Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Morphologie de films minces'
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Al, Mohammad Ahmad. "Structure et morphologie des surfaces d'Al2O3α et des films minces WO3 : application à leurs interactions avec Au." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30011.
Full textThis work concerns the study of the oxyde surfaces (preparation, structure, morphology) and their interaction with metallic deposit (granulometry and reactivity). The oxide surfaces which were used are the alumina surfaces and tungsten oxide. We prepared and characterized the crystallographic structure of the substrate surfaces by RHEED, AFM, and AES techniques. We studied the growth of gold deposit on these various surfaces. We studied the influence of the surface atomic structure on the gold deposit growth and investigated the interactions between the surface and the gold atoms. For that we examined gold deposits of various thicknesses, deposited at various temperatures on stoichiometric or reduced surfaces (1012 ) and (0001) of alumina. .
Hamade, Sami. "Influence de pliures plastiques sur la morphologie de cloques et de marches d'interface sur leur propagation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2296/document.
Full textThis study consisted to characterize the influence of plasticity on the shapes of blisters observed on the surface of thin films deposited on substrates using finite element simulations. In the first part, we looked at the possible influence of the plasticity of the film on the morphologies observed experimentally on the surface of gold films. The simulations thus enabled to characterize the destabilization of a circular blister under the effect of an overpressure exerted on the outer surface of the film, leading to the formation of croissant and donut like blisters. To do this, a 3D model including an elasto-plastic law was first considered to describe the buckling of the ductile film. A similar 2D model which is less expensive in numerical computing resources was then used by imposing a plastic folding on the circumference of the blister. The different morphologies of blisters have been then determined as a function of the external overpressure and internal stress. A good agreement was obtained between numerical simulations and experimental observations confirming the role of the overpressure and plasticity in this destabilization. In the second part, the effect on the spread of straight blisters of interface steps resulting from the plastic deformation of the substrate was investigated. From finite element simulations incorporating a cohesive zone model taking into account a modal mixity, the influence of the step heights and their orientations with respect to the compression axis, an orientation related to crystallography, was characterized
Celle, Caroline. "Filmes minces et ultra-minces de polymères amorphe (PS) et semi-cristallin (PCL) : élaboration - structure et morphologie - propriétés particulièes (Tg, Tf, Tc)." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10265.
Full textVignaud, Guillaume. "Etude par réflectivité et diffusion des rayons X de la mise en ordre et de la morphologie de surface de films minces de copolymères PS-PBMA." Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1017.
Full textToudert, Johann. "Croissance, nanostructure et réponse optique de films minces d'agrégats d'argent dans des matrices diélectriques." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502443.
Full textChaumin, Midoir Anne. "Magnétisme, structure et morphologie des films minces de cobalt déposés sur des surfaces vicinales de cuivre Cu(1 1 11) et Cu(115)." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120033.
Full textMagnetic nanostructures can have properties very different from those of bulk materials. One method to make small objects is to evaporate on a nanostructured substrate like vicinal surfaces with atomic steps. The understanding of magnetic properties of these systems requires a precise determination of their structure and morphology to evaluate the effects of their reduced size and their morphology. We have studied thin cobalt films deposited on Cu(1 1 11) and Cu(115) surfaces by three techniques. Magnetic properties were probed by magneto-optic Kerr effect whereas morphology and cristallographic structure were determined respectively by scanning tunneling microscope and surface EXAFS. The Kerr effects results show an uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with the easy axis along the step edge direction. The anisotropy on the substrate with smaller tenaces (Cu(115)) is larger. The STM experiments show an important evolution of the morphology with the quantity of deposited cobalt. Thanks to EXAFS, we evidenced that from 3 monolayers (ML) of cobalt on Cu(1 1 11) and 5 ML on Cu(115), the structure is nearly the same as for Co/Cu(001) i. E. Face centered tetragonal and we show that the presence of nanow tenaces does not induce any structural anisotropy in the (001) plane. Simulations of magnetic anisotropy which account for missing bonds at the surface and at the step edge (Néel model) and magnetoelastic effects induced by the tetragonalisation show that the uniaxial anisotropy is mainly due to the films morphology and that the structural distortion contribution is very small
Laurent, Jean-Marc. "Influence de la chimie des précurseurs sur la morphologie et les caractéristiques électriques et optiques de films à base de dioxyde d'étain déposés par le procédé pyrosol." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0019.
Full textGuillemin, Yann. "Électrogénération sol-gel de films minces siliceux mésostructurés : méthylation, variations structurales, contrôle morphologique et microlithographie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0249/document.
Full textThanks to an Electro-Assisted Self-Assembly (EASA) cooperative process, the sol-gel electrogeneration of silica thin films from sols containing alkoxysilanes and cationic surfactant molecules (cetyltrimethylammonium: CTAB) allows to obtain mesostructured films exhibiting mesopore channels orthogonal to the substrate. Organized methylated silica thin films with "vertically"-aligned mesopores were electrogenerated by performing a one-step co-condensation between alkoxysilanes and organo-alkoxysilanes in the presence of CTAB. Monitoring mass transport issues inside these thin layers demonstrates that their permeability can be modulated by the -CH3 moieties ratio. The EASA process was then extended to the use of mainly aqueous sols. This permits the electrogeneration of new structures, the control of the porous network orientation and a modulation of the deposited material morphology by changing the CTA+ counter-anion. Various synthesis strategies aiming at increasing the porosity of electrogenerated films were evaluated (use of swelling agents and a triblock copolymer). Some convincing results dealing with the electrogeneration of silica films exhibiting a hierarchical porosity (combination of mesopores with macropores) are also presented. Finally, the last part of this work demonstrates how the EASA process can be applied at the local scale (micrometric) by using a scanning electrochemical microscope as a synthesis tool, thus opening the way to the sol-gel electromicrolithography
Legrand, Jérémy. "Étude de la photoluminescence de films d'AlN dopé erbium (AlN-Er) déposés par PVD magnétron RF." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0186/document.
Full textDuring the last decades, rare-earth-doped III-V thin films have been the subject of growing interest and the topic of many studies. Because III-V nitrides possess a direct gap, they are suitable host matrices to allow rare-earth (RE) luminescence. Thereby, by combining the III-V and the RE characteristics, it becomes possible to consider promising applications in the optoelectronic field. In this study, erbium (Er) was chosen because of its emission both in the visible and in the infrared range. In this work, Er-doped AlN thin films were prepared in an experimental PVD sputtering magnetron radiofrequency reactor. During the deposition, an applied negative bias on the substrate allowed to obtain different kinds of crystalline morphology of the deposited layers, which were studied by several characterization techniques such as AFM, DRX, ellipsometry, MEB, MET. Luminescence properties of the films were investigated both experimentally and with an optical model by photoluminescence (light excitation) spectroscopy. Experimental measurements by cathodoluminescence (electronic excitation) spectroscopy were also performed. This thesis aimed to optimize the elaboration process and the material and to get a better understanding of the influence of AlN host matrix crystalline morphology on the erbium luminescence efficiency. The AlN:Er system stood as a model system and the obtained results could be extended to the other RE
Chaumin, Midoir Anne. "Magnétisme, structure et morphologie des films minces de cobalt déposés sur des surfaces vicinales de cuivre Cu(1 1 11) et Cu(1 1 5)." Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001977.
Full textMorazzani, Valérie. "Etude de la croissance de films minces obtenus par oxydation et nitruration thermiques du silicium poreux : influence sur la morphologie, les defauts et la photoluminescence." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077101.
Full textKanawati, Abdulwahab. "Influence des procédés de mise en oeuvre de films sur la morphologie et les propriétés diélectriques du polyfluorure de vinylidène et d'un copolymère à 2,5 % C2F3Cl." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10098.
Full textDornel, Erwan. "Évolution morphologique par diffusion de surface et application à l'étude du démouillage de films minces solides." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188296.
Full textLa première partie présente, par l'expérience et la simulation, l'agglomération de films minces non contraints de silicium sur dioxyde de silicium. La ligne triple d'équilibre entre le film, le substrat et le gaz environnant, ainsi que les effets d'anisotropie apparaissent comme des paramètres prépondérants de l'évolution morphologique.
Dans la seconde partie, portant sur les films minces contraints de silicium, l'agglomération suivant les directions des dislocations a été expérimentalement observée et la dynamique de telles surfaces à été étudiée numériquement pour mettre en évidence la non-linéarité des instabilités liées à la contrainte élastique. Une forme d'équilibre nouvelle, où le film contraint n'est ni plan ni aggloméré, est mise en évidence.
La troisième partie ouvre la problématique de la diffusion de surface à des systèmes autres que des films minces notamment aux nanofils et aux microcavités où des géométries particulières peuvent être obtenues, conduisant à des procédés de fabrication et à des dispositifs innovants.
Dornel, Erwan. "Évolution morphologique par diffusion de surface et application à l'étude du démouillage de films minces solides." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10223.
Full textThis present work is about the morphological evolution of a solid material considering the diffusion of the atoms at the surface. This issue mainly deals with the dewetting and the agglomeration of thin films. It is encountered in microelectronics, but it is generic as it is also observed in metallurgy and microtechnology. The first part presents, by experiments and simulations, the agglomeration of non-strained thin silicon films on silicon dioxide. The triple line equilibrium between the film, the substrate and the environmental gas as well as anisotropic effects appear to be governing parameters of the morphological evolution of solid films. In the second part, on the strained thin films, the agglomeration following the dislocation directions has been experimentally observed, and the dynamic of such surfaces has been numerically studied to show the non-linearity due to elastic stress. A new equilibrium state, where the strained film is nor plan, neither agglomerate, has been evidenced. The third part opens the issue of surface diffusion on other systems than thin films, such as nanowires and microcavities where particular geometry may be obtained, allowing new processing methods and innovating devices
Nénon, Sébastien. "Contribution à l'étude du transport ambipolaire dans les transistors organiques : impact du procédé de fabrication sur les performances des couches minces." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22085/document.
Full textDuring the past decade, plactic electronics has become an active research domain, both fundamental and application side. Undestanding and controling the phenomenom which rule the ambipolar transport is one of the main aims of research in organic electronics and transistors. After an introduction giving the principles and a state of the art of organic ambipolar transistors, materials and methods used are described. The first chapter deals with the results obtains whith transistors based on copper phtalocyanines elaborated by a vacuum evaporation process. Stability is isolated moieties was first investigated. Then, morphology, performance and structure of bilayer and blend systems. The second chapter presents the results obtained for transistors elabored by LIFT (Laser Induced Forward Transfer). The first n-channel and p-channel transistors elabored by laser deposition were obtained from copper phtalocynanines. Then the possibility to obtain ambipolar decives was investigated. This brand new technology can permit to create microstructures with a great deposition velocity. The last chapter presents the liquid way approach. DH-DS2T and PDIF-CN2 solutions were used to realise link by mixing the two solutions. those ink where deposited by drop-cast or spin-coating. Finally, the different methods used in this work were evaluated and compared in order to define their usefulness and applicability
Brunet, Paul. "Procédé de dépôt de couches minces nanocomposites par décharge à barrière diélectrique : de l'aérosol d'une suspension colloïdale à la morphologie du dépôt." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0018.
Full textDevelopment of an atmospheric pressure process presents a major concern in the deposition of nanocomposites thin films. Among these processes, Dielectrics Barrier Discharges takes advantages to be green processes without gas effluent, which can be easily integrate in an industrial line production. The chosen approach for the nanocomposite thin film deposition is based on the injection of an aerosol of a colloidal suspension in the DBD. Semi-conductive TiO2 nanoparticles are chosen and put in suspension in a polymerizable alcohol as isopropanol. The objective of the present work is to control the transport of the nanoparticles as well as the matrix growth in the DBD in order to realize the nanocomposites thin film Different methods of the aerosol formation and filtration are evaluated, as well as the carrier gas (Ar, N2). In each case considered, the discharge works in filamentary. Estimating values of the different forces acting on the nanoparticles in a DBD comforted by a numerical model allowed to guide the experimentations. Thanks to the parameter which generated the plasma, it is possible to influence the nanoparticles deposition and the matrix growth. Depositions are ex situ analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Infra-red, Raman, and X-ray spectroscopy and in situ by laser scattering. In the filamentary regime considered, we show that the gas flow rate and the frequency of the voltage play a dominant role on the deposition of nanocomposites thin films. This study allowed to highlight that a simple frequency is not enough to deposit the nanocomposite thin film. However, the use of a double frequencies seems to be the best way to separate the nanoparticles transport to the surface from that of the matrix growth
Lantiat, David. "Morphologie et auto-organisation de nanoparticules métalliques dispersées dans des matrices diélectriques : influence sur les propriétés optiques." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331903.
Full textHernandez, Maldonado Daniel. "Photovoltaïque organique : étude de la morphologie de films minces, conception, synthèse et étude de petites molécules pour leur utilisation en hétérojonction en volume dans des dispositifs photovoltaïques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30103/document.
Full textOptoeletronic properties of semiconducting polymeric/small molecules materials are highly influenced by molecules organization. In particular, photoconversion efficiency of organic devices may be correlated directly with their blend morphology. Therefore, a better understanding of the blend film morphology evolution during postproduction treatment and device performance is essential and needed. On the other hand, molecular engineering is a good way to module the band gap of molecules by alternating different electron acceptor or electron donor moieties which may lead to an improved internal charge transfer and a low band gap to achieve important Voc and Jsc, and consequently a good OPV performance. In the present work, we present a comprehensive study in solution and on thin films of pristine P3HT and of some nickel bisdithiolene complexes (Ni-bdt), and their blends, in order to understand how poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT interacts with the nickel core with the aim of understanding eventual organization phenomena. The main goal of this study is to understand materials organization and the charge transfer effect between donor and acceptor molecules, rather than focalize on a high photoconversion yields. In addition, we have developed 3 new low band gap small molecules, SilOCAO, Bz(T1CAO)2 and Bz(T1CAEH)2 with innovating synthetic methodologies and interesting applications to be used in thin film bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) for organic photovoltaics. These molecules were strategically designed via semi-empirical calculations (B3LYP/6-31G*) to match their energetic levels (LUMO and HOMO) with those of nickel bisdithiolene family towards a performing charge transfer. The syntheses of SilOCAO, Bz(T1CAO)2 and Bz(T1CAEH)2 have been described. These molecules have been fully-characterized by different techniques such as UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Electroluminescence, Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR), Mass Spectroscopy (MS), Electrochemistry, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, we have performed organic solar cells prototypes with some promising results, specifically for SilOCAO as the electron-donor in counterpart of the PC71BM as the electron-acceptor. This work is a fruitful collaboration between several laboratories, researchers, technical servers and students from LAAS and LAPLACE in France, and IIM (UNAM) and CIO in Mexico
Narladkar, Ashok S. "Conformation, morphology and glass transition of poly(lactic acid) in supported thin films." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS122.
Full textSome physical properties of polymers when geometrically confined, e. G. The glass transition temperature (Tg), deviates from bulk material properties and thus may have significant implications for existing and emerging material properties. It appears that a detailed description and a fundamental understanding of the physical properties of currently used polymers in thin films, such as the emerging biodegradable and biocompatible poly lactic acid, would be useful in a variety of applications. Hence the objective of this study was to investigate the glass transition of polylactic acid thin films and the possible influence of the structuration and organisation of the macromolecules within the film, the crystalline content and surface interactions on the dynamics of the polymer. In the first part of this work, we probed, using the atomic force microscopy, the conformation of isolated polylactic acid macromolecules at the solid-air interface and studied the systematic effect of surfaces and solvents properties on the polymer conformation. We show that the macromolecules undergo a conformational transition from rigid rods to globular structures by decreasing the solvent and/or surface polarity. Using these different conformations, different film structures and organisations may be produced, as observed by AFM. If we clearly pointed out different intermediate structures, either formed from interconnected rigid entities or formed by globular aggregates, the final morphologies of films were found to be identically flat, smooth and independent of the initial polymer conformation. Following the film formation, annealing treatments were performed on the sample, prior to the glass transition temperature measurements, in order to equilibrate and remove the thermal history of the films. The influence of annealing treatment on the film properties, including the morphology and crystalline content was thus systematically studied by means of AFM and Raman spectroscopy. If the present study will not concentrate on the crystallisation process of PLA in thin film, the determination of the crystalline content within our thin film was nonetheless necessary to ensure a full description of the glass transition properties. Finally, in the last part of this work, the glass transition properties of the so-formed films will be described. The effect of the film thickness, the nature of the surface and the crystalline content on the glass transition of PLA thin film will be addressed. Furthermore, owing to the different nature of polylactic acid (pure L or D enantiomer, D and L copolymer or D/L stereocomplexes), different glass transitions behaviour were observed. This work provides new insights on the glass transition of polylactic acid thin films
Mareau, Vincent. "Étude de la morphologie et de la cinétique de cristallisation de films minces du mélange poly([epsilon]-caprolactone)/poly(chlorure de vinyle) par microscopies optiques et à force atomique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57824.pdf.
Full textJamnig, Andreas. "Thin metal films on weakly-interacting substrates : Nanoscale growth dynamics, stress generation, and morphology manipulation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT2273.
Full textVapor-based growth of thin metal films with controlled morphology on weakly-interacting substrates (WIS), including oxides and van der Waals materials, is essential for the fabrication of multifunctional metal contacts in a wide array of optoelectronic devices. Achieving this entails a great challenge, since weak film/substrate interactions yield a pronounced and uncontrolled 3D morphology. Moreover, the far-from-equilibrium nature of vapor-based film growth often leads to generation of mechanical stress, which may further compromise device reliability and functionality. The objectives of this thesis are related to metal film growth on WIS and seek to : (i) contribute to the understanding of atomic-scale processes that control film morphological evolution; (ii) elucidate the dynamic competition between nanoscale processes that govern film stress generation and evolution; and (iii) develop methodologies for manipulating and controlling nanoscale film morphology between 2D and 3D.Investigations focus on magnetron sputter-deposited Ag and Cu films on SiO2and amorphous carbon (a-C) substrates. Research is conducted by strategically combining of in situand real-time film growth monitoring, ex situchemical and (micro)-structural analysis, optical modelling, and deterministic growth simulations.The overall results of the thesis provide the foundation to: (i) determine diffusion rates over a wide range of WIS film/substrates systems; (ii) design non-invasive strategies for multifunctional contacts in optoelectronic devices; (iii) complete important missing pieces in the fundamental understanding of stress, which can be used to expand theoretical descriptions for predicting and tuning stress magnitude
Figliuzzi, Bruno. "Modélisation de la rugosité et de l'aspect de surfaces d'acier peintes." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00671439.
Full textFigliuzzi, Bruno. "Modélisation de la rugosité et de l'aspect de surfaces d'acier peintes." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0060.
Full textThe visual appearance of the painted steel sheets constituting the body of a car contributes significantly to the quality of the entire vehicle. If the industrial processes of paint deposition has a major impact on the visual appearance of the painted steel sheets, the intrinsic quality of the steel sheet used remains a key factor in its obtention. In this thesis, the influence of the topography of rough steel sheets on the appearance after painting is investigated. The deposition of the successive layers of electrophoresis, sealer and lacquer on the metal significantly modify the surface roughness. Hydrodynamic models were developed during this thesis project, which aim at predicting the final topography of the painted sheet. Emphasis is placed on the influence of the paint rheology, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, on the leveling. A major challenge regarding the study of the painting is the measurement of its rheological parameters in the geometric configuration of thin films. A method is presented which, by resolving an inverse problem, allows an in situ characterization of the rheology of the paint. An important experimental work and the development of tools for characterizing surface roughness based on the wavelet transform validated the use of the different models to describe the various stages of the process of painting. The interaction of light with the painted surfaces is finally briefly investigated. A model which takes into account the influence of the roughness and the phenomenon of light scattering in the paint layer is presented. Simulations were made from this model and confronted to experimental results, showing promising results
Jaren, Sophie. "Étude de TbFe2 épitaxié par dépot laser pulsé : des couches minces aux nanostructures magnétiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10064.
Full textGADENNE, PETIT MIREILLE. "Proprietes de transport de couches minces d'or granulaire : absorption infra-rouge, effets dimensionnels." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066385.
Full textRazzaghi, Fatemeh. "The effect of morphology on the electrochemical properties of nanostructured metal oxide thin films : the studies based on multi-scale time-resolved fast electrogravimetric techniques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066346/document.
Full textDuring this thesis project, it was attempted to underline the importance of investigating the ion’s exchange phenomena at the metal oxides electrode/electrolyte interface in order to understand and to furtherly improve their promised performances mostly as highly functional electrodes for supercapacitors. The key phenomena for all these electrodes functionalities originates in the ion’s exchange at the interface of electrode/electrolyte, it is crucial to investigate the role of electrolyte composition, to identify the status of transferred ions and the solvation effect also to investigate their dynamics of transfer at the interface. As a consequence we have decided to focus on the capabilities of a non-classical methodology so-called, ac-electrogravimetry. Another subject of crucial matter for our attention was to illustrate the most fundamental reasons of the electrochemical improvements brought by nanostructuration. In fact, the materials structuration with favorable morphologies and unique properties would alter their functionalities and this can effectively be deeply characterized by ac-electrogravimetry. Different morphologies of TiO2, WO3 and RuOx.nH2O metal oxides were prepared as furtherly detailed. As a consequent, during this thesis project investigations were performed to see what differences in behavior are brought by procuring porosity within these film. In other words, how mesoporous films with small pore sizes, and large surface area to volume ratios could facilitate the ion intercalation/electroadsorption process involved with our chosen synthesized MOx electrodes
Chagroune, Lakhdar. "Modélisation de l'émissivité d'une surface en utilisant une approche fractale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL115N.
Full textZorgati, Hamdi. "Modélisation de Films Minces." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008875.
Full textLi, Mengxing. "Films minces d'hydrogels stimulables." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066268/document.
Full textThin films of hydrogels we study are chemical polymer networks covalently grafted on solid substrates. These versatile coatings allow the control of various interfacial properties such as responsive properties, wetting or mechanical properties. Here, thin films of stimuli-responsive hydrogels (with temperature, light or electric field) are the point of interest. The surface-attached gel films are synthesized by following a straightforward strategy based on thiol-ene click chemistry. The formation of the films is achieved by adding bifunctional thiol molecules as cross-linkers to the ene-reactive polymers on thiol-modified surfaces. This strategy allows us to obtain hydrogel films with a wide range of thickness and with the desired properties. We study the structure of surface-attached poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel films which show thermo-responsive properties. We determine the effect of confinement and constraints due to the surface-attachment on the swelling/collapse phase transition of hydrogels with two approaches: the one-dimension swelling normal to the surface using ellipsometry and neutron reflectivity and the in-plane observation of the free surface of the gel using AFM. New and complex hydrogel films are also developed by targeting the architecture of the polymer networks. Inspired from macroscopic hydrogels architecture, we design various architectures: multilayer gel films, interpenetrating networks (IPN) gel films and hybrid gel films
Soueid, Salwa. "Micromagnétismes des films minces." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1037/document.
Full textThe ferromagnetic materials possess the magnetic property of future, that is to magnetize, when they are in the presence of a magnetic field and to keep a part of their magnetizing when the field is deleted. It is for that reason, these materials became of use in numerous industrial applications (...)
Robles, José. "Morphologie des couches minces d'YBaCuO sur YAlO3 et NdGaO3." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0033.
Full textGrec, Bérénice. "Fluides complexes en films minces." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351462.
Full text* le caractère complexe des fluides eux-mêmes, comme pour des fluides non-newtoniens ;
* l'hétérogénéité de l'écoulement, dans le cas de mélanges de fluides par exemple.
Il est important d'analyser comment ces modèles peuvent être simplifiés dans le cas de domaines minces, et d'étudier rigoureusement les modèles approchés.
Dans une première partie, des écoulements de fluides non newtoniens visco-élastiques représentés par une loi de comportement de type Oldroyd-B couplée aux équations de Navier-Stokes sont étudiés. Dans le cas de géométries minces, un modèle approché a été proposé. On justifie la validité de cette approximation ; la démonstration repose sur des estimations et des résultats de régularité fins.
Dans une deuxième partie, on considère un modèle d'écoulement piezovisqueux utilisé en lubrification hydrodynamique. Ce modèle fait aussi intervenir la déformation élastohydrodynamique du domaine (déformation du type Hertz), et l'aspect diphasique de la cavitation, qui est décrit par le modèle d'Elrod-Adams (en pression-saturation). On montre l'existence d'une solution à ce problème pour des lois pression-viscosité réalistes.
Dans une troisième partie, on introduit un modèle diphasique à interface diffuse, permettant de rendre compte de phénomènes plus fins tels que les gouttes. Pour cela, un paramètre d'ordre est introduit (fraction volumique d'une phase dans le mélange), gouverné par le modèle de Cahn-Hilliard. Un système approché est obtenu de manière heuristique pour un domaine de faible épaisseur. On étudie les propriétés mathématiques de ce système, et on montre un résultat d'existence, avec prise en compte ou non de la tension de surface.
Dans la dernière partie, un schéma numérique est mis en place pour simuler le modèle décrit précédemment d'écoulements diphasiques en domaines minces. Il permet de prendre en compte différents phénomènes physiques, comme de grandes variations de la viscosité ou la présence de recirculations à l'intérieur d'une goutte, ainsi que de simuler des mélanges dans le cadre d'écoulements lubrifiés.
Vandenbrouck, François. "Films minces de cristaux liquides." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001559.
Full textDelabre, Ulysse. "Films nématiques minces sur substrats liquides." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472333.
Full textRoux, Marthe. "Modèles de fronts pour films minces." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777952.
Full textMarthelot, Joel. "Rupture et délamination de films minces." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037916.
Full textCOLLIN, BERTRAND. "Etude de films minces de copolymere." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066680.
Full textTournier, Jérôme. "Modélisation des propriétés ferroélectriques des films minces." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1db16358-e4e3-4379-9a92-412beacdbd13.
Full textThis work describes a numerical model that is used to explain ferroelectric thin films properties, and particularly PZT thin films ones. Our model is based on the Landau theory and uses the technique of finite differences. Many options are studied, each one based on the way the Poisson's equation is written. One of them supposed the presence of polarization's charges, and another supposed that the permittivity is not uniform in the film. With this last hypothesis, and if we take good limit's conditions of the polarization on the electrodes interfaces, the model can explain the influence of thickness's films on ferroelectric properties. A two-dimensional approach, which consists in limiting the electrode size by considering that the electrode does not cover the whole film's surface, has been carried out
Valignat, Marie-Pierre. "Etude ellipsométrique de films minces de mouillage." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112124.
Full textDuguet, Thomas. "Surfaces et films minces d'alliages métalliques complexes." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL048N/document.
Full textAfter an introductive chapter on complex metallic alloys and surfaces, the thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first part (Chap.II) concerns the structural determination of the 2-fold surface of d-Al-Cu-Co quasicrystal, by using LEED and STM. The results show (i) that the experimental terraces correspond to dense and Al-rich terminations -the element with the lowest surface energy- and (ii) that this decagonal phase could be entropically stabilized. In the second part of the manuscript (Chap.III, IV and V), we apply a surface science approach to solve a technological bottleneck: the adherence of quasicrystalline coatings on metallic substrates. We propose to grow a buffer layer that would accommodate the differences between the two materials. For that purpose, the ?-Al4Cu9 phase is a good candidate as it shares electronic and structural properties with both substrate and coating. Hence, we synthesize model interfaces by using MBE, first by adsorption and annealing of Cu on the 5-f surface of i-Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal and then in the Al on Cu(111) system. Photoemission, STM and LEED experiments, along with DFT calculations show that a coherent interface can be grown between the ?-Al4Cu9 surface alloy and both the Cu and the quasicrystal. Those fundamental results are successfully reproduced in the real world, by growing similar interfaces using magnetron sputterring (Chap.V)
Champougny, Lorène. "Génération et rupture de films liquides minces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS221/document.
Full textThe ephemeral beauty of soap films is not only a source of wonder and poetic inspiration, but also conceals fundamental scientific questions, which are at the heart of various applications, ranging from shampoo formulation to oil recovery. This work aims at understanding how the life of a soap film, from its generation until its rupture, is affected by the physical-chemical properties of the surfactants used to stabilise it.First, I present a stationary model describing the generation of vertical soap films, under the assumption of insoluble surfactants. I show that the film thickness is controlled by both the generation velocity and the film surface elasticity. The model successfully describes experimental data for soluble surfactants, at least when adsorption is slow. I also introduce an original experimental set up for the generation of liquid films stabilised by insoluble surfactants, which are certainly a promising model system. Secondly, I study the time evolution – i.e. the drainage and rupture – of thin films pulled from a liquid bath, starting with the simplified case of pure liquids. Implementing a non-stationary simulation, I am able to predict the lifetime of silicone oil thin films as a function of the generation velocity, which I find in quantitative agreement with experimental data. I then carry out systematic experiments to characterise the drainage of soap films for various generation velocities, environmental humidities and positions in the film. I also demonstrate the influence of dTAB concentration and humidity on film lifetime. Finally, I investigate how surfactant concentration affects the drainage and break-up dynamics of hemispherical soap bubbles at the surface of a liquid pool, which is a system somewhat closer to real foams
PEIRO, BUENO JOAQUINA. "Relation entre les proprietes optiques et la morphologie de couches minces heterogenes." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077173.
Full textSultan, Éric. "Instabilités et singularités : des films minces aux plaques élastiques." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011249.
Full textPham, Thi Huyen Tram. "Structure et propriétés mécaniques de films minces AlCrN." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT2272.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the systematical study of Al1-xCrxNy coatings starting from coating processes to mechanical properties through composition and phase structure investigations. Al1-xCrxNy thin films have been synthesized by two PVD systems: ion-beam sputtering (IBS) and magnetron sputtering (MS). Composition of the coatings is studied by both EDXS and RBS, this latter being very sensitive to light elements such as nitrogen. Most compositions are sub - stoichiometric with Nitrogen content (y < 1) decreasing continuously when Chromium content (x) increases. This result has been confirmed by the TRIM’s simulation. Structure and morphology of the films which include thickness, phases and texture, Scherrer’s nano grain - size are analyzed mainly by x - ray techniques such as diffraction and reflectometry. Residual stresses including global residual stresses, real - time in - situ global residual stresses, thermal stresses and in - grain residual stresses are studied using substrate curvature and XRD methods. It emphasizes the importance of considering both composition (x, y) and substrate type in the study of mechanical properties. Two sensitive methods (Picoseconds ultrasonic and Brillouin Light Scattering) were used to study elasticity of the AlCrN films and revealed a sharp transition at x = 0. 4. Nanoindentation technique was applied for analyze indentation modulus and hardness of our Al1-xCrxNy films and furthermore tribological testing for investigating coefficients of friction (COF) of the films deposited on stainless steels by pin – on - disk method
Michel, Jean-Philippe. "Films smectiques minces déposés sur un substrat monocristallin." Cergy-Pontoise, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CERG0169.
Full textThis work presents an experimental study of the structure of thin smectic films frustrated on a single crystal. Film thicknesses are investigated from several hundreds to several tens of smectic layers. We worked on the model system 8CB/MoS2 by combining four different experimental techniques, llowing an exploration of the layers structure everywhere in the film. We demonstrate we are able to study sual defects of the smectic phase in a simplified geometry because of the order imposed via the substrate's surface. Combination of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Grazing Incidence X-ray effraction (GIXD) permit to take interest to the physisorption of organic molecules on a crystalline surface and more precisely to determine the fine structure of the first 8CB adsorbed molecules on MoS2 surface. We interpret our results through a1D mean field model leading to a complex molecule-substrate. In a second time, by combining Optical Microscopy (MO) and GIXD we studied the unidirectionnal planar anchoring of the smectic A and nematic phases imposed by the flat surface of MoS2. We have determined six different anchoring directions for the perpendicularly anchored smectic layers with respect to the main crystallographic directions of MoS2. With models existing in the litterature, we have then interpreted our results and evidenced the strong link between the adsorbed structure and the anchoring characteristics. Film's structure frustrated by antagonistic anchorings was investigated by combination of MO, GIXD and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in the Tapping mode. For thickness higher than 0,1 mm, smectic layers are stacked concentrically into periodic networks formed by flattened hemicylindrical structures. We have evidenced the existence of an elastic threshold located between 700 and 900 Å, below which a discontinous structure with dislocation walls exists in order to avoid any prohibitive curvature of smectic layers. We have demonstrated the asymmetric nature of the walls associated to a high dislocation density. Thickness evolution has revealed also the presence of such a discontinous structure under the flattened Hemicylindrical structures and permit to understand the defect evolution when film's thickness varies. We have then studied straightforward the internal structure of focal conics, which here are 1D degenerated
Becerra, Medina José Antonio. "Films mixtes chitosane / protéines : interactions, morphologie et propriétés macroscopiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10133.
Full textThis work concerns the elaboration, semicrystalline microstructure and properties study of chitosan films for application of release of active principle. The semicrystalline microstructure of chitosan films strongly influences their physicochemical and functional properties, so their control becomes very important for the aimed application. In this context, we have performed a systematic study by X-ray diffraction on chitosan films varying different parameters that influence their semicrystalline microstructure, particularly, the degree of acetylation, the elaboration routes, the neutralization state, the counter-ion nature and the water content before neutralization. We have achieved to control the semicrystalline microstructure by the combination of these parameters. Furthermore, the study of the molecular mobility behaviour was carried out showing the different relaxation processes present in the chitosan films. A viscoelastic study by mechanical spectroscopy showed hydrophilic/hydrophobic transitions as a function of he thermal treatment. This study showed that the degree of acetylation does not have a strong influence on the molecular mobility in the chitosane films. Finally, we have conducted a study of swelling of chitosan film in relation to the semicrystalline microstructure. Then, a model protein (Ovalbumin) has been incorporated to study its interaction with chitosan in the solid state (in the film) and in solution (after release) and in order to evaluate its release
Rakotomiraho, Soloniaina. "Etude de la morphologie des couches minces de MgO utilisables en haute température." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20260.
Full textShojaei, Omid-Reza. "Propriétés mécaniques et microstructures de films minces de TiN /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2061.
Full textRichard, Philippe. "Etude de l'adhésion de films minces par microscopie acoustique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1996. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1547.
Full textSultan, Eric. "Instabilites et Singularites : des films minces aux plaques elastiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011249.
Full textNous considerons d'abord des corps minces elastiques. D'une part, nous etudions, experimentalement puis numeriquement, les deformations d'une bicouche de gels confinee. La croissance de la couche superieure produit des motifs periodiques; la surface libre presente alors un systeme regulier de singularites. Nous nous interessons d'autre part aux proprietes statistiques du reseau de plis dans une feuille de papier froissee. A partir d'un modele simple traite numeriquement, nous montrons le role decisif des interactions geometriques.
La deuxieme partie est consacree a la stabilite d'un film mince volatil. Nous developpons un modele general et predisons le seuil a partir duquel l'evaporation devient un processus instable. Dans le regime limite par la diffusion, nous montrons analytiquement que de la bifurcation est super-critique.