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Academic literature on the topic 'Morphologie du noyau'
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Journal articles on the topic "Morphologie du noyau"
Emeribe, A. O., and V. O. Anosa. "Hématologie de l’infection expérimentale à Trypanosoma brucei gambiense II. Changements érythrocytaires et leucocytaires." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 44, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9216.
Full textCaire, F., L. Ouchchane, L. Sakka, J. Chazal, and J. J. Lemaire. "Étude IRM morphologique du repérage probabiliste du noyau sous thalamique." Morphologie 91, no. 293 (July 2007): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2007.09.038.
Full textBodelot, Colette. "Retour sur les marges de la subordination complétive en latin." Journal of Latin Linguistics 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2016-0005.
Full textAlizadeh, Azizollah, Etienne Geraert, and Ebrahim Pourjam. "Some pratylenchids from Iran (Nematoda: Tylenchina)." Nematology 2, no. 8 (2000): 855–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100750112806.
Full textLe Blay, H., E. Raynaud, E. Rieux, G. Rolland, S. Bouayadi, A. Saussine, M. Jachiet, J. D. Bouaziz, and B. Lynch. "Dermatite atopique sous dermocorticoïdes : visualisation et quantification LC-OCT de l’évolution de la morphologie de l’épiderme et des noyaux des kératinocytes." Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie - FMC 3, no. 8 (December 2023): A183—A184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fander.2023.09.213.
Full textSahi, Samira, Hocine Djidjelli, Souad Touazi, and Amar Boukerrou. "Valorisation des déchets ligno-cellulosiques pour la préparation d’un nouveau matériau composite PVC/farine des noyaux de dattes." Matériaux & Techniques 109, no. 1 (2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2021014.
Full textZhong, Rui Mei, I. C. Noyan, and J. B. Cohen. "X -Ray Elastic Constants and Their Meaning for Al and Fe." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010065.
Full textLaverdière, Camille, and Pierre Guimont. "Le vocabulaire de la géomorphologie glaciaire, IX. Terminologie illustrée des formes mineures d’érosion glaciaire." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 34, no. 3 (January 28, 2011): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000419ar.
Full textDelage, Marc, and Pierre Gangloff. "Façonnement du modelé drumlinoïde par deux écoulements glaciaires successifs au sud-ouest de Montréal." 61, no. 2-3 (February 3, 2010): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038988ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Morphologie du noyau"
Mermet-Joret, Noëmie. "Etude du développement postnatal des interneurones de la couche II interne dans le sous-noyau caudal du trijumeau chez le rat." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1DD02.
Full textThe first postnatal weeks are pivotal for the development of pain sensitivity and are associated with structural and functional reorganization of sensory systems. Interneurons located in the inner part of lamina II(IIi) of the caudal trigeminal subnucleus (Sp5C), the first central node in orofacial tactile and nociceptive pathways, are key elements in circuits underlying the orofacial mechanical allodynia. The aim of this thesis is to study the morphological (by using immunohistochemistry and tridimensional morphological analysis) and functional (by using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings) postnatal development of these interneurons. First, we looked at a very specific population of lamina IIi interneurons expressing the gamma isoform of the protein kinase C (PKCγ). At the earliest stage of our study (3 postnatal days, P3), PKCγ interneurons are present in all superficial layers but PKCγ interneurons can be observed in lamina IIi only at P6. The number of PKCγ interneurons within this lamina then increases gradually up to P11-15. At this age, the number of PKCγ interneurons in lamina IIi is almost the same as that at later ages. Interestingly, we show that neither cell proliferation nor the gradual projection of nociceptive fibers within the Sp5C accounts for such increase. We also studied the development of the whole population of lamina IIi interneurons. These interneurons undergo a large number of morphological changes, in their soma (increased volume) as well as neurites (concomitant increase in length and decrease in number and branching). Furthermore, according to electrophysiological properties, lamina IIi interneurons, at birth, are more depolarized, have a lower rheobase – suggesting that they are more excitable – and exhibit more frequently a single action potential discharge profile compared with mature ones. All these structural and functional changes of lamina IIi interneurons might contribute to the development of orofacial sensitivity
Gatimel, Nicolas. "Morphométrie des vacuoles du spermatozoïde humain : intérêt physiopathologique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30164.
Full textFor over 30 years, many publications have sought to explain the pathophysiology of human sperm morphological abnormalities and showed correlations between the percentage of normal forms and functional defect and some relationships with some exposure factors. The physiological nature of most of the "features" of human sperm morphology makes the interpretation of human sperm morphology very difficult except for monomorphic defects. To these difficulties of interpretation, come to add the lack of analytical reliability of current techniques for assessing human sperm morphology making very difficult the use of threshold of normal forms for the choice of medical treatment of infertile couple in Assisted Reproductive Treatment. Recently a new aspect of sperm morphology, the head vacuoles, has shown to be of interest. The vacuoles can be easily observed using Nomarski interference contrast microscopy at high magnification: ×6000 to 10000 (optical magnification ×1000 associated with digital enhancements that achieves a final magnification up to 6000) even on motile spermatozoa (MSOME: Motile Sperm Organellar Morphology Examination). The origin of these vacuoles raises many questions. Several studies have found a link between chromatin condensation defects and the presence of sperm head vacuoles and clinical interest of MSOME is still somewhat debated. To add new arguments concerning the origin of the sperm-head vacuoles observed under high magnification with interference contrast microscopy, we carried out in two patients with total globozoospermia confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a detailed sperm morphometric analysis with MSOME, an acrosomal status analysis (using fluorescent labelling with peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectins and anti-CD46 antibodies) and a nuclear status analysis (using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay TUNEL, sperm chromatin structure assay SCSA and aniline blue staining). Our two patients with globozoospermia had relative sperm vacuole areas of 6.3% and 5%, similar to those observed in a reference population of 12 fertile men (5.9%). This study provides further information on the non-acrosomal origin of the sperm-head vacuoles. Since the development of MSOME for observing the cephalic vacuoles at high magnification, no study as yet assessed the effect of cryopreservation on these vacuoles, although sperm freezing-thawing procedures are known to affect sperm quality. In 27 sperm samples from fertile men, morphological analysis at high magnification (·6000) using image analysis software was performed before freezing and after thawing, there was no evidence for any difference in any vacuolar criteria (relative vacuole area, total vacuole area, vacuole area in the anterior, median and basal parts of the head, percentage of spermatozoa with a vacuole area < 6.5% and percentage of spermatozoa with a vacuole area >13%). Freezing-thawing procedures have no effect on human sperm vacuoles. In order to establish reference values concerning sperm vacuoles and to know if the assessment of sperm vacuoles at high magnification can contribute to the explanation of idiopathic infertility, I investigated the number, position and area of sperm head vacuoles using an image analysis software in 50 fertile men and 50 infertile men were within couples who had unexplained infertility and were consulting in our centre. After analysis, the characteristics of sperm head vacuoles (number, area, position) are no different between fertile controls and patients with unexplained infertility
Poulet, Axel. "Study of the role of plant nuclear envelope and lamina-like components in nuclear and chromatin organisation using 3D imaging." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22703/document.
Full textThe linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is an evolutionarily well-conserved protein bridge connecting the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments across the nuclear membrane. While recent data supports its function in nuclear morphology and meiosis, its implication for chromatin organisation has been less studied in plants. The first aim of this work was to develop NucleusJ a simple and user-friendly ImageJ plugin dedicated to the characterisation of nuclear morphology and chromatin organisation in 3D. NucleusJ quantifies 15 parameters including shape and size of nuclei as well as intra-nuclear objects and their position within the nucleus. A step-by-step documentation is available for self-training, together with data sets of nuclei with different nuclear organisation. Several improvements are ongoing to release a new version of this plugin. In a second part of this work, 3D imaging methods have been used to investigate nuclear morphology and chromatin organisation in interphase nuclei of the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana in which heterochromatin domains cluster in conspicuous chromatin regions called chromocentres. Chromocentres form a repressive chromatin environment contributing to the transcriptional silencing of repeated sequences a general mechanism needed for genome stability. Quantitative measurements of 3D position of chromocentres in the nucleus indicate that most chromocentres are situated in close proximity to the periphery of the nucleus but that this distance can be altered according to nuclear volume or in specific mutants affecting the LINC complex. Finally, the LINC complex is proposed to contribute at the proper chromatin organisation and positioning since its alteration is associated with the release of transcriptional silencing as well as decompaction of heterochromatic sequences. The last part of this work takes advantage of available genomic sequences and RNA-seq data to explore the evolution of NE proteins in plants and propose a minimal requirement to built the simplest functional nuclear envelope. Altogether, work achieved in this thesis associate genetics, molecular biology, bioinformatics and imaging to better understand the contribution of the nuclear envelope in nuclear morphology and chromatin organisation and suggests the functional implication of the LINC complex in these processes
Dutour, Provenzano Gaëlle. "Role of intermediate filaments in mechanotransduction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS364.
Full textCells continuously adapt to their microenvironment. In particular, they modulate their morphology, growth, division, and motility according to the biochemical and physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells are equipped with adhesive structures called FAs, allowing them to interact with ECM proteins through the core transmembrane proteins called integrins and to sense the nature and the rigidity of the ECM. This information are transduced by FA proteins and lead, for instance, to changes in acto-myosin-mediated mechanical tension. Downstream signalling pathways also reach the nucleus; gene expression is then modified and may, in return, affect the composition of FAs or of the ECM proteins for adaptative cell response. Here, we hypothesized that, in addition to signalling pathways, a direct mechanical coupling between the events occurring at the cell periphery and the nucleus may participate in the transmission of mechanical cues and the regulation of nuclear functions. Although intermediate filaments (IFs) have extremely interesting mechanical properties and resist high tension load, their involvement in mechanotransduction pathways remains elusive. Using astrocyte as a model, due to its specific combination of IFs: vimentin, GFAP, nestin, and synemin, we studied first the effect of substrate rigidity on the nucleus morphology and function, and on the organisation of IFs around the nucleus. Then, we investigated the role of IFs in rigidity-induced nuclear changes. Using a combination of microfabrication techniques, biochemical and microscopy methods, we showed that substrate rigidity affects the nucleus shape, volume, and structure of the chromatin and the recruitment of transcription factor (YAP) and IFs are mediating these changes. Our results suggest that IFs form a cage-like structure around the nucleus in a rigidity-dependent manner: stiffer substrates promote the formation of a cage of vimentin and nestin. In the absence of IFs, the nuclear changes induced by rigidity are different than with IF. The nucleus increases its size in soft substrate, together with an increase in tension measured by YAP localising in the nucleus. The structure of the chromatin is changed. Altogether, the results obtained during our investigation give a better understanding of the role of intermediate filaments in the mechanosensitive nuclear responses
Jabre, Saline. "Impact of mechanical stress on nucleus morphology and transcription on skeletal muscle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS561.
Full textThe lamina, and specifically A-type lamins, are major contributors to nuclear stiffness and deformations. However, chromatin and its histone modification states also contribute to nuclear mechanics independently of A-type lamins. How A-type lamins and chromatin-mediated mechanoresponse contribute to mechanical load-mediated adaptation in normal and pathological skeletal muscle remains unknown. We sought to determine how muscle differentiation impacts nuclear characteristics in muscle cell precursors (MuSCs) and myotubes. Then, we investigated the respective roles of nuclear envelope proteins (lamin A/C, SUN1 and SUN2) and drug-modulated chromatin compaction on the mechanical load-mediated nuclear response in myonuclei. We used immortalized MuSCs obtained from healthy patients and analyzed nuclear shape and chromatin characteristics in MuSCs and myotubes obtained after 72h of differentiation. Histone modifications were analyzed: a) histone H3 lysine4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) and H3K4 acetylation (H3K4ac), associated with transcriptionally active genes, b) H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3), a chromatin repression marker, associated with facultative heterochromatin and c) H3K9 tri-methylation (H3K9me3), a chromatin repression marker associated with constitutive heterochromatin and mainly located at the nuclear periphery. Myotube differentiation was associated with nuclear elongation and significant reduction in nuclear volume. In addition, the relative intensity of nuclear H3K27me3 (chromatin repression marker) labelling was significantly lower in myotubes compared to MuSCs, whereas nuclear H3K9me3 and H3K4me3 (chromatin active marker) intensities were higher in myotubes compared to MuSCs, thereby showing that myogenic differentiation is modulating the accessibility of the transcriptional machinery. Myotubes were silenced for LMNA expression with silencing mRNA strategies and submitted to a cyclic stretch (10%,4hours) to investigate A-type lamin’ roles in nuclear shape and chromatin organization during mechanical stress. A-type lamin deficient myotubes had abnormal nuclear shape in static conditions and nuclear deformations further increased after cyclic stretch. Cyclic stretch was associated with a significant increase in nuclear volume in control myotubes that was abolished in A-type lamin deficient myotubes. In addition, stretching increased the intensity of the H3K27me3 and reduced H3K4me3 and H3K4ac intensities of labelling in nuclei from control myotubes. Importantly, A-type lamin deficiency was associated with higher intensity in chromatin active markers at baseline and a paradoxical increased in H3K4me3 after stretch. Consistent modifications in histone modifications were obtained by western-blots in control and A-type deficient myotubes. Interesting, stretch reduced H3K4me3 intensity both in SUN2 or SUN1-deficient myotubes while the increase in the nuclear intensity of the H3K27me3 was abolished in stretched SUN2-deficient myotubes. Transcriptomic changes associated with A-type lamin deficiency support these results. Trichostatin A (TSA) is a powerful and specific Class I and II histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), widely used to increase the expression of genes silenced by chromatin condensation, thereby favoring chromatin decompaction. TSA increased nuclear volume without affecting nuclear shape both in static and stretched conditions. In addition, TSA decreased H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 intensities in static myotubes but did not prevent the stretch-induced increase in H3K27me3 intensity. Overall, our study highlights crucial changes of histone post-translational markers during muscle differentiation and upon mechanical challenge. A-type lamins appear crucial to prevent abnormal activation of chromatin active markers in mechanically challenged myotubes. Moreover, our results suggest that the nuclear mechano-response is tightly regulated by nuclear envelope proteins in skeletal muscle
Vincent, Anne. "Etude des neurones du Noyau du Faisceau Solitaire au cours du développement postnatal chez le rat : approche électrophysiologique et morphologique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30052.
Full textGazan, Adeline. "Rôle des interneurones somatostatine dans la physiologie striatale :une approche morphologique, électrophysiologique et comportementale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/283380/4/these.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
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Mseddi, Eya. "Exploration cérébrale structurelle et morphologique de la posture chez des patients atteints de sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100162.
Full textThe Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [ALS] is an idiopathic pathology with a fatal outcome. It is characterized by a progressive and selective degeneration of motor neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. ALS is no longer exclusively identified as a disease of the pyramidal pathway, but it is considered more broadly as multisystem neurodegenerative pathology. However, the analysis of postural processes in these patients has not been well studied in the literature. Multimodal brain imaging (Diffusion Tensor Imaging [DTI] and Voxel Based Morphometry [VBM]) exploration was performed for ALS patients with postural instability [AIP] and without postural instability [SIP] to test the morphometric and structural integrity of postural cortical and subcortical regions. A significant increase of gray matter in caudate nucleus volume has been noticed for stable patients (SIP vs controls p<0.001, SIP vs AIP p<0.01). The structural evaluation revealed a decrease of the Fractional Anisotropy [FA] at the Supplementary Motor Area [SMA] level in both groups of patients compared to controls (controls vs SIP p<0.05, controls vs. AIP p<0.001). At the caudate nucleus, the AIP group showed FA value decrease compared to controls (p<0.001) and SIP subjects (p<0.05). Thus, these results would contribute to a better characterization and understanding of the cortical and subcortical impairments of the postural regions in ALS patients
Dufour, Martial. "Développement post-natal et maturation des propriétés électrophysiologiques des neurones dopaminergiques de la substance noire compacte de rat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5069.
Full textThe firing pattern of dopaminergic neurons seems to strongly evolve during the first postnatal weeks, involving changes in intrinsic and synaptic properties, but our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these changes and their precise timecourse is still fragmented.In a first study, we characterized the expression profile of several somato-dendritic voltage-gated ion channels in dopaminergic neurons during postnatal development. Our results describe the major changes in expression of these ion channels occurring between P6, P21 and P40.In a second study, we described the modifications in electrophysiological behavior of dopaminergic neurons across the first four postnatal weeks. We show that the acquisition of the mature electrical phenotype of dopaminergic neurons mainly involves two developmental transitions occurring between P3 and P5 and then between P9 and P11, respectively.Finally, in a third study, we attempted to define the major morphological changes occurring during early postnatal development and to measure their impact on the electrophysiological profile of dopaminergic neurons. Our results suggest that the morphology of the axon and the axon initial segment strongly change during the first three postnatal weeks, even though these changes do not seem to significantly influence the excitability of dopaminergic neurons or the shape of their action potential.We were able to characterize the main developmental transitions leading to the acquisition of the mature electrical phenotype of dopaminergic neurons, and to describe some of the biophysical and morphological changes associated with this electrophysiological maturation
Marin, Frédéric. "The complex morphology of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei : multi-wavelength radiative transfer and polarization." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001920.
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