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Bejleri, Emirjeta, and Atrida Fishta. "Toward Virtual Business." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (May 24, 2017): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n3p275.
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Abstract The Internet has provided traditional retailers a new mean with which to serve customers and today there are two main trends of organizations which flow concurrently. On one hand there is the Traditional Organization, established in between 20th century and on the other is Modern Organization emerged in this ongoing century. Many traditional organizations “bricks-andmortar” have transformed to modern organizations “clicks-and-mortar” by incorporating Internet sales. There are huge differences between these two types. On the other hand the appearance of virtual firms raises the question of what kind of changes they have brought to the analysis of a particular industry and in the choice of a strategy for those particular firms and other firms that have to compete with them. The aim of this paper is to explain shortly through a literature review what the brickand- mortar, click-and-mortar and virtual organizations mean and analyzing with three specific examples how does it changes between them the organization structure, the definition of core functions and the degree of outsourcing, use of power and types of bargaining in dealing with suppliers and customers, and key management functions. In the future we believe that this paper will serve as a base for future research in the area.
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Abdulkhalek, Rasha. "The Impact of Click and Mortar on Consumers Intention to Purchase Online." World Journal of Business and Management 6, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v6i1.16871.
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This paper aims to clarify the impact of click and mortar business model on Lebanese consumers’ intention to purchase online. Also to compare the hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivation towards the online option of click and mortar business model. The research methodology is based on Saunders research onion, positivism philosophy, deductive approach, a quantitative method based on a survey distributed to 1365 Lebanese respondents. Using regression analysis and correlation test, the author found that utilitarian and hedonic motivation have a different effect on consumers’ intention to purchase online from click and mortar companies. It also shows the moderator variables have different effects on consumers’ motivation to purchase online. This paper is unique for its palpation in addressing an important topic in the Lebanese market. Actually, the findings of this study create the floor for marketers and academics to generalize the difference between hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivation towards online shopping from click and mortar business model. The findings reveal that consumers are shifting towards shopping online. So click and mortar business model is a must.
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Xiuping, Sun. "An Enhanced Value Chain Model Using Regression Analysis Method." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0622_13.
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Click and mortar or indirect distribution management refers to an omni-channel eCommerce business model that integrates online and offline operations, whereas traditional brick and mortar or direct distribution management refers to a traditional street-side business that offers products and services to its customers face-to-face in an office or store that the business owns or rents. Customers can shop over the internet on the retailer’s website, and still be able to shop at the retailer’s brick and mortar shop. This study determined the status of distribution management of selected retail stores in Metro Manila based on the value chain model of Michael Porter, along with the challenges encountered and the identification of strengths and weaknesses. Utilizing the descriptive comparative evaluative research design, data revealed that the respondents’ assessment on the activities in the distribution management that fundamental phases of activities are evident and observed. The verbal interpretation of observed on the inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and services has a verbal interpretation of 3.48 and 3.54 for brick and mortar or direct distribution management and click and mortar or indirect distribution management, respectively. Direct traditional respondents and indirect contemporary respondents, on the other hand, rate general administration/firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology development, and procurement as moderately observed, with a mean of 3.27 and 3.31, respectively. Using regression analysis, the model revealed that outbound logistic, marketing and sales, procurement and inbound logistics have positive effect on the competitive advantage for brick and mortar while outbound logistics, marketing and sales, services, procurement and technology development have positive effect on the competitive advantage for click and mortar. It is also revealed that the enhanced value chain model is contextual and significantly fir to the business management needs of the respondents. It is recommended that store management can be implemented to the traditional and modern in doing their business. Moreover, a thorough review and search of location accessibility must be performed in implementing the enhance value chain model. Keywords—Brick and Mortar, Click and Mortar, Human Resource, Value Chain Analysis
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McKenna, Christopher J. "An invisible operational mortar." AILA Review 34, no. 1 (September 9, 2021): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.20010.mck.
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Abstract The contribution seeks to apply the principles of J. L. Austin’s speech-act theories to the study of local business segregation in the Jim Crow South. In particular, it borrows the notions of illocutionary and perlocutionary force when examining the seemingly bland and prosaic statements that are often used to normalise segregation within the business of commercial entertainment. For purposes of expanding the complexity of typical Manichaean (i.e., Black vs White) ethnic studies, this analysis was developed within the context of tri-racial segregation as applied to rural moviegoing within Robeson County, North Carolina during the first half of the twentieth century. Notably, the development of Robeson’s historical cinema-exhibition spaces eventually resulted in a highly unusual venue – i.e., the three-entrance theatre – whose physical architecture reflected tensions between local ethnic demographics and desired social hierarchies. Yet even in the face of these unusual physical constructs, this study contends that seemingly everyday objective/descriptive and non-demonising language remained an essential component in enforcing segregation.
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Saiz, Albert. "Bricks, mortar, and proptech." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 38, no. 4 (March 23, 2020): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-10-2019-0139.
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PurposeDigital and information technologies (IT) are becoming silently pervasive in old-fashioned real estate markets. This paper focuses on three important avenues for the diffusion of IT in commercial real estate: online brokerage and sales, the commoditization of space and Fintech in mortgage and equity funding. We describe the main new markets and products created by this IT revolution. The focus is on the pioneering US market, with some attention devoted to the specific firms and institutions taking these innovations into the mainstream. We also carefully analyze the economic underpinnings from which the new technologies can expect to generate cash flows, thus becoming viable—or not. Finally, we discuss their likely impact on established players in the commercial real estate arena.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the author chooses to focus on three separate arenas where the IT revolution—sometimes referred to as Proptech, as applied to real estate—is having discernible impacts: sales and brokerage, space commoditization and online finance platforms. The author invites the reader to think seriously about the economic fundamentals that may—or may not—sustain new business models in Proptech. Real estate economists and investors alike need to be critical of new business models, especially when they are being aggressively marketed by their promoters. Trying to avoid any hype, the author provides thoughts about the likely impact of the innovations on their markets, guided by economic and finance theory, and previous experience.FindingsThe author evaluates the evolution of commercial real estate brokerage. While innovations will, no doubt, have an impact on the ways in which we buy and lease commercial properties, the lessons from the housing market should make us skeptical about the possibility of the new technologies dramatically facilitating disintermediation in this market. In fact, new oligopolies seem to be emerging with regard to market data provision.Practical implicationsProptech will change some aspects of the real estate industry, but not others!Originality/valueAs change pervades the property industry, only a relatively few research pieces are illustrating or—more importantly—providing insights about the likely economic and financial impacts of IT penetration. Similarly, only a few papers have so far addressed the economic viability of the alternative business models of tech startups targeting real estate markets and transactions.
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Barnes, David, Matthew Hinton, and Suzanne Mieczkowska. "Managing the transition from bricks-and-mortar to clicks-and-mortar: a business process perspective." Knowledge and Process Management 11, no. 3 (July 2004): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kpm.205.
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Kracher, Beverly, and Cynthia L. Corritore. "Is There a Special E-Commerce Ethics?" Business Ethics Quarterly 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq20041417.
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Abstract:The speed and degree to which e-commerce is infiltrating the very fabric of our society, faster and more pervasively than any other entity in history, makes an examination of its ethical dimensions critical. Though ethical lag has heretofore hindered our explorations of e-commerce ethics, it is now time to identify and confront them. In this paper we define e-commerce and describe the characteristics that set it apart from traditional brick and-mortar business. We then examine the ethical foundation of e-commerce, focusing on the question, “Is there a special e-commerce ethics?” Our answer is “no.” We support our answer by showing that the current issues in e-commerce ethics and brick-and-mortar business are fundamentally the same, but that e-commerce issues have different manifestations and scope. We then demonstrate that ethical principles and rules in e-commerce and brick-and-mortar business are fundamentally the same, but have different manifestations at the most specific level. We elucidate this point by discussing the use of personal information and the opt-in, opt-out debate. We conclude with a call for research on trust, a key value in the success of e-commerce.
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Tommy L White and Lionel de Souza. "Strategic imperatives for privately owned fashion boutiques in the southeast united states." Journal of Management and Science 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.12.56.
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Consumers have greater purchase choice options to fulfill their wants and desires in a networked world. In the United States fashion business, privately owned brick-and-mortar fashion boutiques face the unique challenge of strategically competing with online retailers who usually have low overheads and inventories. Low adaptability,limited innovation, and inadequate attention to a changing marketing landscape could be responsible for the decline in the survival rate of several traditional, or pure brick-and-mortar fashion boutiques. Newer approaches may be essential for traditional and online entrepreneurs, to increase adaptability and business sustainability and in increasing customer marketing outreach. Grounded in the general systems theory, the research conducted in this qualitative study was with the invocation of a multiple case design and entailed gaining insight into the exploration of strategies used by successful brick-and-mortar fashion boutique owners in contending with the purely online retailers. Semi-structured interviews constituted the means for data collection and involved 5 brickand-mortar fashion boutique owner participants, who operated retail fashion businesses in the southeast region of the United States. The successful existence of the business for more than 5 years was an important prerequisite for participation criteria in the study, as also indicated merit in studying the critical success factors in traditional fashion retailing. The data from interviews were analyzed and triangulated with credible secondary sources such as information and reports from the U. S. Small Business Administration, U. S. Census Bureau, and the fashion industry. From a thematic analysis of the interview data, the major emergent themes were the importance of the business success of marketing strategies, cognizance of fashion trends and the role of customer preference in economic success resepectively. The ensuing knowledge from the utilization of the study may serve to increase the success rates of traditional and online fashion startups and possibly provide knowledge on the strategic imperatives for these businesses to compete in an online business world.
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Siddons, Patrick. "Business and journalism: Bedfellows or mortal enemies?" Business Horizons 28, no. 5 (September 1985): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(85)90060-6.
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Salami, Nima S. "Family businesses and management information systems (MIS): Seven wise steps to become more electronically intelligent." Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar201712nss.
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Turning a brick-and-mortar family business into an E-business, would greatly pay off, and bring every manager’s dream come true, since it has the potential of creating a sustainable growth (Baltzan & Phillips, 2015). This paper will introduce the step by step guidelines for managers.
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Kristanto, Michael. "Tantangan Dan Peluang Brick And Mortar Retail Di Era E-Commerce." Akubis: Jurnal Akuntansi dan Bisnis 1, no. 01 (July 1, 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37832/akubis.v1i01.5.
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In this modern days, E-commerce having a rapid growth and becoming an important activity. E-commerce is widely considered the buying and selling of products over the internet. With a broadening product range, E-commerce will have a direct effect on bricks and mortar retail. Now the business is moving into this new services, and it will reduce net demand for future additional retail space. The paper concludes that E-commerce will have significant impacts on Bricks and Mortar Retail.
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Rosado, Santiago, Lidia Gullón, Leticia Presa, Jaime Moreno, Domingo Martín, and Jorge Costafreda. "Characterization of Ceramic and Concrete Wastes from CDW as Secondary Raw Materials for Mortar Applications." Materials Science Forum 1084 (April 13, 2023): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-1etsx4.
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The construction sector uses high quantities of raw materials and consequently the demolition sector generates huge amounts of waste. Envisioning the future of the construction sector, new Circular Economy Business Models should be implemented to contribute to the development of the sector. These Business Models will be based on innovative recycling techniques able to provide the technical requirements of the construction materials. This work aims to valorize ceramic and concrete wastes as aggregates for the mortar manufacturing. The chemical composition of these materials with high proportion of silica and very low quantities of sulfates makes them appropriate for their application. The wastes were previously crushed to the required particle size (6mm). The crushed ceramic waste presents an important fines proportion, which will increase the water consumption in the mortar mixes.
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Huang, Hong Liang, Hui Fang Zhang, Yan Fang Li, Wen Yu, and Fei Zhao. "Experimental Study of Influence of Composed Materials on Masonry Mortar’s Workability." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.117.
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In the experiment the author selected different materials, and designed 40 kinds of mixture proportions according to four strengths M5, M7.5, M10 and M15 of common masonry mortar. During a period of nearly seven months, the author has conducted all the business of every step involved in the process like trial mix, mixing, forming, form removal, curing and intensity test. Finally through analysis and comparison of Workability of masonry mortar mixture, the author looks forward to figuring out an ideal mixture pattern and its proportion between the materials within the group.
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Enders, Albrecht, and Tawfik Jelassi. "The converging business models of Internet and bricks-and-mortar retailers." European Management Journal 18, no. 5 (October 2000): 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-2373(00)00043-8.
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Abrate, Graziano, Clementina Bruno, Fabrizio Erbetta, and Giovanni Fraquelli. "Which Future for Traditional Travel Agencies? A Dynamic Capabilities Approach." Journal of Travel Research 59, no. 5 (August 22, 2019): 777–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519870250.
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The advent of the digital age seems to have displaced brick-and-mortar travel agencies. This implies that to be competitive, traditional travel agencies must reconfigure their business processes. Using the resource-based view as a theoretical paradigm predicting performance differentials, this article investigates the impact of dynamic capabilities on operational capabilities, and the way network resources, generally deriving from interfirm connections, moderate this relationship. The empirical research design uses a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis approach on a sample of traditional travel agencies. The findings, corroborated by a subsequent qualitative analysis, suggest that the dynamic capabilities unfolding from shifting the business processes from the outgoing to the incoming market segment, and from retailing to packaging tourism products, boost the competitiveness of brick-and-mortar travel agencies. However, while network resources positively support the shift from outgoing to incoming processes, they may hinder the shift from retailing to packaging processes.
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Nishikiori, Soichi, and Kunihiko Higa. "A comparative cost analysis of e-business and brick-and-mortar business based on quantitative data." International Journal of Electronic Business 11, no. 4 (2014): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeb.2014.065826.
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Karthika, S., A. Leema Rose, and G. Priyadarshini. "Sustainable Development on Ferrock Mortar Cubes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2040, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2040/1/012020.
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Abstract Concrete, after water across the world, the second most broadly utilized material involving 8-10% of all yields of CO2, is predominantly because of cement. This project ultimately aims to determine the potential use of Ferrock as an exceptional replacement for cement in concrete compared with other alternative alternatives. It is a steel-based restraining compound used to form a carbon-negative structure substance utilizing waste material absorbents. The iron residue (an iron business loss) that would end in sites somehow alongside small quantities of limestone, metakaolin, and fly ash is being used to make this an efficient substance. Our research focuses unexpectedly on their commitment to carbon dioxide contamination, energy use, water use, the ecologic impact of ordinary Portland cement and Ferrock (limestone 8%, metakaolin 12%, fly ash 20%, and iron residue 60%). By subtitling concrete with Ferrock in fluctuating proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% in solid, we attempt to find the ideal proportion of substitution, which, along with sustainability, would boost wanted outcomes for both (compressive and divided tensile). In all this proportion, the test result shows 10% is more efficient than others.
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Stephens, Paul, and Matthew McGowan. "Service Convenience." International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 7, no. 3 (July 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisss.2015070101.
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In this research, the authors assess the applicability of the SERVCON model to the e-commerce (e-service) environment in the context of student textbook purchases. Following a literature review, a survey was developed based on previous scales; items were modified to fit the e-commerce environment. The survey was administered to college students in business courses, and 281 usable responses were received. Factor analysis resulted in several items being dropped, but the six factor SERVCON model was validated in the online environment. The validated model was used to compare service convenience perceptions between students purchasing books online and students purchasing books by traditional methods (brick-and-mortar). The service convenience measures for online purchases than brick-and-mortar purchases for decision, access, benefit, transaction, and postbenefit convenience. The study validates the SERVCON model in the e-service environment, and extends work that explains consumer behavior in e-services. Traditional bookstores need to explore options to improve services in the brick-and-mortar environment. Online vendors can improve their web sites to provide better service convenience to their customers.
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Srinivasan, Raji, and Christine Moorman. "Strategic Firm Commitments and Rewards for Customer Relationship Management in Online Retailing." Journal of Marketing 69, no. 4 (October 2005): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.2005.69.4.193.
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Academic studies offer a generally positive portrait of the effect of customer relationship management (CRM) on firm performance, but practitioners question its value. The authors argue that a firm's strategic commitments may be an overlooked organizational factor that influences the rewards for a firm's investments in CRM. Using the context of online retailing, the authors consider the effects of two key strategic commitments of online retailers on the performance effect of CRM: their bricks-and-mortar experience and their online entry timing. They test the proposed model with a multimethod approach that uses manager ratings of firm CRM and strategic commitments and third-party customers' ratings of satisfaction from 106 online retailers. The findings indicate that firms with moderate bricks-and-mortar experience are better able to leverage CRM for superior customer satisfaction outcomes than firms with either low or high bricks-and-mortar experience. Likewise, firms with moderate online experience are better able to leverage CRM into superior customer satisfaction outcomes than firms with either low or high online experience. These findings help resolve disparate results about the value of CRM, and they establish the importance of examining CRM within the strategic context of the firm.
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Utomo, Bambang, Siti Aisyah Nurjannah, and Saloma. "Karakteristik Mortar Polimer Epoxy Resin Dengan Fiberglass." Cantilever: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Bidang Teknik Sipil 10, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35139/cantilever.v10i2.114.
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Nowadays, the developments of technology in construction are progressing very rapidly, one of which is mortar without using cement material. This encourages the development of concrete and mortar technology so that it can be widely used to repair structural or non-structural damages. In these conditions, a binder is needed in the form of an epoxy resin polymer with added fiberglass to get a strong material result in a short time. A mixture of 75% sand and 25% epoxy resin from the volume of the test object resulted a mortar compressive strength of 35.50 MPa with a specific gravity of 1.505 kg/m3. The results showed that the variation of the compressive strength of the epoxy resin mortar without fiber was higher than the variation with fiberglass. This was due to the addition of fiberglass reducing the composition of the percentage of epoxy resin which results in reduced bonding power in the mixture. The flexural strength of a mortar with variations using fiberglass was 8 MPa and showed the best performance, although the difference was not too far from the variation without fiberglass. This was because the addition of fiberglass can reduce cracks, so that the fibers can bind well. The tests had been carried out including tests of the compressive strength, flexural strength, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
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Kneese, Tamara. "Keep it Oakland: e-commerce meets social justice." Media, Culture & Society 44, no. 2 (October 7, 2021): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01634437211048342.
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This article examines the labor involved with the upkeep of social media accounts for Oakland-based brick-and-mortar boutiques and their digital storefronts, particularly as businesses move their wares online during shelter-in-place amid the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Focusing on independent shops in Oakland, California, particularly those which are part of Oakland’s Indie Alliance – a coalition of independent small business owners – this article explores the role of shop workers in producing the authentic aesthetics of themselves and store accounts as a replacement for brick-and-mortar shops. How do small-scale shop owners and clerks make platforms, which were not designed with their needs in mind, work for them? How does sellers’ performance of the local interface with a global digital marketplace and platform infrastructures? In what ways do existing racial hierarchies and structural inequalities affect shop personnel’s experiences of platforms and apps meant to facilitate business transactions? I focus on the Oakland Indie Alliance’s Covid Recovery and Repair funds, which employ social media and crowdfunding platforms or payment apps to provide assistance to local businesses, particularly those which are BIPOC and/or immigrant owned, connecting commercial and social justice oriented goals.
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Ge, Dongdong, Luhui Hu, Bo Jiang, Guangjun Su, and Xiaole Wu. "Intelligent site selection for bricks-and-mortar stores." Modern Supply Chain Research and Applications 1, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mscra-03-2019-0010.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to achieve intelligent superstore site selection. Yonghui Superstores partnered with Cardinal Operations to incorporate a tremendous amount of site-related information (e.g. points of interest, population density and features, distribution of competitors, transportation, commercial ecosystem, existing own-store network) into its store site optimization. Design/methodology/approach This paper showcases the integration of regression, optimization and machine learning approaches in site selection, which has proven practical and effective. Findings The result was the development of the “Yonghui Intelligent Site Selection System” that includes three modules: business district scoring, intelligent site engine and precision sales forecasting. The application of this system helps to significantly reduce the labor force required to visit and investigate all potential sites, circumvent the pitfalls associated with possibly biased experience or intuition-based decision making and achieve the same population coverage as competitors while needing only half the number of stores as its competitors. Originality/value To our knowledge, this project is among the first to integrate regression, optimization and machine learning approaches in site selection. There is innovation in optimization techniques.
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Suvittawat, Adisak. "Influential Factors on Business Operation Sustainability of Entrepreneurs." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.300349.
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The purpose of his study is to determine the factors that influence the sustainability of entrepreneurial business operations in the Lower Northeastern Area of Thailand, across varies industries. We followed the marketing mix (5P) model exploring product perspective, price perspective, distribution channel, promotion perspective and people perspective and their influence on entrepreneurial business operations sustainability. There was a strong emphasize on the quality and quantity of products provided as well as uniqueness of the products and services developed by the entrepreneurs. Price was less important as long as it was competitive. Location was the most important factor when it came to distribution channel especially for service businesses. Online businesses were slowly developing. Customers preferred brick and mortar family businesses with knowledgeable and friendly entrepreneurs who are service oriented. People make the difference in the sustainability of entrepreneurial operations.
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Gallego Domínguez, Ignacio. "Relevo generacional y transmisión “mortis causa” de la empresa familiar en el Derecho español." Revista Electrónica de Direito 22, no. 2 (June 2020): 34–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2182-9845_2020-0002_0003.
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The most crucial challenge for family businesses is the transfer to the next generation. It affects both the leadership and the ownership of the enterprise, whether individual or corporate. Transferring the ownership of the organization at the time of the death of the owner, raises important questions in the Spanish Civil Code system, in which inheritance contracts are not allowed, and there are rigid forced heirship provisions, which limit the testator's freedom. The correct and appropriate transmission of the family business requires adequate planning, which must lead to write a will -to avoid intestacy-, and make use of those special mechanisms that contemplate the payment of the forced heirship with money outside the state, as well as those others allowed in Spanish law that help to channel the phenomenon. Succession planning also requires being vigilant to comply with the legal requirements for obtaining benefits in inheritance tax.
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Raja.R, Dr Thirumalai, CH Sandeep Reddy, M. Phani chaitanya, G. John Devaraju, G. Rohini Kumar, SK Althaf, and N. Liyaz. "Performance of Geopolymer Concrete with Combined Use of Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2023.10.2.16.
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From the beginning, binders such as red mud mortar, lime mortar, cement mortar, etc., played a major role. It has been found that the production of cement increases the quantity of uncontrollable CO2 emissions. Another adhesive that can be used in place of cement is geopolymer. Because geopolymer concrete may reduce carbon emissions, the concrete business could grow sustainably and prosper as a result. This technology has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions from the construction sector by up to 80%. To make the binder for geo polymer concrete, alkaline solutions are used to activate sources of materials rich in silica (Si) and aluminium (Al), such as fly ash, GGBS, etc. Geopolymer-made concrete includes no cement at all. In this study, we attempted to determine the compressive strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete using various molarities of 8M, 10M, and 12M along with Sodium Silicate solution. The alkaline activators used were Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOH), and combination of both (50%NaOH + 50%KOH). To achieve the highest pH value for better mechanical and durability characteristics, chemical analysis is done. After 7 and 28 days of age, the Compression and Permeability experiments were conducted. The GPC's strength and durability characteristics were contrasted with those of conventional concrete.
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Liu, Yujie, and Xi Deng. "Building A Brick-and-mortar Communications Retail Business Model from A Value Chain Perspective." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 8, no. 3 (April 20, 2023): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v8i3.7456.
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As China's economy picks up and the demand for consumer upgrading continues to rise, the telecommunications retail industry has huge potential and opportunities for development. Based on the value chain perspective, this paper selects Xunjie Communications Group as the research object, uses the nine-factor canvas model as the analysis tool, and proposes a new analysis factor of "internal competition" in the context of enterprise development. Finally, this paper proposes recommendations to enhance the level of independent innovation, improve the level of supply chain management, expand business line diversification, and expand the focus on sinking markets, to provide a business model reconstruction path and specific strategies for communication retail enterprises.
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Khan, Abdullah. "Influence of Residential Internet Access and Patented Innovation on U.S. Non-store Retail Industries’ Employment." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2023): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.108.15275.
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This paper studies employment trends of the U.S. nonstore retail industries at multi-jurisdictional levels (States, Census Regions, Census Division, and the nation) for years 2001 through 2021. The nonstore retail industry is a growing subsector of the overall retail industry. With no or skeletal ‘brick- and-mortar presence’, nonstore retailers are poised for leveraging information and communication technologies and innovations from the inception of their business operations. With the need for scaling up in the backdrop of limited or zero ‘on-site’ customer-interactions, the nonstore retailers are inclined to find novel ways to interact and transact with existing and prospective customers. As more and more brick-and-mortar stores begin to offer electronic shopping opportunities from their web-based stores, traditional nonstore retailers face steeper competition. Utilizing panel data regressions this paper explores marginal impacts of residential internet access, patented innovations, and other fiscal and macroeconomic variables on nonstore retail industry (NAICS Code 454). The regression results suggest that residential internet access is a positive influence on both nonstore retail employment and number of nonstore retail entities. The results also suggest that utility patents and design patents are positive factors for growth of nonstore retail industry’s employment and business entities.
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Abhishek and Harshit Garg. "Samsung Electronics in India: Challenges of Multi-Channel Retailing." Asian Case Research Journal 22, no. 01 (June 2018): 81–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927518500049.
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On September 9, 2014, Samsung Electronics announced the launch of the Samsung Galaxy S5 Mini and stated that the model was to be retailed exclusively through flipkart.com, India’s leading online retailer. Retailing experts expected the Galaxy S5 Mini’s launch announcement to further hurt Samsung Electronics’ relationship with brick and mortar retailers who were not happy with the company’s policy of selling through e-tailers. This was followed by another announcement by Samsung on September 18, 2014, in which the company, due to mounting pressure from brick-and-mortar retailers, conveyed its decision to extend exclusivity on selling rights of 48 models, including its much-awaited Galaxy Alpha and Note 4, to offline retailers. This move was also criticized by experts who predicted e-tailing to be the future of retailing. This case traces the predicament of Samsung Electronics for selling its products using multiple channels.
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Kwadade-Cudjoe, Francis. "Consumer Trust in B2C Ecommerce Strategy for Contemporary Business Transaction is Paramount for Sustaining the Emerging Commerce Market. Indicate the Similarities and Differences Between Traditional and Ecommerce Markets and Provide the Conduct of Consumer Trust Across Cultures, Globally." Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence 10, no. 5 (September 29, 2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tmlai.105.13170.
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E-Commerce has been going on since Netscape.com introduced the idea in 1995 when www was invented. Businesses / consumers that have been immersed in e-commerce transaction have reaped the benefits associated with such technological break-through, as consumers sit at comfort of their homes to transact business. However, the impediment that has hindered other businesses / consumers to transform to this technological business approach has been the trust associated with carrying out business; consumer trust across global cultures has been contentious. Authors, including Hofstede, Gefen et al. and Greenberg et al. have done research on culture differences across the globe and how these differences could affect behaviours towards accepting e-commerce for transacting business. There is therefore, the need for a global digital guideline / policy to protect all consumers and businesses that trade on the internet. Such a policy would hopefully allay the fears amongst nations’ cultures having difficulty in imbibing this wholesome technological advancement for enhanced business transaction. Conducting business transaction through brick-and-mortar approach is archaic and cumbersome and should be faded out completely.
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Linh, Dinh Hong, Nguyen Dac Dung, Le Minh Tu, Ho Ngoc Son, and Aaron Kingsbury. "The Responses of Consumers to the Online Ordering and Delivery of Meals by Restaurants During COVID-19." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 19, no. 3 (July 2021): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2021070105.
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As COVID-19 has become more widespread in Vietnam, the government has taken preventative measures including mandating social distancing and closing brick-and-mortar businesses considered unessential. To maintain operations, many restaurants have converted their business models to providing delivery sales via online platforms. This article focuses on understanding exactly why customers order meals online from restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic and introduces a theoretical model for these developments centered on individual self-protective behavior as a response to the crisis.
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Kim Man, Mandy Mok, and Lim Rui Yang. "The Future Prospect of Digital Marketing in the Malaysian Context." International Business Research 15, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n1p72.
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Under the globalization trend, digital marketing is part of the digitalization practices in the business world. Many organisations, companies and firms have practised digital marketing in their businesses, to start, explore or expand their markets. Digital marketing enables companies to achieve marketing objectives with digital technologies. In the advanced countries, such as US, UK, Japan, Australia, Singapore, etc., many organizations and industrial practitioners have implemented digital marketing practises that have changed from brick and mortar to online business channels. Like other forms of marketing channels, digital marketing has its benefits and pitfalls. This paper discusses the threats and opportunities, problems and challenges faced when promoting and expanding digital types of business and digital marketing in Malaysia, such as education, government policies, public awareness and users’ data protection. This paper shed some light on the importance and development of digital marketing in the Malaysian context and, the discussion outcomes raise further awareness and attention of companies to implement digital marketing in their business activities.
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Amoah, Joseph Amankwah. "Global consolidation of industries and business failures: insights from brick-and-mortar and online outlets." International Journal of Comparative Management 1, no. 2 (2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcm.2018.093247.
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Amankwah Amoah, Joseph. "Global consolidation of industries and business failures: insights from brick-and-mortar and online outlets." International Journal of Comparative Management 1, no. 2 (2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcm.2018.10014359.
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Frew, Dean. "There is Hope for Brick and Mortar Retail: A Time to Transform the Business Model." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 6, no. 4 (October 2017): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2017.2717118.
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Goel, Vanshika, Divya Bhalla, Tanish Bhardwaj, and Sakshi Bansal. "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Electronic Commerce User’s Behaviour." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2022.0901004.
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The worldwide coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has rendered establishing business extremely challenging. As international borders collapse, brick-and-mortar shops lock their doors, and consumers are advised to stay home alone, enterprises are faced with a number of new issues. With personnel facing seasons of financial uncertainty and anxieties, several enterprises are considering temporary or even permanent closure. Massive changes in consumer behavior had to be made right away. People in isolation or on lockdown are unable to go about their normal business because nearby stores were compelled to close their doors for everyone's protection. This study aims to investigate the effects of COVID-19's scope on Indian e-commerce companies. This study investigates if the coronavirus caused an increase in e-commerce.
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Ilavarasi, F. Ashwith, and Dr Rani J. "A Study on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in E-Recruitment in IT Industries Chennai." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43145.
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Abstract: In the competitive world Diligence, collet the accurate data and anatomized the collected data for the use of companies growth and daily working is essential. Artificial Intelligence helps the assiduity to work in briskly way and effective way to complete the work. Artificial Intelligence is entering into colourful department like mortal resource department, finance department, marketing and product department. With using AI system Association can suitable to inform the being performance and day-to-day functions. In business pressure has been adding, tough directors understood the significance of artificial intelligence at plant. The exploration paper is descriptive in nature. The experimenter was used secondary data where the data was collected from exploration papers, publications, websites, HR blogs, check reports etc. The core Ideal of the study was examine the part of artificial intelligence in mortal resource department and understand the challenges in HR department. The exploration study has concluded that a part of AI is larger into colourful functions carried out in mortal resource department where by robotics companies can handle reclamation, hiring, as saying the data, colleting the data, reducing workload at plant and enriching Plant effectiveness. Keyword: Artificial Intelligence, Machine languages, mortal resource operation
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Raju, Roshan, Sagar Bhadange, and Sandip Rakshit. "FirstCry: A Hybrid Store Strategy Creating Big Wonders!" Asian Journal of Management Cases 18, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09728201211027392.
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On May 17, 2010, Supam Maheshwari and Amitava Saha founded BrainBees Solution with a seed capital of US$39.01 million, which led to the launch of the e-commerce site FirstCry.com. An online e-commerce website that offers all kinds of baby and kids-focused products from diaper pins to strollers. The global and Indian baby care market has seen huge growth in the last few years. It is estimated that by the year 2020, the projected growth of this market will be over 17%. The rising birth rate and disposable income of young parents have also favoured the growth of baby care products. In a country like India, the mortar and brick stores held the major share of the baby care products market. Supam Maheshwari was in the midst of a major decision, but he was faced with some questions. Would he be able to design a unique hybrid model? Would this model help them compete with mortar and brick stores? Would FirstCry be able to build an ecosystem to provide solutions to parents? What strategy should FirstCry adapt for long-term success?
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Lefebvre, Louis, Luc Cassivi, and Élisabeth Lefebvre. "E-Commerce Transition Model for Supply Chain Management." Journal on Chain and Network Science 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2001): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2001.x003.
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The creation of Internet-based companies is changing the way business is being carried out and increasing the pressure on traditional firms, which now need to adapt to the new challenges brought about by the so-called digital economy. Successful electronic commerce activities depend on the partners involved in the product or service being delivered. Firms able to communicate with their partners electronically for procurement, sales, or supply chain management have become what many call clicks-and-mortar companies. An empirically based technological model that helps organizations understand the requirements of moving towards the seamless integration of intra-and inter-organizational processes is proposed. This five-wave transitional model accompanies key decision-makers through progressive steps that correspond to different business-to-business e-commerce needs and specifications. As organizations move along these technological waves, we can witness the gradual opening-up of new opportunities for carrying out business. This paper presents the model, its requirements and its technological and organizational underpinnings. The model is illustrated with examples from organizations in a major industrial sector.
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Chakraborty, Jayjit, Archana Sharma, and Gairik Das. "Why do Consumers Shop Online? An Analytical Study on Food and Grocery Segment in West Bengal." International Journal of Management and Development Studies 11, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v11n10.001.
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Due to the Internet's proliferation and the globalisation of trade, retail has become a highly competitive and fast-paced industry. The expansion of the Internet has made it possible for a new kind of store to open, and it has also compelled traditional stores to think about adopting an online-only strategy. Due to the radical nature of the shift from brick-and-mortar to online retail, stores should think twice before committing to a new e-commerce strategy. The business model of online retail is not limited by traditional store hours or geographic location, and it may serve markets across an entire country for a relatively low outlay of resources. For these and other reasons, online shopping has quickly become an alternative to traditional brick-and-mortar stores. The present paper seeks to demystify the factors, influencing consumer online shopping behaviour in the food and grocery segment, in the state of West Bengal. Availability and Affordability, Convenience and Trust, Quality of Service, Motivation to Buy, Flexibility and Responsiveness, Perceived Risk, Product Attributes, have been identified as the key factors, influencing adoption of online food and grocery shopping.
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Khaskheli, Asadullah, Yun Jun, and Miraj Ahmed Bhuiyan. "M-Commerce and Mobile Apps: Opportunities for SMEs in Developing Countries." Journal of International Business Research and Marketing 2, no. 2 (2017): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.22.3003.
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From Uber to Airbnb mobile apps are changing the ways business is done and opening numerous new avenues for business and creating new markets. Technology has made asset sharing a reality, leading to efficient utilization of resources at costs much lower than were thought possible. Markets are becoming more interconnected and communication is vitally ingrained in our business transactions. The current research paper is a review of current concepts in M-commerce and Mobile Applications. In the paper M-commerce is defined as a part of e-commerce. The conclusion suggests that M-commerce depends significantly on e-commerce technologies. Technology adoption is becoming more affordable as well as a necessity to survive in today’s ultra-competitive business environment. Only brick and mortar or businesses without presence on the internet would be at a big disadvantage and may even close down sooner than later. Flexibility characteristic of SME business makes it easier to make a decision on a large scale, such as new technology adoption, modifying or even revamping an existing business process to meet market demands and avail existing or potential opportunities. M-Commerce, therefore, holds great benefits for SMEs to grow their revenues greatly by being available at the fingertips of millions of potential buyers around the world.
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Oliver, Amy J. "Internet Pharmacies: Regulation of a Growing Industry." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 28, no. 1 (2000): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2000.tb00328.x.
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Industry analysts estimate that Internet pharmacies will generate $1.4 billion in prescription drug sales by 2001 and over $15 billion by 2004. The recent rush by traditional brick and mortar pharmacies either to partner with existing Internet pharmacies or to create their own web counterparts illustrates the increasing importance of business on the Internet. Last summer, retail pharmacy giant CVS acquired the Internet pharmacy soma.com and changed its name to reflect the new ownership. Early this year, in another key industry move, Walgreen's launched an upgraded, full-service Internet pharmacy in order to compete more successfully in the pharmacy industry.
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Hracs, Brian J., and Johan Jansson. "Death by streaming or vinyl revival? Exploring the spatial dynamics and value-creating strategies of independent record shops in Stockholm." Journal of Consumer Culture 20, no. 4 (December 6, 2017): 478–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540517745703.
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The contemporary retail landscape is in flux, and there is a growing perception that shopping at bricks and mortar stores is more expensive and time-consuming than shopping online. For music, illegal downloading and streaming have restructured the retail landscape and put thousands of record shops out of business. Yet, some retailers remain attractive consumption spaces. Drawing on a qualitative case study of independent record shops in Stockholm, this article considers three value-creating strategies that sustain these physical retailers in the digital age: cultivating in-store consumer experiences, creating value through curation, and tapping into global markets by going online.
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Hoops, Daniel S. "Lost in Cyberspace." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 10, no. 1 (January 2012): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2012010103.
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Daily business transactions are effected by many aspects of the law, many unknowingly. When transactions occur in an e-commerce environment, merchants, consumers, and B2B should be concerned with protecting their interests when many of the parties involved are known only by a screen name, email address or website. Parties engaged in transactions through the Internet should be mindful that the same issues that arise in a brick and mortar environment exist in cyberspace; but protecting and enforcing the various rights a person may have in cyberspace is a different ballgame. In addition to the practical concerns of global and cyber commerce, many of business issues and practices are relatively untested in both the legislative and judicial branches of government. This article is a summary of the legal issues that can arise in the e-commerce.
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Dekimpe, Marnik G., Inge Geyskens, and Katrijn Gielens. "Using technology to bring online convenience to offline shopping." Marketing Letters 31, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-019-09508-5.
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AbstractIn spite of the growing success of the online channel, brick-and-mortar stores can continue to play a pivotal role in consumers’ shopper journey. We discuss how technology can be a key enabler by allowing physical stores to offer the level of convenience consumers have become used to in the online channel.
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Ahmed Khan, Tanveer, Samin Arman Khan, Shadatul Haque, and Md Fahad Been Ayub. "A Study on the Prospect of the Cloud Kitchen Model in Dhaka." International Journal of Business and Management 18, no. 1 (November 29, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v18n1p46.
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This study looks at the prospect of the Cloud Kitchen Model (CKM) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cloud kitchen is a centralized commercial food production facility with no dine-in facility. The study first identified the existing perceptions and expectations of the critical stakeholders for whom the CKM can potentially bring competitive advantages over traditional brick-and-mortar-based models. The target audiences for this study are consumers of online food delivery systems, traditional restaurant owners, potential CKM restaurant owners, and industry experts. To perform this mix-method based study, the researchers conducted surveys along with Focused Group Discussions and In-depth Interviews targeted to various stakeholders such as consumers, restaurant owners, and industry experts besides utilizing secondary data sources. Most respondents know about cloud kitchens, and primarily most of them heard from social media, but mere knowledge of the CKM does not influence their ordered food preference. The only time consumers showed a greater preference for CKM over traditional brick-and-mortar models is when the comparison comes mostly in terms of price, quality, and packaging. As per the results of this study, for the restaurant ecosystem of Dhaka, CKM offers a narrow sales prospect for the next three years even though it offers Value Added Tax (VAT) benefits in general. Existing restaurant owners perceived immediate additional capital requirements, other than their available capital in hand for running their existing restaurants at the moment, as a barrier towards entering the cloud kitchen business and thus stopping the adoption of CKM in the next three years even though they are interested to initiate CKM. It is recommended that those who want to start a CKM business should proceed with a robust business model and can look for angel investors or venture capitalists to secure funds and add experts to the business while prioritizing their marketing activities. CKM-based restaurants should utilize social media platforms to build a positive brand image. Finally, CKM-based restaurants should focus on consumer needs through customized platforms (e.g., their own delivery media and websites) and emphasize employee retention through proper employee training and benefits.
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Rao, Prakash H. Narayan, Nitin Simha Vihari, and Shazi Shah Jabeen. "Reimagining the Fashion Retail Industry Through the Implications of COVID-19 in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries." FIIB Business Review 10, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23197145211039580.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the fashion retail industry. The Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC) is the home of family-centric shopping malls and brick and mortar stores (B&M). This article aims to provide a critical look at the business strategies which the fashion retail companies need to adopt to provide consumers with an integrated online and B&M service which will be essential to survive in the post-pandemic business environment. This article is based on the rich industry experience of the authors and extensive secondary research on the business strategies being employed by the leading fashion retailers in the GCC region to combat the pandemic disruption. The study highlights the importance of a comprehensive rethink on business strategy for the GCC fashion retailers with adoption of digitalization technologies and an adaptive supply chain as the pillars to survive the post-pandemic normal of business environments. The study concludes with a look to the future strategies for fashion retailers in developing a digitalization blueprint, using cloud technologies and big data analytics, leveraging social media, building an agile and adaptive supply chain with omnichannel capability, and ensuring that future products and services are sustainable and socially responsible.
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Sharma, Shalaghya, and Anjani K. Singh. "Sink or Swim — The Fate of a Retail Family Business." Asian Case Research Journal 23, no. 02 (December 2019): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021892751950007x.
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The case highlights the challenges faced by retail businesses all over the world in the e-commerce era. Mr. Divyanshu Soni, a third-generation entrepreneur, is facing the daunting task of reviving his family business. Basant Radio is an electronic showroom dealing in sales of televisions and radios in the last 63 years. The previous generations had their fair share of challenges and their understanding and business acumen had helped Basant Radio become one of the most popular stores across the city and nearby areas. Recently, the sales had dipped dramatically following certain business decisions that had gone wrong. Moreover, advent of the online era had distracted customers away from the existing brick and mortar stores. Divyanshu was worried that the business was faltering because of consumers’ preference of e-commerce sites which offer unbeatable prices. His fear was not unfounded as e-commerce is affecting the sales of physical stores all over the world. The Indian e-commerce market is expected to cross US$50 billion by the year 2018. E-commerce is most popular in the case of the electronics market. The case highlights a number of options available to the entrepreneurs that may help in keeping the business afloat.
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Aryanto, Vincent Didiek Wiet, and Agnes Advensia Chrismastuti. "Model for Digital Economy in Indonesia." International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jide.2011040104.
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This study introduces the early development of digital economy in Indonesia. e-Business activity is growing at an unprecedented rate in Indonesia as indicated by the number of online real time transactions (Real Time Gross Settlement) recorded by Bank Indonesia (Indonesian Central Bank), the emergence of dotcom companies, and the use of ICT in conventional business (a combination of brick & mortar with click/online). Research was conducted by investigating the digital activities of businesses. Unfortunately out of the 109 businesses approached, response rate was very poor with only 30 responding (27%). This is not uncommon in Indonesia for a variety of reasons. Results from the four variables utilized in this study, e-Distribution Channels, Value Creation, Online Products & Services, and Online Infrastructures, indicate that the development of digital economy in Indonesia is still in its early stages due to a number of encountered obstacles.
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Liu, Min. "E-Commerce Capability: An Assessment of the Facilitators by Chinese Firms." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.463.
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Drawing upon IT (Information Technology) diffusion theory, this study developed a research model for studying e-commerce capability at firm level, incorporating 6 factors. The model examined the influence of the six factors and two control variables on e-commerce capability measured as aggregation of function-based business processes implemented electronically in value chain from a business process perspective. Data gathered from 236 traditional brick-and-mortar firms in China were employed to validate the model using statistical analysis approach. Hypotheses were designed and tested, and facilitators and their contributions to e-commerce capability were identified. The results suggested that four factors and two control variables tended to be the facilitators shaping e-commerce capability, while production size did not appear to influence e-commerce capability significantly. The results and findings help to facilitate e-commerce deployment, and provide theoretical foundations for future research.
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Solaimani, Sam, Tijl van Eck, Henk Kievit, and Kitty Koelemeijer. "An exploration of the applicability of Lean Startup in small non-digital firms: an effectuation perspective." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 28, no. 9 (July 7, 2022): 198–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-04-2021-0270.
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PurposeLean Startup (LS) has gained considerable traction in the startup scene, especially within digital firms where the concept finds the concept's genesis. However, there are more and more calls in the entrepreneurship literature to study LS's application beyond the digital context. The purpose of this study is to explore the applicability of LS within the largely under-researched context of non-digital entrepreneurs. To structure the authors' understanding of the participating entrepreneurs' cognitive and behavioural logic, effectuation theory is applied.Design/methodology/approachTo explore how LS is applied in non-digital settings, this study analyses the LS approach of 15 Dutch brick-and-mortar and click-and-mortar Small to Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) and startups.FindingsThis study provides empirical evidence that non-digital entrepreneurs pursue an effectual logic in their LS approach. However, the entrepreneurs' LS approach appeared to be contextualised to the non-digital contexts' inherent constraints and trade-offs. Such contextualisation calls for a particular set of skills and competencies, including applying mixed-methods cross-validation, affinity and passion for craftsmanship and aesthetics, inferring from limited, qualitative, and often skewed data, establishing an empathetic collaborative relationship with customers and suppliers, and leveraging prior market knowledge and experience.Originality/valueThis study advances the current understanding of the LS applicability and gives a more nuanced account of how LS is practised in the context of non-digital firms, the challenges entrepreneurs involved in non-digital firms need to overcome, and the skills and competencies they need to possess. In practical terms, the findings help non-digital entrepreneurs and coaches to be more heedful of the contextual peculiarities when employing LS.