Academic literature on the topic 'Morts Islande'
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Journal articles on the topic "Morts Islande"
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Tassin, Guy. "Christophe Pons, Le Spectre et le Voyant. Les échanges entre morts et vivants en Islande." L'Homme, no. 165 (January 1, 2003): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lhomme.16032.
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Hell, Bertrand. "Christophe Pons, Le Spectre et le voyant. Les échanges entre morts et vivants en Islande." Archives de sciences sociales des religions, no. 124 (October 1, 2003): 63–170. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/assr.905.
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Pons, Christophe. "Le « partenariat attentif » de la cosmologie islandaise." Hors-thème 29, no. 2 (December 12, 2005): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011898ar.
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RésuméL’article articule une analyse comparative de trois terrains de la société islandaise : le projet de fichage génomique deCode Genetics à la fin du vingtième siècle, l’émergence du spiritualisme au début du siècle et les rituels médiumniques des groupes du Nouvel Âge contemporain. Or, ces trois lieux d’observation montrent comment un partenariat attentif entre morts et vivants s’impose comme une structure symbolique récurrente. Celle-ci est à chaque fois présente dans tout processus de construction cosmologique par lequel les Islandais se pensent dans le monde, se donnent un sens et, ce faisant, bâtissent une conception d’eux-mêmes et de l’autre. En dégageant la structuration symbolique de ce partenariat attentif, l’auteur tente une double lecture atypique : d’une part celle des significations insoupçonnées d’un événement scientifico-médiatique qui a suscité beaucoup d’incompréhension et, d’autre part, celle des formes de religiosité contemporaine qui se présentent en Islande sous les traits d’un échange coutumier.
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Valdez, Juan R. "Introduction." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015, no. 233 (January 1, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2014-0050.
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AbstractGiven the persistent legacy of colonization and slavery in the Caribbean, a significant portion of recent scholarship on the island internationally known as Hispaniola is dedicated to debunking (neo)colonial myths (Buck-Morss 2009; San Miguel 2005). Not the least of these myths is the idea that this island’s peculiar history produced a “lower”, not fully civilized race of speakers. In keeping with the task of myth-busting, this special issue of the
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Couto, Thomaz Bittencourt, Sylvia Costa Lima Farhat, Tony Reid, and Cláudio Schvartsman. "Mortalidade em hospital secundário pediátrico na Libéria pós-conflito em 2009." Einstein (São Paulo) 11, no. 4 (December 2013): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082013000400002.
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OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar as causas de morte em um hospital secundário pediátrico (administrado pelos Médicos sem Fronteiras) na Monróvia, Libéria, 6 anos após o fim da guerra civil, para determinar a qualidade dos cuidados e a mortalidade em uma realidade com recursos limitados. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram coletados retrospectivamente de março a outubro de 2009. Os prontuários e dados laboratoriais foram revisados para verificar a causa de morte. Além disso, prontuários de pacientes com mais de 1 mês de vida com causa de morte infecciosa foram analisados, para avaliar a presença de choque séptico descompensado ou choque séptico refratário a fluidos. RESULTADOS: Do total de 8.254 pacientes admitidos, 531 morreram, com taxa de mortalidade de 6,4%. Noventa por cento dos óbitos ocorreram em crianças <5 anos. A maioria das mortes ocorreu nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. A causa principal (76%) foi doença infecciosa. Apresentaram choque séptico 78 (23,6%) pacientes com mais de 1 mês de idade e doença infecciosa, e 28 (8,6%) apresentaram choque séptico descompensado ou refratário a fluidos. CONCLUSÃO: Desde o fim da devastadora guerra civil na Libéria, o Island Hospital tem melhorado a qualidade de cuidado e diminuído a taxa de mortalidade, apesar de atuar com recursos limitados. Com base nos dados disponíveis, a mortalidade do Island Hospital aparenta ser menor do que em outras instituições liberianas e africanas, e semelhante a de outros hospitais administrados pelos Médicos sem Fronteiras na África. A explicação para esse fato é o apoio logístico e financeiro dos Médicos sem Fronteiras. A maior carga de mortalidade está relacionada a doenças infecciosas e condições neonatais. A mortalidade por sepse variou entre diferentes infecções. Isso sugere que a mortalidade ainda pode ser reduzida ao se melhorarem o tratamento e os cuidados neonatais.
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Haldar, C., P. Kumar, and M. Ravi Kumar. "Seismic structure of the lithosphere beneath the ocean islands near the mid-oceanic ridges." Solid Earth Discussions 5, no. 2 (October 7, 2013): 1641–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-5-1641-2013.
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Abstract. Deciphering the seismic character of the young lithosphere near the mid-oceanic ridges (MOR) is a challenging endeavor. In this study, we determine the seismic structure of the oceanic plate near the MORs, using the P-to-s conversions isolated from good quality data recorded at 5 broadband seismological stations situated on the ocean Islands in their vicinity. Estimates of the crustal and lithospheric thickness values from waveform modeling of the P receiver function stacks reveal that the crustal thickness varies between 6 and 8 km with the corresponding depths to the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary (LAB) varying between 43 and 68 km. However, the depth to the LAB at Macquire Island is intriguing in view of the observation of a thick (~ 87 km) lithosphere beneath a relatively young crust. At three other stations i.e., Ascension Island, Sao Jorge and Easter Island, we find evidence for an additional deeper low velocity layer probably related to the presence of a hotspot.
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Estes, Maurice G., Ruth H. Carmichael, Xiongwen Chen, and Sean C. Carter. "Environmental factors and occurrence of horseshoe crabs in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): e0243478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243478.
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This study provides regional-scale data on drivers of horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) presence along the northcentral Gulf of Mexico coast and has implications for understanding habitat suitability for sparse horseshoe crab populations of conservation concern worldwide. To collect baseline data on the relationship between environmental factors and presence of horseshoe crabs, we surveyed four sites from the Fort Morgan peninsula of Mobile Bay, Alabama (AL) to Horn Island, Mississippi (MS). We documented number, size and sex of live animals, molts, and carcasses as metrics of horseshoe crab presence and demographics for two years. Data were compared to in situ and remotely sensed environmental attributes to assess environmental drivers of occurrence during the time of study. Overall, greater evidence of horseshoe crab presence was found at western sites (Petit Bois and Horn Islands) compared to eastern sites (Dauphin Island, Fort Morgan peninsula), mediated by a combination of distance from areas of high freshwater discharge and interannual variation in weather. Higher sex ratios also were found associated with higher occurrence, west of Mobile Bay. Land cover, particularly Bare Land and Estuarine Emergent Wetland classes that are common to western sites, was most predictive of live animal and to some extent carcass occurrence. Our findings suggest that small-scale variation in habitat quality can affect occurrence of horseshoe crabs in sparse populations where density is not a limiting factor. Data from molts and carcasses were informative to supplement live animal data and may be useful to enhance ecological assessment and support conservation and management in regions with sparse populations.
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Berriel, Carlos. "Geografia e dissimulazione nell’ Utopia di Morus." Moreana 51 (Number 195-, no. 1-2 (June 2014): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2014.51.1-2.9.
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At the beginning of Book II of Utopia, Thomas More describes the adventures of a hypothetical navigator who approached the isle of Utopia: actually the navigator is none other than us, readers who, through this reading-navigation are approaching the idea of Utopia. However, the Utopians wish to protect themselves from our approach, having built a dangerous harbor, with “shallows on one side and rocks on the other.” “Since the other rocks lie under the water, they are very dangerous. The channels are known only to the Utopians, so hardly any strangers enter the bay without one of their pilots; and even they themselves could not enter safely if they did not direct their course by some landmarks on the coast”. Utopia has two meanings, the book and the island; the reader/navigator must avoid shipwreck on the reefs. The various references and meanings of the work, which are as many landmarks on the coast, frequently change places. Thus it is necessary to find one’s orientation through the evermoving game of such indications.
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Alderman, R., R. Gales, G. N. Tuck, and J. D. Lebreton. "Global population status of shy albatross and an assessment of colony-specific trends and drivers." Wildlife Research 38, no. 8 (2011): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr10199.
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Context Monitoring the status of albatross populations and identifying the factors driving observed trends remain international conservation and management priorities. The shy albatross is endemic to Australia and breeds only on three Tasmanian islands. Aims To provide a reliable total population estimate for shy albatross, including an assessment of demographic trends for each of the three populations where possible. We consider also key drivers of population trends for each population, particularly the potential role of fisheries by-catch, with an overall aim of determining the status of the species. Methods Aerial photography and ground surveys were used to estimate the number of annual breeding pairs and trends in adult and juvenile survival rates were calculated using mark–recapture methods. At-sea distribution data was used to identify population specific trends in the overlap of shy albatross and fisheries to evaluate the potential influence of fisheries by-catch on the populations. Key Results The Albatross Island population increased post-harvesting but has recently stabilised at around 5200 breeding pairs, less than half its estimated historic size. This trajectory change appears driven by a decrease in juvenile survival. The small (170 breeding pairs) Pedra Branca population has recently declined, probably due to reduced breeding success associated with the increasing population of Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) on the island. The largest population (on Mewstone) comprises at least 9500 breeding pairs. Trends for this population are unknown. However, this paper demonstrates that these birds have greater overlap with trawl and longline fishing effort and are consequently at higher risk of fishing-related mortality. Conclusions Given the extent of fisheries overlap, survival rates for Mewstone individuals are likely to be lower than the Albatross Island population. Combined with recent trends on Pedra Branca and Albatross Island, we suggest that the current status of the shy albatross is likely to be stable at best and quite possibly decreasing. Implications The concerns raised about the conservation status of shy albatross reinforce the importance of continued population monitoring focussed particularly on establishing the trend of Mewstone. A thorough assessment of interactions with trawl fishing operations also is a management priority for this species.
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Haldar, C., P. Kumar, and M. Ravi Kumar. "Seismic structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the ocean islands near mid-oceanic ridges." Solid Earth 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2014): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-5-327-2014.
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Abstract. Deciphering the seismic character of the young lithosphere near mid-oceanic ridges (MORs) is a challenging endeavor. In this study, we determine the seismic structure of the oceanic plate near the MORs using the P-to-S conversions isolated from quality data recorded at five broadband seismological stations situated on ocean islands in their vicinity. Estimates of the crustal and lithospheric thickness values from waveform inversion of the P-receiver function stacks at individual stations reveal that the Moho depth varies between ~ 10 ± 1 km and ~ 20 ± 1 km with the depths of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) varying between ~ 40 ± 4 and ~ 65 ± 7 km. We found evidence for an additional low-velocity layer below the expected LAB depths at stations on Ascension, São Jorge and Easter islands. The layer probably relates to the presence of a hot spot corresponding to a magma chamber. Further, thinning of the upper mantle transition zone suggests a hotter mantle transition zone due to the possible presence of plumes in the mantle beneath the stations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Morts Islande"
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Pons, Christophe. "Le spectre et le voyant : les échanges entre morts et vivants en Islande /." Paris : Presse de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38854495g.
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Pons, Christophe. "Le spectre et le voyant : esquisse d'une théorie sur un système d'échanges entre morts et vivants en Islande." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX1A001.
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L'etude proposee suit une enquete de terrain de dix mois dans le village d'isafjorour, capitale de la region du vestfjorour au nord-ouest de l'islande. La problematique est double ; d'une part une reflexion sur l'idee de culture et d'autre part une proposition d'approche de celle-ci a travers l'observation d'un systeme islandais de representations, celui qui met en relation une communaute de vivants (les informateurs) avec une communaute de morts (leurs ancetres). L'etude commence par l'observation du cas d'une famille expliquant etre poursuivie par un fantome. Mais l'enquete est ensuite etendue a un grand nombre d'individus, montrant comment les vivants entretiennent des contacts avec leurs morts. En affinant l'observation, on decouvre qu'une multiplicite de messages transitent ainsi entre les deux communautes ; des accords sont passes, des engagements sont pris. Pour rendre intelligible l'efficacite reelle de ces relations, une construction theorique en terme de systeme d'echanges est alors elaboree. Celle-ci permet de devoiler le sens de ces messages. Ils ont pour but d'operer des inscriptions : inscription des morts et des vivants dans leurs communautes d'appartenance respectives. L'economie de ce systeme d'echange est ainsi etudiee pour elle-meme, dans sa propre rationalite et fonctionnalite. Dans ce systeme, un personnage mediateur joue un role important, c'est le spectre-voyant.
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Staverees, Linda. "Breeding production of Cape gannets Morus capensis at Malgas Island, 2002-03." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4361.
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Green, David Bruce. "Foraging ecology of Cape Gannets (Morus Capensis) at Bird Island, Algoa Bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020790.
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The Cape gannet has undergone considerable population change and redistribution over the past 50 years. This has been linked to shifts in the abundance and distribution of their dominant prey, sardine and anchovy. Five breeding colonies, along the west coast of Southern Africa, have shown rapid population declines as a result of reduced prey availability. In contrast, a single colony (Bird Island, Algoa Bay) on the south coast of South Africa has, over the same period, grown fivefold and now supports approximately two thirds of the total population. Due to its conservation importance, and isolation from other breeding localities, it is important to assess the health of the Bird Island colony, and determine how foraging distribution relates to the environment to evaluate current measures of protection. This was achieved through two related studies; a long-term dietary analysis spanning 34 years, and a spatial foraging study, which related three years of tracking data to estimates of prey availability, oceanographic features and marine protected areas (MPAs). The results of the dietary study showed that the dietary constituents of Cape gannets breeding at Bird Island have remained similar over the last three decades, but the importance of sardine and anchovy has increased significantly. For sardine, in particular, this reflects an increased availability of this species (as deduced from hydroacoustic surveys) within the foraging range of the Bird Island colony. The dietary abundance of anchovy was found to be negatively correlated with that of sardine. Surprisingly,.the dietary abundance of anchovy was also negatively correlated with estimates of its availability based on acoustic surveys. The latter is likely to be due to sardine being a preferred prey item. Recent decreases in the dietary contribution of sardine (since 2005) suggest that this species is becoming less available to gannets, with profound implications in terms of nutrient gain associated with foraging. However, this has been mediated by an increase in the dietary contribution of anchovy, which now accounts for the vast majority of prey taken. Spatially, the foraging range of the Bird Island colony expanded during the three years of study, indicating an increase in effort. This increase was likely in an effort to track a distributional change of sardine and anchovy, which showed an apparent westward shift during the study period. There was, however, no evidence of birds tracking features associated with high productivity. This may have been partly due to anomalously warm conditions during the summer of 2012/2013, in which an absence of coastal upwelling prevented surface cooling. Nonetheless, low sea surface temperatures and high chlorophyll a concentrations do not seem to be reliable indicators of important Cape gannet foragingareas. Foraging effort was largely concentrated outside of MPAs, indicating that the current MPA network provides little protection for foraging gannets. This could change with the additional protection of the proposed Greater Addo Elephant National Park MPA expansion, as prey species are allowed to recover following the removal of fishing pressure. Overall, the colony appears to be in good condition as the diet is still dominated by live prey items, and the foraging range remains smaller than many of the colonies along the west coast. However, it is important that monitoring be continued, in particular with respect to changes in the availability of sardine and anchovy. Long-term shifts of these species out of the colony‘s foraging range could negatively influence the population in the future. This might be worsened by interspecific competition for prey resources. Considering the conservation importance of this population, maintenance of healthy prey stocks within the home range of breeding Cape gannets should be prioritised in order to prevent declines similar to those observed at west coast colonies.
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Rishworth, Gavin Midgley. "Time-activity budgets of cape gannets (Morus Capensis) at Bird Island, Algoa Bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021046.
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For several decades now, seabirds have been considered to be useful indicators of the state of their prey resources because of how they reflect lower-level trophic variability through proxies such as diet or behaviour. However, collection of appropriate data is often challenging in the marine environment because of logistical or financial constraints. In this study, time-activity budgets were studied in the Cape gannet (Morus capensis), a seabird which has been advocated as a potential bioindicator for local epipelagic prey. VHF transmitters attached to PVC leg-rings were fitted to 50 adult breeding pairs during the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 breeding seasons at Bird Island, Algoa Bay, to determine whether an automated method of continuously collecting time-activity budget data can replace conventional laborious direct observations. To validate that the foraging trip duration data generated from the automated method was a reflection of foraging effort, Time-Depth Recorders (TDRs) were simultaneously equipped to birds with VHF transmitters for three weeks. In order to assess the influence of factors other than prey availability on parent time-activity budgets, sex, chick age and body condition were measured. Additionally, chick growth and survival were recorded in order to investigate the gender-specific effects of parental time-activity budget variability on these parameters. Attachment of VHF transmitters to leg-rings of adult Cape gannets had no observable negative effects on the adults or their chicks in terms of adult body condition, nest attendance and foraging trip durations, or chick growth and survival. Furthermore, the frequency distribution of behaviour bout (foraging trip and nest attendance) durations was no different between automated and directly observed data. However, the automated method did record shorter behaviour bouts, largely attributed to the increased likelihood of direct observations missing birds returning briefly to their nests during older chick provisioning. Additionally, foraging trip duration was highly correlated to foraging effort in terms of time spent resting on the sea surface, flying and diving. The automated method therefore appears to be a good reflection of direct nest attendance observations and foraging effort. Cape gannet time-activity budgets were related to chick age and parental sex. Especially as chicks neared fledging, females spent significantly longer periods of time foraging than males, with males consequently provisioning their chicks more often. Furthermore, adults departing their nests earlier spent more time away from the nest foraging as more same-day daylight hours were available. Chick growth was a function of parent foraging trip duration and associated prey delivery rates. Chick survival was most strongly affected by the amount of time which chicks were left unattended by both parents and consequently exposed to predation by kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus) or to adverse weather conditions. Additionally, for females (but not males) there appeared to be a trade-off between foraging trip duration and chick survival. The Cape gannet appears to demonstrate a strategy whereby the costs of reproduction to the female are shifted towards male-dominated chick provisioning as the chick nears fledging. Drivers of time-activity budget variability such as chick age and parental sex therefore need to be considered if using data on foraging trip duration as a proxy of foraging effort and prey availability.
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Fridriksson, Adolf. "La place du mort. Les tombes vikings dans le paysage culturel islandais." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040215/document.
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La place du mort est une étude topographique des sépultures païennes de l'âge de fer en Islande. Le but de ce travail est d'étudier la localisation des tombes et d'en déterminer le sens. Les résultats se fondent sur une révision critique de toutes les données disponibles en matière de site funéraire en Islande, et sur la fouille de chaque sépulture répertoriée. Les données obtenues permettent l'élaboration d'un modèle de localisation des tombes qui les situe a) loin des fermes, mais près des frontières et des routes, b) à proximité des fermes et à une courte distance de leur zone d'activité principale et c) au carrefour entre la route principale et l'allée menant au corps de ferme. Ces résultats ont été testés et confirmés par d'autres explorations de terrain et des fouilles récentes. La comparaison des tombes situées en a) et en b) met en évidence une différence intéressante : près des fermes, les tombes sont souvent orientées nord-sud, les sépultures sont en petit nombre et d'une variété limitée, et la population des défunts est majoritairement constituée d'hommes adultes ou âgés. Les tombes éloignées des fermes quant à elles sont le plus souvent orientées est-ouest, présentent une variété plus importante de biens funéraires, et contiennent des hommes et des femmes de tous âges. Les spécificités topographiques sont interprétées comme reflétant les différentes étapes du processus de la colonisation humaine de l'Islande, qui a eu lieu à la fin du IXe siècle : au stade initial, les sépultures sont placées près de l‘unique endroit important aux yeux des premiers colons : leur habitation. Puis la croissance de l'immigration entraîne de nouvelles règles, dont l'élaboration de frontières entre les propriétés agricoles, frontières signifiées entre autres par les cimetières qui y sont établis. Vers la fin de la colonisation, les démarcations sont nettes et convenues. Les frontières sont désinvesties et les lieux d'importance sont alors déplacés aux carrefours entre route principale et allée conduisant au nouveaux corps de ferme construits au sein d'établissements prééxistantsThe Place of the Dead. Viking Pagan Burial in Icelandic Cultural LandscapeLa place du mort is a topographical study of pagan burials from the late Iron Age in Iceland. The aim of this work is to investigate where burials are located, and explain the reason behind the choice of place. The results are based on a critical revision of all available data on known burial sites in Iceland, and a survey of each site in the field. The main results are presented as a model of burial location, which shows that graves were placed either a) away from farmhouses, on boundaries and by roads, or b) close to farms, and a short distance outside the main activity area of the farm, or c) at the crossroads between the main road and the home lane leading to the farm. These results were tested – and confirmed - by further field survey and excavation. When the details of each grave at the two extreme locations were compared, and interesting difference became apparent: At locations near farms, the graves are frequently orientated N-S, the grave-goods are in small numbers and of a limited variety, and the population are predominantly adult or old men. The graves far away from the farm, are most often oriented E-W, there is a greater number and a greater variety of gravegoods, and there are male and female graves of people of all ages.The differences between locations are explained as different stages of the process of the human colonisation of Iceland which occurred in the late 9th century : at the initial stage, burials were located near to the only significant place of the first settlers, the habitation. With growing immigration, people establish boundaries between farms by placing cemeteries there. Towards the end of the colonisation, where boundaries have been agreed upon, the most significant location shifts again, from boundaries, to the junction between the main road and the home track, leading to the farm which has been located between two already established settlements
Books on the topic "Morts Islande"
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Pons, Christophe. Le spectre et le voyant: Les échanges entre morts et vivants en Islande. Paris: Presses de l'université de Paris-Sorbonne, 2002.
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Mankind, Museum of, ed. Madagascar, island of the ancestors. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications, 1986.
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Monnerie, Denis. Nitu: Les vivants, les morts et le cosmos selon la société de Mono-Alu (Iles Salomon). Leiden: Research School CNWS, 1996.
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Monnerie, Denis. Nitu: Les vivants, les morts et le cosmos selon la societe de Mono-Alu (Iles Salomon) (CNWS publications). Research School CNWS, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Morts Islande"
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Hicks, Amy. "Romance, the Robinsonade, and the Cultivation of Adolescent Female Desire in Libba Bray’s Beauty Queens." In Didactics and the Modern Robinsonade, 185–202. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620047.003.0008.
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This chapter argues that Libba Bray’s Beauty Queens, a satirical riposte to the Robinsonade genre, draws on the broad tradition of codifying the desert island as a space for romantic interludes and posits the island as a distinctly experimental site for girls to navigate gendered behaviours, in order that they might question conservative social mores concerning female sexuality. It also argues for a critical perspective that reclaims women’s connection to nature by reconsidering the cultural construction of “woman” as one that is potentially transgressive within the narrative, and it schools young readers in finding pleasure in their own bodily, sexual desires.
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Edgerton, Ronald K. "Comparative Counterinsurgency and the Moros of Jolo." In American Datu, 123–41. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178936.003.0006.
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This chapter compares and contrasts direct and indirect approaches to counterinsurgency as personified by Leonard Wood and John J. Pershing, laying out a point-by-point comparison and analyzing the pros and cons of each. It then introduces a third Moro group (in addition to Maranaos and Maguindanaos), the Tausug Moros of Jolo Island in the Sulu Archipelago. Reacting to Leonard Wood’s aggressive pacification policy, Tausug warriors violently fought back collectively and in individual acts of ritual suicide, or parrang sabbil.
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Edgerton, Ronald K. "Hard War in Jolo." In American Datu, 142–68. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178936.003.0007.
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This chapter analyzes the murderous war between American troops and the Tausug Moros on Jolo Island, 1903–1906. It begins by discussing Panglima Hassan’s failed efforts to nurture a working relationship with Sulu governor Hugh Lenox Scott. It goes on to list specific do’s and don’ts in fighting small wars. Governor Scott and Gen. Wood committed many of the “don’ts.” They initially failed to consider the centrality of arbitration to the Tausug datu system, how the abolition of debt peonage threatened datus, and how imposition of the cedula tax offended Tausug religious sensibilities. Despite numerous American victories against Hassan and other Tausug Moros, the insurgency grew and spread into a reign of terror. Its horrifying climax came in March 1906 with the massacre of 700–900 Moro men, women, and children on a volcanic peak called Bud (Mt.) Dajo.
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Edgerton, Ronald K. "John Pershing and Full-Spectrum Counterinsurgency in Moro Province, 1909–1913." In American Datu, 195–225. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813178936.003.0009.
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This chapter analyzes the more balanced counterinsurgency strategy employed by Pershing as military governor of Moro Province from 1909 to 1913. The new governor rejected Leonard Wood’s direct approach. But he also had problems with the indirect method adopted by Tasker Bliss, regarding Bliss’s leadership as too passive. He gravitated toward a middle way, both respectful of datus and their power and determined to disarm the Moros. In 1911, it became obvious to him that American military rule of Moro Province could not last much longer. From that point on, he determined to disarm as many Moros as possible, pacify any remaining pockets of resistance, and transfer power to American civilians as quickly as possible. He used Moro insurgents atop Bud Bagsak on Jolo Island as an object lesson. After isolating the insurgents from their noncombatant base, his troops, led by Moro constables and scouts, killed 300–400 Moro fighters in a ferocious five-day battle.
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B. Makhado, Azwianewi, Rodney Braby, Bruce M. Dyer, Jessica Kemper, Alistair M. McInnes, Desmond Tom, and Robert J.M. Crawford. "Seabirds of the Benguela Ecosystem: Utilisation, Long-Term Changes and Challenges." In Birds - Challenges and Opportunities for Business, Conservation and Research. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96326.
Full textAbstract:
The Benguela Current is used by c. 82 seabird species, of which seven are endemic to it. Eggs and guano of formerly abundant seabirds were heavily harvested in the 19th and 20th centuries but decreases in seabird populations led to cessation of these industries at islands. Guano is still scraped from platforms. Seabird ecotourism has grown. There were large recent decreases in numbers of African Penguins Spheniscus demersus, Cape Gannets Morus capensis and Cape Phalacrocorax capensis and Bank P. neglectus Cormorants and redistributions of these other species away from the centre of the Benguela ecosystem towards its northern or eastern boundaries. In 2020, seabirds endemic to the Benguela ecosystem and albatrosses and petrels migrating into it had high proportions of globally Near Threatened or Threatened species. The primary threat to four Endangered endemic birds was scarcity of forage resources. A Vulnerable endemic damara tern was susceptible to habitat degradation and disturbance. The principal threat to visiting albatrosses and petrels was by-catch mortality. Identification and effective protection of Important Bird Area breeding and marine foraging and aggregation sites, and a suite of complementary measures, are needed to conserve the seabirds and ensure continuation of their economic and ecosystem benefits into the future.