata, family Haematoloechidae, and probably genus Haematoloechus. When in contact with mosquitoes larvae of the species Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus or Ae. aegypti, such cercariae penetrated and encysted in the larvae forming metacercàriae. It was observed in general a developmental of delay the culicid larvae caused by the parasitism that most of the time developed to the death. The infection in the larvae was always accomplished (100%) and the maximum mortality in the experiments was of 72,2% to Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae, 100% for Ae. albopictus and 95% for Ae. aegypti. It was still veritied that when the death do not occured to the xiphidiocercariae infected larvae, the resulting adults were infected with ative and very active metacercariae. It was also made a simple experimental infection in frogs of the specie Rana catesbeiana, considering amphibians as possible definitive host. Mosquito larvae parasited by xiphidiocercariae where orally administred to the frogs but it was not possible to recover any trematode in the amphibians organs
Mestrado
Mestre em Parasitologia
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Vilela, Ana Paula Pessoa. "Monitoramento do Dengue virus circulante em larvas e mosquitos adultos de Aedes aegypti." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9EFHN9.
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O Dengue virus é o agente etiológico da dengue, a arbovirose mais prevalente no mundo, sendo, anualmente, notificados cerca de 50 milhões de casos. Os mosquitos vetores da dengue pertencem ao gênero Aedes, sendo a espécie Aedes aegypti, o principal vetor. Este trabalho busca o aprimoramento de técnicas de detecção do genoma de Dengue virus em larvas e mosquitos adultos a fim de otimizar os métodos de predição de epidemias que utilizam armadilhas para captura do vetor. Neste trabalho, a presença do genoma viral em mosquitos e larvas foi analisada por RT-PCR. As larvas e mosquitos adultos processados pertencem a um bairro da regional Noroeste de Belo Horizonte, MG, que apresenta os maiores índices de prevalência de dengue nos últimos anos, em Belo Horizonte (36% do total de casos notificados até 2006). Para a captura de ovos e mosquitos adultos foram utilizados quatro métodos de amostragem: Ovitrampa, BG-Trap®R, MosquiTRAPR e Aspirador de NasciR. Dos insetos coletados, 661 fêmeas, 372 machos e 28808 larvas foram macerados e submetidos à extração de RNA. A presença do genoma viral foi detectada por RT-PCR em 13,2% dos pools de larvas de Ae. Aegypti, em 16,6% dos pools de machos da BG-Trap® e em 20% dos pools de machos do Aspirador de Nasci. Para os pools de fêmeas analisados, foi encontrada a presença do genoma viral numa percentagem de 14,3% para a BG-Trap® e 16,6% para a MosquiTRAP. As técnicas moleculares utilizadas se mostraram eficientes, sendo a presença do genoma viral detectada em até 0,1 PFU. As armadilhas se mostraram eficientes na captura do vetor, sendo a MosquiTRAPR mais eficiente em coletas de fêmeas grávidas, capazes de transmitir o vírus. A metodologia é eficiente e pode ser empregada em programas de monitoramento para controle e prevenção da doença.
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Alto, Barry W. "Larval competition and adult susceptibility to arbovirus infection in container mosquitoes." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014961.
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Oliveira, Ana Patrícia Silva de. "Torta de Sementes de Moringa oleifera Como Fonte de Compostos Com Efeitos Deletérios Na Sobrevivência e No Desenvolvimento de Larvas de Aedes aegypti." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12689.
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Sementes de Moringa oleifera possuem elevado conteúdo de óleo (27–40%), o qual é utilizado na produção de biocombustível. A torta de sementes corresponde ao material residual obtido após o processo de extração do óleo. As sementes de moringa contêm as lectinas WSMoL (do inglês water-soluble M. oleifera lectin) e cMoL (do inglês coagulant M. oleifera lectin). WSMoL possui atividade larvicida (CL50 de 0,197 mg/mL) contra Aedes aegypti, mosquito vetor da dengue. Diferentemente, cMoL não possui ação larvicida. O presente trabalho descreve a torta de moringa obtida após extração do óleo com solvente orgânico como fonte de lectinas e outros compostos com efeitos deletérios sobre larvas de A. aegypti. A torta foi obtida após extração do óleo das sementes de moringa com n-hexano durante 6 h, utilizando extrator do tipo Soxhlet. Suspensões aquosas à base da torta (CS, do inglês cake suspensions) foram obtidas a partir da adição de 0,2, 0,6, 1,2 ou 3,0 g do pó da torta a água destilada (1 L), seguida de rápida agitação manual por 3 min, repouso por 30 min e filtração em papel de filtro. As suspensões foram avaliadas quanto à atividade hemaglutinante, concentração de proteínas e efeito sobre o desenvolvimento larval. Para purificação de lectinas, extrato aquoso foi obtido através da homogeneização do pó da torta (10 g) em água destilada (100 mL) por 16 h a 4 °C, seguida de centrifugação (9.000 g, 15 min). O extrato foi tratado com sulfato de amônio a 60% e a fração de proteínas precipitadas, enriquecida em lectinas, foi dialisada contra NaCl 0,15 M e cromatografada em coluna de quitina equilibrada com NaCl 0,15 M. As proteínas adsorvidas na coluna foram eluídas com ácido acético 1,0 M e, após diálise contra água destilada, as frações que apresentaram atividade hemaglutinante foram reunidas (MoCL, M. oleifera cake lectins). MoCL foi avaliada quanto ao perfil eletroforético em SDS-PAGE e inibição da atividade hemaglutinante por carboidratos e glicoproteínas. Atividade larvicida do extrato de torta, fração enriquecida em lectinas e MoCL foi avaliada contra larvas de A. aegypti no quarto estágio. As suspensões à base da torta promoveram atraso no desenvolvimento larval. Dentre as larvas incubadas com CS1,2 e CS3,0, 50% e 60% não ultrapassaram o segundo estágio, respectivamente. Nenhuma das suspensões apresentou atividade hemaglutinante nem causou mortalidade das larvas. O extrato de torta e a fração enriquecida em lectinas apresentaram atividade hemaglutinante específica de 26,2 e 39,5, revelando que lectinas de sementes de moringa resistiram ao tratamento com n-hexano. MoCL apresentou atividade hemaglutinante específica de 93.622 (fator de purificação: 3.573) e três bandas polipeptídicas em SDS-PAGE de massas moleculares 10, 15 e 27 kDa. Esses resultados sugerem que MoCL consiste em uma mistura de WSMoL (que se apresenta com polipeptídeos de 10 e 15 kDa em SDS-PAGE) e cMoL (um polipeptídeo de 26,5 kDa em SDS-PAGE). Atividade hemaglutinante de MoCL foi inibida pelos monossacarídeos frutose, glicose, manose, galactose e N-acetilglicosamina, bem como pelas glicoproteínas asialofetuína, caseína e tiroglobulina. Extrato, fração e MoCL apresentaram atividade larvicida, com CL50 de 2,98, 0,95 e 0,89 mg/mL de proteínas, respectivamente. MoCL foi menos ativa que WSMoL obtida a partir de sementes inteiras, provavelmente devido à presença de cMoL na preparação. Em conclusão, torta de sementes de M. oleifera contém lectinas com ação larvicida e compostos capazes de atrasar o desenvolvimento de larvas de A. aegypti. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho agregam novos valores à torta de moringa como recurso biotecnológico, bem como a toda a cadeia de produção de biocombustível a partir da moringa.
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Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes. "Potencial de cinco espécies de peixe como método de controle biológico de larvas de Aedes aegypti, em condições de laboratório, no Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1318.
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CAVALCANTI, Luciano Pamplona de Góes. Potencial de cinco espécies de peixe como método de controle biológico de larvas de Aedes aegypti, em condições de laboratório, no Ceará. 2006. 117 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde Pública)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2006.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2011-11-08T12:05:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_lpgcavalcanti.pdf: 2793222 bytes, checksum: 009a5da9c50bdada3753b6155a5032de (MD5)
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Dengue fever has been shown to be one of the main public health problems in Ceará the principal vector is the Aedes aegypti mosquito In recent decades chemical control has been under question, both due to the insect’s selective resistance capacity and for environmental reasons Thus the use of biological alternatives has been encouraged worldwide Consequently the objective of this study was to evaluate 5 fish species that have been used as an alternative for the control of Aedes aegypti larvae in domestic water tanks in the State of Ceará Brazil The species evaluated were Betta splendens Trichogaster trichopteros Astyanax fasciatus e Poecilias reticulata and sphenops Larvae-eating capacity prefered predation locations and resistence to chlorine were evaluated All five species had a high larvae-eating capacity; Betta splendens and Poecilias were noteworthy for their larger capacity in relation to weight and body size Astyanax fasciatus and Betta splendens appeared to survive well without the presence of larvae or artificial food in the domestic water tanks whilst Poecilias presented a significant weight loss during the 5-week evaluation Regarding the location of predation it was observed that Poecilias spent most of the time at the surface whereas Trichogaster and Betta had greater mobility in the container As to chorine resistance Poecilias had a significant mortality when exposed to concentrations of 0.5mg/litre while other species of Betta and Trichogaster were able to survive concentrations up to 4.00mg/litre Therefore it was possible to demonstrate that the 5 species can be used as biological control alternatives although each one is indicated for different water tanks due mainly to the food available and the chlorine concentrations.
O dengue vem se mostrando como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no Ceará e o mosquito Aedes aegypti é seu principal vetor Nas últimas décadas o controle químico vem sendo questionado tanto pela capacidade de seleção de resistência dos insetos quanto por questões ambientais Com isso o uso de alternativas biológicas vem sendo incentivado no mundo Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar 5 espécies de peixe que vem sendo utilizados como alternativa de controle para larvas de Aedes aegypti em depósitos domiciliares no Estado do Ceará As espécies avaliadas foram o Betta splendens Trichogaster trichopteros Astyanax fasciatus e Poecilias reticulata e sphenops Foram avaliadas capacidade larvófaga locais preferenciais de predação e resistência ao cloro Todas as cinco espécies apresentaram uma elevada capacidade larvófaga destacando-se o Betta splendens e os Poecilias por apresentarem as maiores capacidades em relação ao peso e tamanho corporal As espécies Astyanax fasciatus e Betta splendens parecem sobreviver bem sem a presença de larvas ou alimentos artificiais nos reservatórios domiciliares enquanto os Poecilias apresentam uma perda significativa de peso durante as 5 semanas de avaliação Em relação ao local de predação foi possível observar que os Poecilias permaneceram a maior parte do tempo na superfície enquanto o Trichogaster e o Betta apresentaram uma maior mobilidade no reservatório Quanto à resistência ao cloro mostrou-se que as espécies de Poecilias já apresentam uma significativa mortalidade quando expostos à concentrações de 0,5mg/litro enquanto alguns espécimens do Betta e do Trichogaster mostraram capacidade de sobreviver até concentrações de 4,00mg/litro Desta forma foi possível demonstrar que as 5 espécies podem ser utilizadas como alternativa de controle biológico entretanto cada uma se apresenta mais indicada a depósitos diferentes devido principalmente a oferta de alimentação e concentração de cloro.
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Silva, Joelma Soares da. "Seleção de isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1911 ativos para larvas de Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762, Anopheles darlingi Root, 1926 e Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) e caracterização das toxinas mosquitocidas." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2017. http://bdtd.inpa.gov.br/handle/tede/2473.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis obtained from three Brazilian biomes with pathogenic action for Ae. aegypti, An. darlingi and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Aspects as characterization of the active strains and the importance of the cyt1Aa gene also were analyzed.
Estudou-se a diversidade de Bacillus thuringiensis obtidos de três biomas brasileiros com ação patogênica para larvas de Ae. aegypti, An. darlingi e Cx. quinquefasciatus. Aspectos como caracterização molecular das linhagens ativas e a importância do gene cyt1Aa também foram analisados.
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AGRA, NETO Afonso Cordeiro. "Avaliação do potencial inseticida de lectinas de sementes de Moringa oleifera contra larvas de Aedes aegypti resistentes e susceptíveis a organofosfato e adultos de Sitophilus zeamais." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12312.
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Algumas espécies de insetos podem atuar como vetores de doenças ou pragas agrícolas. O mosquito Aedes aegypti é o vetor da dengue e o besouro Sitophilus zeamais (gorgulho do milho) ataca diversos tipos de grãos armazenados. O surgimento de populações de insetos resistentes em decorrência da utilização de inseticidas sintéticos tem estimulado a busca por inseticidas naturais, incluindo as lectinas (proteínas que reconhecem especificamente carboidratos). Sementes de Moringa oleifera contêm as lectinas inseticidas cMoL (do inglês coagulant M. oleifera lectin) e WSMoL (do inglês water-soluble M. oleifera lectin). Para o isolamento de WSMoL, o extratoem água destilada de sementes de M. oleifera(EA) foi obtido e tratado com sulfato de amônio (60% de saturação) obtendo-se uma fração rica em lectina (FL), a qual foi aplicada em coluna de quitina. Já para o isolamento de cMoL, o extrato em NaCl 0,15 M foi obtido pela homogeneização das sementes em NaCl 0,15 M tratado com sulfato de amônio (60% de saturação) e cromatografado em coluna de gel de guar. Em seguida, o efeito das lectinasna sobrevivência e nas atividades de enzimas detoxificantes e digestivas de larvas de A. aegypti no quarto estágio das linhagens Rockefeller (susceptível ao organofosfato temefós) e Rec-R (resistente ao organofosfato temefós)foi avaliado. Investigou-se também os efeitos de EA, FL e WSMoLna sobrevivência e na atividade da tripsina de S. zeamais. WSMoL (0,197 mg/ml) matou as larvas Rockefeller (51,6%±2,8), enquanto cMoL não interferiu na sobrevivência dessas larvas. WSMoL e cMoL não apresentaram atividade larvicida contra Rec-R. WSMoL estimulou as atividades de proteases, tripsina e α-amilase das larvas Rockefeller, enquanto cMoL inibiu essas enzimas. WSMoL não interferiu na atividade de tripsina de larvas Rec-R, mas inibiu as atividades de protease e α-amilase. Dentre as atividades de enzimas digestivas de Rec-R, cMoLapenas inibiu a atividade de tripsina. cMoL inibiu fortemente a atividade de superóxido dismutase das larvas Rockefeller e Rec-R e WSMoL inibiu a atividade de β-esterase de larvas Rockefeller. As lectinas afetaramlevemente as atividades de α-esterase de ambas as linhagens. EA (58 à 145mg/g ) apresentou toxicidade aguda para S. zeamais (taxas de mortalidade variando de 21,7 a 50%), enquanto FL não matou os insetos. WSMoL causou apenas baixa mortalidade (12,0%±2,7) na concentração de 60 mg/g (mg de lectina por g de farinha de trigo). A ingestão de EA reduziu a taxa de consumo relativo, sendo observado efeito deterrente moderado a forte. FL e WSMoL reduziram a taxa de ganho relativo de biomassa e a eficiência na conversão do alimento ingerido, mas não exerceram ação deterrente. Apenas WSMoLaumentou a atividade de enzimas tripsina do intestino de S. zeamais. A presente tese apresenta ainda um capítulo contendo uma revisão bibliográfica que contempla características da biologia e ecologia de insetos praga de grãos armazenados, bem como informações sobre danos causados por eles na agricultura. As principais estratégias de controle e o uso de inseticidas naturais como alternativa de combate a estas pragas são também discutidos. Em conclusão: (1) WSMoL, embora seja capaz de matar larvas de A. aegypti susceptíveis a organofosfato (Rockefeller), não promoveu mortalidade de larvas resistentes (Rec-R); (2) os efeitos opostos de WSMoL na sobrevivência de larvas Rockefeller e Rec-R podem indicar que estas populações são fisiologicamente distintas em outros aspectos além da resistência a temefós; (3) os efeitos distintos de WSMoL e cMoL sobre as enzimas digestivas de larvas Rockefeller e Rec-R indicam a expressão de diferentes formas de enzimas entre essas linhagens; (4) o mecanismo de atividade larvicida de WSMoL para larvas Rockefeller pode envolver a estimulação de enzimas digestivas (proteases, tripsina e α-amilase) e inibição da atividade de β-esterase; (5) cMoL pode ser avaliada, no futuro, como um agente sinérgico para aumentar a susceptibilidade de larvas de A. aegypti com atividade aumentada de superóxido dismutase; (6) a toxicidade de EA para S. zeamais adultos pode resultar do seu efeito deterrente de alimentação; e (7) os danos na fisiologia nutricional de S. zeamais causados por WSMoL provavelmente envolvem um desequilíbrio do processo de digestão devido ao aumento da atividade de enzimas tripsina.
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Zhang, Xin. "Characterization of chitin synthase and chitinase gene families from the African malaria mosquito." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6687.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Entomology
Kun Yan Zhu
Chitin metabolism represents an attractive target site for combating insect pests as insect growth and development are strictly dependent on precisely toned chitin synthesis and degradation and this process is absent in humans and other vertebrates. However, current understanding on this process and the involved enzymes is rather limited in insects. In this study, two chitin synthase genes (AgCHS1 and AgCHS2 or AgCHSA and AgCHSB), and 20 chitinase and chitinase-like genes (groups I-VIII) presumably encoding the enzymes for chitin biosynthesis and degradation, respectively, were identified and characterized in African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Immunohistochemistry analysis and developmental stage- and tissue-dependent transcript profiling by using reverse transcription PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization revealed new information on these genes. Current understanding on chitin synthases is extended by the expression profiles such as the localization of AgCHS1 and AgCHS2 transcripts in eggs, AgCHS2 transcripts in the posterior larval midgut, AgCHS1 and AgCHS2 proteins in the compound eyes, and AgCHS2 enzyme in pupal inter-segments. Chitinase and chitinase-like genes are highly diverse in their gene structure, domain organization, and stage- and tissue-specific expression patterns. Most of these genes were expressed in several stages. However, some genes are stage- and tissue-specific such as AgCht8 mainly in pupal and adult stages, AgCht2 and AgCht12 specifically in foregut, AgCht13 exclusively in midgut. Functional analysis of each chitin synthase gene was conducted by using the chitosan/dsRNA nanoparticle-based RNA interference (RNAi) through larval feeding. The repression of the AgCHS1 transcripts which are predominantly expressed in carcass initiated from the mosquito larval feeding of dsRNA suggests the systemic nature of RNAi in mosquito larvae. In addition, silencing of AgCHS1 increased larval susceptibilities to diflubenzuron, whereas silencing of AgCHS2 enhanced the peritrophic matrix disruption and thus increased larval susceptibilities to calcofluor white or dithiothreitol. Furthermore, a non-radioactive method was adapted and optimized to examine the chitin synthase activity in mosquitoes. By using this method, diflubenzuron and nikkomycin Z show limited in vitro inhibition on chitin synthase at high concentration in cell free system, whereas no in vivo inhibition was observed.
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Lundkvist, Elisabeth. "Diversity, dispersal, and interactions among diving beetles and mosquitoes in Swedish wetlands /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/tek796s.pdf.
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Mpho, Mandla. "Effects of environmental and genetic stress on life history and wing fluctuating asymmetry in mosquitoes." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326755.
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Wall, Lisa Michele. "RECRUITMENT AND RESTORATION OF THE OYSTER CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA IN AREAS WITH INTENSE BOATING ACTIVITY IN MOSQUITO LAGOON, FLORIDA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4499.
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Productivity, diversity and survival of estuaries are threatened by explosive coastal population growth and associated recreational activities. One major area of recreational growth has been the number of small pleasure craft motoring in shallow waters at high speeds. On the east coast of Central Florida in the Indian River Lagoon system, intense boating activity occurs year-round and intertidal reefs of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica with dead margins (piles of disarticulated shells) on their seaward edges are commonly found adjacent to major boating channels. The cause(s) of the dead margins is unclear. However, the disarticulated shells may be reducing reef sustainability if these surfaces are unavailable for larvae. Recruitment trials were run on eight reefs (4 with dead margins, 4 without) in three 8-week trials in 2001/2002. Significant differences were found for location on reef and season. For survival of recruits, significant differences were found for reef type, location on reef, and season. Sediment loads, percent silt/clay, and relative water motion were all found to be significantly higher on impacted reefs. Spring months were found to be the optimal time for larval recruitment to increase larval set and survival and to also decrease the effects of sedimentation and water motion. Based on these results, experimental restoration began May 2003 to develop an ecologically and economically feasible restoration protocol for this intertidal region. Four different densities of shells (0, 16, 25, 36) were attached to vexar mesh mats (45 X 45 cm) displaying shells perpendicular to the substrate. 360 mats were randomly deployed at one of six identified optimum recruitment locations. Recruitment increased through June and was significantly higher on mats with 36 shells. This was followed by a large, expected decline in recruitment and survival in July/August, due to competition, predation and/or extreme high temperatures. Total live oysters on the restoration mats significantly increased during October 2003 through February 2003. These newly-created oyster reefs are moveable and provide optimal substrate and larval set to be transported post-recruitment to areas resource managers have slated for restoration to aid in reef sustainability. To determine the potential negative effects of flow and sediment levels on oyster larval settlement, which may be associated with an increase in boating actitivity, laboratory experiments were conducted. Eighteen trials, with competent oyster larvae, nine in flowing-water and nine in still-water were run at three sediment levels: no sediment, low sediment, and high sediment loads. Larval settlement was significantly higher in the still-water trials and both high and low sediment loads significantly reduced larval settlement.M.S.
Department of Biology
Arts and Sciences
Biology
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Soares, Tatiane Sanches [UNIFESP]. "Estudos moleculares de enzimas do tipo tripsina presentes no intestino médio de larvas de Aedes aegypti." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9600.
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Previous issue date: 2009-07-29O Aedes aegypti é o vetor mais importante de arboviroses humana sendo responsável pelas transmissões de dengue e febre amarela urbana. As enzimas tipo tripsina apresentam um importante papel na digestão de estádios de vida larval e adulto de Ae. aegypti. No presente trabalho, nós identificamos as duas enzimas tipo tripsina majoritárias do intestino médio larval através da construção de uma biblioteca de fragmentos de cDNA de tripsina. Elas são AAEL005607 e AAEL006371, com frequências de expressão de 29,3% e 20%, respectivamente. Análises por PCR semi-quantitativo mostraram que a tripsina AAEL005607 foi transcrita em todos os instars larval, mas a tripsina AAEL006371 apareceu somente nos 3º e 4º instar larvais. A fim de confirmar os dados de transcrição, enzimas tipo tripsina do intestino médio de larvas de 4º instar foram purificadas por cromatografias de afinidade, troca iônica e fase reversa. A tripsina purificada apresentou massa molecular de 28 kDa por SDS-PAGE. Sua sequência de aminoácidos parcial nos permitiu sugerir que a atividade de tripsina é codificada pela sequência AAEL005607. A tripsina purificada (AAEL005607) exibiu um valor de Km de 36,4 μM para o substrato Tosyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNa e foi fortemente inibida por AaTI e HiTI, ambos inibidores de tripsina, com valores de Ki de 0,94 pM e 160 pM, respectivamente. Em conclusão, pela primeira vez, a enzima digestiva majoritária de 4º instar larval de Ae. aegypti foi purificada e caracterizada.
Aedes aegypti is the most important vector of human arboviral diseases and it is responsible for dengue and urban yellow fever transmissions. Trypsin-like enzymes plays an important role in the Ae. aegypti adult and larval life stages digestion. In the present work, we identified the two major trypsin-like enzymes of Ae. aegypti larval midgut through the trypsin cDNA fragments library construction. They are AAEL005607 and AAEL006371, with expression frequencies of 29.3% and 20%, respectively. Semi quantitative PCR analysis showed that the AAEL005607 was transcripted in all larval instars, but AAEL006371 appeared only in 3rd and 4th larval instars. In order to confirm the transcription data, trypsin-like enzymes from 4th instar larvae of Ae. aegypti midgut were purified by affinity, ionic exchange and reversedphase chromatographies. Purified trypsin presented molecular mass of 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Its partial amino acid sequence allowed us to suggest that the trypsin activity is encoding by AAEL005607 sequence. The purified trypsin (AAEL005607) showed Km value of 36.4 μM for Tosyl-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNa substrate and was strongly inhibited by AaTI and HiTI, both trypsin inhibitors, with Ki of 0.94 pM and 160 pM, respectively. In conclusion, for the first time, the major digestive enzyme of 4th larval instar of Ae. aegypti was identified and characterized.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Troyo, Adriana. "Analyses of Dengue Fever and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Habitats in a Tropical Urban Environment of Costa Rica using Geospatial and Mosquito Surveillance Technologies." Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/18.
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Dengue is currently the most important arboviral disease globally and is usually associated with built environments in tropical areas. Control measures are currently focused on community participation in control of the vector Aedes aegypti and larval source reduction. In Costa Rica, dengue fever is a relatively recent re-emerging disease and has become a serious public health problem. Remotely sensed information can facilitate the study of urban mosquito-borne diseases like dengue by providing multiple temporal and spatial resolutions appropriate to investigate urban structure and ecological characteristics associated with infectious disease. Initial studies showed that although dengue is a serious public health problem in Costa Rica, there is a need for interdisciplinary scientific research to guide vector control. Therefore, the dengue situation in Puntarenas, Costa Rica, and applications of remote sensing to study infectious diseases like dengue within urban environments was analyzed. Satellite imagery of high and medium spatial resolution was obtained to evaluate relationships between urban structure and incidence of dengue fever at the locality level. Using the satellite imagery, a geographical sampling method was developed and applied for seasonal entomological field surveys in Puntarenas. Very high resolution imagery from QuickBird was utilized to determine the relationships between Ae. aegypti larval habitat abundance and tree cover or built areas. Results showed that the most relevant Ae. aegypti larval habitats in Puntarenas were outdoor miscellaneous containers, cans and plastic food containers that fill with rain water in the wet season, while washtubs were the most productive habitats in the dry season. Dengue incidence and abundance of larval habitats in the urban environment were directly associated with tree cover and inversely associated with built areas. Environmental conditions and urban structure, as well as human behavior were related in different ways to dengue incidence and Ae. aegypti larval habitats. Overall, remotely sensed information was useful in developing sampling strategies for field surveys and determining factors within the urban environment that may promote persistence of mosquito larval habitats and increased dengue risk. The geographical methods and relationships revealed will be useful in determining target areas for more efficient vector control.
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Bandeira, GlaÃs de Paiva. "CaracterizaÃÃo bioquÃmica parcial do lÃtex de Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. e efeito sobre a eclosÃo de ovos e desenvolvimento larval do mosquito transmissor da dengue." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7565.
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nÃo hÃTÃtulo - CaracterizaÃÃo BioquÃmica Parcial do LÃtex de Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. e Efeito Sobre a EclosÃo de ovos e Desenvolvimento do mosquito transmissor da Dengue. Autor â GlaÃs de Paiva Bandeira. IntroduÃÃo - O arbusto Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. à um membro da famÃlia Asclepiadaceae. à vastamente encontrado no Estado do Cearà e tem como caracterÃstica a produÃÃo de lÃtex. Ao lÃtex sÃo atribuÃdas propriedades tÃxicas e farmacolÃgicas. Neste trabalho, uma caracterizaÃÃo bioquÃmica parcial do lÃtex foi estabelecida e seu efeito sobre a eclosÃo de ovos e desenvolvimento larval do Mosquito transmissor da Dengue (Stegomyia aegypti) foi avaliado. MÃtodos - O lÃtex foi coletado de plantas nÃo cultivadas e apÃs etapas de diÃlise e centrifugaÃÃo deu origem a trÃs fraÃÃes: LP (rica em proteÃnas), DL (compostos de pequeno tamanho molecular e solÃveis em Ãgua) e RL (fraÃÃo rica em isopreno, insolÃvel em Ãgua). Uma anÃlise fÃsico-quÃmica de elementos inorgÃnicos foi realizada. As fraÃÃes foram analisadas atravÃs de eletroforese em uma e 2 dimensÃes, espectrometria de massas, tÃcnicas cromatogrÃficas e atividades enzimÃticas. A presenÃa de glicoproteÃnas foi investigada atravÃs de coloraÃÃo em gel e anÃlise por RessonÃncia PlasmÃnica de SuperfÃcie. Bioensaios para atividade ovicida e larvicida foram realizados com as fraÃÃes LP e DL, alÃm do lÃtex Ãntegro. Resultados â A fraÃÃo LP representou 10,03 % da massa seca do lÃtex enquanto que DL representou menos que 1 % e RL 84,97 %. O lÃtex possui quantidades apreciÃveis de HCO-3, Mg+2, Cl-, quantidades menores de SO4-, NO3- , NO-2, NH4+ e P-3, enquanto que Ca+2 e Fe+2 nÃo foram detectados. A fraÃÃo PL apresentou proteÃnas com massa molecular relativa entre 8.000 - 97.000 Da e isto foi confirmado por Espectrometria de massa. Foi verificado que as fraÃÃes RL e LP eram similares e peptÃdeos foram detectados na fraÃÃo DL. A fraÃÃo LP mostrou-se heterogÃnea em gel de eletroforese 2-D e as proteÃnas exibiram carÃter essencialmente bÃsico. TrÃs picos protÃicos foram recuperados por troca iÃnica. A fraÃÃo LP foi capaz de se ligar à matriz de quitina e foi detectada atividade quitinÃsica. Atividades para, superÃxido dismutase e ascorbato peroxidase foram detectadas, mas nÃo para catalase. GlicoproteÃnas do tipo oligomanosÃdicas e N-acetillactosamina parecem estar presentes na fraÃÃo LP. O lÃtex total causou 100 % de mortalidade para larvas do terceiro estÃgio de St. aegypti. As fraÃÃes tambÃm foram tÃxicas causando 100 % mortalidade em 24 hs. Quando as fraÃÃes LP e DL foram aquecidas a 100 ÂC a aÃÃo larvicida da fraÃÃo LP diminuiu e a da fraÃÃo DL foi pouco afetada sugerindo pouca termoestabilidade dos componentes ativos em LP. As fraÃÃes LP e DL foram parcialmente efetivas em prevenir a eclosÃo dos ovos do mosquito e muitos dos indivÃduos nÃo atingiram o primeiro ou segundo estÃgio. à esperado que os efeitos tÃxicos observados sobre a eclosÃo dos ovos e desenvolvimento das larvas poderiam ser, em parte, devido ao conteÃdo protÃico de LP
Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant with leaves, roots and bark being exploited by popular medicine to fight many human and animal diseases. Despite, the lack of information about its biochemical content has stimulated the present study. Healthy plants of C. procera growing in the field around the beaches of Fortaleza were used as the source of fresh latex. The latex was collected in distilled water to give a dilution rate of 1:2 (v:v). The mixture was gently agitated during collection to overcome the natural coagulation effect of the material. Later in the laboratory the samples were centrifuged at 5.000 x g during 10 min at room temperature. The rubber-rich precipitate was separated and the supernatant was exhaustively dialyzed against distilled water at room temperature and recentrifuged using the conditions described above. Three distinct fractions were obtained: LP (rich in proteins); DL (rich in low molecular weight molecules) and RL (rich in poly-isoprene rubber). LP fraction constitutes 10.03 % of the dry matter of the latex while DL > 1% and RL 84.97 %. The latex possesses relevant amounts of HCO-3, Mg+2, Cl-, lower quantities of SO4-2 , NO3- , NO2-, NH4+ and P-3, while Ca+2 and Fe+2 were not detected. Proteins in LP showed molecular mass varying between 8,000 - 97,000 Da further confirmed by mass spectrometry. They are essentially basic proteins. RL and LP exhibited similar protein profile and peptides were detected in DL. LP could be fractionated in three newly fractions by ion exchange chromatography and able to bind chitin. Enzymatic activity of chitinases, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidases were detected. GlicoproteÃnas bearing oligomanosÃdic and N-acetylgalactosamine seems to be present in LP. The whole latex was shown to cause 100 % mortality of 3rd instars within five minutes. Both LP and DL fractions were partially effective to prevent egg hatching and most of individuals growing under experimental conditions died before reaching 2nd instars or stayed in 1st instars. Besides, the fractions were very toxic to 3rd instars causing 100 % mortality within 24 hs. When both fractions were submitted to heat-treatment the toxic effects of LP were strongly diminished while that of DL diminished slowly suggesting low thermostability of the toxic compounds in LP. According to the results, the latex of C. procera exhibits strong insecticide action upon St. aegypti and it is expected that proteins are at least in part involved in that an activity
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Bandeira, Glaís de Paiva. "Caracterização bioquímica parcial do látex de Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. e efeito sobre a eclosão de ovos e desenvolvimento larval do mosquito transmissor da dengue." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15028.
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BANDEIRA, G. P. Caracterização bioquímica parcial do látex de Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. e efeito sobre a eclosão de ovos e desenvolvimento larval do mosquito transmissor da dengue. 2006. 97 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2006.Submitted by Francisco Lacerda (lacerda@ufc.br) on 2015-03-12T12:38:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_gpbandeira.pdf: 1851136 bytes, checksum: cc04228fd4a99ccfedf56c89cdd0d3b3 (MD5)
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Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant with leaves, roots and bark being exploited by popular medicine to fight many human and animal diseases. Despite, the lack of information about its biochemical content has stimulated the present study. Healthy plants of C. procera growing in the field around the beaches of Fortaleza were used as the source of fresh latex. The latex was collected in distilled water to give a dilution rate of 1:2 (v:v). The mixture was gently agitated during collection to overcome the natural coagulation effect of the material. Later in the laboratory the samples were centrifuged at 5.000 x g during 10 min at room temperature. The rubber-rich precipitate was separated and the supernatant was exhaustively dialyzed against distilled water at room temperature and recentrifuged using the conditions described above. Three distinct fractions were obtained: LP (rich in proteins); DL (rich in low molecular weight molecules) and RL (rich in poly-isoprene rubber). LP fraction constitutes 10.03 % of the dry matter of the latex while DL > 1% and RL 84.97 %. The latex possesses relevant amounts of HCO-3, Mg+2, Cl-, lower quantities of SO4-2 , NO3- , NO2-, NH4+ and P-3, while Ca+2 and Fe+2 were not detected. Proteins in LP showed molecular mass varying between 8,000 - 97,000 Da further confirmed by mass spectrometry. They are essentially basic proteins. RL and LP exhibited similar protein profile and peptides were detected in DL. LP could be fractionated in three newly fractions by ion exchange chromatography and able to bind chitin. Enzymatic activity of chitinases, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidases were detected. Glicoproteínas bearing oligomanosídic and N-acetylgalactosamine seems to be present in LP. The whole latex was shown to cause 100 % mortality of 3rd instars within five minutes. Both LP and DL fractions were partially effective to prevent egg hatching and most of individuals growing under experimental conditions died before reaching 2nd instars or stayed in 1st instars. Besides, the fractions were very toxic to 3rd instars causing 100 % mortality within 24 hs. When both fractions were submitted to heat-treatment the toxic effects of LP were strongly diminished while that of DL diminished slowly suggesting low thermostability of the toxic compounds in LP. According to the results, the latex of C. procera exhibits strong insecticide action upon St. aegypti and it is expected that proteins are at least in part involved in that an activity.
Título - Caracterização Bioquímica Parcial do Látex de Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. e Efeito Sobre a Eclosão de ovos e Desenvolvimento do mosquito transmissor da Dengue. Autor – Glaís de Paiva Bandeira. Introdução - O arbusto Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. é um membro da família Asclepiadaceae. É vastamente encontrado no Estado do Ceará e tem como característica a produção de látex. Ao látex são atribuídas propriedades tóxicas e farmacológicas. Neste trabalho, uma caracterização bioquímica parcial do látex foi estabelecida e seu efeito sobre a eclosão de ovos e desenvolvimento larval do Mosquito transmissor da Dengue (Stegomyia aegypti) foi avaliado. Métodos - O látex foi coletado de plantas não cultivadas e após etapas de diálise e centrifugação deu origem a três frações: LP (rica em proteínas), DL (compostos de pequeno tamanho molecular e solúveis em água) e RL (fração rica em isopreno, insolúvel em água). Uma análise físico-química de elementos inorgânicos foi realizada. As frações foram analisadas através de eletroforese em uma e 2 dimensões, espectrometria de massas, técnicas cromatográficas e atividades enzimáticas. A presença de glicoproteínas foi investigada através de coloração em gel e análise por Ressonância Plasmônica de Superfície. Bioensaios para atividade ovicida e larvicida foram realizados com as frações LP e DL, além do látex íntegro. Resultados – A fração LP representou 10,03 % da massa seca do látex enquanto que DL representou menos que 1 % e RL 84,97 %. O látex possui quantidades apreciáveis de HCO-3, Mg+2, Cl-, quantidades menores de SO4-, NO3- , NO-2, NH4+ e P-3, enquanto que Ca+2 e Fe+2 não foram detectados. A fração PL apresentou proteínas com massa molecular relativa entre 8.000 - 97.000 Da e isto foi confirmado por Espectrometria de massa. Foi verificado que as frações RL e LP eram similares e peptídeos foram detectados na fração DL. A fração LP mostrou-se heterogênea em gel de eletroforese 2-D e as proteínas exibiram caráter essencialmente básico. Três picos protéicos foram recuperados por troca iônica. A fração LP foi capaz de se ligar à matriz de quitina e foi detectada atividade quitinásica. Atividades para, superóxido dismutase e ascorbato peroxidase foram detectadas, mas não para catalase. Glicoproteínas do tipo oligomanosídicas e N-acetillactosamina parecem estar presentes na fração LP. O látex total causou 100 % de mortalidade para larvas do terceiro estágio de St. aegypti. As frações também foram tóxicas causando 100 % mortalidade em 24 hs. Quando as frações LP e DL foram aquecidas a 100 °C a ação larvicida da fração LP diminuiu e a da fração DL foi pouco afetada sugerindo pouca termoestabilidade dos componentes ativos em LP. As frações LP e DL foram parcialmente efetivas em prevenir a eclosão dos ovos do mosquito e muitos dos indivíduos não atingiram o primeiro ou segundo estágio. É esperado que os efeitos tóxicos observados sobre a eclosão dos ovos e desenvolvimento das larvas poderiam ser, em parte, devido ao conteúdo protéico de LP.
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Ureta, Sierra Cledy. "Estudio taxonómico de las larvas de Prodiplosis sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) plaga clave del cultivo del espárrago utilizando como marcador la secuencia parcial citocromo oxidasa C sunb. I." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11827.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorAnaliza las secuencias nucleotídicas parciales del gen citocromo oxidasa c subunidad I de larvas de Prodiplosis sp. colectadas en el cultivo del espárrago, en la provincia de Virú, departamento de la Libertad , para determinar su ubicación taxonómica a nivel de familia. Se logró amplificar una secuencia de 439 pb, para la región parcial del gen de citocromo oxidasa c sub. I, esta sección coincidió con las posiciones 1752 a 2190 del genoma mitocondrial de Drosophila yakuba. En el análisis del DNA de Prodiplosis sp. se obtuvo tres tipos de secuencias que se diferenciaron en 13 pb (439) determinadas como Haplotipos. La construcción del árbol filogenético por el método de Neighbor-Joining (NJ) confirmó que Prodiplosis sp. esta estrechamente relacionada con las otras especies de la familia Cecidomyiidae, por lo que se concluye de este estudio, que utilizando los iniciadores C1-J1751 y C1-N219 es posible amplificar la secuencia parcial del gen de citocromo oxidasa c sub. I en Prodiplosis sp. y constituye una herramienta muy útil para conocer su relación filogenética.
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Jaonalison, Henitsoa. "Les premiers stades de vie des poissons dans le SO de Madagascar : éléments pour une meilleure connaissance de la biodiversité et une meilleure gestion des ressources exploitées." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0030.
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Les écosystèmes marins qui fournissent de multiples services écosystémiques indispensables au bien-être de l’humanité sont actuellement menacés par la surexploitation des ressources et l’utilisation d’engins destructifs. Ceci conduit à une perte à l’échelle globale de 20% des mangroves, 19% des récifs coralliens et 110 km2 par an des herbiers. Les habitats côtiers qui soutiennent jusqu’à 20% de la production globale de la pêche sont les plus touchés, notamment dans les pays les moins avancés comme Madagascar. Dans ce pays, 87% des écosystèmes récifaux sont menacés, notamment dans le sud-ouest où les petits pêcheurs utilisent des engins prohibés capturant les juvéniles. Une meilleure connaissance de l’écologie des jeunes poissons est donc un point clé pour la mise en place des mesures de gestion efficaces et robustes. D’où l’objet de ce présent travail centré sur les jeunes stades de développement des poissons, identifiés en utilisant le barcoding ADN. Les identifications à l’espèce ont permis de prédire l’approvisionnement en post-larves et de découvrir la variabilité du recrutement en juvéniles qui semble liée à l’altération des apports en post-larves. Au total, 387 espèces ont été observées avec 9 nouvelles espèces pour Madagascar. L’intérêt et les limites du barcoding ADN sont largement discutés (chapitre 1). L’approvisionnement en post-larves a été mieux prédit par les conditions océaniques obtenues par télédétection avec une précision de 60% pour la richesse et 50% pour l’abondance. Pourtant, la performance des modèles pour prédire l’abondance semble influencée par les caractéristiques des masses d'eau qui sont différentes entre les deux sites, tandis que la performance pour prédire la richesse parait similaire entre ces deux sites (chapitre 2). Les conditions océaniques obtenues par télédétection expliquent mieux les assemblages de post-larves. Pourtant, ces conditions océaniques structurent davantage les assemblages de post-larves dans les masses d'eau présentant des caractéristiques d’eaux côtières que ceux dans les eaux présentant des caractéristiques océaniques (chapitre 3). La période de recrutement et les assemblages de juvéniles diffèrent entre les années. Ces variabilités interannuelles ont été aussi observées dans l’approvisionnement en post-larves qui semble conditionné par les variations des conditions océaniques. Ce qui suggère que les altérations des apports en post-larves influencent la distribution temporelle des juvéniles (chapitre 4). Le cas du recrutement des juvéniles de Siganidae, qui semble être fortement en lien avec les apports en post-larves, est développé dans la discussion générale. De même, la localisation des zones de nourriceries a permis de proposer des mesures de gestion tenant compte du contexte local qui sont aussi discutéesMarine ecosystems which provide multiple ecosystem services essential to human well-being are currently threatened by resources overexploitation and the use of destructive fishing gears. This leads to a global loss of 20% of mangroves, 19% of coral reefs, and 110 km2 per year of seagrass meadows. The coastal habitats that support up to 20% of global fisheries production are the most affected, particularly in least developed countries such as Madagascar. In this country, 87% of coral reef are threatened, particularly in the southwestern part of the island where small-scale fishermen practice juveniles fishing. A better knowledge of the ecology of young fishes is thus a key point for the implementation of effective and robust measures. The present work was centred on early developmental stages of fish identified using DNA barcoding. Identifications to the species level were used to predict the post-larvae supply and to discover the variability in juveniles recruitment that appears to be related to the alteration of post-larvae supply. In total, 387 species have been observed with nine new species for Madagascar. The interests and limitations of DNA barcoding are widely discussed in Chapter 1. Post-larvae supply was better predicted by the remotely sensed oceanic conditions with an accuracy of 60% for species richness and 50% for abundance. However, the performance of models for predicting abundance appears to be influenced by the characteristics of water masses that are different among sites, while the performance of models for predicting species richness appears similar between the sites (discussed in Chapter 2). The remotely sensed oceanic conditions better explained the post-larval fish assemblages. However, these oceanic conditions structure mostly the post-larval fish assemblages in water masses with coastal water characteristics than those in waters with ocean characteristics (discussed in Chapter 3). The period of juvenile recruitment as well as juvenile assemblages differ among years. These interannual variabilities were also observed on post-larvae supply which were conditioned by the interannual variation of oceanic conditions. This suggests that alterations in post-larvae supply influence the temporal distribution of juvenile fish, which is a subject discussed in Chapter 4. The case of Siganidae recruitment, which seems to be strongly linked to post-larvae supply, is developed in the final discussion of this thesis. Likewise, the identification of nursery areas allows to propose management measures to deal with the local context that are also discussed
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Medina, Alberco Myriam María. "Efectividad del programa educativo “Sin larvas no hay mosquito” en el nivel de conocimientos sobre la prevención del dengue en estudiantes del I.E El Paraiso 7220 Villa María del Triunfo, año 2013." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9797.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorDetermina la efectividad del programa educativo “Sin larvas no hay mosquito” en el nivel de conocimientos sobre la prevención del dengue en los estudiantes de la I.E El Paraíso 7220. Es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, nivel aplicativo, método cuasi-experimental. La población está conformada por 68 estudiantes escolares, obtenida por muestreo no probabilístico. La técnica que se utiliza es la entrevista y el instrumento un cuestionario que es aplicado antes y después del programa educativo durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre del 2013. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes escolares sobre la prevención del dengue, antes de la aplicación del programa educativo es nivel de conocimientos medio 41.1% (28 estudiantes) y después de la aplicación, es de nivel conocimientos alto 53% (36 estudiantes), demostrando que el programa educativo es efectiva en el incremento de conocimientos a los estudiantes sobre la enfermedad, medidas de prevención y control del dengue (prueba Chi Cuadrado X2: 18.6 con un nivel de significancia de 0.05), aceptando la hipótesis del estudio y comprobándose así la efectividad del programa educativo en el incremento de conocimientos.
Tesis
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Medeiros, Priscila Fernandes Viana. "Investigações sobre os mecanismos de resistência em larvas e adultos de Aedes aegypti, Linnaeus, 1762." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2011. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/5537.
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Submitted by Anderson Silva (avargas@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2012-09-21T12:34:57Z
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
O uso de inseticidas neurotóxicos contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti ainda é um componente importante nos programas de controle de dengue. No Brasil, organofosforados (OP) e piretróides (PI) são usados para o controle de larvas e adultos de A. aegypti, respectivamente, desde 1967 e 2000. O uso frequente destes produtos selecionou populações resistentes do vetor, e motivou o Ministério da Saúde (MS) a coordenar, desde 1999, uma rede nacional de monitoramento da resistência de A. aegypti (MoReNAa), da qual nosso laboratório participa desde o início. A resistência é principalmente derivada de fatores metabólicos (enzimas que detoxificam o inseticida) ou de mutações nos sítios-alvo dos inseticidas, no Sistema Nervoso Central. Bioensaios com larvas revelaram a resistência de várias populações ao OP temephos, larvicida empregado há mais de 40 anos no país. A Rede MoReNAa conta também com bioensaios para adultos, com testes moleculares para avaliação de alteração no alvo de PI, o canal de sódio regulado por voltagem (AaNav) e com ensaios bioquímicos para quantificação, em mosquitos adultos, da atividade enzimática de Glutationa S-Transferases (GST), Esterases e Oxidases de Função Mista (MFO) (relacionadas à resistência metabólica), e de Acetilcolinesterase (Ace) (alvo de OP e carbamatos - CB). Além de serem usadas classes distintas de inseticidas contra larvas e adultos, as aplicações são feitas de maneira diferenciada: em 4-6 ciclos anuais sobre as larvas, e apenas em situações de emergência sobre os mosquitos adultos - procedimento que tem o potencial de elicitar mecanismos (e intensidades) de resistência diferentes. Além disso, bioensaios para quantificação da resistência a OP são feitos com larvas, enquanto os ensaios bioquímicos estavam disponíveis apenas para mosquitos adultos. Estes foram os principais motivos para adaptar, no âmbito desta dissertação, ensaios bioquímicos para o estágio larvar do vetor. Em relação ao ensaio da Ace, que conta com duas reações, uma na presença e a outra na ausência do CB propoxur verificamos, por meio de curvas do tipo dose- resposta, diferenças entre larvas e adultos. Além disto identificamos, em algumas populações do vetor resistentes a OP, alterações na atividade total desta enzima. Uma vez que algumas destas enzimas participam também de processos endógenos, que ocorrem naturalmente nos insetos, quantificamos sua atividade ao longo do desenvolvimento da cepa referência de suscetibilidade, Rockefeller, e de duas populações de campo. Nestes ensaios foram observadas quatro grandes “categorias” de perfis de atividade enzimática: 1) maiores atividades no estágio adulto (AChE); 2) maiores atividades no estágio larval (Esterases “α-EST” e “β-EST”); 3) atividades que aumentam no decorrer de cada estágio avaliado (MFO) e 4) atividades que tendem a aumentar no estágio larvar e a diminuir nos primeiros dias de vida adulta (DVA) (Esterase “ρNPA” e GST). Posteriormente, ensaios bioquímicos com larvas e adultos de populações de campo revelaram alterações de Ace e Esterases preferencialmente no estágio larvar, alterações de GST mais restritas ao estágio adulto, e alteração de MFO nos dois estágios do vetor. Estes ensaios possibilitam conhecer com detalhe os mecanismos de resistência em diferentes populações do vetor e podem contribuir com a definição de estratégias racionais para o controle de A. aegypti.
The use of neurotoxic insecticides against the mosquito Aedes aegypti is still an important component in dengue control programs. In Brazil, organophosphates (OP) and pyrethroids (PI) are used for the control of A. aegypti larvae and adults since, respectively, 1967 and 2000. The frequent use of these products has selected resistant vector populations, and prompted the Ministry of Health (MS) to start the coordination, in 1999, of an Aedes aegypti insecticide resistance monitoring network (MoReNAa); our laboratory participates in the network since its beginning. Resistance is mainly derived from metabolic factors (enzymes detoxifying the insecticides) or from mutations at the target sites of insecticides (in the Central Nervous System). Bioassays with larvae disclosed resistance of various populations to the OP temephos, larvicide employed for over 40 years in the country. MoReNAa network also performs bioassays with adults, molecular tests to assess substitution at the PI target site, the voltage regulated sodium channel (AaNAv), and biochemical assays that quantify, in adult mosquitoes, the activity of Glutathione S-Transferases (GST), Esterases and Mixed Function Oxidases (MFO) (related to metabolic resistance), and of Acetylcholinesterase (Ace) (target of OP and carbamates - CB). Besides using different insecticide classes against larvae and adults, the treatment are performed differently: in 4-6 times per year for larvae and only in emergency situations in the case of adult mosquitoes – a procedure that has the potential to elicit different mechanisms (and intensities) of resistance. Furthermore, bioassays for quantification of resistance to OP are made with larvae, while biochemical assays were available only for adult mosquitoes. These were the main reasons to adapt, in the context of this dissertation, biochemical assays for the larval stage of the vector. Considering the Ace test, consisting of two reactions, in the presence or in the absence of the CB propoxur, we identified - through the use of inhibition curves - differences between larvae and adults. We also detected, in some OP resistant vector populations, changes in the total activity of this enzyme. Since some of the enzymes of metabolic resistance are also involved in endogenous processes, that occur naturally in insects, we quantified their activity during the development of the reference strain of susceptibility, Rockefeller, and of two field populations. In these experiments we observed four major "categories " of enzyme activity profiles: 1) higher activity in the adult stage (AChE); 2) higher activity in the larval stage (“α-EST” and “β- EST” Esterases); 3) activities that increase during each stage evaluated (MFO) and 4) activities tending to increase in the end of the larval stage and to decrease in the first days of adult life (DVA) (Esterase “ρNPA” and GST). Subsequently, biochemical assays with larvae and adults of field populations revealed main changes in Ace and Esterases in the larval stage, GST changes preferably in the adult stage, and MFO alterations on both vector stages. These assays enable the detailed knowledge of resistance mechanisms of different vector populations and can contribute to define rational strategies for A. aegypti control.
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Hancock, Robert G. "Effect of larval and adult nutrition on juvenile hormone activity and blood-host seeking by Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: culicidae) and a new method for assaying insect juvenile hormones /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487847761309305.
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Prasain, Keshar. "Synthesis and bioevaluation of laccase substrates and substituted quinolines." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15460.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Chemistry
Duy H. Hua
Our research work is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, synthesis of substituted phenolic compounds including halogenated di- and trihydroxybenzenes, aminophenols, and substituted di-tert-butylphenols, their redox potential, laccase oxidation, and mosquito anti-larval activities are discussed. The synthesized substituted phenols were found to be the substrates but not the inhibitors of laccase. An inverse correlation between the oxidation potential and the laccase oxidation efficiency of halogenated hydroxybenzenes and aminophenols was established. However, substituted di-tert-butylphenols were found to have anti-larval activities in mosquitoes resulting in the death of the larvae just before reaching pupation. Among the di-tert-butyl phenols studied, water insoluble, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol (16), 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal oxime (14), and 6,8-di-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene (17) caused the mortility of 98%, 93%, and 92% of Anopheles gambiae larvae in the concentration of 182 nM, 3.4 µM, and 3.7 µM, respectively. In particular, compound 16 had similar anti-larval activities as compared to MON-0585, an anti-larval agent reported by Monsanto in the 70’s. In the second chapter, inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation by substituted quinolines (PQs) is inverstigated. PQ compounds such as N-(3-aminopropyl)-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-(3-(trifluormethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-8-amine (PQ1), N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-6-methoxy-4-methyl)-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-8-amine (PQ11), and 6-methoxy-4-methyl-N-(quinolin-4-ylmethyl)-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)quinolin-8-amine (PQ15) were found to inhibit PKC phosphorylation with IC50 values of 35 nM, 42.3 nM, and 216.3 nM respectively, among which PQ1 and PQ11 were found to be potent PKC inhibitors as comparable to that of staurosporine (IC50 = 33 nM). In chapter three, the tissue distribution of PQ1 and PQ11 in normal C57BL/6J mice and the effect of PQ1 on the normal tissues of mice were investigated. Substituted quinolines, PQ1 and PQ11 were distributed in the tissues in concentrations that were more than 40 folds of their effective dose. PQ1 and PQ11 were also found to penetrate the blood brain barrier and collect in the tissue in significant amounts. The administration of PQ1 and PQ11 had no effect in the normal behavior of the animals indicating no short term adverse effects. PQ1 was found to increase the expression of survivin, an anti-apoptotic factor and decrease the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8, pro-apoptotic proteins. These studies suggests that PQ1 might have anti-apoptotic activities in normal cells, in contrast to the role of PQ1 in cancer cells where it has demonstrated to induce apoptosis. The study also indicated that PQ11 was better metabolized from the tissues over time as compared to PQ1.
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Chia-LiLin and 林佳立. "Motion Characteristics of Mosquito Larvae and the Extingquishment." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57793022901256723574.
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碩士國立成功大學
工程管理碩士在職專班
102
This research has two purposes. One is how to extinguish mosquitoes; the other is how mosquito larvae can breathe and move under the water. For the first one, several different osmotic pressures are used in the experiment. The results show different mortality rates, the higher the osmotic pressure, the higher the mortality rate. For the second, the reason why larvae can move in the water is because its trachea can store air and it moves by swinging its tail. Based on this concept, a double-layer lifebuoy is designed. It can increase the possibility to escape from any shipwreck. Hydrogen peroxide is used to produce oxygen. The produced oxygen is stored in the first layer of lifebuoy. The other layer stores carbon dioxide that people exhale. The oxygen extends time that people can stay in water and the carbon dioxide provides buoyancy for lift assistance.
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Hu, Shu-Hua, and 胡書華. "The biological Effect of Mosquito Larvae by Ultrasound Exposure." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75800524781275409934.
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碩士國立中山大學
機械與機電工程學系研究所
91
Abstract The objective of this thesis is to study the biological effects of larvae of Aedes albopictus induced by ultrasound exposure. Ultrasound is widely used in medical and biological techniques, most of them are cell killing or tumor eliminating by high-intensity ultrasound. In order to analyse the influences of ultrasound biological effects in vivo, the larvae of mosquito, in this research, were exposed to continuous-wave ultrasound. Some preliminary observations were made with 0-day larvae. The oscillation of the trachea in larvae in response to the ultrasound radiation is simulated using Miller’s cylindrical-bubble activation theory. Dimensions of tubes in the respiratory system of larvae were measured by microscope. The resonant frequency of the tracheae were calculated, and its range is about 0.6∼1.5 MHz. It was observed that the tracheae in 0-day larvae were ruptured by ultrasound exposure, and the larvae were dead in the duration of growth, some fourth instar larvae failed to mature into pupae. The maximum mosquito larvae mortality was with 1 MHz irradiation, and it’s in good agreement with the resonant frequency calculated in this paper.
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Lee, Ying-Chieh, and 李瑩潔. "Field trials using Mesocyclops spp. to control dengue mosquito larvae in Kaohsiung City." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65719716273301271856.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
流行病學與預防醫學研究所
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The global incidence of dengue has significantly increased in recent years and has become an important issue in public health. The current vector control strategy in Taiwan is source reduction. Chemical pesticides are applied only when dengue case appears. Even so, the frequent use of pesticides over a long period of time has led to development of resistance in vector mosquitoes. Therefore, a vector control method with eco-friendly approach is in demand. In 2010, NTU-CPH laboratory has identified numerous species of Mesocyclops spp. with highly predating efficiency on mosquito larvae. In this study, we further applied these local species of copepods in dengue risk areas to evaluate their performance as agents for bio-control. To start with, we collected freshwater copepods in Southern Taiwan where indigenous dengue cases frequently occur, including Chiayi (sample number, N=144), Tainan (N=109), Kaohsiung (N=179), and Pingtung (N=262). Second, we identified the species of copepods by morphology and molecular analysis. The collected freshwater copepods were recognized as Mesocyclops spp., Thermocyclops spp., Metacyclops spp., Eucyclops spp. and Cyclops spp.. Third, we investigated the chemical pesticide tolerance of copepods, and the result showed that copepods were with lower sensitivity than mosquitoes when treated with the currently used insecticides. Next, to evaluate the potential and feasibility of using Taiwanese freshwater Mesocyclops spp. as a bio-control agent of dengue virus, we cooperated with the Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government. Inform consents were signed by the local public health centers and residents before setting sentinel sites in flooded basements in Kaohsiung (N=165). 25% of the trial sites were chosen randomly (N=42) at the following step. Sites were excluded if they were dry or too difficult to access. Eventually, 24 trial sites were targeted for long-term surveillance. After more than one year of observation (from March 2012 to July 2013), our results showed that the positive rates of larvae have decreased from 65.0% to 0, and the survival rates of copepods were 45.3% to 60.0% in clean flooded basements. In conclusion, this study has proved that copepods were not only able to be maintained and survived in the flooded basements but have functioned on decreasing the number of Aedes larvae. Our findings suggested that Taiwanese freshwater Mesocyclops could be provided as a biological agent for dengue larvae control in Kaohsiung City.
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LUO, HUA-SHENG, and 駱華生. "Effects of the combination of Bacillus thuringiensis var,israelensis de Barjac and fertilizers on mosquito larvae." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63277757792955348583.
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