Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Morphometric analysis'
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Mapp, J. "Morphometric otolith analysis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59388/.
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Fish otoliths have long played an important role in sustainable fisheries management. Stock assessment models currently used rely on species specific age profiles obtained from the seasonal patterns of growth marks that otoliths exhibit. We compare methods widely used in fisheries science (elliptical Fourier) with an industry standardised encoding method (MPEG7 - Curvature-Scale-Space) and with a recent addition to shape modelling techniques (time-series shapelets) to determine which performs best. An investigation is carried out into transform methods that retain size-information, and whether the boundary encoding method is impacted be otolith age, performing tests over three 2-class otolith datasets across six discrete and concurrent age groups. Impact of segmentation methods are assessed to determine whether automated or expert segmented methods of boundary extraction are more advantageous, and whether constructed classifiers can be used at different institutions. Tests show that neither time-series shaplets nor Curvature-Scale-Space methods offer any real advantage over Fourier transform methods given mixed age datasets. However, we show that size indices are most indicative of fisheries stock in younger single-age datasets, with shape holding more discriminatory potential in older samples. Whilst commonly used Fourier transform methods generally return best results; we show that classification of otolith boundaries is impacted by the method of boundary segmentation. Hand traced boundaries produce classifiers more robust to test data segmentation methods and are more suited to distributed classifiers. Additionally we present a proof of concept study showing that high energy synchrotron scans are a new, non-invasive method of modelling internal otolith structure, allowing comparison of slices along near infinite numbers of virtual complex planes.
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Kim, Jieun. "Automatic morphometric analysis of neural cells." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251678.
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González, Ballester Miguel Ángel. "Morphometric analysis of brain structures in MRI." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9b70d5d7-5a38-454c-b545-696b726092b8.
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Medical computer vision is a novel research discipline based on the application of computer vision methods to data sets acquired via medical imaging techniques. This work focuses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data sets, particularly in studies of schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis. Research on these diseases is challenged by the lack of appropriate morphometric tools to accurately quantify lesion growth, assess the effectiveness of a drug treatment, or investigate anatomical information believed to be evidence of schizophrenia. Thus, most hypotheses involving these conditions remain unproven. This thesis contributes towards the development of such morphometric techniques. A framework combining several tools is established, allowing for compensation of bias fields, boundary detection by modelling partial volume effects (PVE), and a combined statistical and geometrical segmentation method. Most importantly, it also allows for the computation of confidence bounds in the location of the object being segmented by bounding PVE voxels. Bounds obtained in such fashion encompass a significant percentage of the volume of the object (typically 20-60%). A statistical model of the intensities contained in PVE voxels is used to provide insight into the contents of PVE voxels and further narrow confidence bounds. This not only permits a reduction by an order of magnitude in the width of the confidence intervals, but also establishes a statistical mechanism to obtain probability distributions on shape descriptors (e.g. volume), instead of just a raw magnitude or a set of confidence bounds. A challenging clinical study is performed using these tools: to investigate differences in asymmetry of the temporal horns in schizophrenia. This study is of high clinical relevance. The results show that our tools are sufficiently accurate for studies of this kind, thus providing clinicians, for the first time, with the means to corroborate unproven hypotheses or reliably assess patient evolution.
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Dangata, Yohanna Yanshiyi. "Morphometric analysis of the mammalian optic nerve." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21185.
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Studies were carried out on the optic nerve of a variety of inbred strains and their F1 hybrids. The postnatal development of a variety of different age groups was also analysed to provide baseline data as part of a study to determine the teratogenic effect of prenatal exposure to alcohol on the postnatal development of the optic nerve in this species. Furthermore, the optic nerve from adult Small eye (Sey) mice was analysed to determine the effects of the Sey gene mutation on the optic nerve of the mouse. Parameters analysed were mean cross-sectional area (csa), mean myelinated nerve fibre count, mean myelinated nerve fibre density and myelinated nerve fibre spectrum. Intra-strain and inter-strain comparisons of these parameters were carried out. Developmental events such as the onset and progression of myelinogenesis were also examined. The findings indicated that there was neither a significant difference in any of the parameters studied between the left and the right optic nerves nor evidence of sexual dimorphism within any of the strains studied, although, a significant degree of inter-strain variation was noted. As has previously been reported, the mouse is similar to other rodents and most primates in that the nerve fibres in the adult optic nerve are all myelinated. These fibres are unimodally distributed (i.e. having only one peak) along the nerve fibre diameter spectrum, which is also positively skewed (i.e. skewing is to the right in favour of the large diameter fibres). However, in the mouse, the mean myelinated nerve fibre count is lower than that reported in all primates so far studied, and the spectrum of distribution of the nerve fibres is narrower. During postnatal development, the optic nerve in the mouse grows rapidly during the early part of the juvenile period (first three postnatal weeks).
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Walker, Andrew Curtis. "A morphometric analysis of the geomorphology of Florida's springs." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001679.
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Al, Shahrani Ibrahim Sulaiman A. "3D geometric morphometric analysis of tooth shape in hypodontia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1464.
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Assessment of tooth morphology is essential in the diagnosis and management of hypodontia patients. Several techniques have been used to quantify tooth shape in hypodontia patients and these have revealed smaller tooth dimensions and anomalous tooth shapes in these patients when compared with controls. However, previous studies have mainly used 2D images and have thus provided limited information. The present study adopted a novel three-dimensional geometric morphometric technique to quantify the crown morphology and sizes of teeth of hypodontia patients and compare them with those of control patients. Allometric variations were also investigated in order to determine whether there was any association between the size and shape of teeth. Landmarks were recorded on each clinical crown of all the permanent teeth, apart from third molars, of 3D scanned study models of hypodontia and control subjects. The study sample comprised 120 hypodontia patients (40 patients with mild, 40 with moderate and 40 with severe hypodontia) and 40 age- and sex-matched controls. Procrustes superimposition was utilized to scale and superimpose the landmark coordinate data and were then subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, shape differences were tested statistically using multivariate statistics. Size variation was for the most part found to be significant, especially when the control subjects were compared to the hypodontia groups. The anterior teeth were more affected than the posterior. Generally speaking, the size differences became greater as the severity of the hypodontia increased. The pattern was virtually the same for both sexes. With regard to shape, most teeth were affected by the hypodontia, although the pattern was less clear. When allometry was taken into account, the pattern of size/shape relationship was found to be significant for most teeth, particularly in the anterior region, and shape differences were still significant after controlling, when possible, for allometry. It was found that the degree of variation in tooth shape was associated with the degree of severity of the hypodontia. The findings of the study therefore indicate that quantitative measurement of the tooth shape in hypodontia patients may enhance the multidisciplinary management of those patients.
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Savriama, Yoland. "Geometric morphometric methods for analysis of complex symmetric structures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491861.
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Bilateral symmetry is the simplest and most common type of symmetry in organisms and for this reason it has been extensively studied in many biological contexts. Geometric morphometrics is concerned with the quantification of morphological variation in organisms and has been specifically developed for studies of symmetry and asymmetry. Most studies of symmetry have focused on bilaterally symmetric structures (e.g., human faces). However, bilateral symmetry is not the only type of symmetry in biological shapes and other types of symmetry exist as well (e.g., radial symmetry in flowers). So far, there are no general methods for morphological analysis of these types of symmetry. Here, I propose a new and general approach for norphological analysis of structures with any type of symmetry. This framework combines the tools of geometric morphometries with a mathematical definition of symmetry. Depending on the type of symmetry under study, this method can separate a component of symmetric variation among individuals from one or more asymmetry components.
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Gause, Austin R. J., Lance D. Jessee, and Blaine W. Schubert. "Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Intervertebral Variation in Colubrid Snakes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/199.
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Snake vertebrae are common throughout the Cenozoic fossil record, but identification of isolated vertebrae often proves difficult due to inter- and intra-columnar variability. Most fossil identifications are based on comparisons with disarticulated modern specimens, with a focus on mid-trunk vertebrae. One focus of this study was to determine the necessity of identifying a true mid-trunk vertebra prior to identification and to develop a method of locating the columnar position of an isolated vertebra for both modern and fossil identifications. Colubrid genera Farancia and Heterodon were chosen for the analysis because they share distinct morphological similarities, articulated modern specimens were available, and fossil species in these genera need to be reassessed. Every third pre-cloacal vertebra was selected from each specimen to undergo geometric morphometric analysis on its anterior face. Relative warp analyses detailed the inter-columnar variation of each specimen and found that the only significant difference in the column was between the anterior most vertebrae, which are already identifiable, and the remainder of the pre-cloacal vertebrae. Despite concern, the convention of using mid-trunk vertebrae for identification may prove accurate for these genera. Due to Farancia and Heterodon’s vertebral similarities, a discriminant function analysis was utilized to distinguish the two genera from one another. To evaluate this method’s utility in paleontology, vertebrae of two extinct species, Heterodon brevis and Paleofarancia brevispinosus, will undergo identical morphometric and discriminant analyses. This study also emphasizes the need for more modern snake skeletons in collections and the necessity of stringing the vertebral column prior to disarticulation.
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Jackson, Illiam. "Morphometric analysis of Cambrian fossils and its evolutionary significance." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Paleobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319487.
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The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) is currently emerging as a theoretical alternative to the Modern Synthesis (MS) in which to frame evolutionary observations and interpretations. These alternative frameworks differ fundamentally in their understanding of the relative roles of the genotype, phenotype, development and environment in evolutionary processes and patterns. While the MS represents a gene-centred view of evolution, the EES instead emphasizes the interactions between organism, development and environment. This novel theoretical framework has generated a number of evolutionary predictions that are mutually incompatible with the equivalent of the MS. While research and empirical testing has begun on a number of these in a neontological context, the field of palaeontology has yet to contribute meaningfully to this endeavour. One of the reasons for this is a lack of methodological approaches capable of investigating relevant evolutionary patterns in the fossil record. In this thesis morphometric methods capable of providing relevant data are developed and employed in the analysis of Cambrian fossils. Results of these analyses provide empirical support for the process of evolution through phenotypic plasticity and genetic assimilation hypothesized by the EES. Furthermore, theoretical revision to the species concept in a palaeontological context is suggested. Finally, predictions of the EES specific to the fossil record are made explicit and promising directions of future research are outlined.
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Egger, Bernhard. "A morphometric analysis of experimental cirrhosis in rat liver /." [S.l : s.n.], 1986. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Ehsani, Amir Houshang. "Artificial neural networks : applications in morphometric and landscape features analysis." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Byggvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4392.
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Benazzi, Stefano <1977>. "Image analysis in the morphological and morphometric study of teeth." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/326/.
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The subject of this doctoral dissertation concerns the definition of a new methodology for the morphological and morphometric study of fossilized human teeth, and therefore strives to provide a contribution to the reconstruction of human evolutionary history that proposes to extend to the different species of hominid fossils. Standardized investigative methodologies are lacking both regarding the orientation of teeth subject to study and in the analysis that can be carried out on these teeth once they are oriented. The opportunity to standardize a primary analysis methodology is furnished by the study of certain early Neanderthal and preneanderthal molars recovered in two caves in southern Italy [Grotta Taddeo (Taddeo Cave) and Grotta del Poggio (Poggio Cave), near Marina di Camerata, Campania]. To these we can add other molars of Neanderthal and modern man of the upper Paleolithic era, specifically scanned in the paleoanthropology laboratory of the University of Arkansas (Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA), in order to increase the paleoanthropological sample data and thereby make the final results of the analyses more significant. The new analysis methodology is rendered as follows: 1. Standardization of an orientation system for primary molars (superior and inferior), starting from a scan of a sample of 30 molars belonging to modern man (15 M1 inferior and 15 M1 superior), the definition of landmarks, the comparison of various systems and the choice of a system of orientation for each of the two dental typologies. 2. The definition of an analysis procedure that considers only the first 4 millimeters of the dental crown starting from the collar: 5 sections parallel to the plane according to which the tooth has been oriented are carried out, spaced 1 millimeter between them. The intention is to determine a method that allows for the differentiation of fossilized species even in the presence of worn teeth. 3. Results and Conclusions. The new approach to the study of teeth provides a considerable quantity of information that can better be evaluated by increasing the fossil sample data. It has been demonstrated to be a valid tool in evolutionary classification that has allowed (us) to differentiate the Neanderthal sample from that of modern man. In a particular sense the molars of Grotta Taddeo, which up until this point it has not been possible to determine with exactness their species of origin, through the present research they are classified as Neanderthal.
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Weeks, Paul James Derek. "Morphometric studies of algal growth and diversity using image analysis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318067.
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Seker, Muzaffer. "The morphometric and immunocytochemical analysis of the human carotid body." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34228.
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The carotid bodies are paired organs located at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries. Together with the aortic bodies they constitute the major arterial chemoreceptors that monitor the partial pressure of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH of arterial blood. The carotid body consists of groups of specific cells located in a rich vascular connective tissue including many nerve fibres. The functional unit of the organ: the cell clusters or glomoids, consists of two different cell types, namely the Type I cells and Type II cells. The thesis reviews previous work on the structure of human carotid body (HCB) and experimental studies so far on the organ including histopathological studies. In this thesis the following four types of study are reported: 1-General histology and ultrastructure of the normal human carotid body; 2-Postmortem changes in rat and human carotid bodies, the distribution of Type I cells in different pathological conditions and after different postmortem delays in fixing the tissue; 3-Quantitative studies of the human carotid body using morphometric and stereological techniques in various pathological conditions especially chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases "COPD", Essential hypertension (EH), Diabetes mellitus (DM), Thoracic carcinoma (THC); 4-The analysis of cell constituents of human carotid body using immunocytochemical (ICC) techniques. The following antibodies were studied: Neurofilament (for nervous constituents), S100 protein (for Type II and Schwann cells), Synaptophysin (for Type I cells). Von Willebrand Factor (to outline blood vessels), and Vimentin (for cells of mesencyhmal origin). Their immunoreactivity in different pathological conditions are also discussed. The carotid bodies in experimental animals contain only one variety of Type I cells whilst in the human carotid body three varieties of this cell type have been described (namely light, dark and pyknotic cells). The present study provides data, obtained from different postmortem human material, showing that the three different varieties of Type I cell are the effect of delays in fixation (autolytic changes) on the cell structure. The quantitative study of the distribution of cells, ultrastructural observation, and ICC analysis of the organ all together provide data that to perform an adequate human carotid body study it is essential that specimens should be obtained within 8 hours for light microscopy and immunocytochemistry and within 3 hours for electron microscopy. It has been reported that in chronic hypoxia and EH there is an increase in the size of the organ. The present work confirms these reports and in addition, provides stereological data that DM,THC, and chronic infection also alter HCB structure (hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia). The ICC study of COPD cases shows very variable results: in some cases the classic picture of the structural changes could not be observed whilst in others it was very strong. It was observed that there is an increase in the number of blood vessels and the volume of vasculature in COPD, EH, and DM. The morphological and ICC data presented provide new insight into the structure of human carotid body and advance the postmortem study of the organ. The changes in the structure of the human carotid body in different pathological conditions also provide better understanding of the condition of the organ in health and disease. It is also postulated that the previous experimental animal studies which were exposed to "long term hypoxic conditions" may not have been sufficiently exposed. This is essential to obtain similar structural changes that match human observations. It might be interesting to study much longer periods of hypoxia on experimental animals in order to see whether these longer exposures result ultimately in Type II cell hyperplasia.
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Aira, Jazmine. "Image-Based 3D Morphometric Analysis of the Clavicle Intramedullary (IM) Canal." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6058.
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Midshaft clavicle fractures are very common. Current treatment of choice involves internal fixation with superior or anterior clavicle plating, however their clinical success and patient satisfaction are slowly decreasing. The design of intramedullary (IM) devices is on the rise, but data describing the IM canal parameters is lacking. The aim of this study is to quantify morphometry of the clavicle and its IM canal, and to evaluate the effect of gender and anatomical side. This study used 3-dimensional (3D) image-based models with novel and automated methods of standardization, normalization and bone cross-section evaluation. The data obtained in this thesis presents IM canal and clavicle radius and center deviation parameterized as a function of clavicle length, in addition, its radius of curvature and true length. Results showed that right-sided clavicles tended to be shorter and thicker than left-sided, but only males showed a statistically significant difference in size compared to females (p<.0001). The smallest IM canal and clavicle radii were seen at different clavicle lengths (54% and 49%), suggesting that the narrowest region of IM canal cannot be appreciated based on external visualization of the clavicle alone. The narrowing of the IM canal is of special interest because this a potential limiting region for IM device design. Furthermore, the location and value of maximum lateral curvature displacement is different in the IM canal, implying there exists an eccentricity of the IM canal center with respect to the clavicle center.
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Zhu, Qianru, and 朱茜如. "Salivary gland tumours: a combined morphometric, flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239857.
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Jones, David Owen. "Morphometric analysis of taxonomy, evolution, autecology and homology in ozarkodinid conodonts." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30460.
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A rigorous understanding of conodont element morphology is fundamental to virtually every aspect of conodont research, yet the complexity of morphological variation within elements presents a challenge for qualitative approaches. To address this problem, a suite of new morphometric protocols has been developed and applied to two conodont taxa. Analysis of the conodont Ozarkodina excavata has enabled development of a new quantitative methodology to objectively discriminate between morphologically similar elements occupying different positions within the conodont skeleton. The methodology differentiated elements with a success rate comparing favourably to expert discrimination, and has application not only in identifying homology in collections of isolated elements, but also in taxonomy. The hypothesis that '0.' excavata is monospecific has also been tested, and the discovery of significant morphological discontinuities between spatiotemporally separated populations strongly suggests that multiple species are currently accommodated within this taxon. The protocols also have potential to permit repeated and objective identification of biostratigraphically useful morphologies. A natural population of lO.' excavata has been examined, elucidating population structure, survivorship and element and apparatus growth within this taxon at a level of detail exceptional even for conodont studies. Evolutionary and taxonomic hypotheses have been tested in the conodont genus Pterospathodus, using a long, densely and evenly sampled stratigraphic sequence. This has revealed few discontinuities within measured variables through time, highlighting the difficulties of objective taxonomic division of an anagenetic continuum. Apparent directional evolutionary trends are partially confirmed, but analysis is hindered by the inability to identify immature elements and separate ontogenetic and evolutionary change. This study has quantified evolutionary rates in conodonts for the first time. The methods and results presented here have the potential to catalyse comprehensive morphometric analysis of conodonts using these widely applicable protocols and refine the existing qualitative framework around which our understanding of conodont morphology is currently based.
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Watson, Julia. "Morphometric and molecular analysis of two distinct forms of Pseudocrossidium crinitum." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26491.
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Two distinct forms of Pseudocrossidium crinitum (Bryophyta) exist- a form with a white hair point on the leaf, and one with a yellow hair point on the leaf. The white and yellow forms exist in similar areas, but the yellow hair point form is found on its own in arid areas. In this paper we analyse 16 morphometric variables and chloroplast and nuclear DNA molecular information to determine whether Pseudocrossidium crinitum should be separated into two species based on morphological differences. We use ANOVA, Principal components analysis and cluster analysis to analyse the morphometric data. Four significantly different morphological differences were found between the two forms. Five haplotypes were revealed from 8 samples, with only one haplotype shared amongst them. Two samples from the Cedarburg exhibit highly different DNA to the rest of the samples. Although genetic sampling was not large enough on which to base significant conclusions, we find that the two forms - are morphologically differentiated enough to separate Pseudocrossidium crinitum into two species.
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Charles, Brianne E. "A geometric morphometric analysis of the human ossa coxae for sex determination." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21133.
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Thesis (M.S.F.S) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.This study compares sexual variation of the human skeletal pelvis through geometric morphometric analyses. Digitization of the skeletal elements provides the framework for a multi-faceted examination of shape. The sample used in the study consists of individuals from the Bass Donated Skeletal Collection, located at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville. Landmarks digitized for the study are derived from the 36 points implemented in Joan Bytheway and Anne Ross’s geometric morphometric study of human innominates (2010). The author hypothesizes that morphological variation between males and females will be visible to varying degrees throughout the pelvis, with structures to be compared consisting of the ilium, ischium, pubis, obturator foramen, and acetabulum. Particular attention will be paid to the pelvic canal, as this area seems to carry the most sex-specific function of the bone. It is hypothesized that structures directly contributing to the pelvic canal will be more sexually dimorphic than peripheral structures. Data points plotted throughout the pelvis will allow for comparison of various regions. Results indicate that the innominate can be divided into modules with relatively low levels of covariation between them. Greatest amounts of sexual dimorphism are located at the pubis and ischium. The shape of the acetabulum and obturator foramen display little variation between the two sexes. Areas that have the potential for sex determination could be investigated more thoroughly in the future and may be of use in forensic cases in which remains are incomplete.
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Powell, N. "Automated morphometric analysis and phenotyping of mouse brains from structural μMR images." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1503979/.
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In light of the utility and increasing ubiquity of mouse models of genetic and neurological disease, I describefully automated pipelines for the investigation of structural microscopic magnetic resonance images of mouse brains – for both high-throughput phenotyping, and monitoring disease. Mouse models offer unparalleled insight into genetic function and brain plasticity, in phenotyping studies; and neurodegenerative disease onset and progression, in therapeutic trials. I developed two cohesive, automatic software tools, for Voxel- and Tensor-Based Morphometry (V/TBM) and the Boundary Shift Integral (BSI), in the mouse brain. V/TBM are advantageous for their ability to highlight morphological differences between groups, without laboriously delineating regions of interest. The BSI is a powerful and sensitive imaging biomarker for the detection of atrophy. The resulting pipelines are described in detail. I show the translation and application of open-source software developed for clinical MRI analysis to mouse brain data: for tissue segmentation into high-quality, subject-specific maps, using contemporary multi-atlas techniques; and for symmetric, inverse-consistent registration. I describe atlases and parameters suitable for the preclinical paradigm, and illustrate and discuss image processing challenges encountered and overcome during development. As proof of principle and to illustrate robustness, I used both pipelines with in and ex vivo mouse brain datasets to identify differences between groups, representing the morphological influence of genes, and subtle, longitudinal changes over time, in particular relation to Down syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease. I also discuss the merits of transitioning preclinical analysis from predominately ex vivo MRI to in vivo, where morphometry is still viable and fewer mice are necessary. This thesis conveys the cross-disciplinary translation of up-to-date image analysis techniques to the preclinical paradigm; the development of novel methods and adaptations to robustly process large cohorts of data; and the sensitive detection of phenotypic differences and neurodegenerative changes in the mouse brain.
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Williamson, Lauren Elizabeth. "A Morphometric Analysis of the Highly Variable Clypeasteroid, Periarchus lyelli." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1247181599.
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Reader, Judith Rachel. "The morphometric analysis and regulation of mucus production in mouse asthma models /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Constantinopol, Minerva. "Comparing Vo₂ max and Dlo₂ in ponies and cattle : a morphometric analysis /." Bern, 1986. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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BURNE, JEFFREY CAMERON. "A MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MORDELLISTENA IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES (COLEOPTERA: MORDELLIDAE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188064.
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Beetles of the genus Mordellistena Costa are submitted to a morphometric analysis as a more feasible method of identification and as a foundation for the construction of a phylogeny. In the past, species groups were based on questionable morphological characters and a morphological analysis is an attempt, through numerical methods, to eliminate such doubts. Thirty external characters were chosen for measurement in a preliminary statistical analysis of four well defined species groups. These results were submitted to a discriminant analysis which reduced the number of significant characters to 14. Over 500 specimens were then measured for these characters and the results were then submitted to a cluster analysis. The results of the analysis illuminated several relationships among the genus. The analysis found 14 major groups (five or more members), 25 minor groups (4 or fewer members), and 102 odd specimens not assigned to any group. The major groups, two of the minor groups, and the 102 odd specimens are discussed in detail. The accomplishments of the study included an expansion of the list of species of Mordellistena for Arizona, the discovery of several previously undescribed species, a more confident method of identification, and the foundation of a phylogeny for the genus. Shortcomings of the study were the failure to construct species specific groups and failure to group 102 specimens. Both successes and failures of the study are discussed in detail and explanations are offered. The major successes of the study were the formation of a basis for a complete revision of the genus Mordellistena and the foundation of a phylogeny for the group.
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Seymour, Beverley Lesley. "The effect of steroid hormones on the size of myometrial cells : a morphometric study." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1503.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1997The aims of this study were to measure: 1. Myometrial cells of menopausal uteri to establish whether they atrophy after the menopause. 2. Myometrial cells at different phases of the menstrual cycle to investigate the influences of oestrogen and progesterone during the cycle. 3. Myometrial cells in the fundus and lower uterine segment to establish whether they differ in size. 4. Myometrial cells of pregnant uteri to investigate the effect of the hormonal status of pregnant women on the size of myometrial cells. 5. Neoplastic cells of leiomyomas of the uterus to investigate whether these benign tumours behave in the same manner as myometrium or, because they are neoplastic, they react differently. A preliminary investigation was undertaken to establish the optimal methodology for this study to measure myometrial and leiomyoma nuclei in the uterus. The aims of this preliminary investigation were: 1. To test the reproducibility of measurements of myometrial and leiomyoma nuclei in transverse and cross section. 2. To test five histological staining methods to ascertain the best method for a morphometric study on uterine cells. 3. To find the minimum sample size of nuclei per section of myometrium or leiomyoma in order to yield statistically significant results. This preliminary study found that the Haematoxylin and Eosin stain gave the most statistically reproducible measurements. Subjective assessment of the five staining methods also found Haematoxylin and Eosin to be optimal. It was also found during the preliminary study that measuring the myometrial nuclei in cross rather than transverse section gave the most statistically reproducible measurements. It was also found that it was best to use an axial ratio criterion of 0,9 when measuring cross-sectioned myometrial nuclei. The optimum sample size per section was also investigated and it was found that measuring 100 nuclei was optimal. It was found that in the uteri used in this study there was no statistically significant decrease in nuclear size after the menopause. It was also found that there was no statistically significant difference in nuclear size during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. There was also no notable difference in nuclear size between nuclei in the fundus and lower segment of the uteri in this study. It was found that there was a significant increase in the size of nuclei in leiomyomas compared to the normal myometrial nuclei from the same patient. The myometrial nuclei from pregnant uteri were also significantly larger than those from non-gravid uteri.
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Leder, Ronny Maik. "Morphometrische Analyse der Kieferbezahnung fossiler wie rezenter carcharhinider Selachier." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-160324.
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Die morphologische Variabilität dentaler Strukturen, bei Haien der Familie der Carcharhinidae, ist sowohl innerhalb als auch zwischen den Arten unzureichend erforscht. Ohne Kenntnis der artspezifischen Parameter ist eine genaue taxonomische Klassifizierung von fossilen Haien anhand der Zähne jedoch unmöglich. Die umfassende Analyse der dentalen Strukturen rezenter carcharhinider Haie nach artspezifischen Merkmalen wurde genutzt, um die Ergebnisse auf die nächsten fossilen Verwandten zu übertragen. Besonderes Augenmerk galt darüber hinaus dem morphologischen Vergleich fossiler Zähne westatlantischer und zentralasiatischer Herkunft. Es wurde ein morphometrisches Analyseverfahren entwickelt, dass entgegen bestehender Methoden, gänzlich auf manuelle Datengewinnung verzichtet. Für die neue Methode der automatisierten algorithmischen Morphometrie (AAM) wurden erstmals, anhand von 2340 Einzelzähnen von 112 Individuen aus 41 Arten rezenter Carcharhinidae, die wesentlichen artspezifischen Merkmalskomplexe definiert und in ein Analyseprogramm samt Datenbank übertragen. Die Einzeluntersuchung der einzelnen Spezies nach Gesichtspunkten ontogenetischer, sexueller bzw. mono-/dignather Heterodontie sowie intra- und interspezifischer Varianz der Zahnmorphologie zeigte, dass carcharhinide Haie allein mit Hilfe zahnmorphologischer Merkmale identifiziert werden können und diese Merkmale für systematische Zwecke geeignet sind. Der Erfolg der systematischen Zuordnung steht aber in direkter Abhängigkeit zur Zahnposition und zur betrachteten Spezies. Der Einfluss der Heterodontie auf die taxonomische Aussagekraft ist mitunter enorm, so dass die Eindeutigkeit der taxonomischen Klassifizierung stark begrenzt wird. Es existiert eine enorme Bandbreite an morphologischen Überschneidungen und Durchdringungen, sowohl innerhalb der Arten als auch art- bzw. gattungsübergreifend. Beim Vergleich allein anhand einzelner Zähne, sowohl fossiler als auch rezenter Herkunft, ist es in vielen Fällen nicht feststellbar, ob noch innerartliche Varianz oder bereits artliche Differenz vorliegt. Aus den Erkenntnissen der morphometrischen Analyse und deren Übertragung auf die fossilen Belege, ergab sich die Notwendigkeit, fossile Zähne carcharhinider Haie zukünftig, neben dem bestehenden deskriptiven Verfahren der Taxonomie, zusätzlich funktionsmorphologisch zu beurteilen. Dazu wurden erstmals sechs funktionsmorphologische Gruppen definiert, mit deren Hilfe vor allem ökologische Schlussfolgerungen bei der Bewertung fossiler Zähne möglich sindThe morphological variability of dental structures within the different species as well as between the species of sharks belonging to the family of the Carcharhinidae is insufficient investigated. Without knowledge of the species specific parameter the precise taxonomic classification based on the teeth morphology of fossil sharks is kind of impossible. The comprehensive analysis of dental structures of extant carcharhinid sharks was used to transfer the results to their next extinct relatives. Special attention was focused on the comparison between fossil teeth of populations with westatlantic and centralasiatic origin. A morphometric analysis program was established, that is in contrast to traditional methods not based on manual data collection. With the new method of automatic algorithmic morphometry (AAM) the essential species specific attribut complexes were defined for the first time by using the morphological data of 2340 single tooth from 112 individuals from 41 species of extant carcharhinid sharks and transfered to an appropriate new analysis program including all datasets in one database. Individual studies for each single species in aspects like ontogenetic, sexual, mono- and dignatic heterodondity as well as intra- and interspecific variance in tooth morphology proved the possibility to identify carcharhinid sharks just by their teeth and that these attributes can be used for systematic purposes. The effectiveness of the systematic classification stands in direct dependence to tooth position and investigated species. The heterodondity influence for the taxonomic significance is quite high and limiting the taxonomic classification. An enormous bandwith in morphological overlapping and interpenetration is existing as well as within the species but also between species respectively across genus. The comparison based on single teeth with both fossil and extant origin, makes it in many cases impossible to differentiate between intraspecific variance and already existing specific difference. From the new insight to morphological differentiation based on the morphometric analysis (AAM) established in this work and the tranfer from this informations to fossil samples the need for different view to fossil teeth of carcharhinid sharks was obvious. Beside the traditional descriptive procedure of taxonomy a method based on functional morphology is need to better reassess fossil carcharhinid shark teeth. Therefor six functional morphological groups where defined for the first time especially for paleoecological conclusions in the assessment of fossil teeth
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Idrus, Muhammad Rijal. "Multivariate morphometric analysis of seasonal changes in overwintering Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29721.pdf.
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Idrus, Muhammad Rijal. "Multivariate morphometric analysis of seasonal changes in overwintering arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27346.
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This study developed a robust technique for the assessment of morphometric differences among overwintering northern fish populations. Arctic charr were sampled soon before the freeze-up and just after ice break-up at two subarctic Quebec lakes. A homogenous sample of 397 fish was used. Regression analyses of the length-weight relationships and their derived condition indices were insufficient, due to their inherent limitations, to recognize the differences between sampling groups. A series of multivariate analyses (canonical, stepwise and discriminant analysis), based on eleven morphometric characters of the fish, provided a better assessment. The analysis recognized the distinctions between sampling groups, correctly classified 70-100% of the fish into their appropriate groupings, and indicated that body height measured at the anal opening was the most discriminatory variable. Landmark variables related to shape differences were effective in discriminating fish according to their lake of origin, whereas length and weight variables, which closely reflected the size differences, were better at distinguishing seasonal changes. The study provides a simple, efficient assessment method based on phenotypic variations to explain different survival strategies, and the associated life history traits, adopted by fish.
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Erdogan, Emira. "Morphometric analysis of vessel density in breast carcinomain relation to their Nottingham’s score." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227239.
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Globally, breast cancer is the most abundant cancer form in women, in Sweden about 20 women are diagnosed with breast cancer every day .Interactions between genetic and external factors are the contributing factors while metastasis formation is the leading cause of death. Cancer is in need of vessels,to get the nutrients and oxygen it needs in order to survive. Therefore,the aim of the study is to analyze and compare the groups of high and low differential cancer vessels of the respective form, and to see if any type contained more vessels than the other. The study is based on 20 invasive ductal breast cancer samples, ten of them were high differentiated and the other ten were low differentiated. To assess the number of vessels, immunhistochemical staining with CD31 antibody was performedCD31 is an adhesion molecule present on endothelial cells. The group of low differentiated gradebreast cancer tissue had significantly more vessels compared with the high differentiated breast cancer tissues. To prove these test results, more cancers must be analyzed.
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Schulz, Ariadne Lucia. "Morphometric analysis of variation in human proximal long bones within and between populations." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12681/.
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Morphological variation and reactivity in human bone underpins many research questions in palaeopathology, osteoarchaeology, and anthropology. Studies on the post-crania primarily pertain to the cross-sectional geometry and epiphyseal or joint morphology and diaphyseal curvature. Very few studies address diaphyseal surface morphology. This study aims to quantify morphology of the epiphyses, diaphyseal surface morphology, and cross-sectional morphology of human proximal long bones in relation to interpopulation and intrapopulation variables including sex, age, childhood stress indicators, and pathology. To provide some diversity in geography and temporality this research uses skeletons selected from the English medieval cemeteries of St. Guthlac’s Priory, Hereford and Fishergate House, York, the Sudanese medieval cemetery 3-J-18 from Mis Island, and the English postmedieval cemetery Coach Lane, North Shields. Cross-sectional geometry was collected via digital sectioning of 3D scans and morphological information was collected using Geometric Morphometrics. The resulting morphological and geometric sets were compared against inter and intrapopulation variables and qualitatively compared to each other to determine which limb and what part of its proximal bone is most reactive to given variables. Morphological variation with intra and interpopulation variables was found, and its expression varied with size, age, population, bone, and morphological or geometric set. Age and morphology vary together in both epiphyseal and diaphyseal morphology, but do not appear as related in values for cross—sectional geometry. Likewise stress indicators do vary with the morphology of the diaphysis or epiphyses but the strength of their relationship often relies on the population sampled. This suggests a wealth of impact on morphology from environment, ontogenetic trajectory and development, population affinity, health, sex, life history, and age. This research highlights variation in reactivity in different anatomical areas. Crucially, this research demonstrates the morphological plasticity of the diaphyseal surface which for some variables was very reactive and is presently largely unexamined.
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Leonard, Kristin Elysa. "Morphometric analysis of the adult human mastoid process as a sexually dimorphic trait." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12474.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Sex estimation is a fundamental analysis in the establishment of the biological profile in forensic anthropology. Traditionally, sex estimation of the skull is based on visual interpretation of specific morphological traits and metric analyses (Buikstra and Ubelaker, 1994; Bass 2005; Jantz and Ousley, 2005; Spradley and Jantz, 2011). If morphological traits are large and rugose, the skull is determined to be male, while gracile features and an overall smaller size suggest a female. This type of sex assessment is typically based on ordinal scores of five standard sexually dimorphic traits, including the mastoid process (Buikstra and Ubelaker, 1994). Scores from the visually examined traits are averaged by the analyst to provide a final sex estimate. Recently, legal proceedings in the United States have encouraged quantitative rather than qualitative techniques in scientific fields. As a result, the subjectivity of visual analysis is under scrutiny. The current study aims to determine if metric evaluation of the mastoid process can be utilized as a quantifiable predictor of sex. A modern sample of American Whites and Blacks (n = 157) from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection was examined. Five bilateral measurements of the mastoid process were recorded and analyzed for accuracy in correct classification of sex. Tests for intraobserver reliability of the measurements were performed on a subsample (n = 24). This study suggests that morphometric analysis of the mastoid process yields reliable, sexually dimorphic values, but with reduced predictive accuracies as compared to visual assessment.
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Scoles, Daniel R. "Stock Identification of Weakfish, Cynoscion regalis, by Discriminant Function Analysis of Morphometric Characters." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617611.
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Bas, Kanå Sebastian. "Automatic landmark identification in digital images of Drosophila wings for improved morphometric analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393388.
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A considerable number of morphometric studies which are performed nowadays with fly wing images require manual annotation of landmarks or key-points. This work is tedious and time consuming for researchers. This is why there is interest in automating the process and therefore several approaches for this purpose have been developed. The problem with these methods is that they are difficult to use and are usually specific to a particular imaging format and species. This project's objective is to develop two methods, one based on classic image analysis techniques, and another one based on machine learning algorithms. A comparison is made to understand the strengths of each approach and find a solution that is general and easy to use. The first method (classic) uses domain knowledge to extract features and match template structures to determine landmark locations. Every parameter is fine-tuned manually and requires a long time to develop. Nevertheless, the results achieve human-level precision. The second method uses deep learning algorithms to train 30 neural networks which divide the image into regions and extract the coordinates of the landmarks directly. The results obtained for the machine learning approach are similar (approximately 10-pixel precision for 2448 x 2048 size images), with the advantage that it does not require any domain knowledge and can be reused for any kind of format and species. A solution that combines the strengths of both methods seems to be the best path to find a fully automatic algorithm.
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Nestler, Jennifer Halin. "A geometric morphometric analysis of Crocodylus Niloticus: evidence for a cryptic species complex." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3359.
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The Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus currently has an extensive range throughout the African continent and Madagascar, though fossil and subfossil remains show that its historic range was considerably larger and included parts of the Sahara Desert, Mediterranean coast, and Arabian Peninsula. Recent molecular studies have yielded genetically distinct populations of C. niloticus, leading to the possibility that C. niloticus is actually multiple cryptic species, while morphological variation remains unassessed. This study compares skulls of C. niloticus to other members of the genus Crocodylus in dorsal view using geometric morphometrics to evaluate intraspecific and interspecific variation. The morphometric analysis is coupled with a geographic analysis to determine if the species is morphologically variable by geographic region as well as a model-based cluster analysis to determine and morphological clusters irrespective of other factors. These analyses indicate that C. niloticus exhibits populational variation that exceeds almost every other species of Crocodylus, with differences between geographic regions statistically disctinct. These results support the presence of a cryptic species complex. Additionally, an osteological description of Crocodylus niloticus is provided.
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Piculjan, Leda. "Morphometric and taphonomic analysis of the upper pleistocene faunal assemblage from Hijenska Pecina, Croatia." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Tomar. Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/6021.
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Master Erasmus Mundus em Quaternário e Pré-HistóriaHijenska pećina, an Upper Pleistocene cave site, is located in the Plovunija quarry, north of Buje in Istria, Croatia. A detailed taxonomic, metric and taphonomic analysis of the faunal assemblage is presented in this work. Material consists of about 453 bones, bone fragments and teeth. A big portion of the remains belong to cave hyena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea) and the thesis will try to answer the question if Hijena cave was a hyena den or a natural trap as suggested in earlier works.
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Arvaneh, Tia. "Morphometric Analysis of the Talus on the Cohort of Healthy and Arthritic Patient Population:." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6797.
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Prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is less common in the ankle compared to other joints; however, deformation brought on by degeneration causes pain, loss of function, and overall decreased quality of life. Current surgical interventions for end-stage ankle OA are not as reliable as surgical treatments for other joints. Ankle arthroplasty currently has high failure rates, and there are lack of substantial data from long-term outcome studies. By understanding the morphometric changes that occur during the different stages of OA, we are able to identify early signs of the disease with the intention to apply treatment earlier in order to preclude the need for end-stage surgical intervention. The goals of this study are to assess morphometric parameters of the talus as it relates to the progression of OA and to evaluate the effect of gender and anatomical side. A retrospective study was performed where data from sixty-eight CT scans were obtained from two study groups, one with OA and one without. The subjects were segmented, standardized, and normalized in order to study several 3D parameters of the talus, including height, radius of curvature, and volume. Results showed that talar morphometry is influenced by gender and that geometric changes are a function of OA progression. The lateral radii of subjects with OA was significantly larger than those of normal ankles (p<0.0001), and there is evidence of inherent changes between KL grades (p=0.0003). Identifying morphometric changes of the talus at each stage of OA can inherently contribute to better understanding the degenerative process. Assessing specific characteristics at earlier stages of the diseases may help clinicians to diagnose more accurately and to better provide treatment.
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Korpan, E. Mary. "Morphometric analysis of regional myocardial perfusion in rats as measured by non-radioactive microspheres." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5348.
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Prodanov, Dimiter Petkov. "Morphometric analysis of the rat lower limb nerves anatomical data for neural prosthesis design /." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/51110.
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Peravali, Ravindra [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittbrodt. "Morphometric and Quantitative Behavioral Analysis of Inbred Medaka Lines / Ravindra Peravali ; Betreuer: Joachim Wittbrodt." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177691795/34.
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Decker, Summer J. "The Human in 3D: Advanced Morphometric Analysis of High-Resolution Anatomically Accurate Computed Models." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3525.
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Computed virtual models of anatomical structures are proving to be of increasing value in clinical medicine, education and research. With a variety of fields focused on craniofacial and pelvic anatomy there is a need for accurate anatomical models. Recent technological advancements in computer and medical imaging technologies have provided the tools necessary to develop three-dimensional (3D) functional models of human anatomy for use in medicine (surgical planning and education), forensics and engineering (computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis).
Traditionally caliper methodologies are used in the quantitative analysis of human anatomy. In order for experts in anatomy and morphometrics to accept a transition to 3D volumetric data, it must be first validated as anatomically accurate. The purpose of this project was to create anatomically accurate models of modern human anatomy through the use of 3D medical imaging, such as multislice computed tomography (CT), and 3D computer modeling and reconstruction. This dissertation attempts to validate the models and address current morphometric methodologies with four separate studies. The important results found in these studies were:
1) Medical image data such as computed tomography scans can be used to create high-resolution anatomically accurate 3D models for education and research purposes. These models can be used in morphometric studies through virtual quantitative analyses.
2) 3D virtual models of the human pelvis are 100% accurate in the estimation of sex in the pelvis, which represents an increase in accuracy over current field methods.
3) 3D virtual models of the human skull are 95.1% accurate in estimating sex in the skull, which represents an increase in accuracy over current field methods.
4) 3D models of craniofacial anatomy can be used for soft tissue depth analysis studies and clinical image data is more representative of living individuals.
By testing the imaging and 3D modeling technologies at several levels, we developed new methods for accurately analyzing virtual anatomy for an array of disciplines.
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Stretch, Rachelle Claire. "A morphometric and textural analysis of the submarine volcanic ridges of the Azores Plateau." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612121.
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Chiziane, Hércio Issac Patrício. "Analysis of morphometric attributes of benthic nematodes as descriptors of the different ecological conditions." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17979.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Conservação dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Universidade de ÉvoraFree-living nematodes have been and are continually considered excellent bioindicators by several authors. Their high structural and functional diversity makes them more diversified and numerically dominant in aquatic habitats, with a wide distribution ranging from untouched habitats to highly polluted habitats. This fact as called the attention of many researchers who in turn motivated and promoted their use in the evaluation of the quality of water bodies. Farther, studies showed that morphometry and biomass are two important aspects to consider in ecological studies of free-living nematodes. The current study focuses on the investigation of the morphometric attributes of the free-living nematodes of the Tagus estuary (Portugal) in order to relate them to the various environmental conditions of the sediment along the estuary. Therefore, the following null hypothesis was tested: There will be no differences in the nematode morphometric parameters (length, width, L / W ratio and biomass) in the different sections of the estuary. Conclusions led to the rejection of the null hypothesis as significant differences were observed along the sections of the estuary for most of the morphometric attributes measurements taking in consideration the six most abundant genera of nematodes in the Tagus estuary (Terschellingia, Sabatieria, Daptonema, Ptycholaimellus, Viscosia and Anoplostoma). Though salinity, depth, grain size variables and organic matter were the environmental variables that were found to be more correlated with the nematode morphometric attributes variance along the estuary, nematode size and shape at investigated sections most likely reflected differences in quality and quantity of organic material and sediment size of the estuary. Most of the variability in terms of nematode morphometry along the Tagus estuary were verified for the genera Terschellingia leading to the conclusion that this genera can provide better information about the different environmental conditions of the sediment along the Tagus estuary
Os nemátodes de vida livre foram e são continuamente considerados ótimos bioindicadores por vários autores. A elevada diversidade estrutural e funcional dos nemátodes de vida livre torna-os o grupo mais diversificado e numericamente dominante em habitats aquáticos, com uma ampla distribuição que varia de habitats intocados a habitats altamente poluídos. Este fato chamou a atenção de muitos investigadores que, por sua vez, motivaram e promoveram o seu uso na avaliação da qualidade das massas de água. Além disso, estudos mostraram que a morfometria e biomassa são dois aspectos importantes a serem considerados em estudos ecológicos de nemátodes de vida livre. O corrente estudo foca-se na investigação dos atributos morfométricos dos nemátodes de vida livre do estuário do Tejo de modo a relacioná-los com as várias condições ambientais do sedimento ao longo do estuário. Para este efeito foi testada a seguinte hipótese nula: Não haverá diferenças nos parâmetros de nemátodes (comprimento, largura, relação C/L e biomassa) em diferentes secções do estuário. As conclusões levaram à rejeição da hipótese nula. Diferenças significativas foram observadas ao longo das seções do estuário para a maioria das medições dos atributos morfométricos dos seis géneros mais abundantes de nemátodes no estuário do Tejo (Terschellingia, Sabatieria, Daptonema, Ptycholaimellus, Viscosia e Anoplostoma). Embora a salinidade, profundidade, tamanho do sedimento e matéria orgânica tenham sido as variáveis ambientais mais correlacionadas com a variância dos atributos morfométricos dos nemátodes ao longo do estuário, o tamanho e a morfologia de nemátodes nas seções investigadas refletiram diferenças na qualidade e quantidade de matéria orgânica e tamanho do sedimento do estuário. A maior parte da variabilidade em termos de morfometria dos nemátodos ao longo do estuário do Tejo foi verificada para o género Terschellingia, levando à conclusão de que este género pode fornecer uma melhor informação sobre as diferentes condições ambientais do sedimento ao longo do estuário do Tejo
N/A
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Hageman, John Robert. "A morphometric and immunological analysis of kidney flask cells from the frog Xenopus laevis /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487682558447011.
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White, Jeffrey Lloyd 1952. "A morphometric analysis of populations of yellow-eyed junco (Junco phaeonotus) in southeastern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278166.
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I sampled populations of Yellow-eyed Junco from six mountain ranges in southeastern Arizona to test hypotheses about morphological variation in the species. Morphometric variables were obtained from measurements in the field, and from photographic images of the head, wing, and tail. Statistical analyses revealed significant seasonal differences in values of bill-length variables, and sexual dimorphism in wing and tail characters, but not in bill characters. Statistically significant geographic discrimination among samples was found only for bill characters. Mahalanobis' distance values from subsets of bill and tailspot variables correlate most significantly with geographic distances between habitats measured along an arc of higher elevation in the region. These correlations, the lack of significant geographic discrimination for wing and tail characters, and the many extralimital records for the species imply that Yellow-eyed Juncos move between isolated populations, and that this movement tends to follow higher elevations in the region.
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Mageed, Mahmoud. "MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SHEEP THORACOLUMBAR SPINE USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND A COMPARISON WITH THE HUMAN CORRELATE." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-155677.
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Sheep are commonly used as animal model for in vivo testing of new spinal implants as well as surgical procedures. Therefore, extensive knowledge of the precise morphometry and biomechanics features of sheep spine is crucial for experimental design and interpretation of results obtained in these trials. Little is known about the sheep spine. Therefore, the current study, which comprises of two parts, aimed to gain more knowledge concerning the morphometry of sheep thoracolumbar spine. The first part aimed to document the morphometry of the sheep thoracolumbar vertebrae and to assess the feasibility of using sheep lumbar vertebrae as a model for human spine researches based on morphometric comparison. For this reason, computed tomographic (CT) scanning was carried out in five clinically healthy female Merino sheep (2 years, 62 ± 5.3 kg) under general anaesthesia. CT images were reformatted with 1-mm slice thickness from T2 through L6. The CT images were reformatted in transverse and sagittal planes using multiplaner reconstruction algorithm. Subsequently, CT images were transferred to a workstation and reviewed with dedicated software for measuring the dimensions of the vertebral bodies, spinal canal, intervertebral disc, and pedicles. Based on the generated morphometric data of the sheep lumbar vertebrae, four spinal indices and Pavlov’s ratio were calculated as well as the volume of the vertebral bodies. The spinal indices were concavity index, endplate index, spinal canal index and pedicle index. For measuring vertebral body volume, the transverse CT data were reformatted in 5-mm slice thickness and imported in dedicated software. Thereafter, the four spinal indices and the volume were compared to human published data. The parameter was defined comparable if the ratio sheep/human of each individual vertebra showed variation less than 20%. The second part of the current work aimed to provide quantitative morphometric data of the thoracolumbar dural sac and describe the anatomical relationship between the dural sac and its surrounding osseous structures of the spine. To achieve these aims, computed assisted myelography was carried out in five adult female blackhead sheep (2.0 ± 0.4 years, 80.6 ± 28.7 kg) under general anaesthesia. Transverse images were acquired with 2-mm slice thickness from T1 to L6. Sagittal and transverse diameters and cross-sectional area of the dural sac and the spinal canal were measured on CT images. To determine the anatomical relationship between the dural sac and osseous structures of spinal canal, the pedicle-dural sac distance and available space for dural sac were calculated. The morphometric data showed that the sheep thoracolumbar vertebral bodies and the spinal canal were wider than they were deep, most obviously in the lumbar vertebrae. The intervertebral discs were as much as 57.4% thicker in the lumbar than in the thoracic spine. The pedicles were higher and longer than they were wide over the entire thoracolumbar spine. Compared to humans, sheep lumbar vertebral body volumes were 48.6% smaller. The comparison of absolute values between both species revealed that sheep had smaller, longer and narrower vertebral bodies, thinner intervertebral discs, narrower spinal canal and narrower, higher pedicles. The comparison of the spinal indices showed a good comparability to human in terms of the vertebral endplate and spinal canal. The results of the second parts showed that the dural sac area covered 45.9% and 49.0% of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral canal area, respectively, and it is significantly (positive) correlated with the transverse diameter as well as area of the vertebral canal. The pedicledural sac distance in the lumbar vertebrae was up to 15.8% larger than in the thoracic ones. The clinical relevance of the current study, the sheep lumbar spine has good comparability to that of humans in terms of the vertebral endplate regions and spinal canal, suggesting that a sheep spinal model would be appropriate for studying artificial intervertebral discs, implantation of intervertebral fusion, etc. With regard to sheep pedicles, can be used as a model for spinal implant conditioned by adaptation of implant size to sheep pedicel dimensions. The lumbar vertebral canal shows more space for the dural sac, which seems to be safer for testing fixation spinal implantsSchafe werden häufig als Tiermodell für In-vivo-Versuche verwendet, um neue Wirbelsäulenimplantate sowie chirurgische Prozeduren zu testen. Daher ist die umfassende Kenntnis der präzisen Morphometrie und der biomechanischen Merkmale der Schafwirbelsäule entscheidend für das experimentelle Design und die Interpretation der Ergebnisse in den Studien. Es sind wenige Daten über die Schafwirbelsäule bekannt. Auf Grund dessen zielt die aktuelle Studie darauf ab, mehr Wissen über die Morphometrie der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule von Schafen zu gewinnen. Der erste Teil dieser Studie soll die Morphometrie der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule dokumentieren. Das Ziel besteht darin, die Verwendung von Schaflendenwirbeln als Modell für die menschliche Wirbelsäule im morphometrischen Vergleich beurteilen zu können. Aus diesem Grund wurden Computertomographische Untersuchungen (CT) von fünf klinisch gesunden weiblichen Merino-Schafen (2 Jahre, 62 kg ± 5,3 kg) unter Allgemeinanästhesie durchgeführt. Die CT-Bilder wurden mit einer Schichtdicken von 1 mm aus T2 bis L6 gewonnen. Anschließend wurden die CT-Bilder in der transversalen und sagittalen Ebene multiplanar reformatiert. Danach wurden Messungen und Bewertungen mit einer geeigneten Software an den Wirbelkörpern, Wirbelkanälen, Bandscheiben und Pedikeln durchgeführt. Basierend auf den erzeugten morphometrischen Daten der Schaflendenwirbel wurden vier Wirbelsäulen-Indizes und Pavlov’s-ratio sowie das Volumen der Wirbelkörper berechnet. Die Wirbelsäulen-Indizes stellten den Konkavitäts-, Endplatten-, Spinalkanal- und Pedikel-Index dar. Für die Messung des Volumens von Wirbelkörpern wurden die transversalen CT-Daten in 5 mm Schichtdicke formatiert und in geeignete Software eingefügt. Danach wurden die vier Indizes-Wirbelsäulen und das Volumen der Lendenwirbelkörper mit den veröffentlichten Daten von menschlichen Wirbeln verglichen. Sie wurden als „vergleichbar“ definiert, wenn das Verhältnis Schaf-Mensch jedes einzelnen Wirbels Variationen von weniger als 20 % aufwies. Der zweite Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit hat zum Ziel, quantitative morphometrische Daten des thorakolumbalen Duralsacks zu ermitteln. Weiterhin sollen die anatomischen Beziehungen zwischen dem Duralsack und seinen umliegenden knöchernen Strukturen der Wirbelsäule beschrieben werden. Dazu wurden CT-Myelographien an fünf erwachsenen weiblichen Schwarzkopfschafen (2 Jahre ± 0,4 Jahre, 80,6 kg ± 28,7 kg) unter Allgemeinanästhesie durchgeführt. Transversale CT-Bilder wurden mit 2 mm Schichtdicke von T1 bis L6 gemessen. Sagittal- und Transversal-Durchmesser sowie die Querschnittsfläche von Duralsack und Wirbelkanal wurden auf CT-Bildern gemessen. Um die anatomische Beziehung zwischen dem Duralsack und den knöchernen Strukturen des Wirbelkanals zu ermitteln, wurden der Pedikel-Duralsack-Abstand und das Platzangebot für den Duralsack berechnet. Die Wirbelkörper und der Wirbelkanal der ovinen thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule sind breiter als tief, vor allem im Bereich der Lendenwirbel. Die Bandscheiben sind in der Lendenwirbelsäule 57,4 % dicker als in der Brustwirbelsäule. Die Pedikel der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule waren höher und länger als breit. Im Vergleich zum Menschen ist das Volumen von Schaflendenwirbelkörpern 48,6 % kleiner. Der Vergleich der absoluten Werte zwischen den beiden Spezies ergab, dass Schafe kleinere, längere und schmalere Wirbelkörper, dünnere Bandscheiben, einen schmaleren Spinalkanal und schmalere, höhere Pedikel besitzen. Der Vergleich der Wirbelsäulen-Indizes zeigte eine gute Vergleichbarkeit mit menschlichen Wirbelendplatten und Wirbelkanälen. Im zweiten Teil der Studie konnte festgestellt werden, dass die Duralsackfläche 45,9 % des Brustwirbelkanals und 49,0 % des Lendenwirbelkanals einnimmt. Die Duralsackfläche korreliert deutlich positiv mit dem Querdurchmesser und der Fläche des Wirbelkanals. Der Pedikel-Duralsack-Abstand in der Lendenwirbelsäule war bis zu 15,8 % größer als in der Brustwirbelsäule
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Champagne, Tracy Ann Neil. "Oligocene coral evolution in Puerto Rico and Antigua: morphometric analysis of Agathiphyllia, Antiguastrea, and Montastraea." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1128.
Full textAbstract:
The University of Iowa Paleontology Repository maintains an extensive collection of Caribbean coral specimens. This study includes 285 specimens, of which approximately 75 are thin-sections of three previously identified Oligocene genera including: Montastraea Blainville, 1830 (=Orbicella Dana 1846), Antiguastrea Vaughan, 1919, and Agathiphyllia Reuss, 1864 (=Cyathomorpha Reuss, 1868). This study includes: photography of colony surfaces and thin-sections of representative specimens of each species, and the identification of the three Oligocene genera Montastraea, Antiguastrea, and Agathiphyllia to the species level. This study compared the collections with the agathiphyllid stratigraphic ranges in the Paleobiology Database, curated these specimens, and then entered the information into the database, SpecifyTM. These continued efforts aid in better understanding diagnostic morphologic characters of three genera: Antiguastrea, Agathiphyllia, and Montastraea. Two of the genera, Antiguastrea and Agathiphyllia, are extinct. Because the differences in morphology are subtle and not very well understood, previous biodiversity studies using the colony surface for correct species identification have been difficult and often inaccurate. Montastraea is further complicated by recent research that suggests it is polyphyletic and contains multiple species complexes, based on the combined use and creation of more morphological characters and on molecular phylogenetics. Additionally, this study assists with the understanding of the biodiversity of these Oligocene coral genera in the Caribbean region prior to the Plio-Pleistocene extinction event, and the evolutionary history of coral diversity in this region. Though there was an extinction event across the Caribbean, the locality species richness, using Fisher's α and Shannon's H, showed no significant differences between the Late Oligocene formations and the Early Miocene formations.
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Chapman, Tara. "Morphometric, functional and biomechanical analysis of a virtual Neandertal in comparison with anatomically modern humans." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/251406.
Full textAbstract:
Early anthropological examination of Neandertal skeletal material by Marcellin Boule gave rise to popular images of Neandertals as brutish, ape-like creatures who walked hunched over with bent knees and a shuffling gait. Today, it is generally thought that Neandertals moved in a similar manner to humans with locomotive patterns within human ranges of variation and a bipedal gait likely to be indistinguishable from that of modern humans However, this hypothesis has not been tested by using the Neandertal skeleton as a whole. There is no complete Neandertal skeleton in the fossil record. The aim of this thesis was to reconstruct a complete virtual skeleton of a Neandertal based on the Spy II remains for educational museology purposes and for biomechanical analysis. Comparative analyses of Neandertal and modern human bones (pelvis, femur, rib) using different reference populations from Belgium were also undertaken. These studies were performed with a view to further understanding Neandertal bone morphology in comparison to modern humans, to assist in the reconstruction of the Neandertal Spy II skeleton and to aid in biomechanical analysis. A study on the sex determination of the pelves showed that there was no difference between physical linear measurements and virtual measurements, which was an important validation. The lhpFusionBox musculoskeletal software, which was developed at ULB, was used to scale available Neandertal and modern human bones to reconstruct the skeleton. Previous methods in the literature have only scaled bones of the same nature. A novel and validated scaling method was used to scale the Kebara 2 pelvis to the dimensions of the Spy II femur (as Spy II only has a small piece of sacrum) via the Neandertal 1 femur and pelvis. The reconstruction of a complete Neandertal skeleton based on the Spy II remains enabled the validation of individual reconstructions of bones, reconstructed long bones to be compared together with other limb proportions of Neandertals, stature estimation to be performed, and questions to be asked on previous attributions of bones to Spy II. The thoracic shape of Neandertals has previously been subject to much debate with many authors stating that it would have been markedly different from modern humans. This thesis created a Neandertal thorax with assistance from rib and thoracic experts from different domains using the Kebara 2 remains. One reconstruction was found to have a similar shape to modern humans and the other a markedly different shape, highlighting difficulties in thoracic reconstruction of fossil hominids.The full scale Neandertal skeleton has been printed in 3D and used in RBINS and other Museums in Europe as a reference for the Neandertal Skeleton in permanent gallery exhibitions. This skeleton is also used as the base for Neandertal hyper-realistic artistic reconstructions based on scientific evidence by the artists, the Kennis brothers which are in the Centre d'Interprétation de l'Homme de Spy, the National History Museum, London and other museums around the world. The reconstruction of a complete lower limb also allowed biomechanical studies. The various biomechanical studies have looked at what happens when you fuse the motion of a living modern human to Neandertal bones. We cannot say that the Neandertal would have walked or squatted similar to the volunteers in the studies but we can say that the morphology of their bones would have enabled them to walk or squat in this way. All the moment arms of the major muscles of the hip and knee were analysed and it was demonstrated that the Neandertal models largely had greater muscle moment arms than the AMH models meaning Neandertals could have had a significant mechanical advantage over modern humans. These studies demonstrate Neandertal postcranial morphology can be different to modern humans although certain aspects may be more similar than previously thought.Historiquement, le travaux de Marcellin Boule ont donné lieu à des représentations populaires de Néandertaliens vus comme des créatures simiesques bestiales qui se déplaçaient courbés avec des genoux pliés en traînant les pieds. Aujourd'hui, il est généralement admis que les Néandertaliens se déplaçaient d'une manière similaire à l'homme moderne avec une locomotion bipède. Toutefois, cette hypothèse n'a pas été encore testée sur un squelette néandertalien dans son ensemble. Comme il n’existe aucun squelette de Néandertalien entier, le but de cette thèse était de reconstituer un squelette virtuel complet sur la base des restes de Spy II à des fins éducatives de muséologie et pour l'analyse biomécanique.Des analyses comparatives d’os de Néandertalien et d’humains modernes (bassin, fémur, côtes) en utilisant diverses populations de référence de Belgique ont également été menées. Ces études ont été réalisées en vue de comprendre la morphologie néandertalienne, pour aider à la reconstruction du squelette Spy II et à l'analyse biomécanique. Une étude sur la détermination du sexe à partir des pelvis a montré qu'il n'y avait pas de différence entre les mesures linéaires physiques et les mesures virtuelles, ce qui était une validation importante.Le logiciel musculosquelettique lhpFusionBox, développé à l'ULB, a été utilisé pour reconstruire le squelette. Un nouveau procédé de mise à l'échelle validé a été utilisé pour mettre à l'échelle le bassin de Kebara 2 aux dimensions du fémur de Spy II (comme Spy II ne possède qu’un petit fragment de sacrum) via le fémur et le bassin de Neandertal 1. La reconstruction d'un squelette complet de Néandertalien a apporté de nouvelles connaissances sur cette espèce dans différents domaines. Elle a permis la validation des reconstructions individuelles des os, de comparer les os longs reconstruits avec d'autres proportions des membres de Néandertaliens, de faire une estimation de stature, et de reconsidérer les attributions antérieures d'os à Spy II. La forme thoracique des Néandertaliens a déjà fait l'objet de nombreux débats. Cette reconstruction de Spy II, creé avec l'aide des experts utilisant les restes de Kebara 2, montre deux formes de reconstruction differentes, et indique les difficultés de la reconstruction thoracique des fossiles. Le squelette virtuel complet a été imprimé en 3D et utilisé par l’IRSNB et d'autres musées en Europe comme une référence de squelette néandertalien. Ce squelette a également été utilisé comme base pour les reconstructions artistiques hyper-réalistes de Néandertaliens, basées sur des données scientifiques, par les artistes Kennis et sont présentés dans les musées du monde entier. La reconstruction d'un membre inférieur complet a également permis des études biomécaniques. Ces dernières ont étudié la fusion du mouvement d'un homme moderne actuel avec des os néandertaliens. On ne peut pas se prononcer si le Néandertalien marchait ou s’accroupissait de manière similaire aux hommes modernes, mais on peut affirmer que leur morphologie osseuse leur permettait de marcher ou de s’accroupir de cette façon. Tous les bras de levier des principaux muscles de la hanche et du genou ont été analysés et il a été démontré que les Néandertaliens avaient les bras de levier plus grand que le modèle homme moderne signifiant Néandertaliens auraient eu un avantage mécanique important. Cette études démontre que des aspects de la morphologie postcrânienne néandertalienne soient différents, bien que certains d’entre eux soient plus semblables aux humains modernes qu'on ne le pensait.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Thompson, Elicia N. "A MORPHOMETRIC AND KINETIC ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEEDING APPARATUS OF MONODELPHIS DOMESTICA." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1004983534.
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Malinski, Peter T. "An Analysis of Morphometric and Morphologic Relationships in Lunar Pit Craters: The Role of Water." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429487515.
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Li, Bingjue. "Variable-Geometry Extrusion Die Synthesis and Morphometric Analysis Via Planar, Shape-Changing Rigid-Body Mechanisms." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1497529085483053.
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