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Academic literature on the topic 'Mortuary Texts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mortuary Texts"

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Stern, Karen B. "Jews, Ships, and Death: A Consideration of Nautical Images in Jewish Mortuary Contexts." IMAGES 11, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18718000-12340087.

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AbstractRecurrences of ancient ship carvings and drawings in Jewish burial caves are curious phenomena, which rarely capture the attention of scholars. Few narrative Jewish texts, which might otherwise illuminate this pattern, explicitly describe any link between ships and death. The ubiquity of nautical images in graffiti and monumental art throughout the ancient Mediterranean, moreover, obscures their particular significance in any mortuary context, whether associated with Jews or their neighbors. This article suggests that consistent appearances of ship imagery in Jewish burial contexts throughout time and across distant regions, attest to the varied iconographic and ideational significances of ships to Jews within mortuary settings. Cross-cultural similarities between acts of drawing, carving, and commissioning ship images inside and around commemorative spaces, this article argues further, document corresponding continuities between the mortuary activities and beliefs of Jews and their Egyptian, Greco-Roman, and Christian neighbors throughout the ancient Mediterranean.
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Morales, Antonio J. "Text-building and Transmission of Pyramid Texts in the Third Millennium bce: Iteration, Objectification, and Change." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 15, no. 2 (March 18, 2016): 169–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341273.

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The emergence of ancient Egyptian mortuary literature in the third millennium bce is the history of the adaptation of recitational materials to the materiality of different media. Upon a gradual development, the transformation of the oral discourse into writing began with the use of papyri for transcribing the guidelines of ritual performances as aide-mémoire, and culminated with the concealment of sacerdotal voices and deeds into the sealed-off crypt of king Wenis (ca. 2345 bce). The process of committing ritual and magical recitations into scriptio continua in the Pyramid Texts was subject to several stages of adaptation, detachability, and recentering. Investigating how the corpus emerged through the combination of recitations from different settings elucidates the transformation of oral written discourse into literary style, the traces of poetic and speech elements in the corpus, and its flexibility to disseminate and adapt to different mortuary practices, beliefs and contexts in the second millennia bce and beyond.
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Bommas, Martin. "Zur Frühentstehung der Osirisliturgien an den Beispielen der Kapellen des Osiris Ptah Neb Anch und Osiris Neb Anch in Karnak." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 149, no. 2 (October 27, 2022): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0009.

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Summary Papyrus Schmitt, dated in early Ptolemaic times, offers a clue to the earliest date of the writing of the mortuary liturgies of the Old and Middle Kingdom, which were transformed into Osiris liturgies. Mortuary liturgies were always recited from papyrus scrolls, as attested for example by the ritual Papyrus BM EA 10819 from the New Kingdom. Examples of Osiris liturgies on papyrus as part of the grave goods of private individuals are generally attested from the early Ptolemaic period onwards. At the same time, there can be no doubt that parts of the mortuary liturgies from the Old and Middle Kingdom were already performed in temples as part of the Osiris cult before their later canonisation on papyrus. In the following, ways of transmission will be presented that can explain the introduction of Osirian recitation texts into the temple cult before the beginning of the Ptolemaic period and thus before the point of time universally accepted for the canonisation of Osiris liturgies.
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Sánchez Casado, Raúl. "Some notes on the distribution of goods in egyptian private mortuary cults: three cases studies." Panta Rei. 16 (October 7, 2022): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/pantarei.508091.

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The mortuary provisions of private tomb owners in the Old Kingdom constitute fundamental evidence for the understanding of the operation of the private mortuary cult. The clauses present in these texts provide information about a variety of topics concerning the development of the cult and the use of the properties allotted to sustaining it. However, there are some aspects about which not much information is given. One of these facets is the way in which the goods allocated for the mortuary cult were distributed among the cultic performers. In this paper I intend to contribute to clarifying this aspect by analysing three case studies that are particularly revealing about this matter. Las disposiciones funerarias de los propietarios de tumbas del Reino Antiguo constituyen una evidencia fundamental para la comprensión de los sistemas de funcionamiento del culto funerario de los particulares. Las cláusulas presentes en esos textos nos proporcionan información sobre el desarrollo del culto y el uso de las propiedades destinadas a su mantenimiento. Pese a ello, hay algunos aspectos sobre los que no se da demasiada información. Una de dichas facetas es el modo en el que los bienes destinados al culto funerario son distribuidos entre los oficiantes. En este artículo pretendemos contribuir a clarificar este aspecto analizando tres casos de estudio que son particularmente relevantes.
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Frankfurter, David. "Amente Demons and Christian Syncretism." Archiv für Religionsgeschichte 14, no. 1 (September 2013): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arege-2012-0006.

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Abstract Drawing on a range of apocalyptic and magical texts from Roman and Byzantine Egypt, this paper argues that the Coptic Christian depiction of vicious underworld demons, so often cited as evidence of “Egyptian survivals,” in fact owes more to Jewish apocalyptic literature than ancient Egyptian mortuary texts - that scribes only recalled Egyptian traditions in the course of reutilization and interpretation of para-biblical apocalyptic traditions. Secondly, the paper attributes the development of this Coptic underworld demonology to the creative agency of scribes in late antique Egyptian Christianity, in whose own subcultures and practices any model of demonological syncretism must be situated.
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Alvarez, Christelle. "Monumentalizing ritual texts in Ancient Egyptian pyramids." Manuscript and Text Cultures (MTC) 1 (May 1, 2022): 112–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56004/v1a112.

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The aim of this paper is to contribute to the discussion of the relationship between manuscript and epigraphic traditions in premodern cultures by addressing aspects of the monumentality of writing in the context of Ancient Egyptian tombs near the end of the third millennium BC (the late Old Kingdom). Ritual texts inscribed on the walls of subterranean chambers of kings' and queens' pyramids at Saqqara are known as 'The Pyramid Texts', the earliest known mortuary corpus of any civilization. The texts, which are inscribed in hieroglyphs, are carved, decorated, and painted in green. They are laid out in columns and cover surfaces up to three metres high in the main chambers and in the passages leading to the entrances of the pyramids. While the texts were performed during rituals and recorded in writing in contexts that are now lost, the carved hieroglyphic forms in the pyramids make it possible to glimpse the extent of manuscript culture and scribal practices of this period. The process of inscription involved not only reconfiguration from manuscript to wall, but also reinterpretation of the texts in terms of the spatial, architectural, and symbolical context of the tomb. This paper investigates the idea of monumentality in relation to the way these texts were reconfigured in the pyramids.
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Der Manuelian, Peter, and Christian E. Loeben. "New Light on the Recarved Sarcophagus of Hatshepsut and Thutmose I in the Museum of Fine arts, Boston." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 79, no. 1 (October 1993): 121–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339307900109.

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The royal sarcophagus Boston MFA 04.278 is of critical importance to the art historical, political and mortuary history of the early Eighteenth Dynasty, yet has been inadequately documented. This study provides new photographs and computer-generated line drawings of all decorated surfaces, new insights into alterations and recarvings, and translations of all texts. The sarcophagus, including its archaeological history and inscriptional evidence, is set in its historical context; it provides no evidence in favour of KV 20 being originally the sepulchre of Thutmose I. Descriptions of the decoration, prototype Book of the Dead texts and facial representational styles follow. Concluding remarks focus on the development of early New Kingdom sarcophagi. An appendix presents scientific analysis of the red paint and filling material used in the recarved inscriptions.
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Ray, J. D., and M. Smith. "Catalogue of Demotic Papyri in the British Museum. Volume III: The Mortuary Texts of Papyrus BM 10507." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76 (1990): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3822052.

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Kóthay, Katalin Anna. "Divine Beings at Work: A Motif in Late First Intermediate Period and Early Middle Kingdom Mortuary Texts*." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 96, no. 1 (January 2010): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751331009600105.

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Baustian, Kathryn M. "Bioarchaeological perspectives on the social experience of prehistoric and historic communities." Antiquity 91, no. 360 (December 2017): 1656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2017.193.

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Traditionally, reconstructions of social complexity in past societies have relied on a plethora of indicators including, but not limited to, ancient texts, monumental architectural and archaeological evidence for hierarchical leadership, surplus storage, craft specialisation and the density of populations. With the exception of mortuary patterns, particularly the quantity and quality of grave goods, bioarchaeological data have featured less prominently in archaeological interpretation. Over the past 40 years, however, the study of human skeletal remains has been more firmly integrated into theoretical explorations of the past, and the broader development of biocultural models has contributed more fully to archaeological research. The first of the two volumes reviewed here is exemplary of current bioarchaeological approaches that draw on human biology, cultural development and physical environments to understand the human experience.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mortuary Texts"

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Alvarez, Christelle. "Inscribing the pyramid of king Qakare Ibi : scribal practice and mortuary literature in late Old Kingdom Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:91f5c89d-1c1e-47e2-9780-1136e4b3b10c.

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This thesis investigates how the burial chamber of the 8th Dynasty pyramid of king Qakare Ibi at Saqqara in Egypt (c. 2109-2107 B.C.) was inscribed. It uses a holistic approach to focus on the textual programme and its unusual aspects in comparison to older pyramids. In doing so, it addresses issues of textual transmission and of scribal practice in the process of inscribing the walls of subterranean chambers in pyramids. The aim is to contextualise the texts of Ibi within the Memphite tradition of Pyamid Texts and the development of mortuary literature on different media from the late third millennium BCE Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom in the early second millennium BCE. The first chapter presents the background to this research and information on king Ibi and his pyramid. The second chapter treats research on the arrangement of the texts on the walls of subterranean chambers of royal pyramids of kings and queens and compares the layout of the texts in the pyramid of Ibi with older pyramids. It then discusses in detail one section on the east wall of Ibi, where the order of spells diverges from other transmitted sequences. The unusual combination of spells and the practice of shortening spells is investigated further in the third chapter, where two sections of texts on the south wall are analysed. The fourth chapter explores garbled texts and discusses processes of copying and inscribing the texts onto the walls of pyramids. The fifth chapter analyses the modifications of the writing system in pyramids, especially the mutilation of hieroglyphs, and how this practice relates to the tradition of altering signs in pyramids. Finally, the sixth chapter synthesises the results of the preceding chapters in two sections. The first section summarises the process of inscribing pyramids and contextualises aspects of scribal practices within it. The second section concludes the thesis with a discussion of the features of the textual programme of Ibi and of how it relates to the broader transmission of mortuary literature.
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Crow, Michael Scott. "Mortuary practice in sociohistorical and archaeological contexts: Texas, 1821-1870." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/335.

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Historical accounts of mortuary display during the 19th-century and evidence from archaeological investigations at historic cemeteries can contribute substantially to our understanding of related chronological and social-status issues. An inadequate understanding of mortuary practice in Texas circa 1821 to 1870 frustrates assessment of site chronology and status-related interpretations. While there are numerous studies of individual cemeteries, there is, as of yet, no synthesis of historical and archaeological data pertaining to mortuary practices in early Texas. In response to this deficiency, this thesis provides a synthesis of mortuary practices and the availability of related paraphernalia in Texas circa 1821-1870. Data from numerous cemeteries are compiled to establish a chronology for mortuary practices and to develop a seriation of select burial furnishings as an aid in assessing status-related variation in mortuary display. Results of the study, as gleaned from archival and archaeological data, indicate that mortuary display in mid-19th-century Texas is not so much a proxy of wealth, as it is a measure of popular cultural trends and economic contexts. These findings are used to reassess cemetery chronologies and status indices, including several interments at Matagorda Cemetery (1835-present), which serve as case studies.
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Taylor, A. J. "Mortuary practices and territoriality : archaic hunter-gatherers of southern Texas and the Loma Sandia Site (41LK28) /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Bruner, David E. "Symbols for the living synthesis, invention, and resistance in 19th to 20th century mortuary practices from Montgomery and Harris County, Texas /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Muller, Virginie. "Étude lexicale et anthropologique de la mort à partir des textes suméro-akkadiens (fin IIIème-Ier millénaire av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20080.

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Les sources textuelles sumériennes et akkadiennes sont à la base de ce travail. Il offre une enquête sur le thème de la mort, à partir d’une analyse lexicale du champ sémantique de la mort, ainsi que des différents termes, expressions et euphémismes utilisés pour désigner le fait de mourir. La totalité des genres littéraires attestés sont donc pris en compte, notamment les textes divinatoires, les inscriptions royales, les textes de lois… L’objectif est tout d’abord de constituer un corpus le plus exhaustif possible, qui jusqu’ici n’était pas disponible, en étudiant de façon systématique les données. Mais l’ambition est également d’analyser toute la terminologie et de réaliser une synthèse sur ce thème. Cette recherche porte donc sur la mort dans sa réalité concrète, notamment les différentes sortes de trépas, et les gestes afférents, comme les étapes du processus funéraire ou des cultes de commémoration. L’intérêt est également porté sur les différents sentiments ressentis face à la mort, aux valeurs et significations qui lui sont accordées, et aux utilisations de la mort par les vivants, notamment au travers d’une exploitation politique et sociale
Sumerian and Akkadian texts provide the primary material for this study, which is a lexical analysis of the semantic field of death, and of terms, expressions and euphemisms used to refer to dying. All literary genres are examined, especially divinatory texts. The purpose is not only to bring together a corpus, which until now has not been available, by going through the texts systematically, but also to analyze all the terminology and to summarize the subject. This research concerns concrete aspects of death, especially the different ways in which Mesopotamians died and the acts that followed death, such as funerary practices and rites, and commemorative ceremony. We are also interested in different feelings, values, and uses attributed to death by the living, especially political or social
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Basse, Karissa Anne. "Coffin hardware analysis and chronology of the Head Cemetery, Robertson County, Texas." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22430.

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Atkins performed an archaeological relocation of a nineteenth century cemetery on behalf of Luminant Mining Company, within the Kosse Mine in Robertson County, Texas between the years of 2011 and 2012. The Head Cemetery offers unique opportunities to examine views of death and burial in rural, central Texas during the period of the early statehood until around 1900. The Head family and other members of the settlement were part of a pioneer community exhibiting clear expressions of family and community affiliations through spatiality and the material culture of burials. An analysis of coffin hardware and burial practices provides suggestions for dating and identifying unknown interments and exploring changing sentiments towards death by Anglo American settlers within the broader sociohistorical context of the nineteenth century.
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Books on the topic "Mortuary Texts"

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Bement, Leland C. Hunter-gatherer mortuary practices during the central Texas Archaic. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.

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Morrow, Betty Moss. Ham Mortuary: Teague, Freestone County, Texas : years-- 1900 thru 1959. Teague, Tex. (Rt. 2, Box 96, Teague 75860): B.M. Morrow, 1990.

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Piehl, Jennifer C. Human osteology and mortuary practices in the Eastern Trans-Pecos region of Texas. Alpine, Tex: Center for Big Bend Studies, Sul Ross State University, 2009.

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Catalogue of Demotic Papyri in the British Museum: The Mortuary Texts of P. BM 10507. British Museum Press, 1987.

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Rocher, Ludo. Inheritance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.003.0013.

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Chapter 12 traces the changes to the Hindu law of inheritance (dāyavibhāga) that occurred from the time of the ancient smṛtis to the present. Hindu inheritance was originally intestate and linked to the duty and capability to perform mortuary rites (śrāddhas). Issues of primogeniture and the ranking of heirs in the absence of sons and grandsons showed variations across the smṛtis, which later commentaries and topical digests (nibandhas) sought to resolve, with differing results. In the British period, variations became organized under regional patterns, with different leading texts governing separate areas of the country. At first relying on pandits’ interpretation of law texts, Anglo-Indian courts progressively turned to a British style of case law, relying on precedent. After Independence, the Indian government broke with the past, abrogating traditional law and promulgating a new, uniform system of inheritance law for all Hindus with the Hindu Succession Act of 1956.
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Bement, Leland C. Hunter-Gatherer Mortuary Practices during the Central Texas Archaic. University of Texas Press, 2010.

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Bement, Leland C. Hunter-Gatherer Mortuary Practices During the Central Texas Archaic. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2014.

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Roberson, Joshua Aaron. The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Earth. Lockwood Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2012000.

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Collections of scenes and texts designated variously as the "Book of the Earth," "Creation of the Solar Disc," and "Book of Aker" were inscribed on the walls of royal sarcophagus chambers throughout Egypt's Ramessid period (Dynasties 19–20). This material illustrated discrete episodes from the nocturnal voyage of the sun god, which functioned as a model for the resurrection of the deceased king. These earliest "Books of the Earth" employed mostly ad hoc arrangements of scenes, united by shared elements of iconography, an overarching, bipartite symmetry of composition, and their frequent pairing with representations of the double sky overhead. From the Twenty-First Dynasty and later, selections of programmatic tableaux were adapted for use in private mortuary contexts, often in conjunction with innovative or previously unattested annotations. The present study collects and analyzes all currently known Book of the Earth material, including discussions of iconography, grammar, orthography, and architectural setting.
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Stern, Karen B. Writing on the Wall. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161334.001.0001.

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Few direct clues exist to the everyday lives and beliefs of ordinary Jews in antiquity. Prevailing perspectives on ancient Jewish life have been shaped largely by the voices of intellectual and social elites, preserved in the writings of Philo and Josephus and the rabbinic texts of the Mishnah and Talmud. Commissioned art, architecture, and formal inscriptions displayed on tombs and synagogues equally reflect the sensibilities of their influential patrons. The perspectives and sentiments of nonelite Jews, by contrast, have mostly disappeared from the historical record. Focusing on these forgotten Jews of antiquity, this book takes an unprecedented look at the vernacular inscriptions and drawings they left behind and sheds new light on the richness of their quotidian lives. Just like their neighbors throughout the eastern and southern Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, Arabia, and Egypt, ancient Jews scribbled and drew graffiti everyplace. This book reveals what these markings tell us about the men and women who made them, people whose lives, beliefs, and behaviors eluded commemoration in grand literary and architectural works. Making compelling analogies with modern graffiti practices, the book documents the overlooked connections between Jews and their neighbors, showing how popular Jewish practices of prayer, mortuary commemoration, commerce, and civic engagement regularly crossed ethnic and religious boundaries. Illustrated throughout with examples of ancient graffiti, the book provides a tantalizingly intimate glimpse into the cultural worlds of forgotten populations living at the crossroads of Judaism, Christianity, paganism, and earliest Islam.
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Coffin inscription in Egypt after the new kingdom: A study of text production and use in elite mortuary preparation. 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mortuary Texts"

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Enmarch, Roland. "Mortuary and Literary Laments." In Ancient Egyptian Literature. British Academy, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265420.003.0006.

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‘Laments’ have long been recognised as an important and long-lived part of Egyptian written culture, appearing in widely differing contexts, including as captions to mourning scenes in tombs from the Old Kingdom onwards, as liturgical laments uttered by Isis and Nephthys in mortuary texts, and as an important component of the literary style of Middle Egyptian pessimistic literature. The heterogeneous nature of these sources presents problems in arriving at a satisfactory definition for a ‘lament’ genre as a whole, and raises questions as to just how closely related these different written traditions are. While the style of literary laments in particular has often been described as originating from funerary dirges, the evidence for this is chronologically problematic and other generic influences have alternatively been posited. This chapter establishes stylistic and structural criteria to enable a more detailed analysis of the different kinds of lament, and their possible interrelationship.
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Fay, Jacqueline. "Stones, Books, and the Place of History around AD 900." In Materializing Englishness in Early Medieval Texts, 67–110. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198757573.003.0003.

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The second chapter turns from a fast-changing substance, soil, to a very slow-changing one, stone, to contextualize the growing use of inscribed grave markers in late ninth-century England in relation to other types of mortuary discourse, particularly the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The chapter shows that, as much as tombstone inscriptions uphold the promise that writing will combat the disappearing matter of history, they also offer a model of text that is authorized and underpinned, quite literally, by the fecund body of the historical agent beneath the marker. By demonstrating the Chronicle’s links to mortuary discourse, the chapter argues that it borrows a specific historiographic logic from tombstones, one capable of materially linking the past of events to the present space of reading.
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"Imagining the Neo-Elamite Funeral from Archaeology and Texts." In Profiling Death. Neo-Elamite Mortuary Practices, Afterlife Beliefs, and Entanglements with Ancestors, 190–208. BRILL, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004391772_008.

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Imhausen, Annette. "The Cultural Context of Egyptian Mathematics in the Old Kingdom." In Mathematics in Ancient Egypt. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691117133.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the use of mathematics in the Old Kingdom. A number of sources provide information about the kind of mathematics and its context at that time. At least indirect evidence for the use of mathematics in administration can be drawn from the Abusir papyri, which originate from the mortuary temples of two kings of the Fifth Dynasty at Abusir. They document the running of a mortuary temple and include duty rosters for priests, lists of offerings and inventories of temple equipment, and letters and permits. These texts also indicate the assessment of cattle at regular intervals. How mathematical techniques developed or what they were exactly at this time remains unknown. Nevertheless, some scribes of the Old Kingdom left descriptions of their lives and careers within their tombs that at least allow assessing the cultural environment in which they worked.
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Hagen, Fredrik. "Constructing Textual Identity." In Ancient Egyptian Literature. British Academy, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197265420.003.0010.

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This chapter analyses the way in which Egyptian literary, scientific, and mortuary texts present their own origins, and how they seek to construct a (largely fictional) historical identity for themselves. This identity is established by the use of a shared set of topoi, phraseology, narrative structures, and protagonists, including well-known historical characters like Hordedef, Khaemwaset, and Amenhotep Son of Hapu. By drawing on so-called ‘find-notes’ from the Book of the Dead Spells, as well as medical and mathematical texts, and by comparing them with the literary tradition as preserved in tales and wisdom instructions, the chapter maps the ways in which such identities are constructed, as well as the motives behind this practice.
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Lucarelli, Rita, and Kea Johnston. "Ancient Egyptian Coffins in 3D: Digital Analysis, Visualization, and Dissemination." In Preserving Cultural Heritage in the Digital Age: Sending Out an S.O.S., 110–24. Equinox Publishing Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/equinox.42597.

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This chapter discusses the importance of digital data capture techniques such as digital photogrammetry for expanding access to texts carved on Egyptian sarcophagi by creating collections of digitized large mortuary objects. Such large objects are often stored in museum warehouses and not easily shared with scholars and the public. By providing a thorough explanation of the digital techniques and results of the “Book of the Dead in 3D” project at UC Berkeley, this chapter highlights the significance of conducting text analysis on the 3D models of the coffins by creating interactive annotations--including text transcription and translation of the magical spells--on the digital models themselves. This kind of embedded metadata is critical to scholars of Egyptology. The case study presented--the sarcophagus of Psamtik in the collections of the Phoebe Hearst Museum at Berkeley--describes in detail the technique of digital photogrammetry combined with custom programming to create the annotated 3D models.
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Nugteren, Albertina. "Wood, Water, and Waste: Material Aspects of Mortuary Practices in South Asia." In Roots of Wisdom, Branches of Devotion: Plant Life in South Asian Traditions, 118–41. Equinox Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/equinox.30833.

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Albertina Nugteren’s chapter, which brings the second section to conclusion, maintains a focus on ecology but privileges an analysis of tradition and ritual praxis, namely the burning of bodies as part of the final sacrifice (antyeṣṭi). By relating prescriptive Sanskrit texts to fieldwork conducted in Nepal, the author explores the centrality of fire in Hindu funerary rites, the ongoing insistence on open pyres, and the religious symbolism investing in trees. The staggering quantity of dry wood required for such practices – preferably even enriched with rare woods such as sandalwood – is being challenged by today’s environmental realities, yet emerging alternatives such as electric crematoria are largely seen as clashing with a consolidated tradition.
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Mytum, Harold. "Forgetting and Remembering: Scots and Ulster Scots Memorials in Eighteenth-century Ulster, Pennsylvania and Nineteenth-century New South Wales." In Death in the Diaspora, 14–51. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474473781.003.0002.

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Mortuary monuments were used by Scots and Ulster Scots as they selectively chose to forget or remember their origins once they settled in new lands around the world. Those who moved to Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century and New South Wales in the nineteenth century employed different strategies regarding how they would create their identities and promote or discard aspects of their origins. Burial monument texts look back over the deceased’s life, but they are also selected by the living to create publicly visible family history and affiliation. Through both text and symbol on the memorials, families create visible, meaningful, biographies. Using survey data from Pennsylvania and New South Wales collected to investigate diasporic remembering and forgetting, this analysis recognises a widespread prevalence of forgetting and an increasing interest in creating new identities in the colonial context. However, some saw their origins as part of their identity and this formed part of the visible family biography.
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Slingerland, Edward. "Soul and Body." In Mind and Body in Early China, 65–99. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842307.003.0003.

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Abstract:
This chapter presents traditional archaeological and textual evidence against the strong soul-body holist position—that is, the claim that the early Chinese lacked any sense of a qualitative distinction between an immaterial soul and a physical body. This evidence includes afterlife beliefs as gleaned from mortuary practices and textual evidence drawn from both the received corpus and archaeologically recovered texts. The early Chinese appear to have distinguished between a relatively corporeal, physical body and a relatively incorporeal soul (or set of souls). The former was part of a material, visible world and was viewed ultimately as peripheral to the essence of one’s personal identity. The latter was the focus of ancestor cults, sacrifices, and oracles, and partook of an invisible, numinous world, qualitatively distinct from our own. The “specialness” of the next world and the beings that inhabited it lent to them, and to items and practices associated with them, a degree of numinosity that is not at all alien to conceptions of the holy or sacred in Judeo-Christian traditions. The chapter concludes with the argument that soul-body dualism is ultimately parasitic on basic mind-body dualism, which sees mental states or consciousness as somehow qualitatively distinct from the material world of things.
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10

"Text and Translations." In Bruno the Carthusian and his Mortuary Roll, 127–305. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.es-eb.4.00118.

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