Journal articles on the topic 'Mosaic diseases [of sugar-cane]'
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1
Ernawati, Feny, Syamsuddin Djauhari, Mintarto Martosudiro, Lilik Koesmihartono Putra, and Ari Kristini. "Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (ScSMV) Resistance Evaluation of Sugarcane Varieties." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 26, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.71158.
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Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (ScSMV) is the most important viral disease of sugarcane in Indonesia with distribution in almost all commercial sugarcane plantations. The disease causes significant yield losses of both cane tonnage and sugar yield. The use of resistant varieties is the best approach for controlling viral diseases. This study aims to investigate resistance response of several introduced varieties against ScSMV in a glasshouse condition and the impact of the viral infection on chlorophyll and proline content in sugarcane leaves. Sugarcane plants were inoculated using ScSMV inoculum one month after planting using an abrasive pad rubbing method. Disease incidence and severity was observed at week 4-12 after inoculation and variety resistance levels were classified based on disease incidence. Confirmation of the virus was done by RT-PCR. Spectrophotometer was used to measure chlorophyll content at dual wavelengths of 645 and 663 nm, and proline content at wavelengths of 520 nm. The results showed that most of the tested varieties were susceptible to ScSMV. There are six highly resistant varieties, namely SRA 1, SRA 2, N 10-4, N 10-7, N10-9, and N 10-13, but these varieties still require to be tested on a field scale. ScSMV infection generally decrease chlorophyll and proline content. However, the physiological effect of ScSMV infection on chlorophyll and proline content needs further investigation.
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Lu, Guilong, Zhoutao Wang, Fu Xu, Yong-Bao Pan, Michael P. Grisham, and Liping Xu. "Sugarcane Mosaic Disease: Characteristics, Identification and Control." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091984.
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Mosaic is one of the most important sugarcane diseases, caused by single or compound infection of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), and/or Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV). The compound infection of mosaic has become increasingly serious in the last few years. The disease directly affects the photosynthesis and growth of sugarcane, leading to a significant decrease in cane yield and sucrose content, and thus serious economic losses. This review covers four aspects of sugarcane mosaic disease management: first, the current situation of sugarcane mosaic disease and its epidemic characteristics; second, the pathogenicity and genetic diversity of the three viruses; third, the identification methods of mosaic and its pathogen species; and fourth, the prevention and control measures for sugarcane mosaic disease and potential future research focus. The review is expected to provide scientific literature and guidance for the effective prevention and control of mosaic through resistance breeding in sugarcane.
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He, Er-Qi, Wen-Qing Bao, Sheng-Ren Sun, Chun-Yu Hu, Jian-Sheng Chen, Zheng-Wang Bi, Yuan Xie, Jia-Ju Lu, and San-Ji Gao. "Incidence and Distribution of Four Viruses Causing Diverse Mosaic Diseases of Sugarcane in China." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020302.
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Mosaic diseases of sugarcane caused by various viruses have been reported in most sugarcane planting countries and threaten global sugar production. There is a lack of extensive, systematic investigation of mosaic diseases and their causal viruses in China. In this study, a total of 901 leaf samples showing mosaic symptoms were collected from commercial fields in eight provincial regions in China and tested for sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV), and maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) using RT-PCR with four specific primer pairs. Of 901 tested samples, 38.5% (347/901) of samples were infected with one of the four viruses alone. Infection by two or more viruses was seen for 42.6% (384/901) of samples. The highest incidence of virus-causing sugarcane mosaic disease was SrMV (70.1%), followed by SCMV (33.4%) and SCSMV (30.3%), and the lowest incidence was seen for MaYMV (5.1%). Three viruses (SrMV, SCMV, and SCSMV) were found in eight sugarcane-planting provinces, whereas MaYMV was only found in Fujian, Guangxi, and Sichuan provinces. Mixed infections of the three main viruses, particularly for SrMV + SCMV and SrMV + SCSMV, were commonly found in the sugarcane samples. Our systematic determination of the occurrence and distribution of four RNA viruses associated with sugarcane mosaic diseases can provide evidence to guide the development of strategies for the prevention and control of sugarcane mosaic diseases in China.
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Gomez Talquenca, Sebastian, Rodrigo Alonso, Facundo Luna, Melisa Lanza Volpe, and Fernando Buscema. "Occurrence of Nine Grapevine Viruses in Commercial Vineyards of Mendoza, Argentina." Viruses 15, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010177.
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Grapevine is a widely grown fruit crop that is seriously affected by different viruses, reducing grape yield and quality, as well as threatening profitability. Vineyard disease management requires accurate identification of viral infections. This study aimed to survey the presence of ten grapevine viruses in four geographic sites in the Mendoza province of Argentina. Two hundred twenty-three composite cane samples from 1060 plants of six cultivars were collected from 26 blocks distributed across 11 vineyards. The cane samples were screened by RT-PCR for the following viruses: grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1–4 (GLRaV 1, 2, 3, and 4), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine virus A (GVA) and B (GVB), grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV), and arabis mosaic virus (ArMV). The results showed an uneven occurrence of viruses through the sampled regions, with GRSPaV being prevalent (71.1%), followed by GFLV (28.9%), GFkV (20.6%), and GLRaV-2 (14.7%). GVB was not detected. This study revealed a moderate prevalence of viruses associated with economically impactful diseases in the vineyards surveyed.
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Weiland, John J., Roshan Sharma Poudel, Alyssa Flobinus, David E. Cook, Gary A. Secor, and Melvin D. Bolton. "RNAseq Analysis of Rhizomania-Infected Sugar Beet Provides the First Genome Sequence of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus from the USA and Identifies a Novel Alphanecrovirus and Putative Satellite Viruses." Viruses 12, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060626.
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“Rhizomania” of sugar beet is a soilborne disease complex comprised of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and its plasmodiophorid vector, Polymyxa betae. Although BNYVV is considered the causal agent of rhizomania, additional viruses frequently accompany BNYVV in diseased roots. In an effort to better understand the virus cohort present in sugar beet roots exhibiting rhizomania disease symptoms, five independent RNA samples prepared from diseased beet seedlings reared in a greenhouse or from field-grown adult sugar beet plants and enriched for virus particles were subjected to RNAseq. In all but a healthy control sample, the technique was successful at identifying BNYVV and provided sequence reads of sufficient quantity and overlap to assemble > 98% of the published genome of the virus. Utilizing the derived consensus sequence of BNYVV, infectious RNA was produced from cDNA clones of RNAs 1 and 2. The approach also enabled the detection of beet soilborne mosaic virus (BSBMV), beet soilborne virus (BSBV), beet black scorch virus (BBSV), and beet virus Q (BVQ), with near-complete genome assembly afforded to BSBMV and BBSV. In one field sample, a novel virus sequence of 3682 nt was assembled with significant sequence similarity and open reading frame (ORF) organization to members within the subgenus Alphanecrovirus (genus Necrovirus; family Tombusviridae). Construction of a DNA clone based on this sequence led to the production of the novel RNA genome in vitro that was capable of inducing local lesion formation on leaves of Chenopodium quinoa. Additionally, two previously unreported satellite viruses were revealed in the study; one possessing weak similarity to satellite maize white line mosaic virus and a second possessing moderate similarity to satellite tobacco necrosis virus C. Taken together, the approach provides an efficient pipeline to characterize variation in the BNYVV genome and to document the presence of other viruses potentially associated with disease severity or the ability to overcome resistance genes used for sugar beet rhizomania disease management.
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Fernando Gil, Jose, Daniel Wibberg, Omid Eini, Eugene I. Savenkov, Mark Varrelmann, and Sebastian Liebe. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Molecular Insights into the Interaction of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and Beet soil-borne mosaic virus with Their Host Sugar Beet." Viruses 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12010076.
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Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and Beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV) are closely related species, but disease development induced in their host sugar beet displays striking differences. Beet necrotic yellow vein virus induces excessive lateral root (LR) formation, whereas BSBMV-infected roots appear asymptomatic. A comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to elucidate transcriptomic changes associated with disease development. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specific either to BNYVV or BSBMV, although both viruses shared a high number of DEGs. Auxin biosynthesis pathways displayed a stronger activation by BNYVV compared to BSBMV-infected plants. Several genes regulated by auxin signalling and required for LR formation were exclusively altered by BNYVV. Both viruses reprogrammed the transcriptional network, but a large number of transcription factors involved in plant defence were upregulated in BNYVV-infected plants. A strong activation of pathogenesis-related proteins by both viruses suggests a salicylic acid or jasmonic acid mediated-defence response, but the data also indicate that both viruses counteract the SA-mediated defence. The ethylene signal transduction pathway was strongly downregulated which probably increases the susceptibility of sugar beet to Benyvirus infection. Our study provides a deeper insight into the interaction of BNYVV and BSBMV with the economically important crop sugar beet.
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Daubeny, Hugh A. "012 EXPLOITATION OF RUBUS STRIGOSUS IN RASPBERRY BREEDING." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 429c—429. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.429c.
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The indigenous North American red raspberry, Rubis strigosus has been neglected in breeding programs. Only four cultivars, `Cuthbert', `Latham', `Herbert' and `Ranere' provide most of the germplasm contained in present-day cultivars; no more than six individual wild genotypes of the species are represented by the four cultivars. In recent years, the B.C. breeding program has screened seedling populations of hitherto unexploited genotypes of the species from various locations in North America. Useful traits identified in selections from the populations include levels of resistance to 1) the North American aphid vector, Amphorophora agathonica, of the raspberry mosaic virus complex, 2) to several cane diseases and 3) to root rot caused by Phytophthora fragariae var rubi, as well as desirable fruit traits, such as bright, non-darkening red color and easy release. Selections with cultivar potential have now been identified in the second and third backcross generations from the species.
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Zhang, Lei, Jing Shang, Wenming Wang, Junbo Du, Kai Li, Xiaoling Wu, Liang Yu, Chunyan Liu, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli, and Wenyu Yang. "Comparison of Transcriptome Differences in Soybean Response to Soybean Mosaic Virus under Normal Light and in the Shade." Viruses 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11090793.
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Shading in the intercropping system is a major abiotic factor which influences soybean growth and development, while soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a biotic factor that limits the yield and quality of soybean. However, little is known about the defense response of soybean to SMV in the shade. Thus, in the current study, both intensity and quality (red:far-red, R:FR) of the light were changed to simulate the shaded environment and comparative transcriptome analysis was performed. Morphologically, plant growth was inhibited by SMV, which decreased 35.93% of plant height and 8.97% of stem diameter in the shade. A total of 3548 and 4319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in soybean plants infected with SMV under normal light and in the shade. Enrichment analysis showed that the plant defense-related genes were upregulated under normal light but downregulated in the shade. Pathways that were repressed include plant-pathogen interaction, secondary metabolism, sugar metabolism, and vitamin metabolism. In addition, genes associated with signaling pathways such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ETH) were also downregulated in the shade. A qRT-PCR assay of 15 DEGs was performed to confirm transcriptome results. According to our knowledge, this is the first report on soybean response to dual stress factors. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in which soybean plants were infected with SMV in the shade.
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Mahillon, Mathieu, Raphaël Groux, Floriane Bussereau, Justine Brodard, Christophe Debonneville, Sonia Demal, Isabelle Kellenberger, Madlaina Peter, Thomas Steinger, and Olivier Schumpp. "Virus Yellows and Syndrome “Basses Richesses” in Western Switzerland: A Dramatic 2020 Season Calls for Urgent Control Measures." Pathogens 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080885.
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Massive outbreaks of virus yellows (VY) and syndrome “basses richesses” (SBR) are thought to be responsible for the major loss of sugar beet yields in 2020 in western cantons of Switzerland. Typical yellowing symptoms were visible during field inspections, and control measures were reportedly ineffective or even absent. Both diseases induce yellowing but have distinct etiologies; while VY is caused by aphid-transmitted RNA viruses, SBR is caused by the cixiid-transmitted γ-proteobacterium Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus. To clarify the situation, samples from diseased plants across the country were screened for the causal agents of VY and SBR at the end of the season. Beet yellows virus (BYV) and Beet chlorosis virus (BChV) showed high incidence nationwide, and were frequently found together in SBR-infected fields in the West. Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) was detected in two sites in the West, while there was no detection of Beet western yellows virus or Beet mosaic virus. The nucleotide diversity of the detected viruses was then investigated using classic and high-throughput sequencing. For both diseases, outbreaks were analyzed in light of monitoring of the respective vectors, and symptoms were reproduced in greenhouse conditions by means of insect-mediated inoculations. Novel quantification tools were designed for BYV, BChV and Ca. A. phytopathogenicus, leading to the identification of specific tissues tropism for these pathogens.
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Kousik, Chandrasekar S., James Brusca, and William W. Turechek. "Diseases and Disease Management Strategies Take Top Research Priority in the Watermelon Research and Development Group Members Survey (2014 to 2015)." Plant Health Progress 17, no. 1 (January 2016): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-s-15-0047.
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Watermelon is an important crop grown for its fruit in the United States and many other countries across the world. A survey of members of the Watermelon Research and Development Group was conducted (2014 to 2015) to identify and rank research priorities. Participants were asked to assign a ranking from 1 to 10 for 25 listed priorities with 1 being most important. Priorities were partitioned into five groups on the basis of the results of several complementary analyses. Based on 30 respondents included in the final analysis, diseases and strategies for their management were identified as the most important research priorities. Fusarium wilt and host resistance to gummy stem blight were considered top priorities and were included in group 1. Group 2 included bacterial fruit blotch, anthracnose resistance, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, fruit yield, improved post-harvest fruit quality, and powdery mildew. Group 3 included seedless pollination, Phytophthora fruit rot, seedless hybrid production, hollow heart, downy mildew, firm flesh, and sugar content. Grafting methods, various viral diseases, and whitefly resistance were included in the 4th group. All write-in priorities fell into the 5th group. The present survey results indicates that research efforts should be directed towards developing solutions for managing important watermelon diseases. Accepted for publication 23 March 2016. Published 29 March 2016.
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Reynard, Jean-Sébastien, Justine Brodard, Vivian Zufferey, Markus Rienth, Paul Gugerli, Olivier Schumpp, and Arnaud G. Blouin. "Nuances of Responses to Two Sources of Grapevine Leafroll Disease on Pinot Noir Grown in the Field for 17 Years." Viruses 14, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14061333.
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Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the most economically damaging virus diseases in grapevine, with grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) as the main contributors. This study complements a previously published transcriptomic analysis and compared the impact of two different forms of GLD to a symptomless control treatment: a mildly symptomatic form infected with GLRaV-1 and a severe form with exceptionally early leafroll symptoms (up to six weeks before veraison) infected with GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3. Vine physiology and fruit composition in 17-year-old Pinot noir vines were measured and a gradient of vigor, yield, and berry quality (sugar content and berry weight) was observed between treatments. Virome composition, confirmed by individual RT-PCR, was compared with biological indexing. Three divergent viromes were recovered, containing between four to seven viruses and two viroids. They included the first detection of grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus in Switzerland. This virus did not cause obvious symptoms on the indicators used in biological indexing. Moreover, the presence of grapevine virus B (GVB) did not cause the expected corky bark symptoms on the indicators, thus underlining the important limitations of the biological indexing. Transmission of GLRaV-3 alone or in combination with GVB by Planococcus comstocki mealybug did not reproduce the strong symptoms observed on the donor plant infected with a severe form of GLD. This result raises questions about the contribution of each virus to the symptomatology of the plant.
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Ogunwolu, E. O., T. E. Reagan, and K. E. Damann. "Efficacy of pest control strategies in Louisiana sugar cane: a preliminary survey." Journal of Agricultural Science 108, no. 3 (June 1987): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600080102.
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SummaryAlthough the first or second clonal cuttings of heat-treated sugar cane were widely used for seed, differences were not detected among crop years or locations in the incidence of ratoon stunting disease. Sugar-cane mosaic virus (SCMV) disease was widespread in all areas surveyed; however, the plant cane crop had a lower incidence of SCMV than the first or the second ratoon crop. The estimated cane yield was increased approximately 19·4 t/ha by heat treatment during the 2-year survey period.The management system used to control the sugar-cane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (F.), was effective regardless of the crop year or area surveyed. Season-long SCB control was achieved by the use of two (1981) or three (1982) properly timed applications of insecticide and the use of a SCB moderately resistant variety resulting in an average of 6–9% bored sugar-cane internodes.Poor weed management, particularly with johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.), accounted for much of the reduction in cane yield (P < 0·01); the estimated yields of the second ratoon crop were substantially altered, particularly those of farms surveyed in the Bayou Lafourche area.
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Koch, Claudia, Fabian J. Eber, Carlos Azucena, Alexander Förste, Stefan Walheim, Thomas Schimmel, Alexander M. Bittner, et al. "Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (April 25, 2016): 613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.54.
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The rod-shaped nanoparticles of the widespread plant pathogentobacco mosaic virus(TMV) have been a matter of intense debates and cutting-edge research for more than a hundred years. During the late 19th century, their behavior in filtration tests applied to the agent causing the 'plant mosaic disease' eventually led to the discrimination of viruses from bacteria. Thereafter, they promoted the development of biophysical cornerstone techniques such as electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. Since the 1950s, the robust, helically arranged nucleoprotein complexes consisting of a single RNA and more than 2100 identical coat protein subunits have enabled molecular studies which have pioneered the understanding of viral replication and self-assembly, and elucidated major aspects of virus–host interplay, which can lead to agronomically relevant diseases. However, during the last decades, TMV has acquired a new reputation as a well-defined high-yield nanotemplate with multivalent protein surfaces, allowing for an ordered high-density presentation of multiple active molecules or synthetic compounds. Amino acid side chains exposed on the viral coat may be tailored genetically or biochemically to meet the demands for selective conjugation reactions, or to directly engineer novel functionality on TMV-derived nanosticks. The natural TMV size (length: 300 nm) in combination with functional ligands such as peptides, enzymes, dyes, drugs or inorganic materials is advantageous for applications ranging from biomedical imaging and therapy approaches over surface enlargement of battery electrodes to the immobilization of enzymes. TMV building blocks are also amenable to external control of in vitro assembly and re-organization into technically expedient new shapes or arrays, which bears a unique potential for the development of 'smart' functional 3D structures. Among those, materials designed for enzyme-based biodetection layouts, which are routinely applied, e.g., for monitoring blood sugar concentrations, might profit particularly from the presence of TMV rods: Their surfaces were recently shown to stabilize enzymatic activities upon repeated consecutive uses and over several weeks. This review gives the reader a ride through strikingly diverse achievements obtained with TMV-based particles, compares them to the progress with related viruses, and focuses on latest results revealing special advantages for enzyme-based biosensing formats, which might be of high interest for diagnostics employing 'systems-on-a-chip'.
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Griggs, Peter. "Defeating Cane Diseases: Plant Pathologists and the Development of Disease Control Strategies in the Australian Sugar Industry, 1920 - 1950." Historical Records of Australian Science 18, no. 1 (2007): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr06008.
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Between 1920 and 1950, the Queensland sugar industry was troubled by many of the diseases that plagued sugar cane, often in serious proportions. Financial losses from these disease outbreaks in the 1920s prompted the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) and the Queensland Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations (BSES) to employ university-trained plant pathologists who undertook research into identifying the diseases, understanding their etiology and devising control strategies to reduce their impact. Archival records, annual reports of both organizations and published scientific papers are used to reconstruct the programmes of research undertaken into these diseases. Control strategies developed as a result of this research included restrictions on the movement of cane plants, the establishment of quarantine districts, use of disease-free planting material, pre-treatment of planting material with hot water and/or solutions of organic mercurial fungicides, and 'roguing' of diseased cane plants. Consequently, by 1950, gumming, Fiji and downy mildew diseases — three of the most troublesome cane diseases in Australia — had been virtually eliminated in sugar-producing districts.
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Kaweesi, Tadeo, John Colvin, Lahcen Campbell, Paul Visendi, Gareth Maslen, Titus Alicai, and Susan Seal. "In silico prediction of candidate gene targets for the management of African cassava whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, SSA1-SG1), a key vector of viruses causing cassava brown streak disease." PeerJ 12 (February 23, 2024): e16949. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16949.
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Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci sensu lato) have a wide host range and are globally important agricultural pests. In Sub-Saharan Africa, they vector viruses that cause two ongoing disease epidemics: cassava brown streak disease and cassava mosaic virus disease. These two diseases threaten food security for more than 800 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa. Efforts are ongoing to identify target genes for the development of novel management options against the whitefly populations that vector these devastating viral diseases affecting cassava production in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to identify genes that mediate osmoregulation and symbiosis functions within cassava whitefly gut and bacteriocytes and evaluate their potential as key gene targets for novel whitefly control strategies. The gene expression profiles of dissected guts, bacteriocytes and whole bodies were compared by RNAseq analysis to identify genes with significantly enriched expression in the gut and bacteriocytes. Phylogenetic analyses identified three candidate osmoregulation gene targets: two α-glucosidases, SUC 1 and SUC 2 with predicted function in sugar transformations that reduce osmotic pressure in the gut; and a water-specific aquaporin (AQP1) mediating water cycling from the distal to the proximal end of the gut. Expression of the genes in the gut was enriched 23.67-, 26.54- and 22.30-fold, respectively. Genome-wide metabolic reconstruction coupled with constraint-based modeling revealed four genes (argH, lysA, BCAT & dapB) within the bacteriocytes as potential targets for the management of cassava whiteflies. These genes were selected based on their role and essentiality within the different essential amino acid biosynthesis pathways. A demonstration of candidate osmoregulation and symbiosis gene targets in other species of the Bemisia tabaci species complex that are orthologs of the empirically validated osmoregulation genes highlights the latter as promising gene targets for the control of cassava whitefly pests by in planta RNA interference.
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Nicolella, Alexandre C., and Walter Belluzzo. "The effect of reducing the pre-harvest burning of sugar cane on respiratory health in Brazil." Environment and Development Economics 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x14000096.
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AbstractThis paper analyzes the effect of reducing pre-harvest burning of sugar cane on the population's respiratory health in Brazil. We collected data for the municipalities in the state of São Paulo for two different periods: 2000, before the state law requiring the gradual elimination of sugar cane area utilizing pre-burning, and 2007. We used panel models for inpatient visits due to respiratory diseases, outpatient visits for inhalation procedures and length of stay for inpatient visits due to respiratory diseases, controlling for the endogeneity between health and pollution. The results show that increasing the area of raw sugar cane harvested reduces the number of inpatient visits and does not affect the number of inhalation procedures or length of stay.
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Batuman, O., and R. L. Gilbertson. "First Report of Columnea latent viroid (CLVd) in Tomato in Mali." Plant Disease 97, no. 5 (May 2013): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-12-0920-pdn.
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During surveys of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fields in Niono, Mali, conducted in March 2011, unusual disease symptoms, including stunted growth, epinasty, and chlorosis of leaves and necrosis of leaf veins and stems were observed in multiple fields. The incidence of these symptoms was low (~1 to 5%), but they were distinct from those associated with known diseases in the region. A representative leaf sample with these symptoms was applied to filter paper (FTA cards, Whatman), and DNA and RNA extracts were prepared according to manufacturer instructions. RT-PCR tests for Tomato spotted wilt virus, Tobacco streak virus, Tomato necrotic spot virus, Tobacco/tomato mosaic viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, torradoviruses, and potyviruses, and PCR tests for begomoviruses, phytoplasmas, and ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’ infection were also negative. However, virus-like symptoms developed in all 16 tomato seedlings (cv. Early Pak 7) 7 to 10 days after mechanical (sap) inoculation with inoculum prepared from the FTA sample. No symptoms developed in mock-inoculated control plants (n = 3). Symptoms induced included stunted growth and severe epinasty of leaves, followed by necrosis of leaf veins, petioles, and stems. These symptoms were similar to those observed in plants in Mali. When RNA extracts prepared from leaves of these symptomatic plants were mechanically inoculated onto 24 tomato seedlings, similar symptoms developed in all plants, suggesting the causal agent might be a viroid. RT-PCR tests with RNA from symptomatic tomato leaves and universal (3) and various specific Pospiviroid primer pairs were negative. However, equivalent RT-PCR tests conducted with the pCLV4/pCLVR4 primer pair specific for Columnea latent viroid (CLVd) (2) generated a DNA fragment of the expected size (~370 bp). The sequence of this DNA fragment (GenBank Accession No. JQ362419) was 99% identical with those of CLVd isolates from the Netherlands (AY373446 and AY372396). In host range studies, the CLVd isolate from Mali induced symptoms in all 48 mechanically-inoculated tomato plants, whereas no symptoms developed (up to 90 days after inoculation) in inoculated Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum (cvs. Havana, Glurk and Turkish), N. glutinosa, Datura stramonium, common bean (cvs. Topcrop and Pinto bean), pumpkin (cv. Small Sugar), pepper (Capsicum annuum, cv. Yolo Wonder) and cucumber (cvs. Emparator and Poinsett 76) plants (results of three independent experiments with six plants per experiment). Symptomless infections were detected in pepper (24 of 30), N. benthamiana (25 of 25), and N. tabacum cv. Turkish (11 of 24) plants by RT-PCR with the pCLV4/pCLVR4 primer pair. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CLVd infecting tomato in Mali. RT-PCR tests of seeds collected from CLVd-infected tomato, pepper, and N. benthamiana plants also detected CLVd (1). Thus, it is possible that CLVd was introduced into Mali in association with seed. References: (1) O. Batuman and R. L. Gilbertson. Phytopathology 102:S4.9, 2012. (2) R. L. Spieker. Arch. Virol. 141:1823, 1996. (3) J. T. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:823, 2004.
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Cardoso, Adriana V. N., Susana A. Z. Lescano, Vicente Amato Neto, Érika Gakiya, and Sérgio V. Santos. "Survival of Trypanosoma cruzi in sugar cane used to prepare juice." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 48, no. 5 (October 2006): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652006000500009.
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Chagas disease can be transmitted to man by many different means, including contact with infected triatomine feces, blood transfusion, laboratory accidents, organ transplants, and congenital or oral routes. The latter mode has received considerable attention recently. In this assay, we evaluate the survival of Trypanosoma cruzi contaminating sugar cane used to prepare juice, as well as the viability and capacity for infection by the parasite after recovery. Thirty triatomines were contaminated with T. cruzi Y strain and 45 days later pieces of sugar cane were contaminated with the intestinal contents of the insects. The pieces were ground at different intervals after contamination (time = 0, 1, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours) and the juice extracted and analyzed. Different methods were used to show T. cruzi in the juice: direct analysis, hematocrit tube centrifugation and QBC, and experimental inoculation in 47 female BALB/c mice (five control mice and seven mice for each interval examined (five inoculated orally and two intraperitoneally). Positive results were found using the direct analysis and QBC methods for juice prepared up to 12 hours after initial contamination. However, by the centrifugation technique, positivity was found only up to four hours after contamination of the sugar cane. Inoculated animals showed parasitemia during a 14 day observation period, demonstrating the high survival rate of T. cruzi in sugar cane.
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Millhollon, Rex W., and Hideo Koike. "Combined Effect of Disease and Herbicide Treatment on Yield of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)." Weed Science 34, no. 1 (January 1986): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500026606.
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Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarumL.) was planted in the fall; the seed cane was healthy or infected either with sugarcane mosaic virus (strain H) or with ratoon stunting disease (RSD) (Clavibacter xyli). Herbicide treatments were applied the following spring and each subsequent spring during the 3-yr crop cycle. Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] at 1.1 kg ai/ha was applied as a soil foliage treatment when sugarcane was about 30 cm tall. The methyl ester of diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} at 1.1 kg ai/ha and the sodium salt of asulam {methyl [(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl] carbamate} at 3.4 or 3.8 kg ai/ha were applied as foliage treatments when sugarcane was about 90 cm tall. Both mosaic and RSD reduced yield of sugar/ha by 16% for the 3-yr crop, primarily by causing a decrease in stalk population. Hexazinone reduced yield of sugar/ha by 24% primarily by causing a decrease in both stalk population and sugar content of stalks. Diclofop reduced yield by 7% and asulam caused no significant yield loss. Combinations of disease and herbicide treatment reduced yields in an additive manner, with the combination of hexazinone and either mosaic or RSD causing a 38% reduction.
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Rukavtsova, Elena B., Valeriya V. Alekseeva, Sergey V. Tarlachkov, Natalia S. Zakharchenko, Alexander A. Ermoshin, Svetlana A. Zimnitskaya, Alexey K. Surin, et al. "Expression of a Stilbene Synthase Gene from the Vitis labrusca x Vitis vinifera L. Hybrid Increases the Resistance of Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. Plants to Erwinia carotovora." Plants 11, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11060770.
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‘Isabel’ grape (Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera L. hybrid) is one of the main grape cultivars in Russia and some other countries for processing, due to its vigor, tolerance to the main fungal diseases, high yield and potential for sugar accumulation. The stilbene synthase gene VlvSTS was isolated from the hybrid grape cv. Isabel and cloned into a pSS plant transformation vector under the control of a constitutive 35S RNA double promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV 35SS. VlvSTS-gene containing transgenic tobacco lines were obtained and analyzed. For the first time plants expressing the VlvSTS gene were shown to have an enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora B15. Transgenic plants were tested for resistance to a number of fungal pathogens. The plants were resistant to the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea, but not to the fungi Fusarium oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, or F. culmorum. According to the results of a high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the amount of trans-resveratrol in leaves of transgenic plants with the highest expression of the VlvSTS gene was in a range from 150 to 170 μg/g of raw biomass. Change in the color and a decreased anthocyanin content in the flower corollas of transgenic plants were observed in transgenic lines with the highest expression of VlvSTS. A decrease in total flavonoid content was found in the flower petals but not the leaves of these tobacco lines. High expression of the VlvSTS gene influenced pollen development and seed productivity in transgenic plants. The size of pollen grains increased, while their total number per anther decreased. A decrease in the number of fertile pollen grains resulted in a decreased average weight of a seed boll in transgenic plants.
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Carbonari, Caio A., Ana Karollyna Alves de Matos, Ivana Paula Ferraz Santos de Brito, Edivaldo D. Velini, and Franck E. Dayan. "Impact of Green Cane Harvesting on Pest Management in Sugarcane." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v30_apr_04.
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Green cane harvesting is a new agricultural practice that provides many benefits to sugar cane production in Brazil by allowing cane straw to remain on the soil surface. However, this system has complicated the management of weeds, pests and diseases. This review will highlight the impact of green cane harvesting on the management of weeds, insect pests, and pathogens in sugar cane production, and cover novel techniques and practices used to manage pests in this production system. Brazil has a unique agroecosystem that includes tropical and subtropical climates and distinct technical challenges relative to other agricultural regions around the world. Sugarcane stands out as an economically important crop in Brazilian agriculture, both in terms of its planting area and the complexity of the production system (e.g., constant changes in planting, cultural practices, and harvest managements). Brazilian sugarcane production in the 2018/2019 season was 620.44 million tons produced over more than 8.5 million hectares distributed mainly in the states of São Paulo, Goiás, and Minas Gerais. Currently, 38% of this production is intended to produce sugar and 62% to ethanol, generating 29.04 million tons of sugar and 33.14 billion liters of ethanol, making Brazil the largest sugar and ethanol producing country in the world. The sugarcane agroindustry continues to expand in Brazil, showing a great capacity to aggregate value to byproducts of ethanol and sugar, such as vinasse (fertilizer), filter cake (fertilizer and soil conditioner), bagasse (raw-material for industries; animal feed; and electrical energy generation), and plant straws (electrical energy generation). The adoption of mechanized harvests without burning has allowed accumulation of sugarcane straw residues over the cropping area (green cane harvesting). Approximately 84% of the sugarcane production area in Brazil follows green cane harvesting practices. This harvesting system has made the management of weeds, pests and diseases even more complex in sugarcane fields than before. Green cane harvesting has made pest and weed management (mainly) more complex. The presence of residues on the soil directly affects the action of pre-emergent herbicides that are most commonly used in sugarcane and increases the incidence of some important pests such as S. levis and M. fimbriolata. Integration of management programs for weeds, pests, and diseases generates economic benefits and control efficacy (broad spectrum action), maximizing their individual efficacy level, reducing the dependence on only one of them and the risk of selection of resistant pest populations. Monitoring, planning, and evaluation of the history of the sugarcane fields are essentials and assist in decision making regarding the method and time of control to be used. The efficiency of this system assists in the maintenance of high yields, health, and longevity for sugarcane fields.
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Xu, Hui-Mei, Er-Qi He, Zu-Li Yang, Zheng-Wang Bi, Wen-Qing Bao, Sheng-Ren Sun, Jia-Ju Lu, and San-Ji Gao. "Phylogeny and Genetic Divergence among Sorghum Mosaic Virus Isolates Infecting Sugarcane." Plants 12, no. 21 (November 2, 2023): 3759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12213759.
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Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV, the genus Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae) is a causal agent of common mosaic in sugarcane and poses a threat to the global sugar industry. In this study, a total of 901 sugarcane leaf samples with mosaic symptom were collected from eight provinces in China and were detected via RT-PCR using a primer pair specific to the SrMV coat protein (CP). These leaf samples included 839 samples from modern cultivars (Saccharum spp. hybrids) and 62 samples from chewing cane (S. officinarum). Among these, 632 out of 901 (70.1%) samples were tested positive for SrMV. The incidences of SrMV infection were 72.3% and 40.3% in modern cultivars and chewing cane, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all tested SrMV isolates were clustered into three clades consisting of six phylogenetic groups based on 306 CP sequences (this study = 265 and GenBank database = 41). A total of 10 SrMV isolates from South America (the United States and Argentina) along with 106 isolates from China were clustered in group D, while the remaining 190 SrMV isolates from Asia (China and Vietnam) were dispersed in five groups. The SrMV isolates in group F were limited to Yunnan province in China, and those in group A were spread over eight provinces. A significant genetic heterogeneity was elucidated in the nucleotide sequence identities of all SrMV CPs, ranging from 69.0% to 100%. A potential recombination event was postulated among SrMV isolates based on CP sequences. All tested SrMV CPs underwent dominant negative selection. Geographical isolation (South America vs. Asia) and host types (modern cultivars vs. chewing cane) are important factors promoting the genetic differentiation of SrMV populations. Overall, this study contributes to the global understanding of the genetic evolution of SrMV and provides a valuable resource for the epidemiology and management of the mosaic in sugarcane.
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Venhoff, Nils, Michael Zilly, Dirk Lebrecht, Diana Schirmer, Hartwig Klinker, Jan Thoden, Peter Langmann, and Ulrich A. Walker. "Uridine pharmacokinetics of mitocnol, a sugar cane extract." AIDS 19, no. 7 (April 2005): 739–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000166101.44262.52.
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PÉNÉ, Crépin B., and Y. M. BÉHOU. "Evaluation of Cane Genotypes Under Sprinkler Irrigation at Early Selection Stage for Tolerance to Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus (SCSMV) at Ferké Sugar Estates in Ivory Coast." Agricultural Science 2, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): p115. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p115.
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Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) became the major endemic disease of economic importance in Ivorian sugar estates almost two years ago, which spreads very fast across plantations and varieties. The study aimed to determine resistant sugarcane genotypes against SCSMV in Ferké sugar estates. It involved five experiments conducted at first selection stage under sprinkler irrigation, following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 20 to 30 different genotypes, two check varieties included, all in 4 replicates. Experiments were planted in October or December 2018, and expected to be harvested in November/December 2019 and 2020 as plant cane and first ratoon, respectively. Disease incidence and severity across all experiments were determined at 3 to 4 months, i.e. at early formative growth stage where symptoms due to SCSMV could be easily observed and recognized in the field. In each of the five selection trials conducted on both Ferké 1 & 2 sugar estates, highly significant differences in disease incidence and severity were observed between genotypes as well as crop cycles (plant cane and first ratoon). Except for one trial (B3-24 in Ferké 1), Genotype x crop cycle interactions were significant or highly significant, which showed that the majority of genotypes tested behaved differently from plant cane to first ratoon towards the disease. Particularly, the percentage of resistant genotypes decreased from 50 to 3.4% whereas that of highly susceptible ones increased from 4.2 to 92.4%. This shows the level of challenge to be tackled in the control of SCSM disease through sugarcane breeding and selection. At the end of the current selection stage under way, i.e. after harvest of first ratoon, only the best yielding genotypes among the resistant ones will undergo the advanced selection stage.
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Ahtesh, Fatah B., Lily Stojanovska, Jack Feehan, Maximilian PJ de Courten, Matthew Flavel, Barry Kitchen, and Vasso Apostolopoulos. "Polyphenol Rich Sugar Cane Extract Inhibits Bacterial Growth." PRILOZI 41, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2020-0045.
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AbstractPlants that are primarily used as a food source commonly have undervalued biological properties beyond the basic supply of nutrients. One important example of this are the antimicrobial properties of plants. Inclusion of natural and food grade antimicrobial ingredients in recipes to prevent food spoilage and disease transmission, or in cosmetic products to prevent transient and pathogenic bacteria would have world-wide public health implications. A patented natural polyphenol rich sugar cane extract (PRSE), is marketed as a high anti-oxidant and polyphenol ingredient, but its anti-microbial activity has not been reported previously. We determined the anti-bacterial properties of PRSE on common human pathogens relating to a range of diseases including food poisoning, tooth decay, acne and severe skin infections using disc/well diffusion experiments. Our findings indicate that PRSE is an efficient antimicrobial, which could be included at differing dosages to target a range of food borne and environmental pathogens.
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Magarey, R. C., and J. I. Bull. "Relating cultivar Pachymetra root rot resistance to sugarcane yield using breeding selection trial analyses." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 6 (2003): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02144.
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Plant breeders conduct a range of yield trials each year to estimate the yielding potential of sugarcane clones progressing through the breeding program. Only the highest-yielding clones are selected for further testing with very small numbers being released as commercial cultivars. Disease susceptibility varies greatly amongst the tested clones and a number of diseases influence the yield of clones in various stages of the selection process. Disease resistance testing is an important routine aspect of the breeding program. All clones for northern Queensland are screened for disease resistance, while selected clones from other areas are tested for resistance to Pachymetra root rot. Two new terms are introduced: resistance index (RI) and the yield loss resistance index (YLRI). Analyses were conducted relating yielding ability of clones in stage 3 trials to Pachymetra resistance. Pachymetra root rot on average reduced tonnes cane per hectare by 15.8% and tonnes sugar per hectare by 10.2%. There was a slight positive effect on commercial cane sugar. YLRI5 for tonnes cane was 3.5 and for tonnes sugar 5.7. With a RI of 3.7, the current breeding strategy for northern Queensland appears appropriate. The data reported here will be valuable for refining selection strategies to improve breeding efficiencies. These analyses could be undertaken each year using data from all breeding trials throughout Queensland, not only with Pachymetra root rot, but also with other diseases normally endemic in cane fields. The advantage of this technique is that with a minimum of further expenditure, ongoing estimates of disease-induced yield losses can be obtained with the information guiding the selection program.
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Naaz, Zafiar Tasmeen, Nalini Prasad, and Danian Singh. "Field Assessment and Identification of Sugar-cane Weevil Borer, Rhabdoscelus Obscurus (coleoptera: Curulionidae), in Fiji." Outlooks on Pest Management 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v34_feb_02.
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Sugarcane is one of the most important crops grown in Fiji contributing much to the country's socioeconomic success. It was brought to Fiji by the early voyages during the European colonization. The sugar industry in Fiji not only provides revenue but is also a source of income for most people in the Western division of the country. Sugarcane is attacked by a wide range of insects and diseases resulting in significant damage in all stages and parts of the crop. One of the major pest of sugarcane is the cane weevil borer, Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Coleoptera: Curulionidae). The larva of this beetle causes most of the economic damage by infesting the soft tissues within the internodes of the cane stalk which results in physiological changes thus decreasing sugar content and quality. This loss in biomass and sugar content necessitates the need for control and subsequent eradication of the pest. This review reports the method of identifying cane weevil borer (CWB) in sugarcane in Fiji. Visible scars, cracks and tunnels are evidence of the presence of CWB and sugarcane borer damage is estimated by determining the percentage loss in weight and height caused during the annual harvesting survey. Monitoring and accurate identification of the pest is important for effective control.
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Staśkiewicz, Wiktoria, Magdalena Wyleżoł, Agnieszka Bielaszka, Agata Kiciak, and Marek Kardas. "Possibility of using sweeteners in the prevention of obesity development." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 11 (October 24, 2022): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.11.016.
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Background. The problem of the 21st century both in Poland and around the world is overweight and obesity, and diabetes. Due to the increased incidence of these diseases, the consumption of intense sweeteners, which are used as substitutes for sucrose, has increased. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sweet taste intensity of selected sweeteners in comparison with the benchmark - beet sugar. Methods. The material for the study consisted of four sweeteners: sugar, xylitol, stevia, and cane sugar. The substances were subjected to dilution in an infusion of black tea. This tea was then divided into 4 portions and each portion was sweetened with a different sweetener at a rate of 20g per 1l of infusion. The samples were coded with 3-digit codes, and the paired method was used for sensory evaluation. A total of 78 people participated in the study. Results. Differences in the intensity of sweet taste between beet sugar and the substitutes used were confirmed. Cane sugar and xylitol were characterized by a lower intensity of sweet taste, but these substitutes were preferred compared to beet sugar. Stevia is characterized by greater sweetness than beet sugar, while survey respondents strongly preferred beet sugar. Conclusions. Consumers, participating in the survey, prefer products with a less intensely sweet taste. Learning about consumers' preferences for sweet taste will allow the use of appropriately preferred substances in the production of food and dishes. This will have a positive effect on the sugar content of the daily ration and its overall consumption.
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Magarey, R. C., J. I. Bull, W. A. Neilsen, J. R. Camilleri, and A. J. Magnanini. "Relating cultivar resistance to sugarcane yield using breeding selection trial analyses; orange rust and yellow spot." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 10 (2004): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02208.
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Plant breeders in the Australian sugar industry conduct yield assessment trials each year to assess the yielding ability of clones in the sugarcane breeding programme. Several endemic diseases impinge on the yield of these clones and the tested clones vary greatly in disease susceptibility. In this study, resistance to the diseases orange rust and yellow spot was assessed in final stage trials in the Northern Queensland programme. Clonal yielding ability was related to disease resistance. The results indicate that both diseases, but particularly yellow spot, influenced the yield (tonnes cane/ha and tonnes sugar/ha) of clones in northern breeding trials in 2000. Yield loss estimates were calculated, as well as the relationship between resistance and yield. There was a high level of resistance to orange rust in clones in these trials but much less resistance to yellow spot; the resistance index or orange rust was 2.2 while for yellow spot it was 5.5. Yield loss resistance index values of 5.0 and above for orange rust suggest there is adequate resistance in clones to minimise losses from this disease. In contrast, the yield loss resistance index for yellow spot (tonnes cane/ha) was below 5.0, therefore, it is concluded that during the 2000 harvest season, there was inadequate resistance to minimise losses. The information gathered from this research will be used to determine the level of leaf disease resistance needed in commercial cultivars to optimise yielding ability. Such decisions should improve the efficiency of selection and the performance of commercial cultivars in the Australian sugar industry.
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Sari, Heni Erlita, Mahfut Mahfut, and Alhuda Niftakul Ahyar. "POTENSI DAN ANALISA BIAYA PENYEDIAAN BIBIT TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.) UNGGUL SECARA IN VITRO DI PT. GUNUNG MADU PLANTATIONS." Jurnal Biolokus 5, no. 1 (July 3, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/biolokus.v5i1.1313.
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<p><em>Sugarcane productivity included cane yield and sugar extracted rate (rendemen) fluctuated annually. The main causes of low sugarcane productivity is quality of planting material with no high sugar extracted rate (sugar rendemen) potential, resistance to pests and diseases, stability production, tolerance to climate changed and early age of harvest. For increasing of the yield productivity and producing a superior sugarcane planting material with competitiveness cost, the vegetative propagation through in vitro culture technique via shoot tip culture was carried out. The objective of this research is to produce a superior sugarcane planting in vitro and analyze the costs required. The research was carried out at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, PT. Gunung Madu Plantations (GMP) in March-May 2021. The research stages started from the preparation of explant source plants, sterilization of explants and tools, manufacture of stock solutions and planting media, subculture, and analysis of the costs needed to provide superior sugarcane seeds. The results showed that the basal swelling of explants, increasing the number of shoots, root elongation, and the method of providing superior sugarcane seeds from apical shoot explants in vitro were relatively more competitive with the price of plantlets per culture tube contained 10 clones costly were Rp. 20,328, compared with conventional propagation methods. with the price of sugar cane seedlings material were Rp 1,603/stem.</em></p>
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Hidayati, Weny Nailul, Retnosari Apriasti, Hardian Susilo Addy, and Bambang Sugiharto. "Distinguishing resistances of transgenic sugarcane generated from RNA interference and pathogen‐derived resistance approaches to combating sugarcane mosaic virus." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 26, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.65256.
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Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a causative agent that reduces growth and productivity in sugarcane. Pathogen‐derived resistance (PDR) and RNA interference (RNAi) are the most common approaches to generating resis‐ tance against plant viruses. Two types of transgenic sugarcane have been obtained by PDR and RNAi methods using a gene‐encoding coat protein (CP) of SCMV (SCMVCp). This research aimed to distinguish resistance of the two transgenic sugarcanes in combating SCMV through artificial viral inoculation. The experiment was conducted using transgenic sugar‐ cane lines validated by PCR analysis. Insertion of gene‐encoding CP in the transgenic lines was confirmed by amplification of 702 bp of DNA fragment of SCMVCp. After viral inoculation, mosaic symptoms appeared earlier, at 21 days post inoculation (dpi) in PDR transgenic lines, but was at 26 dpi in RNAi transgenic lines. Symptom observation showed that 77.8% and 50% of the inoculated plants developed mosaic symptoms in PDR and RNAi transgenic lines, respectively. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that the nuclear inclusion protein b (Nib) gene of SCMV was amplified in the symptomatic leaves in plants classified as susceptible lines. Immunoblot analysis confirmed presence of viral CP with a molecular size of 37 kDa in the susceptible lines. Collectively, these results indicated that the RNAi approach targeting the gene for CP effectively produces more resistance against the SCMV infection in transgenic sugarcane compared to the PDR approach.
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Cheng, Yu-Qin, Zhong-Mei Liu, Jian Xu, Tao Zhou, Meng Wang, Yu-Ting Chen, Huai-Fang Li, and Zai-Feng Fan. "HC-Pro protein of sugar cane mosaic virus interacts specifically with maize ferredoxin-5 in vitro and in planta." Journal of General Virology 89, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 2046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.2008/001271-0.
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Symptom development of a plant viral disease is a result of molecular interactions between the virus and its host plant; thus, the elucidation of specific interactions is a prerequisite to reveal the mechanism of viral pathogenesis. Here, we show that the chloroplast precursor of ferredoxin-5 (Fd V) from maize (Zea mays) interacts with the multifunctional HC-Pro protein of sugar cane mosaic virus (SCMV) in yeast, Nicotiana benthamiana cells and maize protoplasts. Our results demonstrate that the transit peptide rather than the mature protein of Fd V precursor could interact with both N-terminal (residues 1–100) and C-terminal (residues 301–460) fragments, but not the middle part (residues 101–300), of HC-Pro. In addition, SCMV HC-Pro interacted only with Fd V, and not with the other two photosynthetic ferredoxin isoproteins (Fd I and Fd II) from maize plants. SCMV infection significantly downregulated the level of Fd V mRNA in maize plants; however, no obvious changes were observed in levels of Fd I and Fd II mRNA. These results suggest that SCMV HC-Pro interacts specifically with maize Fd V and that this interaction may disturb the post-translational import of Fd V into maize bundle-sheath cell chloroplasts, which could lead to the perturbation of chloroplast structure and function.
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Anshar, Muhammad, and Zulkifli Zulkifli. "Strategi Pengembangan Perdesaan Berbasis Tanaman Industri di Kabupaten Takalar, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 3, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2019.3.2.95-104.
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This study aims to determine the level of development and strategies for rural development based on industrial plants. This study uses primary and secondary data in the form of village potential data, supporting facilities, population numbers, accessibility, service facilities, institutions, disasters, and infectious diseases. Rural development based on industrial plants in Takalar District is spread in most rural areas. Industry with leading commodity of sugar cane is expected to be the spearhead of village development. However, based on BPS data, there was a decrease in sugar cane productivity during 2012–2016. The result of the analysis shows that the level of rural development based on industrial plants in North Polombangkeng district was higher than that South Polombangkeng district. It can be seen from the result of the scoring analysis which shows that two villages namely Palleko village and Massamaturu village, each weights 75 and 74, are located in North Polombangkeng district. This study recommends that in balancing the level of village development based on sugarcane plants, the local government and private sector should improve infrastructure and human resources as a whole.
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Simanjuntak, Dewi Novika, and Fristi Riandari. "Application Of Dempster Shafer Method To Diagnose Disease In Sugarcane Plant." Journal of Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/idss.v4i4.36.
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Sugarcane is a very important and agrarian plantation product in Indonesia, because sugar cane is a producer of sugar. However, in its cultivation, several problems often occur, such as diseases in sugarcane plants where when sugarcane plants are attacked by disease and are not handled, farmers will experience crop failure. Based on this, a tool is needed in the form of an expert system to diagnose diseases in sugarcane plants. The method used in this study is the Dempster Shafer method which processes data by providing evidence based on the belief funcation and plausible value of each symptom. This study treats 4 types of disease with 13 symptoms. The results showed that the dempster shafer method can be used as a tool in diagnosing sugarcane plant diseases so that it is expected to help farmers in handling diseases that attack sugarcane plants quickly and precisely and can increase profits from sugarcane harvests for farmers.
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Purbowati, I. S. M., Karseno Karseno, and A. Maksum. "Acidity level control formulation of roselle tea functional drinks based on variations in the addition of flower petals and sugar type." Food Research 4, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(3).343.
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Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) tea was a phenolic acid and anthocyanin enriched-functional drink. The high antioxidant content of roselle tea benefits to prevent degenerative diseases, such as diabetes. The acidity flavor was due to the high content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. This led to the addition of low glycemic index sugar. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the formulation between the variation of flower petals and sugar type’s addition. The purpose of this study was to find out the best effect of petal flowers and sugar type addition towards physical, chemical and sensory quality of roselle tea. The research design used in this study was Complete Randomized trial with 2 (two) factors and 3 replications. The first factor comprises between flower petals addition (R) towards water (w/v) of 1:100 (R1), 4:100 (R2), 7:100 (R3), and 10:100 (R4). The second factor was sugar type (G): cane sugar (G1) which comprises coconut sugar (G2) and corn sugar (G3). Observed variables in this study were physical and chemical variables (color, total phenol, anthocyanin and pH level), and sensory variable (acidity and favorable level). The best combination was R4G1 with characteristics of anthocyanins of 5.25 mg/100 mL; phenol of 24.35 mg/100 mL; pH of 2.6; L amounted to 24.70
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Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.55.35.
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The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 3, 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-jh3zmh.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
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Seroka, Ntalane S., Raymond Taziwa, and Lindiwe Khotseng. "Green Synthesis of Crystalline Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash: Physico-Chemical Properties." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (June 25, 2022): 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132184.
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Sugarcane bagasse South Africa is an agricultural waste that poses many environmental and human health problems. Sugarcane bagasse dumps attract many insects that harm the health of the population and cause many diseases. Sugarcane ash is a naturally renewable source of silica. This study presents for the first time the extraction of nanosilica from sugar cane bagasse ash using L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate acid and Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide. The structural, morphological, and chemical properties of the extracted silica nanoparticles was cross examined using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA. SEM analysis presents agglomerates of irregular sizes. It is possible to observe the structure of nanosilica formed by the presence of agglomerates of irregular shapes, as well as the presence of some spherical particles distributed in the structure. XRD analysis has revealed 2θ angles at 20, 26, 36, 39, 50, and 59 which shows that each peak on the xrd pattern is indicative of certain crystalline cubic phases of nanosilica, similar to results reported in the literature by Jagadesh et al. in 2015. The crystallite size estimated by the Scherrer equation based on the aforementioned peaks for ca-silica and L-cys-silica for the extracted particles had an average diameter of 26 nm and 29 nm, respectively. Furthermore, it showed a specific surface area of 21.6511 m2/g and 116.005 m2/g for ca-silica and L-cys silica, respectively. The Infrared (IR) spectra showed peaks at 461.231 cm−1, 787.381 cm−1 and 1045.99 cm−1 which corresponds to the Si~O~Si bending vibration, the Si~O~Si stretch vibration, and the Si~O~Si stretching vibration, respectively. This confirms the successful extraction of nanosilica from sugar cane bagasse ash. TGA analysis has revealed that the as received sugarcane bagasse has high loss on ignition (LOI) of 18%, corresponding to the presence of the unburnt or partial burnt particles, similar to results reported by Yadav et al. This study has shown that sugar cane bagasse ash is a natural resource of silica which should be harnessed for industrial purposes in south Africa.
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Watrelot, Aude A., and James Hollis. "Quality Characteristics of Piquette: A Potential Use of Grape Pomace." Beverages 10, no. 3 (July 26, 2024): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages10030064.
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Grape pomace is a common waste product that can be used as compost, as animal feed or discarded. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality and consumers’ perception of a value-added grape pomace beverage, piquette, made using different red grape cultivars, yeast strains and grape pomace to water ratios. Petite Pearl and Marquette grape pomace were soaked using different pomace to water ratios in water for 2 days, prior to being pressed. Cane sugar was added to the juices prior to inoculation with three yeast strains (Cross Evolution, ICV D254, and Exotics Mosaic). The piquettes were bottled before chemical analysis and sensory evaluation by an untrained sensory panel following 8 months of storage. Piquettes made from Petite Pearl grape pomace, regardless of yeast strain, were preferred by consumers. Petite Pearl piquettes were fruity and pink, especially using D254 yeast. Piquettes made from different ratios of Petite Pearl pomace to water on a larger scale lacked nutrients at the beginning of fermentation, which led to “rotten-egg” aromas and were the least accepted by consumers.
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Nisargandha, Milind Abhimanyu, Shweta Dadarao Parwe, Vaishali Vasant Kuchewar, and Chhaya Anil Saraf. "Effect of Yogasana and Pranayama on cardiopulmonary functions on sawmill, sugar cane and bidi workers in the rural sector." F1000Research 12 (December 29, 2023): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.136645.1.
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Background The rural sector is an essential component of the country’s economy, and the economy is based on the large number of workers involved in various activities such as agriculture, forestry, and small and large-scale industries. People work in different industries like sawmills, sugarcane and Bidi factories for their livelihoods. These workers, among other factory workers, are frequently exposed to hazardous working conditions that can have a negative impact on their health. These workers are at high risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases due to prolonged exposure to dust, smoke and other harmful substances. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of yoga and pranayama on cardiopulmonary function in the sawmill, sugar cane and Bidi workers in the rural sectors. Methods 348 workers will be randomly assigned to the Yogasana and Pranayama group or the control group. The intervention of the Yogasana and Pranayama group will be planned for a 20-week program, while the control group will be continuing their as-usual activities. Cardiopulmonary function will be assessed for baseline parameters, and after the intervention has been completed similar parameters will be recorded. Conclusions It could be concluded that the Yogasana and Pranayama may be effective for improving the cardiopulmonary function in sawmill, sugar cane, and Bidi workers in rural sectors. Registration CTRI/2023/07/055733.
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Paçal, İshak, and İsmail Kunduracıoğlu. "Data-Efficient Vision Transformer Models for Robust Classification of Sugarcane." Journal of Soft Computing and Decision Analytics 2, no. 1 (June 23, 2024): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/jscda21202446.
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Sugar cane is an important agricultural product that provides 75% of the world's sugar production. As with all plant species, any disease affecting sugarcane can significantly impact yields and planning. Diagnosing diseases in sugarcane leaves using traditional methods is slow, inefficient, and often lacking in accuracy. This study presents a deep learning-based approach for accurate diagnosis of diseases in sugarcane leaves. Specifically, training and evaluation were conducted on the publicly available Sugarcane Leaf Dataset using leading ViT (Vision Transformer) architectures such as DeiT3-Small and DeiT-Tiny. This dataset includes 11 different disease classes and a total of 6748 images. Additionally, these models were compared with popular CNN models. The findings of the study show that there is no direct relationship between model complexity, depth, and accuracy for the 11-class sugarcane dataset. Among the 12 models tested, the DeiT3-Small model showed the highest performance with 93.79% accuracy, 91.27% precision, and 90.96% F1-score. These results highlight that rapid, accurate, and automatic disease diagnosis systems developed using deep learning techniques can significantly improve sugarcane disease management and contribute to increased yields.
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Zidan, Dina, and Azrina Azlan. "Non-Centrifugal Sugar (NCS) and Health: A Review on Functional Components and Health Benefits." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010460.
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Non-centrifugal sugar (NCS) is the scientific term the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) uses to define a solid product, produced by sugarcane juice evaporation, which is unrefined or minimally refined. NCS is referred to in various names globally, the most significant ones are whole cane sugar, panela (Latin America), jaggery (India) and kokuto (Japan). NCS contains minerals, bioactive compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids, which have therapeutic potentials from time immemorial. Even though the bioactive property is dependent on the composition, which relies mainly on the agronomic conditions and production process, NCS possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, substituting the consumption of refined sugar with NCS might be helpful in the control of chronic diseases generally connected to oxidative stress and inflammation. Experimental facts from in vitro and in vivo models have proven that NCS plays an essential role in weight management, maintaining insulin sensitivity and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. NCS has also shown hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. This review aims to synopsize the recent literature pertaining to the benefits of NCS in human health. The NCS can be considered a nutraceutical and functional food. However, detailed and regulated studies are important to enhance the beneficial effects in human and animal interventions.
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Aca, Ivanize da Silva, Seiki Kobayashi, Luiz Bezerra Carvalho Jr., Seiki Tateno, and Tsutomu Takeuchi. "Prevalence and pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica in three different regions of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 36, no. 6 (December 1994): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651994000600008.
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Parasitological examinations were carried out on 663 individuals of three different cities of Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil: Recife, Palmares and Bodocó. The population from a drought area of Pernambuco State, Bodocó, was investigated for amoebiasis and compared with Recife, metropolitan city (about 1.3 million of inhabitants) and another inland community, Palmares, located inside of the sugar-cane plantation region of the State. No evidence of invasive strains of E. histolytica were found in these inhabitants, provided that the isolated zymodemes I, III, IV, VIII, IX, X, XVII and XVIII are recognized as nonpathogenic strains of E. histolytica. Furthermore, the prevalence of intestinal helminths and other protozoan infections showed that these individuals are infected by other agents responsible for diarrhoeal diseases.
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Bassey, M. S., E. A. Shittu, Z. M. Lawan, and J. N. Eze. "EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE HYBRID CLONES ON WEED DYNAMICS, SUGAR QUALITY AND PLANT CROP PRODUCTIVITY AT BADEGGI, NIGERIA." BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 2 (August 21, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35849/bjare202302/94/001.
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Plant breeding programme develop varieties primarily to increase yield and resistance to diseases/insects with little emphasis on weeds dynamics. This study was conducted to evaluate sugarcane hybrid clones for weed dynamics, sugar quality and plant crop productivity at the Upland Sugarcane Experimental Field of National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, Nigeria. A total of sixteen clones were planted on a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the clones for some traits. Our results show that P. scrobiculatum (Linn.), S. pumila (Poir.), P. leucanthus (Schum & Thonn), B. diffusa (L), H. suaveolens (Poit), C. esculentus (Linn.) and K. squamulata (Thorn.ex Vahl) were the major weed problems of sugarcane at Badeggi. Lower weed dry matter (0.18 g m-2), and taller plants (194.07 cm), higher cane yield (136.8 t ha-1) and Sugar yield (12.93 t ha-1) were found in BD -1098-003 m among the studied hybrids. BD 1098-005 m, BD 441-007 m and B 47419 possess higher fibre, these materials can be utilized for energy cane variety. Brix percent also varied among the clones with increase in crop age, which can be used as indicator for maturity. The results revealed that some weed species types and their duration of infestation are among the numerous factors responsible for the reduction in growth and yield attributes of sugarcane crop. The promising hybrids will be advance for more evaluation at different locations for yield and juice quality stability studies.
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Изтаев, Ауелбек, Еркин Сагитович Языкбаев, Мадина Асатуллаевна Якияева, and Сакен Коптилеуович Курбаниязов. "Sorgy syrup is an alternative to sugar in food production." Food processing industry, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2022.4.4.002.
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В статье рассматривается использование экологически чистого сахаросодержащего продукта - соргового сиропа в пищевой промышленности взамен сахара-песка, содержащего вредные химические вещества. Например, в Европе российский сахар (а значит и казахстанский) не признается пищевым продуктом, так как кроме цветности он еще содержит техногенные примеси в виде формалина, извести, серы, вызывающие различные заболевания. Сорговый сок, полученный механическим отжимом стеблей на вальцевых установках, перерабатывается в сорговый сироп, который по питательности не уступает тростниковому и свекловичному сахару, легче усваивается организмом человека, не содержит посторонних примесей и является экологически чистым продуктом. Производителями соргового сиропа являются многие страны, в том числе Венгрия, Китай, а в США годовой объем превышает 10 млн литров. В этих странах сорговый сироп используется как самостоятельный продукт или как заменитель традиционного сахара при производстве продуктов питания. Чистое сорго, иногда называемое сиропом сорго, производится из натурального сока, полученного из растения, называемого тростниковым сорго. Этот сок концентрируют путем выпаривания в открытой кастрюле, очищают от примесей, получая мягкий ароматный сироп. Сироп сорго изготавливают из зеленого сока растения сорго, который извлекают из измельченных стеблей, а затем нагревают для испарения лишней воды, оставляя сироп. Сорговый сироп получают из тростника, собирая его листья и измельчая или растирая их. Как показали результаты исследований, оптимальное количество соргового сиропа при производстве пшеничного хлеба - 8 % к массе муки в тесте взамен 1 % сахара; оптимальное количество соргового сиропа при производстве сахарного печенья - 50 % соргового сиропа к массе сахарной пудры. Таким образом, при замене сахара сорговым сиропом в процессе производства пищевых продуктов, во-первых, снижается импорт сахара за счет замены его отечественным сорговым сиропом в пищевой промышленности, во-вторых, за счет использования экологически чистого продукта исключается вредное воздействие сахаросодержащего продукта на организм человека. The article discusses the use of an environmentally friendly sugar-containing product - sorghum syrup in the food industry instead of granulated sugar, which contains harmful chemicals. For example, in Europe, Russian sugar (and hence Kazakhstani) is not recognized as a food product, since, in addition to color, it also contains technogenic impurities in the form of formalin, lime, and sulfur, which cause various diseases. Sorghum juice, obtained by mechanical squeezing of the stems on roller plants, is processed into sorghum syrup, which is not inferior to cane and beet sugar in terms of nutritional value, is easier to digest by the human body, does not contain impurities and is an environmentally friendly product. Sorghum syrup is produced in many countries, including Hungary, China, and in the USA the annual volume exceeds 10 million liters. In these countries, sorghum syrup is used as a standalone product or as a substitute for traditional sugar in food production. Pure sorghum, sometimes called sorghum syrup, is made from natural juice obtained from a plant called cane sorghum. This juice is concentrated by evaporation in an open pan, purified from impurities, obtaining a soft fragrant syrup. Sorghum syrup is made from the green sap of the sorghum plant, which is extracted from the crushed stems and then heated to evaporate excess water, leaving the syrup. Sugarcane is obtained from the cane by collecting its leaves and crushing or rubbing the juice. As the research results showed, the optimal amount of sorghum syrup in the production of wheat bread is 8% by weight of flour in the dough instead of 1% sugar; the optimal amount of sorghum syrup in the production of sugar cookies is 50% sorghum syrup to the mass of powdered sugar. Thus, when replacing sugar with sorghum syrup in the process of food production, firstly, the import of sugar is reduced by replacing it with domestic sorghum syrup in the food industry, and secondly, due to the use of an environmentally friendly product, the harmful effects of a sugar-containing product on the human body are eliminated.
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Peruchi Trevisan, Diego, Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, Yaqing Gou, Bianca Fogaça de Souza, Veraldo Liesenberg, Angela Harris, Heiko Balzter, and Luiz Eduardo Moschini. "Analysis of a Landscape Intensely Modified by Agriculture in the Tietê–Jacaré Watershed, Brazil." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 9304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169304.
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Anthropogenic actions influence landscapes, and the resulting mosaic is a mix of natural and anthropogenic elements that vary in size, shape, and pattern. Considering this, our study aimed to analyse the land use and land cover changes in the Tietê–Jacaré watershed (São Paulo state, Brazil), using the random forest (RF) algorithm and Sentinel-2 satellite data from 2016 to 2018 to detect landscape changes. By overlapping the environmental data and the proposed model evaluation, it was possible to observe the landscape structure, produce information about the state of this region, and assess the environmental responses to anthropic impacts. The land use and land cover analysis identified eight classes: exposed soil, citriculture, pasture, silviculture, sugar cane, urban area, vegetation, and water. The RF classification for the three years reached high accuracy with a kappa index of 0.87 in 2016, 0.85 in 2017, and 0.85 in 2018. The model developed was essential for the temporal analysis since it allowed us to comprehend the driving forces that act in this landscape and contribute to the discussions about their impacts over time. The results showed a predominance of agricultural activities over the three years, with approximately 900.000 ha (76% of the area), mainly covered by sugarcane cultivation.
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Hamami, Faqih, and Iqbal Ahmad Dahlan. "Classification of Tomato Disease using Convolutional Neural Network." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1038, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1038/1/012032.
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Abstract Agriculture is an important sector for national food needs. The main crops in agriculture include rice, wheat, potatoes, sugar cane. Other crops include nuts, fruit, vegetables, tubers and others. Plant diseases are one of the problems that always arise in the agricultural sector. Every food ingredient has the potential to have disease. Usually diseased plants will be given pesticides. Detection of plant diseases is very important. Especially if we know the type of disease from the plant. To find out the type of disease with the naked eye is quite difficult, especially since the form of the disease has a similar pattern. In this research, we propose to classify the tomato disease from its leaf with thousands of tomato images. There are three types of analysed diseases they are bacterial spot, early blight and yellow leaf curl. We implement convolutional neural network approach to find the best classifier model. From various experiments, it was found that the neural network architecture that was built could achieve accuracy up to 87%
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Hartemink, Alfred E., and Lastus S. Kuniata. "Some Factors Influencing Yield Trends of Sugarcane in Papua New Guinea." Outlook on Agriculture 25, no. 4 (December 1996): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500404.
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Commercial rainfed sugarcane cultivation in Papua New Guinea was begun in the early 1980s by Ramu Sugar Ltd. Over the last 15 years, annual cane yields have ranged from 28 to 88 tonnes/hectare, this wide variation being largely explained by sudden and catastrophic infestation by moth stem borers, cicadas, white grub and Ramu stunt virus. To a lesser extent yields were affected by weed competition, Changes in soil properties under continuous cultivation included decreases In pH, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, and some preliminary data suggest soil compaction. Leaf nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium also declined slightly. It is concluded that yields were largely influenced by insect pests and diseases, but that the management of soil fertility is likely to become increasingly important once those problems have been solved.
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Sharma, Primila Neopaney, Amaninder Kaur, Shaista Jabeen, Pallika sharma, Sunakshi Sharma, and Gautampreet Singh. "Bio-Insecticidal Efficacy of Aegle Marmelos Against Myzus Persicae." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, no. 3 (October 14, 2023): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i3.505.
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Myzus persicae (Green peach aphids) has wide range of distribution in different plant hosts. As a pest it causes adverse effect to crops both directly and indirectly by transmitting different viruses and also by producing honey dew. Myzus persicae transmits almost 100 different viral diseases of plants on thirty different plant families which include some major crops like, sugar cane, tobacco, paddy, citrus, sugar beet etc. Myzus persicae is cosmopolitan in distribution. This insect pest causes damage to wide range of economically important crops and their control is usually dependent upon chemicals, intensive use of which may develop resistance in them. During this experiment botanical pesticide is used as natural control measure and tested its efficacy against Green peach aphids at different concentrations. The plant used is Aegle marmelos. Plant parts such as stem and leaves were used to prepare Boiling and Soxhlet extract. Each extract of plant was individually tested against the aphids’ nymph which gave maximum mortality of about 97.7% results at the concentration of 500 ppm. The use of this botanical pesticide helps to eradicate the crop pests by an eco-friendly manner.
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Yamunarani, K., S. Sangeetha, K. Chitra, K. Dhanalakshmi, and V. Dhanushkodi. "Developing Biocontrol Strategies for the Management of Set rot Disease of Sugarcane under Wider Row Planting." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 29, no. 12 (December 30, 2023): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i121828.
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Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the economically valuable agricultural crops grown worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas mainly for their sugar source. Among the 110 sugarcane cultivated countries, India and Brazil contribute half of global production [1]. During the period of last five decades the production, productivity and sugarcane recovery has also shown remarkable resilience in productivity growth rate. One of the reasons for the low productivity and recovery is increasing incidence of insect pests and diseases. An ecologically friendly alternative to these problems is biological control using rhizobacteria and their metabolic products [2]. In order to develop a technology capsule Surveys and surveillance were conducted in sugarcane fields both in plant and ratoon crops distributed in Orthanadu and Vallam block in New Cauvery delta area of Thanjavur dictrict during three consecutive years 2019- 22 with an objective to assess the incidence of sett rot, red rot and smut in New Cauvery delta area of Thanjavur dictrict. Fortnightly fixed plot observation was taken. The Maximium and minimum temperature, RH and quantity of rain and rainy days also recorded daily and consolidated on monthly basis and weather parameters were correlated with the incidence of disease. The results revealed that the maximum incidence sett rot negatively correlated with temperature. Similarly the number of rainy days and rainfall is positively correlated (r = 0.7523) with incidence of sett rot. For managing sett rot disease of sugarcane through biological approach, studies were conducted on biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma asperellum (TNAU), Bacillus subtilis (TNAU), Chaetomium globosum (Cg6) with fungicide check propiconozole 0.1%. Among the treatment, highest millable cane (91,080/ha) and yield (91.39 tonnes / ha) and sugar yield ( 10.63 tonnes/ha) were recorded in M1- (Single bud treated with Trichoderma asperellum (TNAU)@ 4 g l-1 + soil application @ 2.5 kg ha-1) followed by M2- (Single bud treated with Bacillus subtilis (TNAU)@ 10 g l-1 + soil application @ 2.5 kg ha-1) in which, the cane yield of 88.54 tonnes/ha and sugar yield of 10.68 tonnes/ha were recorded. This study provides a technology capsule for the management of important disease of sugarcane.