Relevant bibliographies by topics / Morphology of the nucleus

Academic literature on the topic 'Morphology of the nucleus'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Morphology of the nucleus"

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Stephens, Andrew D., Patrick Z. Liu, Edward J. Banigan, Luay M. Almassalha, Vadim Backman, Stephen A. Adam, Robert D. Goldman, and John F. Marko. "Chromatin histone modifications and rigidity affect nuclear morphology independent of lamins." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 2 (January 15, 2018): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0410.

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Chromatin decompaction via increasing euchromatin or decreasing heterochromatin results in a softer nucleus and abnormal nuclear blebbing, independent of lamin perturbations. Conversely, increasing heterochromatin stiffens the nucleus and rescues nuclear morphology in lamin-perturbed cells that present abnormal nuclear morphology.
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Domínguez, Fernando, and Francisco J. Cejudo. "Identification of a nuclear-localized nuclease from wheat cells undergoing programmed cell death that is able to trigger DNA fragmentation and apoptotic morphology on nuclei from human cells." Biochemical Journal 397, no. 3 (July 13, 2006): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20051809.

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PCD (programmed cell death) in plants presents important morphological and biochemical differences compared with apoptosis in animal cells. This raises the question of whether PCD arose independently or from a common ancestor in plants and animals. In the present study we describe a cell-free system, using wheat grain nucellar cells undergoing PCD, to analyse nucleus dismantling, the final stage of PCD. We have identified a Ca2+/Mg2+ nuclease and a serine protease localized to the nucleus of dying nucellar cells. Nuclear extracts from nucellar cells undergoing PCD triggered DNA fragmentation and other apoptotic morphology in nuclei from different plant tissues. Inhibition of the serine protease did not affect DNA laddering. Furthermore, we show that the nuclear extracts from plant cells triggered DNA fragmentation and apoptotic morphology in nuclei from human cells. The inhibition of the nucleolytic activity with Zn2+ or EDTA blocked the morphological changes of the nucleus. Moreover, nuclear extracts from apoptotic human cells triggered DNA fragmentation and apoptotic morphology in nuclei from plant cells. These results show that degradation of the nucleus is morphologically and biochemically similar in plant and animal cells. The implication of this finding on the origin of PCD in plants and animals is discussed.
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Croft, Jenny A., Joanna M. Bridger, Shelagh Boyle, Paul Perry, Peter Teague, and Wendy A. Bickmore. "Differences in the Localization and Morphology of Chromosomes in the Human Nucleus." Journal of Cell Biology 145, no. 6 (June 14, 1999): 1119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.145.6.1119.

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Using fluorescence in situ hybridization we show striking differences in nuclear position, chromosome morphology, and interactions with nuclear substructure for human chromosomes 18 and 19. Human chromosome 19 is shown to adopt a more internal position in the nucleus than chromosome 18 and to be more extensively associated with the nuclear matrix. The more peripheral localization of chromosome 18 is established early in the cell cycle and is maintained thereafter. We show that the preferential localization of chromosomes 18 and 19 in the nucleus is reflected in the orientation of translocation chromosomes in the nucleus. Lastly, we show that the inhibition of transcription can have gross, but reversible, effects on chromosome architecture. Our data demonstrate that the distribution of genomic sequences between chromosomes has implications for nuclear structure and we discuss our findings in relation to a model of the human nucleus that is functionally compartmentalized.
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Jacob, Justin T., Raji R. Nair, Brian G. Poll, Christopher M. Pineda, Ryan P. Hobbs, Michael J. Matunis, and Pierre A. Coulombe. "Keratin 17 regulates nuclear morphology and chromatin organization." Journal of Cell Science 133, no. 20 (October 2, 2020): jcs254094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.254094.

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ABSTRACTKeratin 17 (KRT17; K17), a non-lamin intermediate filament protein, was recently found to occur in the nucleus. We report here on K17-dependent differences in nuclear morphology, chromatin organization, and cell proliferation. Human tumor keratinocyte cell lines lacking K17 exhibit flatter nuclei relative to normal. Re-expression of wild-type K17, but not a mutant form lacking an intact nuclear localization signal (NLS), rescues nuclear morphology in KRT17-null cells. Analyses of primary cultures of skin keratinocytes from a mouse strain expressing K17 with a mutated NLS corroborated these findings. Proteomics screens identified K17-interacting nuclear proteins with known roles in gene expression, chromatin organization and RNA processing. Key histone modifications and LAP2β (an isoform encoded by TMPO) localization within the nucleus are altered in the absence of K17, correlating with decreased cell proliferation and suppression of GLI1 target genes. Nuclear K17 thus impacts nuclear morphology with an associated impact on chromatin organization, gene expression, and proliferation in epithelial cells.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Fang, Chao, Jiaxing Yao, Xingyu Xia, and Yuan Lin. "Modelling Nuclear Morphology and Shape Transformation: A Review." Membranes 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070540.

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As one of the most important cellular compartments, the nucleus contains genetic materials and separates them from the cytoplasm with the nuclear envelope (NE), a thin membrane that is susceptible to deformations caused by intracellular forces. Interestingly, accumulating evidence has also indicated that the morphology change of NE is tightly related to nuclear mechanotransduction and the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer and Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Theoretically, with the help of well-designed experiments, significant progress has been made in understanding the physical mechanisms behind nuclear shape transformation in different cellular processes as well as its biological implications. Here, we review different continuum-level (i.e., energy minimization, boundary integral and finite element-based) approaches that have been developed to predict the morphology and shape change of the cell nucleus. Essential gradients, relative advantages and limitations of each model will be discussed in detail, with the hope of sparking a greater research interest in this important topic in the future.
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Manda, Naresh Kumar, Upendarrao Golla, Kishore Sesham, Parth Desai, Shrushti Joshi, Satyam Patel, Sharada Nalla, et al. "Tuning between Nuclear Organization and Functionality in Health and Disease." Cells 12, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12050706.

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The organization of eukaryotic genome in the nucleus, a double-membraned organelle separated from the cytoplasm, is highly complex and dynamic. The functional architecture of the nucleus is confined by the layers of internal and cytoplasmic elements, including chromatin organization, nuclear envelope associated proteome and transport, nuclear–cytoskeletal contacts, and the mechano-regulatory signaling cascades. The size and morphology of the nucleus could impose a significant impact on nuclear mechanics, chromatin organization, gene expression, cell functionality and disease development. The maintenance of nuclear organization during genetic or physical perturbation is crucial for the viability and lifespan of the cell. Abnormal nuclear envelope morphologies, such as invagination and blebbing, have functional implications in several human disorders, including cancer, accelerated aging, thyroid disorders, and different types of neuro-muscular diseases. Despite the evident interplay between nuclear structure and nuclear function, our knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms for regulation of nuclear morphology and cell functionality during health and illness is rather poor. This review highlights the essential nuclear, cellular, and extracellular components that govern the organization of nuclei and functional consequences associated with nuclear morphometric aberrations. Finally, we discuss the recent developments with diagnostic and therapeutic implications targeting nuclear morphology in health and disease.
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Brown, Keith W., Thomas White, J. M. Wardlaw, Nicholas Walker, and D. Foley. "Caudate Nucleus Morphology in Tardive Dyskinesia." British Journal of Psychiatry 169, no. 5 (November 1996): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.169.5.631.

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ObjectiveThe objective of this project was to test whether there are differences in the size of the caudate nucleus in schizophrenic in-patients with and without tardive dyskinesia.MethodThe study was cross-sectional in design, examining group differences between institutionalised schizophrenic patients with and without tardive dyskinesia, using non-enhanced computerised tomography scans of the brain. The group comprised 15 schizophrenic patients with persistent tardive dyskinesia and 21 in-patient schizophrenic controls who were group-matched for demographic variables.ResultsThe dyskinetic subjects had a significantly larger left caudate nucleus and tended to have a larger right caudate nucleus than the controls. There were no differences between the groups on any of the measures of cerebral atrophy.ConclusionsThe findings can be understood within the context of models of neostriatal function. It is possible that a larger caudate nucleus could be used to identify patients at risk of developing tardive dyskinesia.
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Ibata, Yasuhiko, Hitoshi Okamura, Masaki Tanaka, Yoshitaka Tamada, Seiji Hayashi, Norio Iijima, Tomoyuki Matsuda, et al. "Functional Morphology of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus." Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 20, no. 3 (July 1999): 241–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/frne.1999.0180.

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Santana-Sosa, Silvia, Emiliano Matos-Perdomo, Jessel Ayra-Plasencia, and Félix Machín. "A Yeast Mitotic Tale for the Nucleus and the Vacuoles to Embrace." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 12 (June 6, 2023): 9829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24129829.

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The morphology of the nucleus is roughly spherical in most eukaryotic cells. However, this organelle shape needs to change as the cell travels through narrow intercellular spaces during cell migration and during cell division in organisms that undergo closed mitosis, i.e., without dismantling the nuclear envelope, such as yeast. In addition, the nuclear morphology is often modified under stress and in pathological conditions, being a hallmark of cancer and senescent cells. Thus, understanding nuclear morphological dynamics is of uttermost importance, as pathways and proteins involved in nuclear shaping can be targeted in anticancer, antiaging, and antifungal therapies. Here, we review how and why the nuclear shape changes during mitotic blocks in yeast, introducing novel data that associate these changes with both the nucleolus and the vacuole. Altogether, these findings suggest a close relationship between the nucleolar domain of the nucleus and the autophagic organelle, which we also discuss here. Encouragingly, recent evidence in tumor cell lines has linked aberrant nuclear morphology to defects in lysosomal function.
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Grandis, Annamaria, Cristiano Bombardi, Beatrice Travostini, Arcangelo Gentile, Monica Joechler, Luciano Pisoni, and Roberto Chiocchetti. "Vestibular nuclear complex in cattle: Topography, morphology, cytoarchitecture and lumbo-sacral projections." Journal of Vestibular Research 17, no. 1 (September 1, 2007): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2007-17102.

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The topography and the main characteristics of the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) in cattle have been studied in serially transversally cut Nissl and Gles-stained sections. By using computerized image analysis software, the cell size, the maximum and minimum diameter of the neurons of each vestibular nucleus were obtained. These parameters were statistically analyzed by comparing the cell population from different nuclei and different parts of each nucleus. Furthermore, in order to investigate the lumbo-sacral projections, the fluorescent tracer Fast Blue was injected into the L6-S1 spinal cord of three calves. Among the vestibular nuclei, the superior was the least extensive rostro-caudally, the medial was the most extensive and contained the smallest cells, the lateral showed the largest neurons, and the descending nucleus contained cells of intermediate size which decreased in a rostrocaudal direction. Concerning the lumbo-sacral projections of the bovine VNC, the present study showed that only the fibers coming from the lateral vestibular nucleus reached the L6-S1 spinal cord. The labelled neurons were most heavily concentrated in the dorsal portion of this nucleus, but scattered neurons were also observed throughout the entire extension of the nucleus. The differences between the descriptions of cattle and other species were described.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Morphology of the nucleus"

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Jabre, Saline. "Impact of mechanical stress on nucleus morphology and transcription on skeletal muscle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS561.

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La réponse du noyau aux contraintes mécaniques impliquent les lamines de type A mais aussi la chromatine et les modifications post-traductionnelles des histones. Cette réponse est essentielle à l’adaptation des cellules aux contraintes mécaniques, notamment dans les tissus soumis à des contraintes mécaniques importantes comme le muscle squelettique. Cependant les mécanismes impliqués restent mal connus. Le premier objectif de ma thèse était de déterminer l'impact de la différenciation musculaire sur les caractéristiques nucléaires de cellules musculaires. Les objectifs suivants étaient d’analyser l’effet de l’expression des protéines de l'enveloppe nucléaire (lamines A/C, SUN1 et SUN2) et de la compaction de la chromatine sur la réponse nucléaire aux contraintes mécaniques. J’ai caractérisé la forme nucléaire et des marqueurs d’histone dans des cellules précurseurs musculaires (MuSC) immortalisées obtenus chez des patients sains et dans des myotubes (72h de différenciation). Les marqueurs d’histones suivants ont été analysés : 1-La tri-méthylation de la lysine4 de l'histone H3 (H3K4me3) et l'acétylation de H3K4 (H3K4ac), associés aux gènes activement transcrits 2- H3K27me3, un marqueur de l'hétérochromatine facultative, régulé par le développement 3- et H3K9me3, un marqueur de l'hétérochromatine constitutive. La différenciation en myotubes est associée à une élongation et à une réduction significative du volume nucléaire. De plus, l'intensité du marquage nucléaire H3K27me3 est significativement plus faible dans les myotubes par rapport aux MuSC alors que les intensités nucléaires H3K9me3 et H3K4me3 sont plus élevées. Ces résultats sont compatibles avec les modifications attendues de l'accessibilité de la machinerie transcriptionnelle avec la différenciation myogénique. Dans les myotubes, la déficience en lamines A/C entraîne une déformation nucléaire qui est majorée par le stretch mécanique (étirement cyclique de 10%, 4h) Le stretch est associé à une augmentation significative du volume nucléaire dans les myotubes témoins, qui est abolie dans les myotubes déficients en lamines A/C. Dans les myotubes témoins, le stretch augmente l'intensité du marquage H3K27me3 et réduit l'intensité du marquage H3K4me3 et H3K4ac. Dans les myotubes déficients en lamines A/C, l’intensité des marqueurs actifs de la chromatine est plus élevée en conditions statiques et stretch s’accompagne d’une augmentation paradoxale de H3K4me3 après. L’inhibition spécifique des histones désacétylases de classe I et II par la trichostatine A induit également une augmentation de H3K4ac en conditions statique et après stretch par rapport au myotubes témoins. A l’inverse, dans les myotubes déficients en SUN2 ou SUN1, l'étirement réduit l'intensité de H3K4me3, alors que l'augmentation de l'intensité nucléaire de H3K27me3 est abolie dans les myotubes déficients en SUN2 étirés. Par ailleurs, la déficience en lamines A/C s’accompagne d’une dérégulation majeure des gènes régulant les marqueurs d’histone. Dans l'ensemble, notre étude met en évidence des modifications importantes des marqueurs post-traductionnels des histones au cours de la différenciation musculaire et lors d'un stress mécanique. Les lamines de type A semblent cruciales pour prévenir l'activation anormale des marqueurs actifs de la chromatine dans les myotubes soumis à un défi mécanique. Nos résultats suggèrent que la mécano-réponse chromatinienne est étroitement régulée par les protéines de l'enveloppe nucléaire dans le muscle squelettique
The lamina, and specifically A-type lamins, are major contributors to nuclear stiffness and deformations. However, chromatin and its histone modification states also contribute to nuclear mechanics independently of A-type lamins. How A-type lamins and chromatin-mediated mechanoresponse contribute to mechanical load-mediated adaptation in normal and pathological skeletal muscle remains unknown. We sought to determine how muscle differentiation impacts nuclear characteristics in muscle cell precursors (MuSCs) and myotubes. Then, we investigated the respective roles of nuclear envelope proteins (lamin A/C, SUN1 and SUN2) and drug-modulated chromatin compaction on the mechanical load-mediated nuclear response in myonuclei. We used immortalized MuSCs obtained from healthy patients and analyzed nuclear shape and chromatin characteristics in MuSCs and myotubes obtained after 72h of differentiation. Histone modifications were analyzed: a) histone H3 lysine4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) and H3K4 acetylation (H3K4ac), associated with transcriptionally active genes, b) H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3), a chromatin repression marker, associated with facultative heterochromatin and c) H3K9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3), a chromatin repression marker associated with constitutive heterochromatin and mainly located at the nuclear periphery. Myotube differentiation was associated with nuclear elongation and significant reduction in nuclear volume. In addition, the relative intensity of nuclear H3K27me3 (chromatin repression marker) labelling was significantly lower in myotubes compared to MuSCs, whereas nuclear H3K9me3 and H3K4me3 (chromatin active marker) intensities were higher in myotubes compared to MuSCs, thereby showing that myogenic differentiation is modulating the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery. Myotubes were silenced for LMNA expression with silencing mRNA strategies and submitted to a cyclic stretch (10%,4hours) to investigate A-type lamin’ roles in nuclear shape and chromatin organization during mechanical stress. A-type lamin deficient myotubes had abnormal nuclear shape in static conditions and nuclear deformations further increased after cyclic stretch. Cyclic stretch was associated with a significant increase in nuclear volume in control myotubes that was abolished in A-type lamin deficient myotubes. In addition, stretching increased the intensity of the H3K27me3 and reduced H3K4me3 and H3K4ac intensities of labelling in nuclei from control myotubes. Importantly, A-type lamin deficiency was associated with higher intensity in chromatin active markers at baseline and a paradoxical increased in H3K4me3 after stretch. Consistent modifications in histone modifications were obtained by western-blots in control and A-type deficient myotubes. Interesting, stretch reduced H3K4me3 intensity both in SUN2 or SUN1-deficient myotubes while the increase in the nuclear intensity of the H3K27me3 was abolished in stretched SUN2-deficient myotubes. Transcriptomic changes associated with A-type lamin deficiency support these results. Trichostatin A (TSA) is a powerful and specific Class I and II histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), widely used to increase the expression of genes silenced by chromatin condensation, thereby favoring chromatin decompaction. TSA increased nuclear volume without affecting nuclear shape both in static and stretched conditions. In addition, TSA decreased H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 intensities in static myotubes but did not prevent the stretch-induced increase in H3K27me3 intensity. Overall, our study highlights crucial changes of histone post-translational markers during muscle differentiation and upon mechanical challenge. A-type lamins appear crucial to prevent abnormal activation of chromatin active markers in mechanically challenged myotubes. Moreover, our results suggest that the nuclear mechano-response is tightly regulated by nuclear envelope proteins in skeletal muscle
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Meaders, Johnathan Lee. "Growth, Morphology, and Positioning of Microtubule Asters in Large Zygotes:." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109018.

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Thesis advisor: David R. Burgess
Microtubule (MT) asters are radial arrays of MTs nucleated from a microtubule organizingcenter (MTOC) such as the centrosome. Within many cell types, which display highly diverse size and shape, MT asters orchestrate spatial positioning of organelles to ensure proper cellular function throughout the cell cycle and development. Therefore, asters have adopted a wide variety of sizes and morphologies, which are directly affects how they migrate and position within the cell. In large cells, for example during embryonic development, asters growth to sizes on the scales of hundreds of microns to millimeters. Due to this relatively enormous size scale, it is widely accepted that MT asters migrate primarily through pulling mechanisms driven by dynein located in the cytoplasm and/or the cell cortex. Moreover, prior to this dissertation, significant contributions from pushing forces as a result of aster growth and expansion against the cell cortex have not been detected in large cells. Here we have reinvestigated sperm aster growth, morphology, and positioning of MT asters using the large interphase sperm aster of the sea urchin zygote, which is historically a powerful system due to long range migration of the sperm aster to the geometric cell center following fertilization. First, through live-cell quantification of sperm aster growth and geometry, chemical manipulation of aster geometry, inhibition of dynein, and targeted chemical ablation, we show that the sperm aster migrates to the zygote center predominantly through a pushing-based mechanism that appears to largely independent of proposed pulling models. Second, we investigate the fundamental principles for how sperm aster size is determined during growth and centration. By physically manipulating egg size, we obtain samples of eggs displaying a wide range of diameters, all of which are at identical developmental stages. Using live-cell and fluorescence microscopy, we find strong preliminary evidence that aster diameter and migration rates show a direct, linear scaling to cell diameter. Finally, we hypothesize that a collective growth model for aster growth, or centrosome independent MT nucleation, may explain how the sperm aster of large sea urchin zygotes overcomes the proposed physical limitations of a pushing mechanism during large aster positioning. By applying two methods of super resolution microscopy, we find support for this collective growth model in the form of MT branching. Together, we present a model in which growth of astral MTs, potentially through a collective growth model, pushes the sperm aster to the zygote center
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
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Russell-Mergenthal, Helen. "Qualitative and quantitative morphology of lateral rectus motoneurons of the principal abducens nucleus." VCU Scholars Compass, 1985. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5602.

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Nine lateral rectus motoneurons of the principal abducens nucleus, intracellularly stained with HRP, were morphometrically analyzed by light microscopy using a new method for determining motoneuron size. Particular emphasis was placed on devising a method of estimating total dendrite size from the proximal dendritic diameter alone. The dendrites of these cells were divided into three types. One type, the microdendrites, had a consistent diameter of l micrometer, variable but short lengths, and added very little to the overall cell size. The majority of the dendrites on these cells (83) were standard in appearance but they could be separated into two further types. Six dendrites differed from the other 77 in that they were tapering processes which branched minimally, had both a rostrally and a caudally directed secondary dendrite and showed a larger ratio for the sum of the secondary dendrite diameters to the proximal dendrite diameter. The remaining 77 branched extensively and traveled either rostral or caudal in the brainstem. However, the most significant difference was quantitative. The tapering dendrites were approximately 2X the size of the prevalent branching dendrites based on proximal diameter measurements. Correlation coefficients of the relation between proximal diameter and surface area or volume of the entire dendrite increased when the correlations were separated into two types. Therefore, to insure the most accurate total size calculations, the regression lines used for estimating dendrite size were of the separate correlations. Total neuron size was calculated by adding the soma and dendrite surface areas. An intraneuronal comparison of size indicated that the size of the soma was not indicative of the size of the cell and it constituted between 2% to 7% of the total cell size. Comparison of the motoneuron size to the mechanical properties of their muscle units was inconclusive. However, a general tendency for small motoneurons to innervate muscle units of lower force output was observed. The smaller motoneurons were generally more dorsally located in the nucleus.
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Zhao, Min. "Morphology and physiology of neurons in the young rat's ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq36947.pdf.

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Fukui, Iwao. "Developmental changes in membrane excitability and morphology of neurons in the nucleus angularis of the chick." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148720.

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Chen, Baiyu, and 陳白羽. "Suprachiasmatic nucleus projecting retinal ganglion cells in golden hamsters development, morphology and relationship with NOS expressingamacrine cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37238218.

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Chen, Baiyu. "Suprachiasmatic nucleus projecting retinal ganglion cells in golden hamsters development, morphology and relationship with NOS expressing amacrine cells." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37238218.

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Graham, Cathy D. "Chemosensitive Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus and the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: Three Dimensional Morphology and Association with the Vasculature." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1409665728.

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Mazzuca, Lisa Marie. "Morphology, star formation, and kinematics of nuclear rings." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3805.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Astronomy. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Yeung, R. R. "Nuclear spin relaxation and morphology of solid polyolefins." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356619.

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Books on the topic "Morphology of the nucleus"

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Yeung, Race R. Nuclear spin relaxation and morphology of solid polyolefins. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1985.

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Baron, Mary Michele. Fractal characterisation of nuclear morphology in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia and carcinoma in situ) in humans. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1994.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Momentum loss in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Momentum loss in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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Khan, Ferdous. Momentum loss in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1993.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., ed. Momentum loss in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1993.

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Semi-classical methods for nucleus-nucleus scattering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Brink, D. M. Semi-classical methods for nucleus-nucleus scattering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Hancock, Ronald, ed. The Nucleus. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1680-1.

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Hancock, Ronald, ed. The Nucleus. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-406-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Morphology of the nucleus"

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Di Marino, Vincent, Yves Etienne, and Maurice Niddam. "Morphology of the Human Amygdala." In The Amygdaloid Nuclear Complex, 17–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23243-0_4.

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Sharp, N. A. "Interaction and Emission Morphology." In Structure and Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei, 713–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4562-3_82.

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Krishnamurthy, Gerbail T., and Shakuntala Krishnamurthy. "Imaging of Liver and Spleen Morphology." In Nuclear Hepatology, 85–123. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00648-7_4.

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Keller, Horst Uwe, and Laurent Jorda. "The morphology of cometary nuclei." In The Century of Space Science, 1235–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0320-9_52.

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Krishnamurthy, Gerbail T., and Shakuntala Krishnamurthy. "Morphology and Microstructure of the Hepatobiliary System." In Nuclear Hepatology, 1–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00648-7_1.

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Krishnamurthy, Gerbail T., and Shakuntala Krishnamurthy. "Morphology and Microstructure of the Hepatobiliary System." In Nuclear Hepatology, 1–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22654-4_1.

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Krishnamurthy, Gerbail T., and Shakuntala Krishnamurthy. "Imaging of the Liver and Spleen Morphology." In Nuclear Hepatology, 59–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22654-4_4.

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Underwood, J. C. E. "Nuclear Morphology and Grading in Tumours." In Current Topics in Pathology, 1–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74668-0_1.

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Pastoriza, M. G., E. Mediavilla, and E. Battaner. "Morphology and Luminosity Distribution of Seyfert Galaxies." In Active Galactic Nuclei, 486–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0963-2_153.

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Toda, Shigenobu, Haowei Shen, and Peter W. Kalivas. "Inhibition of Actin Polymerization Prevents Cocaine-induced Changes in Spine Morphology in the Nucleus Accumbens." In Staging Neuropsychiatric Disorders, 241–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0785-0_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Morphology of the nucleus"

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Finan, John D., and Farshid Guilak. "Osmotic Stress Affects Nuclear Morphology and Genome Architecture." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205759.

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The spatial organization of the genome influences its function [1]. Therefore, physical signals that deform the nucleus and the genome within may directly affect gene transcription and translation. In articular chondrocytes, nuclear deformation in response to osmotic stress is not sensitive to actin organization [2]. However, articular chondrocytes differ from most mammalian cells in that they remain round with cortically organized actin in monolayer culture. Adherent cells such as adipose stem cells (ASCs) spread in monolayer culture, forming a more typical, highly bundled actin cytoskeleton. These actin bundles exert tensile stress on the nucleus so we hypothesized that the osmotic sensitivity of the cell nucleus would be modulated by actin organization in ASCs. The osmotic sensitivity of the nucleus was quantified by measuring changes in the size and shape of the nucleus and the spatial arrangement of the chromatin within using 3D confocal microscopy.
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Kumaresan, Srirangam, Frank A. Pintar, Narayan Yoganandan, Phaladone J. Khouphongsy, and Joseph F. Cusick. "Intervertebral Disc Morphology in Cervical Spine Biomechanics." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0464.

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Abstract Although qualitative descriptions of degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc components have been reported, methods to quantify these changes are lacking. A methodology was developed in this study to quantify the three-dimensional geometrical variations of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. Fresh isolated intervertebral discs with adjacent vertebral bodies of skeletally mature young and old adult primates were sectioned sequentially, and different staining methods were used to distinguish the annulus and nucleus. Histological images were examined using light microscopy and exported to a computer to trace the boundaries of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. Dorsal to ventral depth, medial to lateral width, and caudal to cranial height measurements of the nucleus pulposus and its relative location to the annulus pulposus were obtained. In the young adult, the nucleus was translucent with scattered notochordal cells. In the older adult, the nucleus appeared as a dense region of amorphous, irregular collagen material. A higher geometrical variation of nucleus due to degeneration was noted in the sagittal plane compared to coronal plane. Determination of the three-dimensional geometrical variations and histology analyses will assist mathematical modelers to better define the disc to study the biomechanics of the cervical spine.
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Grosland, Nicole M., Vijay K. Goel, and Leon J. Grobler. "Vertebral Endplate Morphology Predicted via Wolff’s Law." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0162.

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Abstract The thin cortical shell and endplate that surround the trabecular centrum of the vertebral body have yet to be characterized completely. Moreover the optimal thickness values have yet to be predicted. The present investigation coupled an adaptive remodeling algorithm with the FE method to predict the optimal external configuration. Results suggest that the endplate responds to the applied loading conditions, yielding a thinning of the endplate over the nucleus. The predicted thickness values were in agreement with experimental measurements.
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Hwang, Priscilla Y., Christopher L. Gilchrist, Aubrey T. Francisco, Jun Chen, and Lori A. Setton. "Cell Morphology and Migration of Nucleus Pulposus Cells Depends on Substrate Stiffness and Ligand." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80338.

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Changes in nucleus pulposus (NP) cell phenotype and morphology are implicated in the progression of intervertebral disc (IVD) disorders. Understanding how changes in the NP cell microenvironment influence cell behavior and function is important for revealing how pathology-related changes in IVD extracellular matrix may affect NP cell biology. In this study, live-cell imaging techniques were utilized to study changes in cell migration and morphology when cultured upon substrates of different matrix proteins and stiffnesses. Results indicate that soft substrates containing matrix proteins promote cell clustering and cell-cell interactions which mimic in vivo conditions of healthy NP cells.
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Wen, Shin-Min, and Pen-hsiu Grace Chao. "Spatial Actin Structure Does Not Correlate With Nuclear Organization." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14167.

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Cells in situ exhibit a great variety of morphologies that intimately relates to phenotypic controls. Cell morphology regulates cytoskeletal organization, which in turn influences nuclear shape and organization [1–4]. The actomyosin cytoskeleton is connected to a structure known as the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex located on the nuclear membrane. LINC is believed to transmit deformation of the actin cytoskeleton into the nucleus and nucleoskeleton, change nuclear shape as well as chromatin conformation, and modulate gene expression [5, 6]. Khatau and coworkers reported a structure of apical actin dome, called the actin cap, that controls nuclear deformation through LINC [7]. In addition, actin stress fibers hves been shown to compress the nucleus laterally and increase chromatin condensation [4]. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that there is a spatial correlation between the actin cytoskeleton and chromatin density. In the current study, we investigated the role of actin cytoskeleton in nuclear deformation with respect to the z-axis. We found no spatial relationships between actin structure and nuclear deformation or chromatin condensation, suggesting that the actomyosin cytoskeleton acts globally to influence nuclear structure and additional structural components may contribute to the actin-nucleus mechanical coupling.
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Maric, Duica L., Neboja T. Miloevic, Herbert F. Jelinek, and Katarina Rajkovic. "Neurons of the Human Dentate Nucleus: Box-Count Method in the Quantitative Analysis of Cell Morphology." In 2013 19th International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science (CSCS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscs.2013.33.

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Al-Fadhli, Mohammed B. "The Morphology of the Active Galactic Nucleus and its Impact on Accretion Flows and Relativistic Jets." In Electronic Conference on Universe. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecu2023-14026.

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Jetta, Deekshitha, Deepika Verma, Mohammad M. Maneshi, and Susan Z. Hua. "Shear Stress Induced Calcium Dependent Nuclear Deformation in Epithelial Cells." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87650.

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External mechanical forces can reach the cell nucleus causing changes in nuclear morphology, size and motility. A common explanation is that these forces are transmitted by surrounding cytoskeleton network through its linkage to nuclear envelope; shear stress causes reorganization of cytoskeleton, thus, the changes in nuclear shape. In this study, we measured nuclear shape and intracellular Ca2+ under fluid shear stress in MDCK cells using a parallel plate microfluidic chip. We show that fluid shear stress (1.1 dyn/cm2, 3 hrs) causes significant changes in nuclear shape in cells, from a flat disk shape having larger area to a thicker disk having smaller area. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ is required for shear induced nucleus deformation. Inhibiting Ca2+ influx with GsMTx4 and Gd3+ eliminated Ca2+ influx and abolished the nuclear deformation. The cytoskeleton reorganization occurred in parallel with Ca2+ rise in the cells. Increasing intracellular Ca2+ with thapsigargin that depletes the Ca2+ stores resumed the nuclear deformation. This suggests that shear induced nuclear deformation is a Ca2+ dependent process.
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Cortes, Daniel H., Jeremy F. Magland, Alexander C. Wright, Victor H. Barocas, and Dawn M. Elliott. "Magnetic Resonance Elastography of Nucleus Pulposus Shear Modulus: A New Approach for Disc Degeneration Biomarkers." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80537.

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Intervertebral disc degeneration is cell mediated cascade of biochemical, mechanical and structural changes that disrupts its function. These changes are difficult to overturn; consequently, early diagnosis is key for the success of any treatment. Clinically, disc degeneration is diagnosed by the interpretation of morphological changes observed in T2 weighted MR images. However, those changes in morphology are characteristic of moderate to advanced stages of degeneration. Therefore, this method is not useful to diagnose early stages of disc degeneration.
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Pinheiro Simão Ribeiro, Vivyan, Maria das Graças Machado Freire, Glória Andreia Ferreira Hernández, Michel Picanço Oliveira, and Bárbara Ferreira de Oliveira. "Proposal for a new monolithic constructive system using mycocomposite nucleus." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Exatas & Engenharias, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/885x331120212419.

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“Green” materials and productive processes have progressively been searched for. In the last years, it has increased the number of researches regarding mycocomposites characterization and, above all, their applicability. Biofabrication is a process that is carried out by incubating the substrate composed of organic residues with fungal mycelium. During incubation, the fungus gradually develops on the substrate, penetrating the microscopic channels of the different residues, and acting both as a reinforcing fiber and as a binding material. This Project was designed to seek the most suitable combination between substrate components and the fungus Ganoderma sp.aiming to obtain a mycocomposite which could be used as a nucleus of an alternative monolithic constructive system. In this project, composites using the fungus Ganoderna sp. and five different types of waste (white wood sawdust, cornstarch, bark and coffee grounds, and piassava fiber) were investigated. The morphology of these components, as well as mycelium and substrate interaction, was studied by scanning electron microscopy technique. The mechanical properties were determined through bending and compression tests, being correlated with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The fabrication of a mycocomposite panel was proposed as an application; it could be included as the core of the prototype of a building system of walls, structured with steel and mortar. Thus, this project aimed to contribute to the ecosystem’s quality, once the raw material used was composed of organic waste that would be reinserted in a production process instead of being discarded in nature. Besides, the project suggests the production of a new biologically-based material for civil construction.
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Reports on the topic "Morphology of the nucleus"

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Barrall, Geoffrey Alden. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of macroscopic morphology and dynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/125104.

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Tran, Emily, Jasmine J. Park, Nandini N. Kulkarni, and Vinay S. Gundlapalli. Left Facial Primary Leiomyosarcoma Misdiagnosed as Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Immunochemical Markers Relevant to Diagnosis: A Case Report. Science Repository, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ajscr.2023.04.03.

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Soft tissue sarcomas are relatively rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin that generally make up less than 2% of all adult malignant neoplasms. Atypical fibroxanthoma is a benign soft tissue tumor often confused with malignant variants of similar tumors such as leiomyosarcoma due to similar staining markers and cell morphology. We report a case of a 70-year-old caucasian male who initially presented with a 2 cm exophytic left facial lesion that was misdiagnosed as atypical fibroxanthoma upon biopsy. The patient underwent a wide local excision of the growing 11 cm mass and immediate reconstruction with a cervicofacial flap and full thickness skin graft. Pathological analysis of the specimen revealed the final diagnosis as confirmed primary leiomyosarcoma. Both the patient’s biopsy report and the surgical pathology report revealed similar negative findings (desmin, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, p63, SOX10) as well as similar positive findings (smooth muscle actin and CD68). Critical distinctions that led to a change in diagnosis from atypical fibroxanthoma to leiomyosarcoma emerged during the final pathological analysis, which revealed more widespread positive staining for smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin throughout the surgical specimen along with detailed cell and nucleus morphology of atypical spindle cells in the dermis and subcutis. This valuable information was not available during the initial biopsy when the lesion was smaller. It is possible that earlier diagnosis of primary leiomyosarcoma could have resulted in advanced pre-operative treatment and excision of the facial lesion, preventing involvement of surrounding areas such as the patient’s left eye, ear, and facial nerve.
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Simon, Pierre Clement, Michael Tonks, Arthur Motta, and Long Qing Chen. Development of a fully validated quantitative model of hydride morphology in zirconium alloy nuclear fuel cladding. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1473586.

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Harvey, B. G. Microscopic model of nucleus-nucleus collisions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5656256.

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Kirk, P. N. A search for the production of direct leptons in nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5075242.

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Kirk, P. N. A search for the production of direct leptons in nucleon-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6312681.

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Keane, D. Nucleus-nucleus collisions and the nuclear equation of state. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6694884.

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Finnell, Joshua Eugene, Martin Klein, and Brian J. Cain. Nucleus: A pilot project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1356170.

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Kulkarni, Gourihar R., and G. L. Kok. Mobile Ice Nucleus Spectrometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1071991.

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McGuire, Dennis W. Lattice-Algebraic Morphology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada353568.

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