Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Morphological'
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Yusupujiang, Zulipiye. "Using Unsupervised Morphological Segmentation to Improve Dependency Parsing for Morphologically Rich Languages." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354459.
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In this thesis, we mainly investigate the influence of using unsupervised morphological segmentation as features on the dependency parsing of morphologically rich languages such as Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Turkish, Uyghur, and Kazakh. Studying the morphology of these languages is of great importance for the dependency parsing of morphologically rich languages since dependency relations in a sentence of these languages mostly rely on morphemes rather than word order. In order to investigate our research questions, we have conducted a large number of parsing experiments both on MaltParser and UDPipe. We have generated the supervised morphology and the predicted POS tags from UDPipe, and obtained the unsupervised morphological segmentation from Morfessor, and have converted the unsupervised morphological segmentation into features and added them to the UD treebanks of each language. We have also investigated the different ways of converting the unsupervised segmentation into features and studied the result of each method. We have reported the Labeled Attachment Score (LAS) for all of our experimental results. The main finding of this study is that dependency parsing of some languages can be improved simply by providing unsupervised morphology during parsing if there is no manually annotated or supervised morphology available for such languages. After adding unsupervised morphological information with predicted POS tags, we get improvement of 4.9%, 6.0%, 8.7%, 3.3%, 3.7%, and 12.0% on the test set of Turkish, Uyghur, Kazakh, Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian respectively on MaltParser, and the parsing accuracies have been improved by 2.7%, 4.1%, 8.2%, 2.4%, 1.6%, and 2.6% on the test set of Turkish, Uyghur, Kazakh, Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian respectively on UDPipe when comparing the results from the models which do not use any morphological information during parsing.
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Swarnakar, Vivek. "Optimal morphological filters /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11703.
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Sourla, Antigone. "Morphological aspects of intracrinology." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25461.pdf.
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Lindgren, Lars. "dkrMorph : A Syriac Morphological Analyzer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154515.
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This thesis proposes a method for automatic morphological analysis of Syriac - an under-resourced language for which there are no natural language processing tools such as morphological analyzers readily available. The proposed method uses a data-driven approach with automatically generated and weighted regular expression rules and patterns to cater for morphological attribute tagging and root- and lexeme derivation for dictionary linkage. The method is compared against a baseline, which it outperforms on all tests, and significantly outperforms for unknown words. When trained on all available training data, the analyzer achieves an accuracy of 95.53%.
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Stoimenof, Lara. "A morphological study of chocolate." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251617.
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Hereford, James McCracken. "Optical implementation of morphological transformations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14891.
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Ozdemir, Metin. "Morphological kinetics of facetted crystals." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27898.
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Walsh, Linda. "The nature of morphological representations /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73987.
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Xu, Chun. "Morphological subtypes of Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61223.
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Initiating a computerized population-based registry of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the IMAGE Project has developed a multimatrix model to investigate the disease. Part of the IMAGE Project 1, the neuropathological study, is designed to correlate clinical, neuropsychological and neuropathological features of AD for characterization of subtypes. This thesis reports mainly the morphometrical studies associated with project 1.The study, based on (a) brain autopsy, (b) standardized histopathology, and (c) quantitative morphometry, shows heterogeneity in pathophenotypes of AD. Four morphological subgroups have been presently recognizes, by their characteristic histological abnormalities, and the densities, the distribution, and progression patterns of their lesions. The heterogeneity in pathophenotypes indicates that AD is not a disease with a single cause, but rather a syndrome with multiple elements involved in etiology and pathogenesis. These lead to different pathological features, and correspondingly, similar, but distinguishable clinical expressions.
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Loste, Madoz Eva. "Morphological control of calcium carbonate." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398861.
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Wu, De Quan. "Morphological filters in image analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260779.
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Egan, Joanne. "Morphological processing in dyslexic children." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401920.
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Fritz, Joerg. "Quantifying Patterns of Morphological Diversity." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11123.
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Beevers, Lindsay C. "Morphological sustainability of barrage impoundments." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4940/.
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Barrages built in estuaries fundamentally alter the dynamics of the river with regard to both flow and sedimentation patterns. Therefore it is essential to ensure that these structures do not affect the sustainability of the systems in which they are built. In recent years there has been increased emphasis on assessing the effect of climate change on river flows and the impact that this has on watercourses. Therefore, to investigate morphological sustainability of barrage impoundments, the effect of climate change must be included. An assessment of the morphological sustainability of the River Tees impoundment is presented. The predictions were completed using the l-dimensional software package ISIS, which modelled flow and sediment movement within the impoundment. Fifty-year simulations were completed to predict the sediment distribution through the system under differing future scenarios. A method is proposed for extending the flow boundary for the numerical model, which uses a generic statistical modelling technique. It uses the historical flow data recorded on the Tees and forward predicts the series based on its statistical properties. Firstly, the Markov Chain method was used to predict a 50 year flow series which assumes a stable climate. The predicted series showed good correlation with the measured series in terms of both statistical properties and structure. Secondly, the method was further developed to enable climate change predictions to be incorporated. This means that the generated series can be modified to directly account for the possible influence of climate change on discharge. This technique uses a Markov model fitted in the framework of a multinomiallogit model, enabling catchment precipitation and temperature values to be linked to the discharge. Climate change predictions available for the period 2070 to 2100 were then used to create 50-year modified flow series for the River Tees under a medium\high and medium\low emissions scenario. During the period of sediment monitoring on the Tees a change to the sediment supply was noticed as a result of the high flows experienced in October/November 2000. Unfortunately, it is unclear whether the sediment supply will return to its original levels or if, as a consequence of higher flows resulting from climate change, the supply will remain at present levels. Hence three different sediment rating curves were created from the field data to deal with this uncertainty; representing high, medium and low sediment supply conditions. Using the data generated for the flow and sediment boundaries, simulations were undertaken to assess the morphological sustainability of the Tees impoundment. Simulations using a flow boundary, which assumed both a stable climate and a changed climate, as well as three different sediment supply options for each, were considered. The results show that the impoundment reaches a dynamic equilibrium during the modelled period, irrespective of the sediment supply. From this it is possible to state that the Tees Impoundment is morphologically sustainable over the next 50-80 years. Climate change, while increasing the sediment supply, actually appears to improve the sustainability of the impoundment with regards to sediment. The increased number of high flows cause more steep water surface slopes which reentrain sediments and partially flush the system. In conclusion this thesis presents an assessment of the morphological sustainability of the Tees impoundment under differing future climate scenarios for both the fluvial and sediment inputs. Within the course of the work a different technique for extending flow series assuming both a stable and changed climate has been proposed. It is hoped that these methods will be of use in future sustainability assessments; however further investigations into these methods would be beneficial.
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France, C. N. "Some morphological aspects of polyolefins." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381233.
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Luo, Jiaming S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Unsupervised learning of morphological forests." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111923.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-41).
This thesis focuses on unsupervised modeling of morphological families, collectively comprising a forest over the language vocabulary. This formulation enables us to capture edge-wise properties reflecting single-step morphological derivations, along with global distributional properties of the entire forest. These global properties constrain the size of the affix set and encourage formation of tight morphological families. The resulting objective is solved using Integer Linear Programming (ILP) paired with contrastive estimation. We train the model by alternating between optimizing the local log-linear model and the global ILP objective. We evaluate our system on three tasks: root detection, clustering of morphological families and segmentation. Our experiments demonstrate that our model yields consistent gains in all three tasks compared with the best published results.
by Jiaming Luo.
S.M.
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Rosa, J. M. S. "Morphological awareness and spelling development." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2003. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/76372a0a-850c-7f42-fbf4-57b485740da7/1.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the relation between morphological awareness and morphologically based spellings, in Portuguese (European Variant). Two situations where the spelling is determined by morphology are examined: when the spelling flouts letter-sound correspondence rules (consistency in the spelling of stems in base and in derived forms), and when there is more than one spelling for the same sound (discrimination in the spelling of homophone suffixes). The studies used cross-sectional (studies 1, 2 and 6) and longitudinal (studies 3, 4 and 5) designs. Study 1 examines when children from grades 1 to 4 (6- to 9-year-olds; N = 805) can take advantage of morphological information that is made available to them, implicitly, through morphological priming. The primes are base forms that share the same stem with the targets and contain well articulated, stressed vowels. The target words and pseudo-words are derived forms that contain non-stressed schwa vowels. Although differently pronounced the latter vowels are spelled consistently with those in the stems of the base forms. Primes were either oral or oral plus written. Priming effects were assessed by comparison with a non-primed condition. No priming effects were detected in 6- and 7-year-old children. Both priming conditions produced a significantly higher level of correct spelling in children 8 and 9 years of age. Oral plus written primes allowed older children to use morphological spellings in both words and pseudo-words. These results suggest that older children can use implicit morphological information to spell schwa vowels morphologically. Study 2 examined the concurrent relations between morphological awareness and morphologically based spellings. Two issues were considered: consistency in the spelling of stems in base and derived (or pseudo-derived) forms and discrimination in the spelling of words and pseudo-words ending in homophone suffixes. Children from grades 1 to 3 (6 to 8-year-olds; N = 184) participated in the study. It was found that there was a significant relation between morphological awareness and consistency in the spelling of stems in Base - Pseudo-derived stimuli, after controlling for differences in grade and IQ. Mixed results were found for the spelling of homophone suffixes. The only significant prediction obtained was between morphological awareness and discrimination in the spelling of the words ending in the homophone suffixes '-esa'/ '-eza'. In Study 3, the relation between morphological awareness and consistency in the spelling of stems is analysed, longitudinally. Children from grades 1 to 4 (6- to 9-year-olds; N = 184) were assessed in three sessions (A, B and C) each separated by six months. The results showed that some of the measures of morphological awareness could predict consistency in the spelling of stems over periods of six and of twelve months, after controlling for shared variance with Grade and IQ. This is indicative of a strong link between morphological awareness and consistency in the spelling of stems. In study 4, the relation between morphological awareness and discrimination in the spelling of words and pseudo-words ending in the homophone suffixes '-esa'/ '-eza' is analysed. The suffix '-esa' forms nouns that indicate origin or provenance. The homophone '-eza' forms abstract nouns. The participants and design were the same as in the previous study. It was found that the younger children tended to use one spelling for the two suffixes. Then, when alternative spellings were used, their assignment was unsystematic. Systematic assignment was rare even in the older children. Some measures of morphological awareness in session B, accounted for unique variance in the discrimination scores measured in session C, after controlling for differences explained by grade and IQ. In study 5, the relation between morphological awareness and discrimination in the spelling of words and pseudo-words ending in the homophone suffixes '-ice'/ '-isse' is analysed. The suffix '-ice' forms abstract nouns. The homophone '-isse' is used in the subjunctive of some verbs. The participants and design were the same as before. Correct assignment of suffixes followed the same pattern of spelling phases as described in the previous study. Significant predictions were found between sessions A and B, B and C and A and C. Some of the morphological awareness measures strongly predicted discrimination scores, after controlling for the effects of grade and IQ. Study 6 examines the spelling of older children (Grades 5, 7 and 9) and adults (student-teachers and in-service-teachers (N total = 107). The aim was to find out when consistency in the spelling of stems and discrimination of homophone suffixes were eventually achieved and whether the adult participants were aware of the morphological rules that make discrimination predictable. Consistency in the spelling of stems was only systematic in grade nine. Discrimination of the homophone suffixes '-esa'/ '-eza' was not completely systematic after sixteen years of instruction (student teachers) Discrimination of words ending in the homophone suffixes '-ice'/ '-isse' was systematic by student teachers. Discrimination in the spelling of pseudo-words was not achieved. Spelling justifications were asked from teachers. These revealed that the knowledge of morphological rules was scarce, in complete or absent. This thesis provides first evidence that older children can use morphological information that is provided, implicitly, through priming. It also shows that achieving consistency in the spelling of morphologically related stems is a long process. Systematic discrimination of homophone suffixes is even harder. However, morphological awareness was generally found to contribute strongly to the spelling, and to predict spelling outcomes, even after stringent controls for grade and IQ. Further research is necessary to examine how children develop morphologically based spellings that cannot be anchored first, in a stable phonological matrix. These results also suggest that instruction with a strong morphological rationale might significantly enhance spelling development.
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Кравець, Олександр Валерійович, Александр Валерьевич Кравец, Oleksandr Valeriiovych Kravets, Роман Андрійович Москаленко, Роман Андреевич Москаленко, and Roman Andriiovych Moskalenko. "Morphological analysis of porcelain gallbladder." Thesis, «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/48475.
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Порцеляновий жовчний міхур є рідкісним проявом хронічних захворювань жовчного міхура, характеризується кальцифікацією своєї стінки і зустрічається у 0,06-0,8% холецистектомій [4]. За повідомленнями різних авторів кальцифікація стінки жовчного міхура (ЖМ) асоціюється з раком жовчного міхура (РЖМ) у 12-61% випадків [1, 2]. За результатами різних досліджень, у 0-62% випадків пацієнти з ПЖМ виникає рак жовчного міхура.
Метою нашої роботи був морфологічний аналіз 3 клінічних випадків порцелянового жовчного міхура.
Матеріали і методи. Впродовж 2012-2014 років у хірургічному відділенні Сумської обласної клінічної лікарні перебувало 3 хворих жінок (58, 66 та 64 років), у яких був виявлений порцеляновий жовчний міхур. У роботі були використані рутинні гістологічні і гістохімічні методики.
Результати дослідження.
Загальною рисою макропрепаратів жовчних міхурів був сіруватий або білувато-рожевий колір, щільна консистенція стінок і збереження форми органа. Макропрепарат першого випадку мав вигляд «порцелянового глечика», який мав ригідні стінки, не спадався при пальпації. На розрізі стінка жовчних міхурів потовщена до 1,0-1,2 см. Мінералізовані ділянки слизової оболонки були білувато-жовтавого кольору, гладенькі, блискучі та тверді. При механічному втручанні слизова оболонка відшаровувалася у вигляді тонких мінералізованих пластинок. На поверхні кальцифікованої слизової оболонки виявлялися тріщини, подібні до таких, які бувають на порцеляновому або полив'яному посуді.
Гістологічне дослідження ПЖМ показує у всіх досліджуваних випадках у слизовій оболонці виявлялась помірна змішаноклітинна запальна інфільтрація. Депозити сполук кальцію відкладалися переважно у м’язовому шарі. Кальцифіковані маси розміщувалися вздовж м’язових та сполучнотканинних волокон, формували біомінеральні утворення в діапазоні від дрібних піскоподібних до грубо дисперсних фрагментів. Також виявлялися ознаки фіброзу, м’язової гіпертрофії, застою, крововиливи, гіалінозу.
Висновок. У нашому дослідженні серед трьох клінічних випадків ПЖМ (один повний та два неповних типи) раку жовчного міхура не було виявлено. Ґрунтуючись на результатах досліджень та аналізу сучасних джерел літератури, можна зробити висновок, що біомінеральні утворення значних розмірів і поширеності у стінці жовчного міхура є відносно прогностично сприятливими і не асоціюються з раком жовчного міхура.There are two types o f porcelain gallbladder, depending on the calcification degree: complete (covers the entire body, penetrates the muscle layer) and incomplete (multifocal, point deposits) \ The combination of gallbladder cancer and porcelain gallbladder with incomplete calcification type, according to various data, is ranging between 0 and 5% 2. There was no information about the combination of complete type of porcelain gallbladder and malignant tumors. This can indicate that two types o f calcification cause different risk of gallbladder cancer development.The aim o f our work was to evaluate the morphological haracteristics o f GB wall and to compare them with the results, which were obtained during the study o f other GB pathologies with mineralization. Materials and methods Ethics Statement. A written informed consent was obtained from all subj ects. This research was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee o f The Regional Clinical Hospital o f Sumy and Medical Institute o f Sumy State University (Protocol No.1, 14.01.14). Sample collection There were 3 female patients (1,2, 3 case — respectively 58, 66 and 64 years old) in the surgical department of Sumy Regional Hospital during 2012-2014 years. Porcelain gallbladder was revealed in these patients. All patients were routinely hospitalized with a diagnosis o f cholelithiasis and chronic calculous cholecystitis. All 3 cases o f PGB are estimated as random clinical findings. Research results Gallbladder macropreparations differed in the degree o f the spread o f the biomineralization processes in the wall of the organ, ranging from the calcification of large areas of the gallbladder wall (more than 50% o f the wall in the second case and 70% of the wall in the third case) to the total wall calcification (the first case). The common features o f gallbladders’ macropreparations were grayish or whitish-pink color, firm walls’ texture and save of the organ’s form. Macropreparation of the first case looked like a «porcelain ju g» , which has a rigid wall, did not drop during the palpation. The gallbladder wall is thickened to 1.0-1.2 cm at the section. Mineralized areas of mucous membrane were whitish-yellowish color, smooth, shiny and hard. During the mechanical intervention the mucous membrane exfoliated as thin mineralized plates. On the surface o f the calcified mucous membrane cracks, which were similar to those that can be in porcelain or glazed crockery, were detecteHistological examination o f the gallbladder shows typical pathological changes in organ’s tissues. In the mucous membrane o f all investigated cases moderate chronic inflammatory infiltration was detected. Deposits of calcium compounds deposited mainly in the muscular layer. Calcified mass located along the muscle and connective tissue fibers, formed biomineral formation ranging from small sand like to roughly dispersed fragments. Also the signs o f fibrosis, muscular hypertrophy, congestion, hemorrhage, hyalinosis were found. Conclusion. Gallbladder cancer was not found in our study of three clinical cases of PBC (one full and two partial types). Based on research and analysis o f modern literature sources, we can conclude that biomineral formations in considerable size and distribution in the gallbladder are relatively prognostic favorable and they are not associated with gallbladder cancer.
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Hughes, Michael. "Morphological faithfulness to syntactic representations /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099922.
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Randall, Janet H. "Morphological structure and language acquisition." New York : Garland, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12237695.html.
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Savant, Gaurav. "Prediction of estuarine morphological evolution." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06202008-102016.
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Quiroga, Villalba Jorge. "Measuring morphological awareness across languages." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119664.
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This study was part of a larger study that investigated the effects of biliteracy instruction on 2nd-grade students' morphological awareness in English and French. In order to measure their morphological awareness, a test was designed in each of the two languages: The English and the French Morphological Awareness Test (MAT). The design of the current study aimed at answering two questions. The first one was about the components necessary to develop a viable instrument whose objective is to measure morphological awareness across languages. The second question pertains to the relationships among measures of vocabulary knowledge, phonological awareness, and morphological awareness in each language. To that end, both versions of the MAT, plus four other measures (two to assess phonological awareness in English and French and the other two to determine receptive vocabulary knowledge in each language) were administered to 72 children who were English-dominant, French-dominant, or bilingual. The concept of lexical frequency was operationalized to design three different levels of difficulty on the MAT. Examiners and coders were carefully trained to administer and score the MAT, which contained two sections, with five items in each section borrowed from earlier studies that investigated morphological awareness. These items served the purpose of determining convergent validity, whereas the measures of phonological awareness and vocabulary were used to establish discriminant validity. The results of the statistical analysis indicate high levels of reliability and validity for both versions of the MAT.Cette étude faisait partie d'une autre investigation plus grande sur les effets que l'instruction en biliteracité de deux langues aurait sur la conscience morphologique en anglais et en français avec des élèves de 2ième année. Afin de mesurer la conscience morphologique, on a créé un test dans les deux langues qui s'appelle le Morphological Awareness Test (MAT). La conception de cette étude avait l'intention de répondre à deux questions. La première question abordait les composantes nécessaires pour développer un test pour mesurer la conscience morphologique dans différentes langues. La deuxième question concernait la relation entre un test de conscience morphologique et des tests de conscience phonologique et de la connaissance de vocabulaire dans chaque langue. C'est pour cela que les deux versions du MAT et les quatre autres tests (deux pour évaluer la conscience phonologique en anglais et en français et les deux autres pour déterminer la connaissance réceptive de vocabulaire dans chaque langue) ont été donnés à 72 enfants qui avaient différents niveaux de bilinguisme, que ce soit un niveau prédominant en anglais ou en français ou même un niveau de bilinguisme presque égal dans les deux langues. La notion de fréquence lexicale a été opérationnalisé pour élaborer trois niveaux différents de difficulté dans le MAT. Les examinateurs et les évaluateurs ont été soigneusement formés à administrer et à corriger le MAT, lequel avait deux sections, avec cinq items dans chaque section qui ont été empruntés à des études antérieures qui examinaient la conscience morphologique. Ces items ont été utilisés pour déterminer la validité convergente, tandis que les tests de vocabulaire et de conscience phonologique ont servi pour établir la validité discriminante. Les résultats de l'analyse statistique indiquent de hauts niveaux de fiabilité et de validité pour les deux versions du MAT.
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Pace, Ryan M. "Evolution Of Arthropod Morphological Diversity." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578719.
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A fundamental problem in developmental and evolutionary biology is understanding the developmental genetic basis of morphological diversity. The current paradigm holds that a genetic and developmental program, or developmental genetic "toolkit", conserved across hundreds of millions of years patterns development in all metazoans. However, outside of a few well-characterized signal transduction pathways and developmental processes, overly broad strokes have been used to paint this "toolkit" metaphor as a hypothesis. Arthropoda, one of the largest groups of metazoans, represent the most morphologically diverse groups of metazoans, making them of particular interest for studies of morphological diversity and its evolution. Arthropoda is also home to one of the most well-understood model systems for developmental and genetic studies, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, Drosophila is highly derived among arthropods with respect to the molecular genetic mechanisms that function during its development. As it is expected that all arthropods have access to the same development "toolkit", some changes are expected based on the observable differences in morphology, making arthropods extremely powerful tools for comparative genomic and molecular genetic studies. In this dissertation I characterize how modifications to the developmental "toolkit" contribute to the evolution of morphological diversity using emerging model arthropod systems. First, as part of a collaboration, I show that several genes expected to be conserved in all arthropods, belonging to the Hox family of transcription factors, have been lost from the genome of a phylogenetically basal arthropod, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Second, I perform a genomic survey and find an overall reduction in the conservation of Drosophila orthologs from several major signal transduction pathways in the Tetranychus genome in comparison with findings from previous insect surveys. Third, I show that arthropod Hox genes, expected to be found in a tightly linked genomic cluster in most arthropod genomes, are not as tightly clustered as previously thought. Fourth, I show that changes in the genomic arrangement of Tetranychus Hox genes correspond with shifts in their expression and morphological change. Finally, I show the terminal Hox gene Abdominal-B is required for proper axial elongation and segment formation (both segment identity and number) during embryogenesis and metamorphosis in the red-flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Taken together, these findings advance our knowledge of the evolution of morphological change, with a primary focus on Hox genes and their contribution to axial patterning during development.
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Loce, Robert P. "Morphological filter mean-absolute-error representation theorems and their application to optimal morphological filter design /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11065.
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Dundar, Pinar. "Morphological Analyses In Hattusha (bogazkale-turkey)." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610845/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphological properties of the ancient city Hattusha and its surroundings. To achieve this, the analyses are conducted on the digital topographical maps at 1/25000 and 1/1000 scales.
Results of the analyses reveal that Hattusha is located over a north facing surface with slope values of 6 to 15 degrees within an elevation range of 1000 to 1250 m. All main building complexes are confined to a narrow slope interval of 2 to 15 degrees. Five regions are detected where the city wall deviates from the topographic divide resulting in a shorter path and addition of certain areas to the city. The volume of the city wall between Lion and King&rsquos gates is estimated to be 613966 m3 and covers an area of 130682 m2. Capacity of the eastern and southern ponds is estimated 15400 m3 and 22160 m3, respectively. Two potential dam sites are suggested outside the city with a total drainage basin of 0.2713 km2. For the visibility analysis performed inside the city, no relation is found between the visibility and the elevation of points.
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Förstner, Friedrich. "The morphological identity of insect dendrites." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-129497.
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Hori, Hirofumi. "A Morphological Study of Skidegate Haida." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180785.
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Müeller, Judith. "Study of stress-induced morphological instabilities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0025/NQ50225.pdf.
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McCarthy, Corrine Lee. "Morphological variability in second language Spanish." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102837.
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Research on morphological variability in second language (L2) acquisition has focused on the syntactic consequences of variability: that is, whether or not morphological variability entails underlying syntactic deficits. The interrelationship between morphological features in their own right has been largely ignored. This thesis addresses the representation of L2 features by investigating the use of default morphology---the outcome of systematic substitution errors employed by speakers of L2 Spanish. It is hypothesized that underspecified features act as defaults; by assumption, those features that are unmarked are underspecified.Evidence to support this hypothesis comes from two sets of experiments conducted on intermediate- and advanced-proficiency L2 Spanish subjects (L1 English). The first set of experiments addresses verbal morphology, and consists of a spontaneous production experiment on person, number, tense, and finiteness, and a comprehension task on person and number. The second set of experiments addresses gender and number in nominal morphology, and consists of a spontaneous production experiment on determiners, an elicited production experiment on clitics and adjectives, and a picture-selection task on the comprehension of clitics. Across tasks and across verbal and nominal domains, errors involve the systematic substitution of underspecified morphology. The observation that morphological variability extends to comprehension, and is qualitatively similar to the variability found in production, counters the suggestion that variability is strictly a product of mere performance limitations on production. Finally, the systematicity of substitution errors suggests that the natural classes of features such as gender, number, tense, and person are acquirable in an L2, regardless of whether or not these features have been instantiated in the native language.
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Müller, Judith. "Study of stress-induced morphological instabilities." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35472.
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We propose a model based on a Ginzburg-Landau approach to study a strain relief mechanism at a free interface of a non-hydrostatically stressed solid, commonly observed in thin-film growth. The evolving instability, known as the Grinfeld instability, is of high technological importance. It can be associated with the dislocation-free island-on-layer growth mode in epitaxy which is an essential process used in the semiconductor industry.In our model, the elastic field is coupled to a scalar order parameter in such a way that the solid supports shear whereas the liquid phase does not. Thus, the order parameter has a transparent meaning in the context of liquid-solid phase transitions.
We show that our model reduces in the appropriate limits to the sharp-interface equation, which is the traditional formulation of the problem. Inherent in our description is the proper treatment of non-linearities which avoids the numerical deficiencies of previous approaches and allows numerical studies in two and three dimensions.
To test our model, we perform a numerical linear stability analysis and obtain a dispersion relation which agrees with analytical results. We study the non-linear regime by measuring the Fourier transform of the height-height correlation function. We observe that, as strain is relieved, interfacial structures, corresponding to different wave numbers, coarsen. Furthermore, we find that the structure factor shows scale invariance. We expect that our result on transient coarsening phenomena can be measured through microscopy or x-ray diffraction.
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Basibuyuk, Hasan Huseyin. "Hymenoptera phylogeny : morphological and behavioural investigations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243984.
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Pfister, Alex. "Unsupervised acquisition of concatenative morphological knowledge." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393689.
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Wilding, James. "Cardiac morphological, functional and cytoskeletal remodelling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288527.
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Abdul-Rahim, Hunar Attoof. "Morphological risk factors in hip osteoarthritis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606376.
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Purpose: Variation in morphology in the proximal femur and pelvis (e.g. acetabular dysplasia, non-spherical femoral head) can biomechanically compromise the hip joint and predispose to hip osteoarthritis (OA). Such morphological variation may in part explain the heritability of hip OA. The objective of this study was to evaluate a range of 2-dimensional morphological measures on standard radiographs to determine: normal range, right: left symmetry, age and gender differences; and to investigate whether they are associated with the risk of hip OA. Methods: A nested case control study was undertaken in 566 unilateral hip OA cases and 1108 controls in the established Nottingham Genetics of Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle (GOAL) database. Unaffected hips of unilateral hip OA cases were compared to the normal controls, under the assumption that similar morphological features would be observed for the affected hips prior to the development of hip OA. Definition of radiographic hip OA was joint space width (JSW) ~ 2.5 mm. Standardized antero-posterior (AP) radiographs of the pelvis were used to measure the morphological features. Measurements were performed by a single observer and the reproducibility was evaluated at baseline, mid and end of the study. Normal values, thresholds (mean±1.96SD) and symmetry of the features were derived from the control subjects. The intra-observer reliability was examined using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (Cl) were calculated for association. Logistic regression was used to adjust for age, gender and body mass index (BM!). Measurements were divided into tertiles to examine dose response. ii Results: The intra-observer reliability
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李揚 and Yang Li. "A morphological study of Chinese folktales." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233776.
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Lan, Yuxuan. "Recognition using morphological scale space trees." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436027.
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Mabbitt, Richard. "Responsive townscape management : a morphological approach." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263993.
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Hellier, Catherine Ann. "Morphological plasticity of the juvenile talus." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439594.
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Nanousi, Vasiliki. "Morphological impairments in Greek agrammatic patients." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398620.
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Roberts, Peter James. "Morphological and molecular systematics of ceratobasidiales." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285829.
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REIS, EDUARDO DE JESUS COELHO. "MORPHOSYNTACTIC ANNOTATION BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CONTEXT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28461@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Rotular as classes gramaticais ao longo de uma sentença - part-ofspeech tagging - é uma das primeiras tarefas de processamento de linguagem natural, fornecendo atributos importantes para realizar tarefas de alta complexidade. A representação de texto a nível de palavra tem sido amplamente adotada, tanto através de uma codificação esparsa convencional, e.g. bagofwords; quanto por uma representação distribuída, como os sofisticados modelos de word-embedding usados para descrever informações sintáticas e semânticas. Um problema importante desse tipo de codificação é a carência de aspectos morfológicos. Além disso, os sistemas atuais apresentam uma precisão por token em torno de 97 por cento. Contudo, quando avaliados por sentença, apresentam um resultado mais modesto com uma taxa de acerto em torno de 55−57 por cento. Neste trabalho, nós demonstramos como utilizar n-grams para derivar automaticamente atributos esparsos e morfológicos para processamento de texto. Essa representação permite que redes neurais realizem a tarefa de POS-Tagging a partir de uma representação a nível de caractere. Além disso, introduzimos uma estratégia de regularização capaz de selecionar atributos específicos para cada neurônio. A utilização de regularização embutida em nossos modelos produz duas variantes. A primeira compartilha os n-grams selecionados globalmente entre todos os neurônios de uma camada; enquanto que a segunda opera uma seleção individual para cada neurônio, de forma que cada neurônio é sensível apenas aos n-grams que mais o estimulam. Utilizando a abordagem apresentada, nós geramos uma alta quantidade de características que representam afeições morfossintáticas relevantes baseadas a nível de caractere. Nosso POS tagger atinge a acurácia de 96, 67 por cento no corpus Mac-Morpho para o Português.
Part-of-speech tagging is one of the primary stages in natural language processing, providing useful features for performing higher complexity tasks. Word level representations have been largely adopted, either through a conventional sparse codification, such as bag-of-words, or through a distributed representation, like the sophisticated word embedded models used to describe syntactic and semantic information. A central issue on these codifications is the lack of morphological aspects. In addition, recent taggers present per-token accuracies around 97 percent. However, when using a persentence metric, the good taggers show modest accuracies, scoring around 55-57 percent. In this work, we demonstrate how to use n-grams to automatically derive morphological sparse features for text processing. This representation allows neural networks to perform POS tagging from a character-level input. Additionally, we introduce a regularization strategy capable of selecting specific features for each layer unit. As a result, regarding n-grams selection, using the embedded regularization in our models produces two variants. The first one shares globally selected features among all layer units, whereas the second operates individual selections for each layer unit, so that each unit is sensible only to the n-grams that better stimulate it. Using the proposed approach, we generate a high number of features which represent relevant morphosyntactic affection based on a character-level input. Our POS tagger achieves the accuracy of 96.67 percent in the Mac-Morpho corpus for Portuguese.
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Fehri, Amin. "Image Characterization by Morphological Hierarchical Representations." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM063/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'extraction de descripteurs hiérarchiques et multi-échelles d'images, en vue de leur interprétation, caractérisation et segmentation. Elle se décompose en deux parties.La première partie expose des éléments théoriques et méthodologiques sur l'obtention de classifications hiérarchiques des nœuds d'un graphe valué aux arêtes. Ces méthodes sont ensuite appliquées à des graphes représentant des images pour obtenir différentes méthodes de segmentation hiérarchique d'images. De plus, nous introduisons différentes façons de combiner des segmentations hiérarchiques. Nous proposons enfin une méthodologie pour structurer et étudier l'espace des hiérarchies que nous avons construites en utilisant la distance de Gromov-Hausdorff entre elles.La seconde partie explore plusieurs applications de ces descriptions hiérarchiques d'images. Nous exposons une méthode pour apprendre à extraire de ces hiérarchies une bonne segmentation de façon automatique, étant donnés un type d'images et un score de bonne segmentation. Nous proposons également des descripteurs d'images obtenus par mesure des distances inter-hiérarchies, et exposons leur efficacité sur des données réelles et simulées. Enfin, nous étendons les potentielles applications de ces hiérarchies en introduisant une technique permettant de prendre en compte toute information spatiale a priori durant leur constructionThis thesis deals with the extraction of hierarchical and multiscale descriptors on images, in order to interpret, characterize and segment them. It breaks down into two parts.The first part outlines a theoretical and methodological approach for obtaining hierarchical clusterings of the nodes of an edge-weighted graph. In addition, we introduce different approaches to combine hierarchical segmentations. These methods are then applied to graphs representing images and derive different hierarchical segmentation techniques. Finally, we propose a methodology for structuring and studying the space of hierarchies by using the Gromov-Hausdorff distance as a metric.The second part explores several applications of these hierarchical descriptions for images. We expose a method to learn how to automatically extract a segmentation of an image, given a type of images and a score of evaluation for a segmentation. We also propose image descriptors obtained by measuring inter-hierarchical distances, and expose their efficiency on real and simulated data. Finally, we extend the potential applications of these hierarchies by introducing a technique to take into account any spatial prior information during their construction
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Montes, Patricia. "Mechanisms of morphological change in polyhydroxyalkanoates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621905.
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Deb, Nabankur. "Morphological studies in polymer-fullerene blends." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54381.
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Polymer-fullerene blend systems have found relevance and application in a number of fields including organic photovoltaic devices. While synthesizing new materials with desirable electronic properties is essential to designing better photovoltaic devices, it is equally important to understand the complex phase morphology of these blends and its effect on device performance. Consequently, this knowledge could be used to further design new materials and device architecture for more efficient systems. In particular, this dissertation focuses primarily on the morphology in a series of amorphous as well as semi-crystalline polymer-fullerene blend systems both in bulk and thin films and its relation to device performance. Scattering based techniques have been used to determine in-plane and out-of-plane phase morphology. Morphological parameters derived from these studies have shown possible correlation between fullerene segregation and device performance values. The results of these studies have been used to synthesize a thermo-cross-linkable fullerene acceptor having slower diffusion through the polymer, allowing better control of the polymer-fullerene blend morphology. Consequent effects have been studied on device lifetime and thermal stability and have shown significant improvements
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Walther, Georg R. "Cell polarity under extreme morphological conditions." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52208/.
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Cell polarity is an important phenomenon in a multitude of cellular and developmental processes. The cellular contexts that polarity occurs in include a wide array of morphological properties such as size, shape, and growth. An important, conserved system of cell polarity depends on the intracellular localisation of proteins that act as diffusive molecular switches. Since the localisation of these proteins depends on their reactive and diffusive properties, cell size and growth may alter polarity induced by localisation. My work contributes extensive analyses of an established protein localisation model under extreme morphological conditions such as extremely small and rapidly growing cells. My work also uncovers non-trivial, biologically relevant behaviour caused by the inclusion of these morphological properties and further discusses the mechanisms underlying the observed behaviour. In addition, I contribute and discuss a novel computational tool that can continue to aid the research community in understanding cell polarity under extreme morphological conditions.
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Morita, Wataru. "Morphological variability in human maxillary molars." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188520.
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Trader, Brian Wayne. "Molecular and Morphological Investigation of Astilbe." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28145.
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Astilbe (Saxifragaceae) is a genus of herbaceous perennials widely cultivated for their ornamental value. The genus is considered taxonomically complex because of its geographic distribution, variation within species, and the lack of adequate morphological characters to delineate taxa. To date, an inclusive investigation of the genus has not been conducted. This study was undertaken to (a) develop a well-resolved phylogeny of the genus Astilbe using an expanded morphological data set and sequences from the plastid gene matK, (b) use single nucleotide polymorphisms to determine the lineages of cultivated varieties, and (c) successfully culture Astilbe in vitro and evaluate potential somaclonal variation of resulting Astilbe microshoots.
Phylogenetic trees generated from a morphological character matrix of 28 character states divided Astilbe into three distinct clades. Relationships were well resolved among the taxa, though only a few branches had greater than 50% bootstrap support. There is evidence from the phylogeny that some described species may actually represent variation within populations of species. From our analysis I propose an Astilbe genus with 13 to 15 species and offer a key for distinguishing species and varieties.
There was little matK sequence variation among taxa of Astilbe. Phylogeny of Astilbe generated from the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analysis of matK sequences resulted in a polytomy of seven Astilbe species, with relationships within the genus poorly resolved. A second phylogeny of 21 taxa of Astilbe was more informative, aligning cultivated varieties near species from which they were derived. The matK sequence variation for Astilbe taxa was aligned to reveal DNA polymorphisms. Closely related taxa retained polymorphisms at the same sites within the gene sequence. These polymorphic sites could potentially be utilized to confirm the lineage of popular cultivated Astilbe varieties.
Propagation of Astilbe seedlings in tissue culture gave rise to various numbers of microshoots from each of 15 seedlings. Multivariate and cluster analysis of morphological characters from 138 plants derived from 15 seedlings revealed potential somaclonal variants. These variants were characterized by one or more of the following traits: dwarf habit, dark green leaves (high chlorophyll content), increased flowering, or larger plant size. Somaclonal variants with desirable phenotypes may be valuable for cultivar development.Ph. D.
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Tait, Mary Esther. "The syntactic projection of morphological categories." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20236.
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In this thesis I set out to test three hypotheses about the organization of the Grammar; (1) That the grammar can be given a declarative interpretation, and thus no extrinsic ordering or rules is available, and that syntactic structures have a compositional semantics; (2) That all transparent concatenation results from operations of the rules of syntax; and (3) That all syntactic projections must be phonetically visible. Further, I have assumed that the relationship between the lexicon and syntactic representations is monotonic. In testing these hypotheses I develop an underspecified tree representation for lexical entries which allows lexical information to be organized in a manner which is immediately interpretable by the syntax. These lexical trees, through the formal processes of unification and tree adjunction and the operation of X-bar, yield D-structure. I propose a parametrization of case-assigning ability into the distribution of the features [+ /-NECESSARY] and [+ /-UNIQUE] and use this to derive the Extended Projection Principle (for English) and to account for agreement in Labrador Inuttus. This move forces me to arrive at a new treatment of passive in English, however, as verbs in English have the case-assigning matrix [-NECESSARY,UNIQUE] (i.e., are profligate case-assigners). The analysis of passive proposed subsumes passive to other focus rules such as topicalization, by assuming that the passive morpheme -en heads a syntactic projection and assigns the sentential theta-role TOPIC to its external argument position. Topicalization in general is also considered, and proposals made concerning the syntactic structure of topicalized sentences in both Topic Prominent and Subject Prominent Languages. In considering a theta-theoretical analysis of passive, I further propose that animacy effects are properly considered as syntactic, and are best considered as part of the information contained in theta-role assignment. Specifier positions are then considered, and the dichotomy between the characteristics of D-structure selected and un-selected specifiers is discussed. This consideration leads me to propose a revival of the Raising-to-Object Analysis, with the embedded subject raising to [SPEC, VP], from this, the parallel is drawn with passive, and the possibility of NP-movement to [SPEC,IP]. [SPEC,VP] is then considered as a similar position to [SPEC,IP] with respect to the possibility of NP-movement. Different types of relative clauses cross-linguistically are examined, and the PF-Licensing Principle is shown to make desirable predictions about the structure of the so-called headless relatives. Data from Piapoco is considered in some detail, and the PFLP is shown to derive certain attractive tree structure. Agreement in Piapoco is considered, and a feature percolation through SPEC-head coindexing is shown to give the effect of morpheme harmony on certain verbal incorporation structures. The prohibition against invisible syntactic projections and general considerations of the relationship between heads and their complements in the lexicon leads me to propose a redefinition of barrier, such that any head which selects in some way its complement L-marks that complement and thus voids its barrierhood. In this case, then barriers only arise relativized by position, i.e., specifier position and adjuncts (not sisters to lexical heads). If this definition of barrier is adopted, then Zero Subjacency holds and no counting of barriers is necessary. An extension to the X-bar schema is proposed which underlies equative or predicative constructions. Finally, the hypotheses of this thesis are tested in some detail in analyses of Labrador Inuttus and Lakhota. These analyses highlight the difference between agreement and pronominal incorporation, and the typological difference between languages with and without grammatical function changing rules and overt case marking.
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Sedaaghi, Mohammad Hossein. "Morphological filtering in signal/image processing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367104.
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Newell, John T. "Pixel classification by morphological granulometric features /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11210.
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