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Damaschke, Peter. "Dividing Splittable Goods Evenly and With Limited Fragmentation." Algorithmica 82, no. 5 (October 25, 2019): 1298–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-019-00643-z.
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Abstract A splittable good provided in n pieces shall be divided as evenly as possible among m agents, where every agent can take shares from at most F pieces. We call F the fragmentation and mainly restrict attention to the cases $$F=1$$F=1 and $$F=2$$F=2. For $$F=1$$F=1, the max–min and min–max problems are solvable in linear time. The case $$F=2$$F=2 has neat formulations and structural characterizations in terms of weighted graphs. First we focus on perfectly balanced solutions. While the problem is strongly NP-hard in general, it can be solved in linear time if $$m\ge n-1$$m≥n-1, and a solution always exists in this case, in contrast to $$F=1$$F=1. Moreover, the problem is fixed-parameter tractable in the parameter $$2m-n$$2m-n. (Note that this parameter measures the number of agents above the trivial threshold $$m=n/2$$m=n/2.) The structural results suggest another related problem where unsplittable items shall be assigned to subsets so as to balance the average sizes (rather than the total sizes) in these subsets. We give an approximation-preserving reduction from our original splitting problem with fragmentation $$F=2$$F=2 to this averaging problem, and some approximation results in cases when m is close to either n or n / 2.
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Kuznicki, Z. T. "Universal electric field distribution in the limited p-n junction." Solid-State Electronics 34, no. 3 (March 1991): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(91)90191-z.
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Högberg, Mona N., Róbert Blaško, Lisbet Holm Bach, Niles J. Hasselquist, Gustaf Egnell, Torgny Näsholm, and Peter Högberg. "The return of an experimentally N-saturated boreal forest to an N-limited state: observations on the soil microbial community structure, biotic N retention capacity and gross N mineralisation." Plant and Soil 381, no. 1-2 (April 17, 2014): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2091-z.
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Howarth, R. W., F. Chan, D. P. Swaney, R. M. Marino, and M. Hayn. "Role of external inputs of nutrients to aquatic ecosystems in determining prevalence of nitrogen vs. phosphorus limitation of net primary productivity." Biogeochemistry 154, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00765-z.
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AbstractWhether net primary productivity in an aquatic ecosystem is limited by nitrogen (N), limited by phosphorus (P), or co-limited by N & P is determined by the relative supply of N and P to phytoplankton compared to their elemental requirements for primary production, often characterized by the “Redfield” ratio. The supply of these essential nutrients is affected by both external inputs and biogeochemical processes within the ecosystem. In this paper, we examine external sources of nutrients to aquatic systems and how the balance of N to P inputs influences nutrient limitation. For ocean subtropical gyres, a relatively balanced input of N and P relative to the Redfield ratio from deep ocean sources often leads to near co-limitation by N and P. For lakes, the external nutrient inputs come largely from watershed sources, and we demonstrate that on average the N:P ratio for these inputs across the United States is well above that needed by phytoplankton, which may contribute to P limitation in those lake that experience this average nutrient loading. Watershed inputs are also important for estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems, but ocean sources of nutrients are also significant contributors to overall nutrient loads. The ocean-nutrient sources of N and P are very often at or below the Redfield ratio of 16:1 molar, and can be substantially so, particularly in areas where the continental shelf is wide. This large input of coastal ocean nutrients with a low N:P ratio is one factor that may make N limitation more likely in many coastal marine ecosystems than in lakes.
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Iserles, Arieh, and Marcus Webb. "Orthogonal Systems with a Skew-Symmetric Differentiation Matrix." Foundations of Computational Mathematics 19, no. 6 (October 10, 2019): 1191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10208-019-09435-x.
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Abstract In this paper, we explore orthogonal systems in $$\mathrm {L}_2({\mathbb R})$$L2(R) which give rise to a real skew-symmetric, tridiagonal, irreducible differentiation matrix. Such systems are important since they are stable by design and, if necessary, preserve Euclidean energy for a variety of time-dependent partial differential equations. We prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between such an orthonormal system $$\{\varphi _n\}_{n\in {\mathbb Z}_+}$${φn}n∈Z+ and a sequence of polynomials $$\{p_n\}_{n\in {\mathbb Z}_+}$${pn}n∈Z+ orthonormal with respect to a symmetric probability measure $$\mathrm{d}\mu (\xi ) = w(\xi ){\mathrm {d}}\xi $$dμ(ξ)=w(ξ)dξ. If $$\mathrm{d}\mu $$dμ is supported by the real line, this system is dense in $$\mathrm {L}_2({\mathbb R})$$L2(R); otherwise, it is dense in a Paley–Wiener space of band-limited functions. The path leading from $$\mathrm{d}\mu $$dμ to $$\{\varphi _n\}_{n\in {\mathbb Z}_+}$${φn}n∈Z+ is constructive, and we provide detailed algorithms to this end. We also prove that the only such orthogonal system consisting of a polynomial sequence multiplied by a weight function is the Hermite functions. The paper is accompanied by a number of examples illustrating our argument.
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Schmitter, Marc, Wolfgang Bömicke, Rouven Behnisch, Justo Lorenzo Bermejo, Moritz Waldecker, Peter Rammelsberg, and Brigitte Ohlmann. "Ceramic Crowns and Sleep Bruxism: First Results from a Randomized Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010273.
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Background: This randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess whether sleep bruxism (SB) is associated with an increased rate of technical complications (ceramic defects) in lithium disilicate (LiDi) or zirconia (Z) molar single crowns (SCs). Methods: Adult patients were classified as affected or unaffected by SB based on structured questionnaires, clinical signs, and overnight portable electromyography (BruxOff) and block randomized into four groups according to SB status and crown material (LiDi or Z): LiDi-SB (n = 29), LiDi-no SB (n = 24), Z-SB (n = 23), and Z-no SB (n = 27). Differences in technical complications (main outcome) and survival and success rates (secondary outcomes) one year after crown cementation were assessed using Fisher’s exact test with significance level α = 0.05. Results: No technical complications occurred. Restoration survival rates were 100% in the LiDi-SB and LiDi-no SB groups, 95.7% in the Z-SB group, and 96.3% in the Z-no SB group (p > 0.999). Success rates were 96.6% in the LiDi-SB group, 95.8% in the LiDi-no SB group (p > 0.999), 91.3% in the Z-SB group, and 96.3% in the Z-no SB group (p ≥ 0.588). Conclusions: With a limited observation time and sample size, no effect of SB on technical complication, survival, and success rates of molar LiDi and Z SCs was detected.
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Domínguez-Palmero, Lilian, and Marc Balcells. "Colours of intermediate z bulges in Groth and GOODS-N." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S245 (July 2007): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308018383.
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AbstractThe chronology of bulge and disk formation is a major unsolved issue in galaxy formation, which impacts on our global understanding of the Hubble sequence. We present colours of the nuclear regions of intermediate-redshift disk galaxies, with the aim of obtaining empirical information of ages of bulges at intermediate z. We work with a sample of 248 galaxies (123 inclined + 125 face-on) from the HST Groth Strip Survey (Groth et al. 1994) and another one with 404 objects (214 inclined + 190 face-on) from the HST GOODS-N field (Giavalisco et al. 2004), covering redshifts 0.1 < z < 1.3. Those samples are apparent-diameter limited at R > 1.4″. We find that, as in the Local Universe, the minor axis color profiles are negative (bluer outward), and fairly gentle, indicating that bulge colours are not distinctly different from disk colours. We apply a conservative criterion to identify bulges and potential precursors of present-day bulges, based on nuclear excess surface brightness above the exponential profile of the outer parts. For galaxies with central brightness excesses, rest-frame colour distributions show a red sequence that confirms the finding of very red bulges by Koo et al. (2005), using independent methods. In contrast, galaxies without central brightness excesses show typical colours of star-forming populations. Clearly, something had truncated star formation in many high-density cores, already at z ~ 1. The truncation epoch is uncertain, 1.5 < z < 10. The colour-magnitude distribution of intermediate-z bulges shows more colour dispersion than that of bulges in the Local Universe. About 50% of bulges are as red as local bulges, while the remainder are significantly bluer, a possible sign of late bulge formation. We also find that bulge colours correlate with integrated galaxy colours and with their disk colours.
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Mamat, Constantin, Marc Pretze, Matthew Gott, and Martin Köckerling. "Synthesis, dynamic NMR characterization and XRD studies of novel N,N’-substituted piperazines for bioorthogonal labeling." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (November 21, 2016): 2478–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.242.
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Novel, functionalized piperazine derivatives were successfully synthesized and fully characterized by 1H/13C/19F NMR, MS, elemental analysis and lipophilicity. All piperazine compounds occur as conformers resulting from the partial amide double bond. Furthermore, a second conformational shape was observed for all nitro derivatives due to the limited change of the piperazine chair conformation. Therefore, two coalescence points were determined and their resulting activation energy barriers were calculated using 1H NMR. To support this result, single crystals of 1-(4-nitrobenzoyl)piperazine (3a, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 24.587(2), b = 7.0726(6), c = 14.171(1) Å, β = 119.257(8)°, V = 2149.9(4) Å3, Z = 4, D obs = 1.454 g/cm3) and the alkyne derivative 4-(but-3-yn-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperazine (4b, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 10.5982(2), b = 8.4705(1), c = 14.8929(3) Å, β = 97.430(1)°, V = 1325.74(4) Å3, Z = 4, D obs = 1.304 g/cm3) were obtained from a saturated ethyl acetate solution. The rotational conformation of these compounds was also verified by XRD. As proof of concept for future labeling purposes, both nitropiperazines were reacted with [18F]F–. To test the applicability of these compounds as possible 18F-building blocks, two biomolecules were modified and chosen for conjugation either using the Huisgen-click reaction or the traceless Staudinger ligation.
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Ogihara, Nobuhiro, and Yuichi Itou. "Mathematical Model Based on Staircase Structure for Impedance Analysis of Non-Ideal and Non-Uniform Processes in Porous Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 5 (December 22, 2023): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-025875mtgabs.
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis for porous electrodes in energy conversion and storage, described as resistance and capacitance, is widely used to understand their electrochemical processes. These processes include: (i) electronic resistance inside the electrode (R e), (ii) ionic resistance in the electrolyte bulk and inside the porous electrode (R ion), (iii) electrical double layer formation (C dl) and charge transfer resistance at the electrode electrolyte interface (R ct) , and (iv) diffusion for charge compensation. As one of the mathematical models in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for porous electrodes, a transmission line model is known, in which the pore structure is described as a cylinder geometry.1 We have proposed an analytical method that combines the transmission line model with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a symmetric cell,2 and have investigated resistance separation in lithium-ion batteries and its effect on battery performances.3-5 Due to mathematical constraints, the transmission line model is limited to a representation of an ideal, uniform process model. Here we propose a mathematical model based on a network model consisting of a staircase structure for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at porous electrodes that can describe not only ideal and uniform processes but also non-ideal and non-uniform processes (Fig. 1), and aims to help elucidate their borderline behavior.6 The proposed staircase model (Z SCM) gives a series equivalent circuit consisting of Z 0, which is a series circuit of electrode/electrolyte interface impedance (Z int0) and electronic resistance (R e0), and electrolyte resistance (R ion0) as an initial step without pores (Z SCM0 = R ion(0) + Z 0). The one-step model (Z SCM1) is then given a series equivalent circuit consisting of the parallel circuit of Z SCM0 and Z 1 and the electrolyte resistance R ion(1) in series (Z SCM1 = R ion(1) + (Z SCM0 −1+Z1 −1)−1). The staircase model is calculated by incorporating the 1 prior step (Fig. 2). Thus, the model with n steps (Z SCM(n)) is composed of a series equivalent circuit of the parallel circuit of Z SCM(n−1) and Z n and the electrolyte resistance R ion(n) (Z SCM(n) = R ion(n) + (Z SCM(n−1) −1 +Z n −1)−1). Fig. 3 shows Nyquist plots computed for each input parameter at 50 steps for non-Faradic and Faradic processes in the staircase model. The results are in good agreement with the profiles calculated for the transmission electric model.2 The presentation will further show examples of the calculated results using the staircase model for non-ideal and inhomogeneous processes and discuss the analysis of impedance behavior using real electrodes reflecting non-uniform processes. References R. de Levie, Electrochim. Acta, 9, 1231-1245 (1964). N. Ogihara, S. Kawauchi, C. Okuda, Y. Itou, Y. Takeuchi and Y. Ukyo, J. Electrochem. Soc., 159, A1034-A1039 (2012). N. Ogihara, Y. Itou, T. Sasaki and Y. Takeuchi, J. Phys. Chem. C, 119, 4612-4619 (2015). N. Ogihara, Y. Itou and S. Kawauchi, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 10, 5013-5018 (2019). Y. Itou, N. Ogihara and S. Kawauchi, J. Phys. Chem. C, 124, 5559-5564 (2020). N. Ogihara and Y. Itou, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 24, 21863-21871 (2022). Figure 1
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Nasution, Budiman, Winsyahputra Ritonga, Ruben Cornelius Siagian, Paulus Dolfie Pandara, Lulut Alfaris, Aldi Cahya Muhammad, and Arip Nurahman. "Relationship Between BE4DBE2 and Variables n and z: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Linear Regression, Nonparametric Regression, Naive Bayes Classification, Decision Tree Analysis, SVM Analysis, K-Means Clustering, and Bayesian Regression." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 11 (November 25, 2023): 9532–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i11.4483.
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This research employed various statistical techniques, including linear regression, nonparametric regression, Naive Bayes classification, decision tree analysis, Support Vector Machine (SVM) analysis, k-means clustering, and Bayesian regression, to analyze nuclear data. The research aims to explore the relationships between variables, predict binding energy, classify nuclear data, and identify similar groups. The research results revealed that linear regression indicated a significant influence of the intercept and predictor variable 'n' on the variable 'BE4DBE2,' while the variable 'z' was not significant. However, the overall model had limited explanatory power. Nonparametric regression with smoothing functions effectively modeled the relationship between 'BE4DBE2' and variables 'n' and 'z,' explaining approximately 11% of the variability in the response variable. Classification using Naive Bayes successfully categorized nuclear data based on 'n' and 'z,' revealing their relationship. Decision tree analysis evaluated the performance of this classification model and provided insights into accuracy, agreement, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and negative predictive value. SVM analysis successfully built an accurate SVM model with a linear kernel, classifying nuclear data while depicting decision boundaries and support vectors. K-means clustering grouped nuclear data based on 'n' and 'z,' revealing distinct characteristics and enabling the identification of similar clusters. The Bayesian regression model predicted binding energy using 'n' and 'z' as independent variables, capturing the Gaussian distribution of 'BE4DBE2' and providing statistical measures for parameter estimation. Ccomprehensives nuclear data analysis using various statistical approaches provides valuable insights into relationships, predictions, classification, and clustering, contributing to the advancement of nuclear science and facilitating further research in this field.
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Chiu, I.-Non, Keiichi Umetsu, Ryoma Murata, Elinor Medezinski, and Masamune Oguri. "The richness-to-mass relation of CAMIRA galaxy clusters from weak-lensing magnification in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 428–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1158.
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ABSTRACT We present a statistical weak-lensing magnification analysis on an optically selected sample of 3029 CAMIRA (Cluster finding Algorithm based on Multiband Identification of Red-sequence gAlaxies) galaxy clusters with richness N > 15 at redshift 0.2 ≤ z < 1.1 in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey. We use two distinct populations of colour-selected, flux-limited background galaxies, namely the low-z and high-z samples at mean redshifts of ≈1.1 and ≈1.4, respectively, from which to measure the weak-lensing magnification signal by accounting for cluster contamination as well as masking effects. Our magnification bias measurements are found to be uncontaminated according to validation tests against the ‘null-test’ samples for which the net magnification bias is expected to vanish. The magnification bias for the full CAMIRA sample is detected at a significance level of 9.51σ, which is dominated by the high-z background. We forward-model the observed magnification data to constrain the normalization of the richness-to-mass (N–M) relation for the CAMIRA sample with informative priors on other parameters. The resulting scaling relation is N∝ (M500)0.92 ± 0.13(1 + z)−0.48 ± 0.69, with a characteristic richness of N = 17.72 ± 2.60 and intrinsic lognormal scatter of 0.15 ± 0.07 at M500 = 1014 h−1 M⊙. With the derived N–M relation, we provide magnification-calibrated mass estimates of individual CAMIRA clusters, with the typical uncertainty of ≈39 and ≈32 per cent at richness of ≈20 and ≈40, respectively. We further compare our magnification-inferred N–M relation with those from the shear-based results in the literature, finding good agreement.
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Sun, Yidi, Jigan Xie, Huijing Hou, Min Li, Yitong Wang, and Xuetao Wang. "Effects of Zeolite on Physiological Characteristics and Grain Quality in Rice under Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation." Water 15, no. 13 (June 29, 2023): 2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15132406.
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Background: Zeolite (Z) is gradually used in rice production due to its holding ability for water and nutrients, but limited information is available on how its physiological function affects rice grain yield and quality under water stress. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Z application on rice physiological characteristics, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, grain yield and quality under continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD). Results: The results showed that, compared with CF, AWD reduced leaf SPAD, root bleeding intensity, aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, resulted in lower grain yield without Z application, but improved root–shoot ratio and root N accumulation. Z application increased dry matter and N accumulation, and subsequent grain yield by improving leaf SPAD and root bleeding intensity. Both AWD and Z application improved water use efficiency. AWD reduced head rice rate, chalky rice rate and chalkiness, but improved the taste value by increasing the breakdown and reducing the setback. Z application improved protein content, reduced breakdown and setback, but increased chalky rice rate and chalkiness. Conclusions: These results indicated that AWD and Z application could achieve several benefits including improved grain yield, grain quality and water use efficiency.
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Xu, Kun, Yun Zheng, and Yipeng Jing. "Photometric Objects around Cosmic Webs (PAC) Delineated in a Spectroscopic Survey. I. Methods." Astrophysical Journal 925, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac38a2.
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Abstract We provide a method for estimating the projected density distribution n ¯ 2 w p ( r p ) of photometric objects around spectroscopic objects in a spectroscopic survey. This quantity describes the distribution of photometric sources with certain physical properties (e.g., luminosity, mass, and color) around cosmic webs (PAC) traced by the spectroscopic objects. The method can make full use of current and future deep and wide photometric surveys to explore the formation of galaxies up to medium redshift (z s < 2) 3 3 Throughout the paper, we use z s for redshift, z for the z-band magnitude, z p for the photometric redshift. with the aid of cosmological spectroscopic surveys that sample only a fairly limited species of objects (e.g., emission line galaxies). As an example, we apply the PAC method to the CMASS spectroscopic and HSC-SSP PDR2 photometric samples to explore the distribution of galaxies for a wide range of stellar masses from 109.0 to 1012.0 M ⊙ around massive stars at z s ≈ 0.6. Using the abundance-matching method, we model n ¯ 2 w p ( r p ) in N-body simulation using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, and we accurately measure the stellar–halo mass relation and stellar mass function for the whole mass range. We can also measure the conditional stellar mass function of satellites for central galaxies of different mass. The PAC method has many potential applications for studying the evolution of galaxies.
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Nahar, Sultana N. "Photoionization and Electron-Ion Recombination of n = 1 to Very High n-Values of Hydrogenic Ions." Atoms 9, no. 4 (October 3, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9040073.
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Single electron hydrogen or hydrogenic ions have analytical forms to evaluate the atomic parameters for the inverse processes of photoionization and electron-ion recombination (H I + hν↔ H II + e) where H is hydrogen. Studies of these processes have continued until the present day (i) as the computations are restricted to lower principle quantum number n and (ii) to improve the accuracy. The analytical expressions have many terms and there are numerical instabilities arising from cancellations of terms. Strategies for fast convergence of contributions were developed but precise computations are still limited to lower n. This report gives a brief review of the earlier precise methodologies for hydrogen, and presents numerical tables of photoionization cross sections (σPI), and electron-ion recombination rate coefficients (αRC) obtained from recombination cross sections (σRC) for all n values going to a very high value of 800. σPI was obtained using the precise formalism of Burgess and Seaton, and Burgess. αRC was obtained through a finite integration that converge recombination exactly as implemented in the unified method of recombination of Nahar and Pradhan. Since the total electron-ion recombination includes all levels for n = 1–∞, the total asymptotic contribution of n = 801–∞, called the top-up, is obtained through a n−3 formula. A FORTRAN program “hpxrrc.f” is provided to compute photoionization cross sections, recombination cross sections and rate coefficients for any nl. The results on hydrogen atom can be used to obtain those for any hydrogenic ion of charge z through z-scaling relations provided in the theory section. The present results are of high precision and complete for astrophysical modelings.
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Davis, Dustin, Karl Gebhardt, Erin Mentuch Cooper, William P. Bowman, Barbara Garcia Castanheira, John Chisholm, Robin Ciardullo, et al. "HETDEX Public Source Catalog 1—Stacking 50,000 Lyman Alpha Emitters ∗." Astrophysical Journal 954, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace4c2.
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Abstract We describe the ensemble properties of the 1.9 < z < 3.5 Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs) found in the HETDEX survey’s first public data release, HETDEX Public Source Catalog 1. Stacking the low-resolution (R ∼ 800) spectra greatly increases the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), revealing spectral features otherwise hidden by noise, and we show that the stacked spectrum is representative of an average member of the set. The flux-limited, Lyα S/N restricted stack of 50,000 HETDEX LAEs shows the ensemble biweight average z ∼ 2.6 LAE to be a blue (UV continuum slope ∼ −2.4 and E(B – V) < 0.1), moderately bright (M UV ∼ −19.7) star-forming galaxy with strong Lyα emission (log L Lyα ∼ 42.8 and W λ (Lyα) ∼ 114 Å), and potentially significant leakage of ionizing radiation. The rest-frame UV light is dominated by a young, metal-poor stellar population with an average age of 5–15 Myr and metallicity of 0.2–0.3 Z ⊙.
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Cornu, Tatjana I., and Juan Carlos de la Torre. "Characterization of the Arenavirus RING Finger Z Protein Regions Required for Z-Mediated Inhibition of Viral RNA Synthesis." Journal of Virology 76, no. 13 (July 1, 2002): 6678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.13.6678-6688.2002.
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ABSTRACT The prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an enveloped virus with a bisegmented negative-strand RNA genome whose proteomic capability is limited to four polypeptides, namely, nucleoprotein; surface glycoprotein (GP), which is proteolytically processed into GP1 and GP2; polymerase (L); and a small (11-kDa) RING finger protein (Z). Using a reverse genetic system based on the ARM strain of LCMV, we have previously shown that Z has a strong inhibitory activity on LCMV minigenome transcription and RNA replication (T. I. Cornu and J. C. de la Torre, J. Virol. 75:9415-9426, 2001). In the present study, we have identified regions and specific amino acid residues within Z which contribute to its inhibitory activity on RNA synthesis mediated by the LCMV polymerase. Z proteins from different LCMV strains had similar inhibitory activities on the expression of the LCMV ARM minigenome, whereas the Z protein of the genetically more distantly related Tacaribe virus had an approximately 10-fold lower inhibitory activity on ARM minigenome expression. Results from the use of chimera proteins between Z and Xenopus Neuralized, a nonviral RING finger protein, indicated that the structural integrity of the Z RING domain (RD) was required but not sufficient for the inhibitory activity of Z. Serial deletion mutants of the N and C termini of Z showed that the N terminus (residues 1 through 16) and C terminus (residues 79 through 90) do not contribute to the Z inhibitory activity. A highly conserved tryptophan (W) residue located at position 36 in ARM-Z, next to the second conserved cysteine (C) residue of the Z RD, also contributed to the Z inhibitory activity.
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Qin, Le-Zheng, Zhaxi Suonan, Seung Hyeon Kim, and Kun-Seop Lee. "Growth and reproductive responses of the seagrass Zostera marina to sediment nutrient enrichment." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 3 (February 21, 2021): 1160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab031.
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Abstract Nutrient loading into coastal sediments is increasing due to anthropogenic activity and climate change. We examined the effects of sediment nutrient enrichment on the growth and reproduction of Zostera marina by adding nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers into sediments. Areal productivity and shoot density increased by ca. 60% in N and N + P enrichment plots and by ca. 20% in the P enrichment plots. Biomass and shoot height were also higher in the N and N + P enrichment plots than in the P enrichment and control plots. These results suggest that sediment N availability was more important than P availability in stimulating the vegetative growth of Z. marina . The density and morphology of reproductive shoots and seed production increased in only the N enrichment plots. The sediment N enrichment stimulated both the vegetative growth and sexual reproduction, improving the meadow resilience through both sexual and asexual mechanisms. The P enrichment slightly increased only the vegetative growth and might have limited influence on seagrass reproduction. According to these results, the alteration of the sediment nutrient regimes might shift the balance between the vegetative growth and sexual reproduction of Z. marina. These findings may have important implications for the management of seagrass meadows under fluctuations in sediment nutrients caused by anthropogenic activity and climate change.
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Tsaknakis, Konstantinos, Jan H. Kreuzer, Friederike Luise Metzger, Katharina Jäckle, Katja A. Lüders, Lena Braunschweig, Heiko M. Lorenz, and Anna K. Hell. "Reduced Volumetric Bone Mineral Density of the Spine in Adolescent Rett Girls with Scoliosis." Children 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2022): 1902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121902.
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In advanced Rett syndrome (RTT), limited or complete loss of ambulation, nutritional problems and scoliosis are unfavorable factors for bone mineral density (BMD). Still, there are few data available in this research area. Spinal quantitative computed tomography (QCT) allows an exact measurement of the volumetric BMD (vBMD) in this patient group. Two examiners measured vBMD of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae on asynchronous calibrated CTs that were acquired prior to surgical scoliosis correction (n = 21, age 13.6 ± 2.5 years). The values were compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls to additionally derive Z-scores (n = 22, age 13.8 ± 2.0 years). The results showed the most significant reduction of vBMD values in non-ambulatory RTT patients, with p < 0.001 and average BMD-Z-score −1.5 ± 0.2. In the subgroup comparison, non-ambulatory patients with valproate treatment had significant lower values (p < 0.001) than ambulatory patients without valproate therapy, with an average BMD-Z-score of −2.3 ± 0.2. Comparison of the Z-scores to critical BMD thresholds of 120 and 80 mg/cm3 showed normal Z-scores in case of the ambulatory RTT subgroup, as opposed to BMD-Z-scores of the non-ambulatory RTT subgroups, which were partially below osteopenia-equivalent values. Furthermore, valproate treatment seems to have a direct effect on vBMD in RTT patients and when combined with loss of ambulation, BMD-Z-scores are reduced to osteoporosis-equivalent levels or even further.
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Siegmund, Peter. "Stratospheric Polar Cap Mean Height and Temperature as Extended-Range Weather Predictors." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 2436–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr2985.1.
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Abstract The skill of stratospheric and tropospheric predictors in predicting near-surface quantities at the extended range (∼10 days–2 months) has been investigated, using 40 yr of reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The predictors are 1) the geopotential height (Z) at various levels, 2) the difference between Z and the 1000-hPa geopotential [Z − Z(1000)], and 3) the temperature at various levels. The predictors are averages over the area north of 65°N. The predictands are Z(1000) averaged over the same area and geographical fields of several near-surface quantities. The predictive skill has been investigated for different lead times between predictor and predictand and different averaging periods of the predictor and the predictand. The results show that the predictive skill of Z in the troposphere is mainly due to the predictive skill of sea level pressure, whereas the predictive skill of Z in the stratosphere is mainly due to the predictive skill of stratospheric temperature. The predictive skill is largest in the end of December, for the predictor Z at 50 hPa and the temperature between 250 and 50 hPa. The temperature also has significant predictive skill in the upper stratosphere in the summer. In winter, for lead times larger than 5 days the stratospheric Z is a better predictor of the daily Z(1000) than Z(1000) itself. Whereas the predictive skill of the stratospheric Z is largest for zero lead time, the predictive skill of the stratospheric Z − Z(1000) and temperature are largest for lead times of about 10 days, evidencing the finite propagation time of geopotential anomalies from the stratosphere to the surface. The skill of the stratospheric height and temperature in predicting the wintertime monthly mean field of Z(1000) is mainly limited to the region north of 60°N. The stratospheric predictive skill for the monthly mean fields of the zonal wind at 850 hPa and the near-surface temperature is particularly large around 60°N. The correlation pattern of the near-surface temperature field and the stratospheric temperature is qualitatively similar to the corresponding pattern for the Arctic Oscillation index, except at middle latitudes over Eurasia and over the subtropical Pacific.
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Harrington, Robin A., James H. Fownes, and Peter M. Vitousek. "Production and Resource Use Efficiencies in N- and P-Limited Tropical Forests: A Comparison of Responses to Long-term Fertilization." Ecosystems 4, no. 7 (November 1, 2001): 646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-001-0034-z.
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Pivovarniček, Pavol. "Komparácia úrovne akceleračnej rýchlosti a explozívnej sily z hľadiska hráčskych pozícií futbalistov reprezentácie Slovenska U21." Studia sportiva 8, no. 1 (July 14, 2014): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2014-1-10.
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The aim of the study was to compare the level of limited physical abilities – sprint and jump abilities of the players of Slovak national under-21 soccer team at different positions. The observational group consisted of Slovak national under-21 soccer players (N = 18, goalkeepers N = 2, defenders N = 4, midfielders N = 7, forwards N = 5) in time of qualification for the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. The level of sprint abilities was diagnosed with the device Fitro Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic). The criterion for the level assessment was the time obtained in the distance of 10 m with the exactness of 0.01 s. The level of jump abilities was diagnosed with the device FiTRO Jumper (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic). The criterion for the level assessment was the jump height in cm with the exactness of 0.1 cm. Differences in the level of sprint and jump abilities were recognised and defined with the special subject analysis. The level of sprint abilities of the whole group was presented with the average performance with the value 2.21±0.08 s. The level of jump abilities with the average performance with the value 39.0±4.2 cm. We have not found out with special subject analysis any significant differences in monitored parameters between groups divided according to playing positions. The significantly lower level was observed only in the level of sprint abilities of goalkeepers.
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Arigliani, Michele, Luigi Castriotta, Ramatu Zubair, Livingstone Gayus Dogara, Chiara Zuiani, Emma Raywood, Katy Vecchiato, et al. "Differences in lung function between children with sickle cell anaemia from West Africa and Europe." Thorax 74, no. 12 (October 17, 2019): 1154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213717.
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IntroductionLung function abnormalities are common in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) but data from sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We hypothesised that children with SCA from West Africa had worse lung function than their counterparts from Europe.MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study evaluated spirometry and anthropometry in black African individuals with SCA (haemoglobin phenotype SS) aged 6–18 years from Nigeria and the UK, when clinically stable. Age-matched controls were also included in Nigeria to validate the Global Lung Initiative spirometry reference values.ResultsNigerian SCA patients (n=154) had significant reductions in both FEV1 and FVC of ~1 z-score compared with local controls (n=364) and ~0.5 z-scores compared with the UK patients (n=101). Wasting (body mass index z-score<−2) had a prevalence of 27% in Nigerian patients and 7% in the UK ones (p<0.001). Among children with SCA, being resident in Nigeria (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.9), wasting (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.0) and each additional year of age (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) were independently associated with increased risk of restrictive spirometry (FVC z-score<−1.64+FEV1/FVC≥−1.64).ConclusionsThis study showed that chronic respiratory impairment is more severe in children with SCA from West Africa than Europe. Our findings suggest the utility of implementing respiratory assessment in African children with SCA to early identify those with chronic lung injury, eligible for closer follow-up and more aggressive therapies.
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Beverage, Aliza G., Mariska Kriek, Charlie Conroy, Nathan R. Sandford, Rachel Bezanson, Marijn Franx, Arjen van der Wel, and Daniel R. Weisz. "From Carbon to Cobalt: Chemical Compositions and Ages of z ∼ 0.7 Quiescent Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 948, no. 2 (May 1, 2023): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc176.
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Abstract We present elemental abundance patterns (C, N, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, and Ni) for a population of 135 massive quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 0.7 with ultra-deep rest-frame optical spectroscopy drawn from the LEGA-C survey. We derive average ages and elemental abundances in four bins of stellar velocity dispersion (σ v ) ranging from 150–250 km s−1 using a full-spectrum hierarchical Bayesian model. The resulting elemental abundance measurements are precise to 0.05 dex. The majority of elements, as well as the total metallicity and stellar age, show a positive correlation with σ v . Thus, the highest dispersion galaxies formed the earliest and are the most metal-rich. We find only mild or nonsignificant trends between [X/Fe] and σ v , suggesting that the average star formation timescale does not strongly depend on velocity dispersion. To first order, the abundance patterns of the z ∼ 0.7 quiescent galaxies are strikingly similar to those at z ∼ 0. However, at the lowest-velocity dispersions, the z ∼ 0.7 galaxies have slightly enhanced N, Mg, Ti, and Ni abundance ratios and earlier formation redshifts than their z ∼ 0 counterparts. Thus, while the higher-mass quiescent galaxy population shows little evolution, the low-mass quiescent galaxies population has grown significantly over the past 6 Gyr. Finally, the abundance patterns of both z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 0.7 quiescent galaxies differ considerably from theoretical prediction based on a chemical evolution model, indicating that our understanding of the enrichment histories of these galaxies is still very limited.
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Burgarella, Denis, Véronique Buat, and Georgios Magdis. "HerMES: Lyman Break Galaxies Individually Detected at 0.7 ≤ z ≤ 2.0 in GOODS-N with Herschel/SPIRE." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S277 (December 2010): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311023015.
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AbstractAs part of the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey we have investigated the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) properties of a sample of more than 4800 Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey North field. Most LBGs are not detected individually, but we do detect a sub-sample of 12 objects at 0.7 < z < 1.6 and one object at z = 2.0. The LBGs have been selected using color-color diagrams; the ones detected by Herschel SPIRE have redder colors than the others, while the undetected ones have colors consistent with average LBGs at z > 2.5. The spectral energy distributions of the objects detected in the rest-frame FIR are investigated using the code cigale to estimate physical parameters. We include far-UV (FUV) data from GALEX. We find that LBGs detected by SPIRE are high mass, luminous infrared galaxies. It appears that LBGs are located in a triangle-shaped region in the AFUV vs. LogLFUV = 0 diagram limited by AFUV = 0 at the bottom and by a diagonal following the temporal evolution of the most massive galaxies from the bottom-right to the top-left of the diagram. This upper envelop can be used as upper limits for the UV dust attenuation as a function of LFUV. The limits of this region are well explained using a closed-box model, where the chemical evolution of galaxies produces metals, which in turn lead to higher dust attenuation when the galaxies age.
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Brisbin, Drew, Oskari Miettinen, Manuel Aravena, Vernesa Smolčić, Ivan Delvecchio, Chunyan Jiang, Benjamin Magnelli, et al. "An ALMA survey of submillimeter galaxies in the COSMOS field: Multiwavelength counterparts and redshift distribution." Astronomy & Astrophysics 608 (November 29, 2017): A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730558.
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We carried out targeted ALMA observations of 129 fields in the COSMOS region at 1.25 mm, detecting 152 galaxies at S/N ≥ 5 with an average continuum RMS of 150 μJy. These fields represent a S/N-limited sample of AzTEC/ASTE sources with 1.1 mm S/N ≥ 4 over an area of 0.72 square degrees. Given ALMA’s fine resolution and the exceptional spectroscopic and multiwavelength photometric data available in COSMOS, this survey allows us unprecedented power in identifying submillimeter galaxy counterparts and determining their redshifts through spectroscopic or photometric means. In addition to 30 sources with prior spectroscopic redshifts, we identified redshifts for 113 galaxies through photometric methods and an additional nine sources with lower limits, which allowed a statistically robust determination of the redshift distribution. We have resolved 33 AzTEC sources into multi-component systems and our redshifts suggest that nine are likely to be physically associated. Our overall redshift distribution peaks at z ~ 2.0 with a high-redshift tail skewing the median redshift to \hbox{$\tilde{z}=2$}.48 ± 0.05. We find that brighter millimeter sources are preferentially found at higher redshifts. Our faintestsources, with S1.25 mm < 1.25 mJy, have a median redshift of \hbox{$\tilde{z}=2$}.18 ± 0.09, while the brightest sources, S1.25 mm > 1.8 mJy, have a median redshift of \hbox{$\tilde{z}=3$}.08 ± 0.17. After accounting for spectral energy distribution shape and selection effects, these results are consistent with several previous submillimeter galaxy surveys, and moreover, support the conclusion that the submillimeter galaxy redshift distribution is sensitive to survey depth.
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Lin, Hsiang-Yu, Chung-Lin Lee, Pao Chin Chiu, Dau-Ming Niu, Fuu-Jen Tsai, Wuh-Liang Hwu, Shio Jean Lin, et al. "Relationships among Height, Weight, Body Mass Index, and Age in Taiwanese Children with Different Types of Mucopolysaccharidoses." Diagnostics 9, no. 4 (October 14, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040148.
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Background: Children with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) generally appear unaffected at birth but may develop multiple clinical manifestations including profound growth impairment as they grow older. Each type of MPS has a variable age at onset and variable rate of progression, however, information regarding growth in Asian children is limited. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 129 Taiwanese patients with MPS (age range, 0.7 to 19.5 years, median age, 7.9 years) from eight medical centers in Taiwan from January 1996 through December 2018. Results: The mean z scores for the first recorded values of height, weight, and body mass index in the patients’ medical records were −4.25, −1.04, and 0.41 for MPS I (n = 9), −2.31, 0.19, and 0.84 for MPS II (n = 49), −0.42, 0.08, and −0.12 for MPS III (n = 27), −6.02, −2.04, and 0.12 for MPS IVA (n = 30), and −4.46, −1.52, and 0.19 for MPS VI (n = 14), respectively. MPS IVA had the lowest mean z scores for both height and weight among all types of MPS, followed by MPS VI, MPS I, MPS II, and MPS III, which showed the mildest growth retardation. Both z scores for height and weight were negatively correlated with increasing age for all types of MPS (p < 0.01). Of 32 patients younger than 5 years of age, 16 (50%), and 23 (72%) had positive z scores of height and weight, respectively. A substantial number of younger patients with MPS I, II, III, and IVA had a positive height z score. The median age at diagnosis was 3.9 years (n = 115). Conclusions: The patients with MPS IVA had the most significant growth retardation among all types of MPS, followed by MPS VI, MPS I, MPS II, and MPS III. The height and weight of the MPS patients younger than 2–5 years of age were higher than those of healthy individuals, however, their growth significantly decelerated in subsequent years. Understanding the growth curve and potential involved in each type of MPS may allow for early diagnosis and timely management of the disease, which may improve the quality of life.
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Said, Kamaleldin B., Ahmed Alsolami, Safia Moussa, Fayez Alfouzan, Abdelhafiz I. Bashir, Musleh Rashidi, Rana Aborans, et al. "COVID-19 Clinical Profiles and Fatality Rates in Hospitalized Patients Reveal Case Aggravation and Selective Co-Infection by Limited Gram-Negative Bacteria." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 5270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095270.
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Bacterial co-infections may aggravate COVID-19 disease, and therefore being cognizant of other pathogens is imperative. We studied the types, frequency, antibiogram, case fatality rates (CFR), and clinical profiles of co-infecting-pathogens in 301 COVID-19 patients. Co-infection was 36% (n = 109), while CFR was 31.2% compared to 9.9% in non-co-infected patients (z-value = 3.1). Four bacterial species dominated, namely, multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (37%, n = 48), extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (26%, n = 34), multidrug-resistant Eschericia. coli (18.6%, n = 24), and extremely drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.5%, n = 11), in addition to other bacterial species (9.3%, n = 12). Increased co-infection of K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii was associated with increased death rates of 29% (n = 14) and 32% (n = 11), respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was equally frequent in respiratory and urinary tract infections (UTI), while E. coli mostly caused UTI (67%), and A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa dominated respiratory infections (38% and 45%, respectively). Co-infections correlated with advance in age: seniors ≥ 50 years (71%), young adults 21–49 years (25.6%), and children 0–20 years (3%). These findings have significant clinical implications in the successful COVID-19 therapies, particularly in geriatric management. Future studies would reveal insights into the potential selective mechanism(s) of Gram-negative bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 patients.
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Said, Kamaleldin B., Ahmed Alsolami, Safia Moussa, Fayez Alfouzan, Abdelhafiz I. Bashir, Musleh Rashidi, Rana Aborans, et al. "COVID-19 Clinical Profiles and Fatality Rates in Hospitalized Patients Reveal Case Aggravation and Selective Co-Infection by Limited Gram-Negative Bacteria." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 5270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095270.
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Bacterial co-infections may aggravate COVID-19 disease, and therefore being cognizant of other pathogens is imperative. We studied the types, frequency, antibiogram, case fatality rates (CFR), and clinical profiles of co-infecting-pathogens in 301 COVID-19 patients. Co-infection was 36% (n = 109), while CFR was 31.2% compared to 9.9% in non-co-infected patients (z-value = 3.1). Four bacterial species dominated, namely, multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (37%, n = 48), extremely drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (26%, n = 34), multidrug-resistant Eschericia. coli (18.6%, n = 24), and extremely drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.5%, n = 11), in addition to other bacterial species (9.3%, n = 12). Increased co-infection of K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii was associated with increased death rates of 29% (n = 14) and 32% (n = 11), respectively. Klebsiella pneumoniae was equally frequent in respiratory and urinary tract infections (UTI), while E. coli mostly caused UTI (67%), and A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa dominated respiratory infections (38% and 45%, respectively). Co-infections correlated with advance in age: seniors ≥ 50 years (71%), young adults 21–49 years (25.6%), and children 0–20 years (3%). These findings have significant clinical implications in the successful COVID-19 therapies, particularly in geriatric management. Future studies would reveal insights into the potential selective mechanism(s) of Gram-negative bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 patients.
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Topping, Michael W., Alice E. Shapley, Ryan L. Sanders, Mariska Kriek, Naveen A. Reddy, Alison L. Coil, Bahram Mobasher, et al. "The MOSDEF survey: the mass–metallicity relationship and the existence of the FMR at z ∼ 1.5." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 506, no. 1 (June 26, 2021): 1237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1793.
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ABSTRACT We analyse the rest-optical emission-line ratios of z ∼ 1.5 galaxies drawn from the Multi-Object Spectrometer for Infra-Red Exploration Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. Using composite spectra, we investigate the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) at z ∼ 1.5 and measure its evolution to z = 0. When using gas-phase metallicities based on the N2 line ratio, we find that the MZR evolution from z ∼ 1.5 to z = 0 depends on stellar mass, evolving by $\Delta \rm log(\rm O/H) \sim 0.25$ dex at M*< $10^{9.75}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ down to $\Delta \rm log(\rm O/H) \sim 0.05$ at M* ≳ $10^{10.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. In contrast, the O3N2-based MZR shows a constant offset of $\Delta \rm log(\rm O/H) \sim 0.30$ across all masses, consistent with previous MOSDEF results based on independent metallicity indicators, and suggesting that O3N2 provides a more robust metallicity calibration for our z ∼ 1.5 sample. We investigated the secondary dependence of the MZR on star formation rate (SFR) by measuring correlated scatter about the mean M*-specific SFR and M*−$\log (\rm O3N2)$ relations. We find an anticorrelation between $\log (\rm O/H)$ and sSFR offsets, indicating the presence of a M*−SFR−Z relation, though with limited significance. Additionally, we find that our z ∼ 1.5 stacks lie along the z = 0 metallicity sequence at fixed μ = log (M*/M⊙) − 0.6 × $\log (\rm SFR / M_{\odot } \, yr^{-1})$ suggesting that the z ∼ 1.5 stacks can be described by the z = 0 fundamental metallicity relation (FMR). However, using different calibrations can shift the calculated metallicities off of the local FMR, indicating that appropriate calibrations are essential for understanding metallicity evolution with redshift. Finally, understanding how [N ii]/H α scales with galaxy properties is crucial to accurately describe the effects of blended [N ii] and H α on redshift and H α fiux measurements in future large surveys utilizing low-resolution spectra such as with Euclid and the Roman Space Telescope.
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DARROCH, B. A., and D. B. FOWLER. "DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN NO-TILL WINTER WHEAT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-054.
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Norstar winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was examined in 11 trials with the objective of determining the pattern of dry matter and nitrogen (N) accumulation in dryland stubbled-in winter wheat grown in Saskatchewan. In all 4 yr of this study, replicated no-till field trials were supplemented with 0, 34, 67 and 100 kg N ha−1 applied as ammonium nitrate (34-0-0) in early spring. A fifth treatment of 200 kg N ha−1 was evaluated in the final year of trials. Plant samples were collected at 2-wk intervals. Early season N uptake was more rapid than dry matter accumulation and 89% of the total N, compared to 70% of the total dry matter, was present at anthesis (Zadoks growth stages 60–68). Poor soil moisture availability limited N uptake after anthesis. Consequently, N uptake during the growing season was best described by a quadratic equation, Nitrogen yield = −29.1 + 3.02 Z − 0.018 Z2, where Z represents the Zadoks growth stage. Nitrogen concentrations of the stems and leaves decreased during the growing season while the N concentration of spikes varied among trials. Nitrogen fertilization often produced large increases in tissue N concentration at the beginning of the growing season. These differences decreased with time and by the end of the season tissue N concentrations were usually similar for all N rates. In general, when residual soil N levels were low to intermediate and rainfall was adequate, N fertilization increased dry matter yield, plant N yield, grain yield and grain protein yield. Nitrogen fertilization increased plant N concentration, plant N yield, grain protein concentration and grain protein yield when soil N reserves were intermediate to high and rainfall was adequate.Key words: Nitrogen uptake, wheat (winter), nitrogen response, tissue nitrogen, grain protein, environment
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Carpenter, Janet S., Ying Sheng, Charles D. Elomba, Jennifer S. Alwine, Min Yue, Caitlin A. Pike, Chen X. Chen, and James E. Tisdale. "A Systematic Review of Palpitations Prevalence by Menopausal Status." Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13669-020-00302-z.
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Abstract Purpose of the Review The purpose was to systematically review evidence on the prevalence of palpitations by menopausal stage. Palpitations are a feeling of missed, irregular, or exaggerated heart beats. Recent Findings Carefully delineated search, screening, and data extraction strategies resulted in five articles for review. Articles offered cross-sectional findings from menopausal symptom surveys from five countries between 1974 and 2011 with clinic- and community-based samples of premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women. Reported studies were good (n = 2) to fair (n = 3) quality with low (n = 2) to moderate (n = 3) bias. Menopausal palpitations were not the focus of any study but were assessed as a single item of heart racing, pounding, or discomfort over the past 2 weeks, month, or year. Palpitations prevalence rates by menopausal stage were 3.7 to 40.2% premenopausal, 20.1 to 40.2% perimenopausal, and 15.7 to 54.1% postmenopausal. Three of five articles showed that compared with premenopausal and postmenopausal women, palpitation prevalence was significantly higher among perimenopausal and surgically postmenopausal women. Summary Good-quality evidence on palpitation prevalence by menopausal stage is limited but suggests that physiological changes of menopause may play a role in this symptom. Measurement varied, suggesting a need to standardize the assessment of menopausal palpitations. The review findings suggest a strong need for clinicians and researchers to collaborate to standardize documentation of menopausal palpitations across the menopause transition.
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Hofer, Kevin D., Urs Schanz, Rahel Schwotzer, Gayathri Nair, Markus G. Manz, and Corinne C. Widmer. "Real-world outcomes in elderly ALL patients with and without allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-center evaluation over 10 years." Annals of Hematology 101, no. 5 (February 19, 2022): 1097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00277-022-04793-z.
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AbstractElderly patients (EP) of 60 years and above with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a dismal prognosis, but pediatric-inspired chemotherapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo HCT) are used reluctantly due to limited data and historical reports of high treatment-related mortality in EP. We analyzed 130 adult ALL patients treated at our center between 2009 and 2019, of which 26 were EP (range 60–76 years). Induction with pediatric-inspired protocols was feasible in 65.2% of EP and resulted in complete remission in 86.7% compared to 88.0% in younger patients (YP) of less than 60 years. Early death occurred in 6.7% of EP. Three-year overall survival (OS) for Ph − B-ALL was significantly worse for EP (n = 16) than YP (n = 64) with 30.0% vs 78.1% (p ≤ 0.001). Forty-nine patients received allo HCT including 8 EP, for which improved 3-year OS of 87.5% was observed, whereas EP without allo HCT died after a median of 9.5 months. In Ph + B-ALL, 3-year OS did not differ between EP (60.0%, n = 7) and YP (70.8%, n = 19). Non-relapse mortality and infection rate were low in EP (14.3% and 12.5%, respectively). Our data indicate that selected EP can be treated effectively and safely with pediatric regimens and might benefit from intensified therapy including allo HCT.
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Ziegler, Christopher, Philip Eisenhauer, Inessa Manuelyan, Marion Weir, Emily Bruce, Bryan Ballif, and Jason Botten. "Host-Driven Phosphorylation Appears to Regulate the Budding Activity of the Lassa Virus Matrix Protein." Pathogens 7, no. 4 (December 9, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens7040097.
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Lassa mammarenavirus (LASV) is an enveloped RNA virus that can cause Lassa fever, an acute hemorrhagic fever syndrome associated with significant morbidity and high rates of fatality in endemic regions of western Africa. The arenavirus matrix protein Z has several functions during the virus life cycle, including coordinating viral assembly, driving the release of new virus particles, regulating viral polymerase activity, and antagonizing the host antiviral response. There is limited knowledge regarding how the various functions of Z are regulated. To investigate possible means of regulation, mass spectrometry was used to identify potential sites of phosphorylation in the LASV Z protein. This analysis revealed that two serines (S18, S98) and one tyrosine (Y97) are phosphorylated in the flexible N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. Notably, two of these sites, Y97 and S98, are located in (Y97) or directly adjacent to (S98) the PPXY late domain, an important motif for virus release. Studies with non-phosphorylatable and phosphomimetic Z proteins revealed that these sites are important regulators of the release of LASV particles and that host-driven, reversible phosphorylation may play an important role in the regulation of LASV Z protein function.
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Kriegsmann, Mark, Christiane Zgorzelski, Rita Casadonte, Kristina Schwamborn, Thomas Muley, Hauke Winter, Martin Eichhorn, et al. "Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Reliable and Fast Classification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes." Cancers 12, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 2704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092704.
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Subtyping of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is paramount for therapy stratification. In this study, we analyzed the largest NSCLC cohort by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to date. We sought to test different classification algorithms and to validate results obtained in smaller patient cohorts. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) from including adenocarcinoma (ADC, n = 499) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC, n = 440), were analyzed. Linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and random forest (RF) were applied using samples randomly assigned for training (66%) and validation (33%). The m/z species most relevant for the classification were identified by on-tissue tandem mass spectrometry and validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Measurements from multiple TMAs were comparable using standardized protocols. RF yielded the best classification results. The classification accuracy decreased after including less than six of the most relevant m/z species. The sensitivity and specificity of MSI in the validation cohort were 92.9% and 89.3%, comparable to IHC. The most important protein for the discrimination of both tumors was cytokeratin 5. We investigated the largest NSCLC cohort by MSI to date and found that the classification of NSCLC into ADC and SqCC is possible with high accuracy using a limited set of m/z species.
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Damjanov, Ivana, Jubee Sohn, Margaret J. Geller, Yousuke Utsumi, and Ian Dell’Antonio. "Size and Spectroscopic Evolution of HectoMAP Quiescent Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 943, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca88f.
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Abstract The HectoMAP survey provides a complete, mass-limited sample of 30,231 quiescent galaxies with i-band Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC SSP) imaging that spans the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.6. We combine half-light radii based on HSC SSP imaging with redshifts and D n 4000 to explore the size–mass relation, R e = A × M * α , and its evolution for the entire HectoMAP quiescent population and for two subsets of the data. Newcomers with 1.5 < D n 4000 < 1.6 at each redshift show a steeper increase in A as the universe ages than the population that descends from galaxies that are already quiescent at the survey limit, z ∼ 0.6 (the resident population). In broad agreement with previous studies, evolution in the size–mass relation both for the entire HectoMAP sample and for the resident population (but not for the newcomers alone) is consistent with minor merger driven growth. For the resident population, the evolution in the size–mass relation is independent of the population age at z ∼ 0.6. The contrast between the sample of newcomers and the resident population provides insight into the role of commonly termed “progenitor bias” on the evolution of the size–mass relation.
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Huang, Long-Gang, Feng Chen, Xinwei Li, Yaohua Li, Rong Lü, and Yong-Chun Liu. "Dynamic synthesis of Heisenberg-limited spin squeezing." npj Quantum Information 7, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00505-z.
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AbstractSpin squeezing is a key resource in quantum metrology, allowing improvements of measurement signal-to-noise ratio. Its generation is a challenging task because the experimental realization of the required squeezing interaction remains difficult. Here, we propose a generic scheme to synthesize spin squeezing in non-squeezing systems. By using periodical rotation pulses, the original non-squeezing interaction can be transformed into squeezing interaction, with significantly enhanced interaction strength. The sign of the interaction coefficient is also flippable, facilitating time-reversal readout protocol for nonlinear interferometers. The generated spin squeezing is capable of achieving the Heisenberg limit with measurement precision ∝ 1/N for N particles and its robustness to noises of pulse areas and separations has been verified as well. This work offers a path to extending the scope of Heisenberg-limited quantum precision measurements in non-squeezing systems.
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Lin, Jieli, Shihua Liu, Jie Zhang, Hansjörg Grützmacher, Cheng-Yong Su, and Zhongshu Li. "Room Temperature Stable E,Z-Diphosphenes: Their Isomerization, Coordination, and Cycloaddition Chemistry." Chemical Science, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3sc04506d.
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E,Z-isomers display distinct physical properties and chemical reactivities. However, investigations on heavy main group elements remain limited. In this work, we present the isolation and X-ray crystallographic characterization of N-heterocyclic...
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Djamel, Bellaouar, and Boudaoud Abdelmadjid. "Representation of integers: a nonclassical point of view." Journal of Logic and Analysis 12 (December 28, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4115/jla.2020.12.4.
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In \cite{A.Boudaoud1}, the author asked the following question: Which $n\in \mathbb{N}$ unlimited can be represented as a sum $% n=s+w_{1}w_{2}$, where $s\in \mathbb{Z}$ is a limited integer and $\omega _{1}$, $\omega _{2}$ are two unlimited positive integers? In this survey article we partially answer this question, i.e., we present some families of unlimited positive integers which can be written as the sum of a limited integer and the product of at least two unlimited positive integers.
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Kajiura, Hiroyuki, Ryousuke Miyauchi, Akemi Kakudo, Takao Ohashi, Ryo Misaki, and Kazuhito Fujiyama. "Bombyx mori β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase possesses relaxed donor substrate specificity in N-glycan synthesis." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (March 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84771-z.
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AbstractN-Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational protein modifications in eukaryotic cells. Although more than 200 N-glycogenes contributing to N-glycan biosynthesis have been identified and characterized, the information on insect N-glycosylation is still limited. Here, focusing on insect N-glycosylation, we characterized Bombyx mori N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (BmGalNAcT) participating in complex N-glycan biosynthesis in mammals. BmGalNAcT localized at the Golgi and was ubiquitously expressed in every organ and in the developmental stage of the middle silk gland of fifth instar larvae. Analysis of recombinant BmGalNAcT expressed in Sf9 cells showed that BmGalNAcT transferred GalNAc to non-reducing terminals of GlcNAcβ1,2-R with β1,4-linkage. In addition, BmGalNAcT mediated transfer of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues but not transfer of either glucose or glucuronic acid from the UDP-sugar donor substrate to the N-glycan. Despite this tri-functional sugar transfer activity, however, most of the endogenous glycoproteins of insect cells were present without GalNAc, Gal, or GlcNAc residues at the non-reducing terminal of β1,2-GlcNAc residue(s). Moreover, overexpression of BmGalNAcT in insect cells had no effect on N-acetylgalactosaminylation, galactosylation, or N-acetylglucosaminylation of the major N-glycan during biosynthesis. These results suggested that B. mori has a novel multifunctional glycosyltransferase, but the N-glycosylation is highly and strictly regulated by the endogenous N-glycosylation machineries.
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Rocha, Giseli Swerts, Christopher C. Parrish, and Evaldo L. G. Espíndola. "Changes in photosynthetic parameters and lipid classes of N-limited Ankistrodesmus densus (Chlorophyceae) under cadmium exposure." Journal of Applied Phycology, November 11, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-022-02859-z.
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Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Karolina, Damian Muszyński, Daniel Styburski, Jakub Makarewicz, Bartosz Kamil Sobocki, Paweł Ulasiński, Karol Połom, Ewa Stachowska, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, and Leszek Kalinowski. "Untargeted metabolomics in gastric and colorectal cancer patients – preliminary results." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 14 (May 7, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1394038.
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IntroductionRecent years, microbiota-associated aspects have been analysed in multiple disorders regarding cancers. Existing evidence pints that gut microorganisms might take part in tumour origin and therapy efficacy. Nevertheless, to date, data on faecal metabolomics in cancer patients is still strongly limited. Therefore, we aimed to analyse gut untargeted metabolome in gastrointestinal cancer patients (i.e., gastric and colorectal cancer).Patients and methodsThere were 12 patients with either gastric (n=4) or colorectal cancer (n=8) enrolled and 8 analysed (n=4 each). Stool samples were collected prior to anti-cancer treatments. Untargeted metabolomics analyses were conducted by means of mass spectrometry.ResultsA plethora of metabolites in cancer patients we analysed were noted, with higher homogenity in case of gastric cancer patients. We found that the level of Deoxyguanosine,m/z 266.091,[M-H]-, Uridine,m/z 245.075,[M+H]+, Deoxyguanosine,m/z 268.104,[M]+, 3-Indoleacetic acid,m/z 176.07,[M+H]+, Indoxyl,m/z 132.031,[M-H]-, L-Phenylalanine,m/z 164.073,[M-H]-, L-Methionine,m/z 150.058,[M+NH4]+, was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients and Ethyl hydrogen malonate,m/z 133.031,[M+H]+ in gastric cancer.ConclusionThe overall insights into untargeted metabolomics showed that most often higher levels of analysed metabolites were detected in colorectal cancer patients compared to gastric cancer patients. The link between gut metabolome and both local and distal metastasis might exist, however it requires confirmation in further multi-centre studies regarding larger sample size.
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Galati, G., V. Boccia, A. Alexandrov, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, S. Argirò, M. Barbanera, et al. "Charge identification of fragments produced in 16O beam interactions at 200 MeV/n and 400 MeV/n on C and C2H4 targets." Frontiers in Physics 11 (January 29, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2023.1327202.
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Introduction: Charged Particle Therapy plays a key role in the treatment of deep-seated tumours, because of the advantageous energy deposition culminating in the Bragg peak. However, knowledge of the dose delivered in the entrance channel is limited by the lack of data on the beam and fragmentation of the target.Methods: The FOOT experiment has been designed to measure the cross sections of the nuclear fragmentation of projectile and target with two different detectors: an electronic setup for the identification of Z ≥ 3 fragments and a nuclear emulsion spectrometer for Z ≤ 3 fragments. In this paper, we analyze the data taken by exposing four nuclear emulsion spectrometers, with C and C2H4 targets, to 200 MeV/n and 400 MeV/n oxygen beams at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (Darmstadt, Germany), and we report the charge identification of produced fragments based on the controlled fading induced on nuclear emulsion films.Results: The goal of identifying fragments as heavy as lithium has been achieved.Discussion: The results will contribute to a better understanding of the nuclear fragmentation process in charged particle therapy and have implications for refining treatment planning in the presence of deep-seated tumors.
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Gay, Justin D., Bryce Currey, and E. N. J. Brookshire. "Global distribution and climate sensitivity of the tropical montane forest nitrogen cycle." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (November 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35170-z.
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AbstractTropical forests are pivotal to global climate and biogeochemical cycles, yet the geographic distribution of nutrient limitation to plants and microbes across the biome is unresolved. One long-standing generalization is that tropical montane forests are nitrogen (N)-limited whereas lowland forests tend to be N-rich. However, empirical tests of this hypothesis have yielded equivocal results. Here we evaluate the topographic signature of the ecosystem-level tropical N cycle by examining climatic and geophysical controls of surface soil N content and stable isotopes (δ15N) from elevational gradients distributed across tropical mountains globally. We document steep increases in soil N concentration and declining δ15N with increasing elevation, consistent with decreased microbial N processing and lower gaseous N losses. Temperature explained much of the change in N, with an apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of ~1.9. Although montane forests make up 11% of forested tropical land area, we estimate they account for >17% of the global tropical forest soil N pool. Our findings support the existence of widespread microbial N limitation across tropical montane forest ecosystems and high sensitivity to climate warming.
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Dlamini, B. N., C. Mudyanavana, S. Mdluli, V. E. Imbaytarwo-Chikosi, K. S. Ntshalintshali, and M. T. Masarirambi. "Strengthening the Monitoring and Surveillance System for Bovine Tuberculosis in Post Mortem Material from Slaughtered Cattle in Eswatini: A Review." Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, December 22, 2021, 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2021/v17i430204.
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The main objective of this review study was to examine the validity of test results generated by using the Ziehl-Neelsen smear microscopy as the sole diagnostic tool for the monitoring and surveillance of bovine tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered in Eswatini.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of available laboratory data of beef carcass condemnations for a study period from 2014 to 2018 was carried out. Literature was reviewed to find out potential sample preparation and concentration methods to improve the sensitivity of current Z-N smear microscopy.
Results: The limited literature reviewed in this study has briefly highlighted (i) the limitations of using the Z-N direct smear microscopy as a screening and confirmatory laboratory test for bovine tuberculosis suspected carcasses, (ii) that the Z-N smear microscopy method may be inadequate for identifying and differentiating other acid fast bacilli co-existing in a M. bovis infection, (iii) that concentration of lymph node aspirate samples may improve the sensitivity of acid fast bacilli smear microscopy, (iv) that strategic deployment of ancillary laboratory tests, such as the Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and the Polymerase chain reaction test (PCR) alongside the Z-N smear microscopy may achieve an adequate level of diagnostic test performance.
Conclusion: In order to strengthen the surveillance and monitoring of bovine tuberculosis in the country, it is necessary to consider techniques for the concentration of bovine tuberculosis suspect lymph node samples, to use Rapid diagnostic test Kits in parallel to the Z-N direct smear microscopy.
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Webb, Jackie R., Rakesh Awale, and Wendy C. Quayle. "Poultry litter increased irrigated cotton N uptake with limited improvement on 15N-labelled urea recovery over one season." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, December 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10705-022-10251-z.
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Petreska Stanoeva, Jasmina, Elena Stefova, Marinela Cvetanoska, and Jane Bogdanov. "Establishing mass spectral fragmentation patterns for characterization of 1,2 -unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides in Boraginaceae species from Macedonia using LC-ESI-MS/MS." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 41, no. 1 (June 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2022.2491.
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary plant metabolites, and their 1,2-unsaturated derivatives, which contain the retronecine, heliotridine, or otonecine type of the necine base, have raised concern due to their ability to form hepatotoxic intermediates and exhibit serious toxic effects. Several hundred individual pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides have been identified mostly using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, although the number of available reference standards is limited. In this work, characteristic fragment ions and their abundance in the mass spectra of different PAs were used to reveal typical fragmentation patterns for various classes of PAs that can be further employed to distinguish monoesters (retronecine, heliotridine type), open chain diesters and macrocyclic diesters, and corresponding N-oxides. Fragment ions at m/z 120 and 138 were found in all types of PAs with a different relative abundance. Additional observation of fragment ions at m/z 94 and 156 was found to be typical for monoester PAs esterified at position C9 of the necin base, whereas fragment ions at m/z 111 and 172 were characteristic for monoester N-oxides. Fragment ions at m/z 180 and 220 were found to be typical for open chain diesters with esterification at C7 with acetic and angelic acid, respectively, whereas fragment ions at m/z 214 and 254 were characteristic for the respective N-oxides. For the 3ʹ-acetyl PA monoester or open chain diester derivatives, characteristic fragment ions were observed after loss of the acetyl moiety ([M+H]+–60), whereas for macrocyclic diesters and their N-oxides, fragment ions due to the neutral loss of CO were found ([M+H]+–28).
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McCulloch, Lindsay A., and Stephen Porder. "Lower nodule biomass with increased nitrogenase efficiency in Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings when grown under low soil phosphorus conditions." SN Applied Sciences 2, no. 11 (October 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03518-z.
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AbstractSymbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation is the largest non-anthropogenic N input to many terrestrial ecosystems. The energetic expense of symbiotic N fixation suggests soil phosphorus (P) availability may regulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation directly through nodule development and function, and/or indirectly through plant growth. Since P availability is heterogenous in the landscape, we sought to understand if symbiotic nitrogen fixation responds to both P availability and heterogeneity. To test how P availability affects symbiotic nitrogen fixation, we grew Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings under high (8.1 g P m−2) and low (0.2 g P m−2) conditions. Soil P heterogeneity was simulated by splitting roots into soil patches receiving P or no-P fertilizer. At the whole plant level, P availability limited seedling and nodule biomass. However, the low P treatment had higher nitrogenase efficiency (acetylene reduced (AR) g−1 nodule; a nodule efficiency proxy). High P seedlings had significantly more root and nodule biomass in the patches directly receiving P fertilizer, but patch proliferation was absent in the low P treatment. AR g−1 seedling did not differ between P treatments, suggesting P indirectly limited symbiotic nitrogen fixation through plant growth, rather than directly limiting symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This relatively consistent AR g−1 seedling across treatments demonstrates the ability of seedlings to respond to low P conditions with increased nitrogenase efficiency.
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Elgersma, Scott V., Andrew J. Sederman, Michael D. Mantle, Constant M. Guédon, Gary J. Wells, and Lynn F. Gladden. "Effect of Tube-to-Pellet Diameter Ratio on Turbulent Hydrodynamics in Packed Beds: A Magnetic Resonance Velocity Imaging Study." Applied Magnetic Resonance, September 4, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00723-023-01605-z.
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AbstractThe hydrodynamics in packed reactors strongly influences reactor performance. However, limited experimental techniques are capable of non-invasively measuring the velocity field in optically opaque packed beds at the turbulent flow conditions of commercial relevance. Here, compressed sensing magnetic resonance velocity imaging has been applied to investigate the hydrodynamics of turbulent flow through narrow packed beds of hollow cylindrical catalyst support pellets as a function of the tube-to-pellet diameter ratio, $$N$$ N , for $$N=$$ N = 2.3, 3.7, and 4.8. 3D images of time-averaged velocity for the gas flow through the beds were acquired at constant Reynolds number, $$R{e}_{\mathrm{p}}=$$ R e p = 2500, at a spatial resolution of 0.70 mm ($$\tt x$$ x ) $$\times$$ × 0.70 mm ($$\tt y$$ y ) $$\times$$ × 1.0 mm ($$\tt z$$ z ). The resulting flow images give insight into the bed and pellet scale hydrodynamics, which were systematically compared as a function of $$N$$ N . Some changes in hydrodynamics with $$N$$ N were observed. Namely, the near-wall hydrodynamics changed with $$N$$ N , with the $$N=$$ N = 4.8 bed showing higher velocity at the wall compared to the $$N=$$ N = 2.3 and $$N=$$ N = 3.7 beds. Further, in the $$N=$$ N = 3.7 bed, channels of high velocity, termed flow lanes, were found 1.3 particle diameters from the wall, possibly due to the bed structure in this particular bed. At the pellet scale, the hydrodynamics were found to be independent of $$N$$ N . The results reported here demonstrate the capability of magnetic resonance velocity imaging for studying turbulent flows in packed beds, and they provide fundamental insight into the effect of $$N$$ N on the hydrodynamics.
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Iwamoto, Sean J., John D. Rice, Natalie J. Nokoff, Kerrie L. Moreau, Marc-Andre Cornier, Margaret E. Wierman, Mary P. Mancuso, and Micol S. Rothman. "SAT399 Are Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy Duration And Body Mass Index Associated With Bone Mineral Density In Transgender And Gender Diverse Adults?" Journal of the Endocrine Society 7, Supplement_1 (October 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvad114.2070.
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Abstract Disclosure: S.J. Iwamoto: None. J.D. Rice: None. N.J. Nokoff: None. K.L. Moreau: None. M. Cornier: None. M.E. Wierman: None. M.P. Mancuso: None. M.S. Rothman: None. Background: Sex steroids play crucial roles in bone mineral density (BMD) accrual and maintenance. Data on gender-affirming hormone therapy’s (GAHT) bone effects in transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adults have been limited to non-U.S. cohorts with higher gonadectomy and smoking rates. A higher prevalence of low BMD has been seen in TGD adults prior to initiating feminizing, compared to masculinizing, GAHT (fGAHT, mGAHT). Both fGAHT and mGAHT maintain lumbar spine (LS) BMD and increase Z-scores. Adult femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) site data are limited. The associations of GAHT duration and body mass index (BMI) with bone health among U.S. TGD adults are understudied. Objectives: To evaluate the associations between BMDs and Z-scores with GAHT duration and BMI among nonsmoking TGD adults aged 18-40 years, without prior gonadectomy, taking estrogen+spironolactone (fGAHT) or testosterone (mGAHT) for >1 year. Hypotheses: BMDs and Z-scores among fGAHT and mGAHT are within expected male and female reference ranges. Increasing GAHT duration and BMI are each associated with increasing BMDs and Z-scores at FN, TH and LS sites. Methods: Cross-sectional study of FN, TH, and LS bone density outcomes measured by total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 30 adults receiving GAHT within a metropolitan area. Means±standard deviations were calculated. Associations between BMDs and Z-scores and the predictors, GAHT duration and BMI, were estimated for each of the three sites using linear regression. Results: Among fGAHT (n=15, n=0 non-White or Hispanic, age 28.7±4.8 years, GAHT 3.1±2.1 years, estradiol 189.7±119.6 pg/mL, total testosterone 97.6±99.5 ng/dL), mean BMI was in the overweight range (27.6±6.4 kg/m2) and mean total body percent fat was 33.7±7.3%. Among mGAHT (n=15, n=3 non-White, n=2 Hispanic, age 28.5±5.7 years, GAHT 4.0±2.0 years, estradiol 46.8±24.0 pg/mL, total testosterone 544.6±332.8 ng/dL), mean BMI was also in the overweight range (BMI 25.3±5.9 kg/m2) and mean total body percent fat was 29.8±7.1%. Both fGAHT and mGAHT groups had BMDs and Z-scores within expected male and female reference ranges at all three sites. Increasing BMI among mGAHT, but not fGAHT, was associated with increasing FN and TH, not LS, BMDs and Z-scores using male and female references (p<0.05). GAHT duration was not associated with BMDs or Z-scores. Conclusions: Z-scores in nonsmoking TGD adults taking fGAHT or mGAHT for >1 year, without prior gonadectomy, and with average BMIs in the overweight range, were reassuringly within the expected ranges for age. Increasing BMI, but not GAHT duration, was associated with higher FN and TH, but not LS, BMDs and Z-scores among mGAHT only. Larger studies, especially prospective, are needed to understand the associations between body composition changes (for example, lean mass and fat mass), normal or low BMIs, and gonadectomy with BMDs and Z-scores. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023
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Zhang, Tao, Yanlu Lian, and Gennian Ge. "On lattice tilings of Z n by limited magnitude error balls B(n, 2, 1, 1)." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2023, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2023.3301669.
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