Academic literature on the topic 'Morpheme position'
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Journal articles on the topic "Morpheme position"
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Heath, Jeffrey. "Lost Wax." Diachronica 14, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 197–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.14.2.02hea.
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SUMMARY Richly inflected languages often have morphologies in which one or two key relational morphemes serve as the glue which binds other, more substantive morphemes together. When an important relational morpheme suffers phonetic erosion, it may be replaced rather abruptly by a successor morpheme which obtains a foothold in the relevant paradigm and then spreads rapidly, replacing the old morpheme throughout the system. We will refer to this as the 'lost-wax' (cire perdue) method of formal renewal, on the analogy of an ancient method for casting bronze artefacts. The point is illustrated by a close case study of two morphemes, Inverse and Potential, connected with the pronominal agreement system of a set of closely related Australian languages. The mechanics are somewhat different in the two cases, but both can be described as variations on the lost-wax method. RÉSUMÉ Dans les langues à inflexion riche, il se trouve souvent que la morphologie possède un ou deux morphèmes relationnels qui servent à lier d'autres morphèmes à plus grande substance sémantique. Quant un tel morphème relationnel risque de disparaître à cause d'érosion phonétique, il peut se faire remplacer d'un coup par un autre morphème qui gagne une entrée dans le paradigme et puis s'étend rapidement jusqu'à occuper la même position relationnelle de l'ancien morphème. Nous proposons la métaphore de 'cire perdue' pour décrire cette méthode de renouvellement formel, par analogie avec une méthode classique de mouler les figures en bronze. Dans ce contexte nous étudions l'histoire de deux morphèmes, inverse et potentiel, dans le système de désinences personnelles d'un groupe de langues australiennes. Chaque cas présente une mécanique originelle, mais tout les deux rentrent dans le cadre général de la méthode 'cire perdue'. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Sprachen mit reicher Inflexion haben oft eine Morphologie, in der ein oder zwei zusammenhängende Morpheme andere wesentlichere Morpheme zusam-menbinden. Wenn ein solches Morphem phonetisch zerfällt, kann es ein anderes Morphem plötzlich ersetzen und eine Stelle im Paradigma finden, von dem es sich im System schnell ausbreiten kann, indem es das alte Morphem im ganzen System ersetzt. Wir nennen hier diesen Vorgang 'verlorene Wachs'-Methode der formellen Erneuerung, als Analogie zur althergebrachten Methode der Gußform von Bronzekunstgegenständen. Wir illustrieren den Vorgang anhand einer Fallstudie von zwei Morphemen im pronominalen System der grammatischen Ubereinstimmung in einigen eng verwandten Sprachen Australiens.
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Al-Rawafi, Abdulkhaleq Ali, Tri Pujiati, and Dadang Sudana. "ON THE TYPOLOGY OF THE NEGATION MARKER MÂ IN MODERN ARABIC DIALECTS: KUWAITI, JORDANIAN, SUDANESE, AND YEMENI." Arabiyat : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 7, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/a.v7i1.14034.
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Modern Arabic Dialects (MADs) have an identical morphological system with some similarities and differences in the choice of the negation morphemes. The main concern of this paper is to discuss the typological properties of the negation morpheme mâ- ما and its variation in four Modern Arabic Dialects (MADs), JA (Jordanian Arabic), KA (Kuwaiti Arabic), SA (Sudanese Arabic), and YA (Yemeni Arabic) taking into account two negation strategies identified by Brustad (2000), namely Verbal Negation and Predicate Negation. Specifically, the study will shed light on the types and positions of the negation morphemes regarding VN and PN strategies. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach. The data were taken from previous studies on negation in MADs and online sources, i.e., published articles and YouTube. The study found that when the negation morpheme mâ - ما is used as a one-negation system or a two-negation system, as a verbal and predicate negation, it changes to the negation morpheme mâ- ما due to phonological conditions and its pre-verbal position. The study concluded that three negation templates might be generalized in the four dialects, namely one-morpheme template, two-morpheme-template, and predicate negation template. Moreover, blocking of the negation morpheme movement in the sentences happens to do to phonological conditions.
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Carden, Julia R., Juan P. Barreyro, Juan Segui, and Virginia Jaichenco. "The fundamental role of position in affix identity." Mental Lexicon 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.19009.car.
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Abstract Previous research suggests that while free morpheme identification during visual word recognition is position-independent, suffixes are activated only when they occur after the stem. Surprisingly, prefix position coding has not yet been assessed. This point is important given that some experimental studies demonstrated clear processing differences between prefixes and suffixes. In this study we examined whether Spanish suffixes and prefixes are recognized independently of their position by adapting the Crepaldi, Rastle, and Davis’s (2010) experimental paradigm. We observed that morphologically structured nonwords in which the affix occurs in its typical position (e.g., curiosura, disgrave) are rejected more slowly and less accurately than their matched orthographic controls (e.g., curiosula, dusgrave). Crucially, such morpheme interference effect is completely absent when the morphemes are inverted (i.e., uracurios and gravedis are rejected as easily as ulacurios and gravedus). Our data provide strong support to the hypothesis that all affix processing is sensitive to position.
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MOSAFFA JAHROMI, Abolfazl. "Expletives in Modern Persian." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 1, no. 3 (January 23, 2012): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.1.3.45-56.
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It has generally been argued that Persian does not include dummy elements called expletives, in spite of the existence of the morpheme ǐn which shows the behavior of an expletive in specific constructions. The morpheme is not a part of the argument structure and has no meaning. In Persian, which is a pro-drop language, the morpheme ǐn as expletive is generated only in [SPEC CP] of an independent clause. This element may occur in a subject position, object position, or as an object of a preposition. In subject and object positions it is optional when S′ moves to the end of the sentence, or is adjoined to it, in other cases it is obligatory. As an object of a preposition it is always obligatory, no matter whether the structure is the result of a movement or not. The aim of this article is to provide evidence in favor of the existence of expletives, and their projection in Persian.
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Koehlinger, Keegan, Amanda Owen Van Horne, Jacob Oleson, Ryan McCreery, and Mary Pat Moeller. "The Role of Sentence Position, Allomorph, and Morpheme Type on Accurate Use of s-Related Morphemes by Children Who Are Hard of Hearing." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 58, no. 2 (April 2015): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-l-14-0134.
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Purpose Production accuracy of s-related morphemes was examined in 3-year-olds with mild-to-severe hearing loss, focusing on perceptibility, articulation, and input frequency. Method Morphemes with /s/, /z/, and /ɪz/ as allomorphs (plural, possessive, third-person singular –s, and auxiliary and copula “is”) were analyzed from language samples gathered from 51 children (ages: 2;10 [years;months] to 3;8) who are hard of hearing (HH), all of whom used amplification. Articulation was assessed via the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Second Edition, and monomorphemic word final /s/ and /z/ production. Hearing was measured via better ear pure tone average, unaided Speech Intelligibility Index, and aided sensation level of speech at 4 kHz. Results Unlike results reported for children with normal hearing, the group of children who are HH correctly produced the /ɪz/ allomorph more than /s/ and /z/ allomorphs. Relative accuracy levels for morphemes and sentence positions paralleled those of children with normal hearing. The 4-kHz sensation level scores (but not the better ear pure tone average or Speech Intelligibility Index), the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Second Edition, and word final s/z use all predicted accuracy. Conclusions Both better hearing and higher articulation scores are associated with improved morpheme production, and better aided audibility in the high frequencies and word final production of s/z are particularly critical for morpheme acquisition in children who are HH.
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Heathcote, Lauren, Kate Nation, Anne Castles, and Elisabeth Beyersmann. "Do ‘blacheap’ and ‘subcheap’ both prime ‘cheap’? An investigation of morphemic status and position in early visual word processing." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 8 (January 1, 2018): 1645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1362704.
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Much research suggests that words comprising more than one morpheme are decomposed into morphemes in the early stages of visual word recognition. In the present masked primed lexical decision study, we investigated whether or not decomposition occurs for both prefixed and suffixed nonwords and for nonwords which comprise a stem and a non-morphemic ending. Prime–target relatedness was manipulated in three ways: (1) primes shared a semantically transparent morphological relationship with the target (e.g., subcheap-CHEAP, cheapize-CHEAP); (2) primes comprised targets and non-affixal letter strings (e.g., blacheap-CHEAP, cheapstry-CHEAP); and (3) primes were real, complex words unrelated to the target (e.g., miscall-CHEAP, idealism-CHEAP). Both affixed and non-affixed nonwords significantly facilitated the recognition of their stem targets, suggesting that embedded stems are activated independently of whether they are accompanied by a real affix or a non-affix. There was no difference in priming between stems being embedded in initial and final string positions, indicating that embedded stem activation is position-independent. Finally, more priming was observed in the semantically interpretable affixed condition than in the non-affixed condition, which points to a semantic licensing mechanism during complex novel word processing.
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Li, Wenshan. "The procedural syntax of fake modification constructions in Chinese." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 66, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 91–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2020.36.
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AbstractThe clitic morpheme de in Mandarin Chinese has various uses. Typically, it is cliticized to a phrase whether the phrase is nominal or adjectival; it can also occur between two noun phrases when there is no relation of semantic modification. The constructions that involve the latter use of de, known as fake modification constructions, have been theoretically characterized many a time. In the existing characterizations, the morpheme is treated either as a mysteriously inserted lexical item, a modification marker, or a genitive morpheme. The existing accounts suffer from a variety of theoretical and empirical problems. Evidence is presented that in some other constructions and in fake modification constructions, de, while having no lexical semantic content of its own, occupies a position that is otherwise occupied by a two-place predicate. Based on this observation, a partially unitary theoretical account of fake modification constructions is formulated from a parsing perspective in the framework of Dynamic Syntax. In this account, four de-morphemes in fake modification constructions are recognized with different syntactic distributions; however, they all contribute a semantically underspecified predicate that is updated by syntactically constrained or context-based inference.
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Fábregas, Antonio, and Martin Krämer. "Why prefixes (almost) never participate in vowel harmony." Lexical Issues in the Architecture of the Language Faculty 2, no. 1 (November 6, 2020): 84–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/elt.00016.fab.
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Abstract One of the most common ways of morphological marking is affixation, morphemes are classified according to their position. In languages with affixal morphology, suffixes and prefixes are the most common types of affixes. Despite several proposals, it has been impossible to identify solid generalisations about the behaviour of prefixes, in opposition to suffixes. This article argues that the reason is that our traditional definitions of suffix and prefix are based on pre-theoretical, surface criteria that have been given up in other areas of linguistics: defining a morpheme as a prefix does not tell us anything about its grammatical nature, as that label does not take into consideration the structural configuration underlying the morpheme. Once the structural configuration is taken into account, solid generalisations begin to emerge. The article illustrates the advantages of this approach through a study of the interaction between vowel harmony and affixes.
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Kruhlij, Olena, and Oksana Cherniak. "DISTRIBUTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBINING." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 831-832 (2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.156-166.
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The article is devoted to the study of distributive characteristics of combining forms in Modern English. The material of the study is words and terms taken from the Modern English dictionaries. A number of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation, classification, systematization), as well as purely linguistic methods (method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources, lexico-semantic analysis, study of vocabulary definitions, contextual interpretation) is applied. The morpheme structure of derivatives with these formants is considered. The positions of the studied units in the morpheme structure of the word are analyzed, as well as the classes of morphemes that are in contact with them. The ways of word formation with the participation of combining forms in Modern English word formation and term formation are singled out. It is revealed that combining forms take an active part in terminological word formation in accordance with the existing patterns and models in the language. In derivation with the participation of the studied elements, depending on the formal means of word formation, affixation, composition and abbreviation are distinguished. The classification of distributive classes with a relatively free and fixed position in the word is given through a detailed study of the sum of all environments of combining forms, order and place, compatibility, properties of their use in relation to other elements are fixed. It was found that the studied elements are characterized by wide combinatorial possibilities, which are manifested in their ability to occupy different positions in the word, which can be relatively free or fixed. Three distributive classes are traced among combining forms the units with relatively free position in a word and fixed position. Bases and prefixes are found in the contact environment of a limited number of combining forms. The vast majority of these forms are combined with elements of the same status and suffixes. Only conditionally complex combining forms are characterized by an identical contact environment on the left and right. Combining forms are mainly characterized by the environment of units with the same status as them (right and left) and suffix environment. A characteristic feature of these elements’ compatibility is the absence of grammatical affixes among the morphemes adjacent to them, and the limited number of prefixes and root morphemes among their contact environment. It seems promising to expand the scope of the study by studying these derivational forms, which function in different terminological systems and in different styles of texts in Modern English. The comparison of combinatorial forms in different modern languages is of particular interest.
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PIGGOTT, GLYNE L. "Against featural alignment." Journal of Linguistics 36, no. 1 (March 2000): 85–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226799008129.
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Morphemes are sometimes expressed by elements that are less than full segments, and, in a given language, the position of these elements in a word may vary. A recent analysis of these ‘mobile morphemes’ claims that their distribution is best explained in an optimality-theoretic framework that incorporates a set of featural alignment constraints (Akinlabi 1996). This paper argues that featural alignment plays no role in the realization of ‘mobile morphemes’. Instead, it recognizes a set of licensing constraints that explicitly identifies where featural exponents of such morphemes may appear in a word. Crucially, these licensing constraints, unlike featural alignment, are not morpheme-specific and therefore enjoy cross-linguistic support. Analyses of Chaha labialization, Terena nasalization, High tone realization in the Edoid associative construction and Southern Sami vowel lowering in terms of licensing are shown to be superior to the alignment-theoretic ones on both descriptive and explanatory grounds.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Morpheme position"
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Pilchtchikova-Chodak, Nina. "On consonant and vowel distribution in initial position of root morphewes in contemporary Russian." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72768.
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Dhadvai, Sandeep. "Understanding the Effect of Morphine on the Accuracy of Nuclear Hepatobiliary Imaging Through a Case Study." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623428.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Many patients present with upper abdominal pain and receive some type of pain relieving therapy prior to gallbladder imaging. The physiologic effect of morphine and other analgesics on gallbladder function has been well‐studied. What hasn’t been studied as much are the implications on clinical practice and the decision about whether morphine is the best option to use in suspected chronic gallbladder disease. This case study serves to illustrate the influence of morphine in a patient who underwent both inpatient and outpatient hepatobiliary scintigraphy with dramatically different results. This case study perfectly shows the considerations that must be taken when using morphine because it eliminates many confounding variables; the only difference in the patient at the time of initial and subsequent presentation was the presence of morphine.
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Hagues, Guillaume. "Propriétés toxicomanogènes des cannabinoïdes. Interactions avec la morphine et l’alcool." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES036.
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Nous avons étudié les interactions entre les cannabinoïdes et la morphine ou l’alcool. Lors d’une injection aigüe, le HU 210 antagonise la stimulation induite par ces drogues. Les effets cataleptigènes et incoordinants du HU 210 n’expliquent pas cet antagonisme. Nous avons aussi évalué l’effet du blocage des récepteurs CB1 sur la réponse à ces drogues. Celui-ci augmente l’effet stimulant de la morphine et altère la réponse à l’alcool de façon biphasique. Un traitement chronique par le HU 210 n’induit aucune hétérosensibilisation motrice à la morphine ou à l’alcool. Au contraire l’activité des animaux est durablement diminuée, de façon biphasique. Un traitement par le HU 210 ne modifie pas la PPC induite par la morphine. Il augmente la PPC induite par une forte dose d’alcool mais pas par une dose modérée. Nous avons observé des modifications hétérogènes de densité et de fonctionnalité des récepteurs NOP de la nociceptine dans des aires motrices et limbiques après une alcoolisation chroniqueWe studied the interactions between cannabinoids and morphine or alcohol. When acutely administered, HU 210 antagonizes the stimulation induced by these drugs of abuse. Cataleptigenic or incoordinating effects of HU 210 do not explain this antagonism. We also evaluated the effect of the blockade of CB1 receptors on the response to these drugs of abuse. This one increases the stimulant effect of morphine and alters the response to alcohol in a biphasic manner. A chronic treatment with HU 210 induces no motor heterosensitization to morphine or alcohol. Contrarily, the activity of animals is durably decreased, in a biphasic manner. A treatment with HU 210 does not modify the CPP induced by morphine. It increases the CPP induced by a high dose of alcohol but by not a moderate dose. We observed heterogeneous modifications of density and functionality of NOP receptors to nociceptine in motor and limbic areas after a chronic alcohol exposure
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Chung, William Wei-Lun, and 鐘偉倫. "Morphological awareness: Semantic transparency, morpheme position, and learning to read Chinese." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42569030011580927242.
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碩士輔仁大學
語言學研究所
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Research has indicated that morphological awareness facilitates reading acquisition. However, it is not clear whether the relationship is unique and independent of literacy experience. In the current study, the nature of morphological awareness and its relation to learning to read Chinese characters was investigated among 46 Chinese-speaking preschool children, who had not received any formal literacy instruction. A group of third-grade children was also included to investigate the effect of literacy experience on morphological awareness. The children took a morphological awareness task, which varied in semantic transparency and morpheme position. Two participant characteristics factors, vocabulary knowledge and extant character reading ability, were measured. Additionally, the preschool children took a character learning task. Their character learning ability was measured by character identification in learnt words, novel words, and pseudowords. Results showed that children’s performances on morphological awareness were affected by semantic transparency but not by morpheme position for both the preschool and the third-grade children. The semantic transparency effect remained significant after controlling for children’s extant character reading ability but not after controlling for children’s vocabulary knowledge. Morphological awareness was related to vocabulary knowledge when partialling out character reading ability, but not to the character reading ability after partially out vocabulary knowledge. In the character learning task, preschool children’s morphological awareness was related to character identification in learnt words but not in novel words or pseudowords. The relation between morphological awareness and character identification in learnt words ceased to be significant when partialling out the variance in children’s prior knowledge of the characters to be learnt. Taken together, the findings suggested that vocabulary knowledge may play a more important role than reading ability in the initial development of morphological awareness and that the facilitatory effect of morphological knowledge in reading acquisition might be mediated by children’s knowledge of the characters to be learnt.
Books on the topic "Morpheme position"
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Di Blasi, Luca, Manuele Gragnolati, and Christoph F. E. Holzhey, eds. The Scandal of Self-Contradiction. Vienna: Turia + Kant, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-06.
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Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922-1975) was both a writer and filmmaker deeply rooted in European culture, as well as an intellectual who moved between different traditions, identities and positions. Early on he looked to Africa and Asia for possible alternatives to the hegemony of Western Neocapitalism and Consumerism, and in his hands the Greek and Judeo-Christian Classics morphed into unsettling multistable figures constantly shifting between West and East, North and South, the present and the past, rationality and myth, identity and otherness. The contributions in this volume, which belong to different intellectual and disciplinary fields, are bound together by a fascination for Pasolini’s ability to recognize contradictions, to intensify and multiply them, as well as to make them aesthetically and politically productive. What emerges is a ‘euro-eccentric’ and multifaceted Pasolini of great interest for the present.
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Zimmermann, Eva. Morphological Length and Prosodically Defective Morphemes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747321.001.0001.
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This book investigates the phenomenon of Morphological Length-Manipulation: processes of segment lengthening, shortening, deletion, and insertion that cannot be explained by phonological means but crucially rely on morpho-syntactic information. A unified theoretical account of these phenomena is presented and it is argued that Morphological Length-Manipulation is best analysed inside the framework termed ‘Prosodically Defective Morphemes’: if all possible Prosodically Defective Morpheme representations and their potential effects for the resulting surface structure are taken into account, instances of length-manipulating non-concatenative morphology and length-manipulating morpheme-specific phonology are predicted. The argumentation in this book is hence in line with the general claim that all morphology results from combination and that non-concatenative exponents are epiphenomenal and arise from affixation of autosegmental elements. Although this position has been defended various times for specific phenomena, it has rarely been discussed against the background of a broad typological survey. In contrast to most existing claims, the argumentation in this book is based on a representative data set for attested morphological length-manipulating patterns in the languages of the world that serves as basis for the theoretical arguments. It is argued that alternative accounts suffer from severe under- and overgeneration problems if they are tested against the full range of attested phenomena.
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Stirtz, Timothy M. Three Analyses of Underlying Plosives in Caning, a Nilo-Saharan Language of Sudan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0016.
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Caning (or Shatt), an Eastern Sudanic (Nilo-Saharan) language of Sudan, has bilabial, alveolar, palatal, and velar plosives, but it is not straightforward for which plosives (if any) there is an underlying voicing contrast. Three analyses that can be shown to account reasonably for the data. One analysis proposes a voicing contrast of all plosives in all word positions where plosives occur. Of the three, this analysis posits underlying plosives most closely to the surface forms. A second analysis proposes only a voicing contrast of alveolar and velar plosives in word-initial position, and posits the same alternation processes in roots that are observed across morpheme boundaries. A third analysis proposes no voicing contrast of any plosives in any position by positing a “ghost” consonant before alveolar and velar plosives in word-initial position. There are advantages to each analysis, but none is without certain obstacles. After the noun root and morphological data of plosives is presented as neutrally as possible, the data are analyzed according to each of the three competing analyses, and the evidence for each is summarized. The reader is left to decide which analysis is the best choice.
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Zimmermann, Eva. The theory of Prosodically Defective Morphemes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747321.003.0002.
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In this chapter, the theoretical background for the theory of PDM is presented. PDM is based on the simple insight that if all possible Prosodically Defective Morpheme representations and their potential effects on the phonological structure are taken into account, instances of length-manipulating non-concatenative morphology and length-manipulating morpheme-specific phonology are predicted. The chapter presents the concrete theoretical background assumptions for the proposed theory of PDM: It is an optimality-theoretic system based on containment for phonological primitives and association lines. New theoretical assumptions are made about the linearization of morphemes that in particular implement a severe restriction on the ordering possibilities of morphemic prosodic nodes. This theory correctly predicts that MLM operations can only affect a restricted set of base positions. As an independent argument for containment theory, the issue of opacity problems in the domain of MLM and the solution containment offers are discussed.
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Mitrović, Moreno. Configurational change in Indo-European coordinate constructions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0002.
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This chapter presents a case study of word order change in coordinate constructions across a wide range of Indo-European languages. Early Indo-European languages had two available patterns of coordination at their disposal: one in which the coordinating particle was placed in first and another in which it was placed in the second position with respect to the second coordinand (‘Wackernagel effect’). Diachronically, the two competing configurations reduce to a single winning one, namely the head-initial one that all contemporary Indo-European languages retained. This is accounted for as the result of the loss of ‘Wackernagel movement’ and the development of a lexicalized J(unction)-morpheme. Resting on the notion of Junction, the analysis succeeds in explaining the bimorphemicity signature of initial conjunctions by deriving the morpheme count as a fusional exponent of two functional heads. The analysis stands on the assumption that narrow- and postsyntactic processes operate in derivationally delimited chunks, qua phases.
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Vajda, Edward J. Patterns of Innovation and Retention in Templatic Polysynthesis. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.21.
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Polysynthetic verb morphology can be extraordinarily complex, with interacting subsystems arranged in phonological and morphological layers, some of which are more readily transparent on the synchronic level. Historical-linguistic comparisons demonstrate that this type of structure can be surprisingly persistent across time, with slow phonological attrition being one of the primary causal agents. Metathesis and reanalysis of morphemes and morpheme positions was also noted as an important agent of change. This chapter examines what is known about the historical layering of two distinct, but possibly genealogically related prefixing verb morphologies: Yeniseian and Athabaskan, both of which have developed different strategies of expressing agreement with subjects and objects, layering these grammatical markers between lexical morphemes and markers of tense–mood–aspect. Phonological fusing of certain sets of adjacent markers renders the pre-root portions of both morphological templates particularly challenging for assigning morpheme glosses. Historical reasons for this evolution are identified and assessed.
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Wetzels, Leo, and Stella Telles. Polysynthesis in Lakondê, a Northern Nambikwaran Language of Brazil. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.42.
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Lakondê, together with Mamaindê and Latundê, belongs to the Northern Nambikwara branch of the Nambikwara linguistic family spoken in Northwestern Brazil. The language is head-marking, predominantly suffixal, and of great derivational productivity. It has an elaborate system of nominal classifiers; it is incorporating, with nuclear arguments integrated in the morphology of the verb. Lakondê has two ways of incorporating nouns: one is prefixal when the incorporated morphemes represent body parts; the other is suffixal, involving nominal classifiers. When the incorporation occurs in dynamic verbs, the integrated classifier morphemes assume the role of direct object. The verbal template provides for more than thirty morpheme positions, which, from the point of view of their function, can be categorized as argumental, adverbial, evidential, and TAM. Flexional suffixes may function as nuclear arguments and dispense with the lexical realization of the subject and the object. With these characteristics Lakondê may be classified as a typical polysynthetic language.
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Vajda, Edward J. Polysynthesis in Ket. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.49.
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The Ket language isolate of Central Siberia differs morphologically from the surrounding languages in having a strongly prefixing polysynthetic verb. Grammatical markers are interdigitated between lexical morphemes, creating a discontinuous stem based on a template of eight prefixal positions, a base position and a single suffix position expressing plural agreement with animate-class subjects. Finite verb forms distinguish past from non-past indicative, as well as an imperative form. Verbs are strictly transitive or intransitive and express person, number, and noun class agreement with the subject and direct object. Although the language has accusative alignment, with subjects marked differently than objects, much of the verb’s linear complexity derives from lexically conditioned agreement strategies. There are three productive transitive configurations of agreement markers, and five productive intransitive configurations. Noun incorporation is productive for only a small number of stems. Some Ket verbs incorporate their object, others their instrument, and others their unaccusative subject.
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Zimmermann, Eva. The complete empirical picture of MLM and the linearization of morphemes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747321.003.0006.
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This chapter presents the representative data set of MLM phenomena which is the base for the theoretical arguments put forth in this book. After giving some general background information about the data set and how it is genetically and areally balanced, the empirical generalizations about (un)attested MLM patterns that can be drawn from this data set are discussed in detail, with a special focus on the positions in the base that are possible and frequent targets for MLM operations. Two main generalizations hold for the MLM patterns in the data set: MLM patterns show a strong edge bias and are far more frequently attested at the right edge of their base than on the left edge. How the locality restriction for MLM follows from the theoretical assumptions about morpheme linearization and especially the assumption of the RecoverableMorphemeOrderCondition proposed in this book is shown in detail.
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van der Hulst, Harry. Harmony as licensing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813576.003.0003.
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This chapter develops an explicit theory of vowel harmony based on unary elements and lateral and positional licensing which is embedded in a general dependency-based theory of phonological structure (called ‘Radical CV Phonology’). Harmony is analyzed in terms of a licensing requirement, which results in ‘agreement’, both intra-morphemically and inter-morphemically, that is, within the domain of the word In essence, the view put forward is that lexical vowel harmony involves the selection of lexically listed allomorphs. Licensing will be the selection mechanism for the proper allomorph. The chapter discusses the treatment of morpheme-internal harmony, trigger and targets in harmony, and the notion of cyclicity.
Book chapters on the topic "Morpheme position"
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Alxatib, Sam. "The Positive Morpheme and Its Interaction with Only." In Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, 53–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37806-6_3.
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"A Brief Side Trip: The Position of the Verb Stem." In Morpheme Order and Semantic Scope, 74–78. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511663659.006.
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Jiang, Li Julie. "Plurality and Complex Nominal Arguments in Mandarin." In Nominal Arguments and Language Variation, 157–210. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084165.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 focuses on -men in Mandarin, a morpheme that has been analyzed as a plural marker and/or a collective marker and has been used to argue for the existence of DP projections in Mandarin. It defends the view that -men is a plural marker but argues against the analysis of placing -men in the D position. By treating -men as a plural morpheme, the Mandarin fact may seem to argue against the proposed uniform D-less structure of numeral containing phrases in Chapter 2. However, this chapter argues that the Mandarin fact does not force us to change the proposed structure in Chapter 2. Specifically, it proposes an analysis of -men as an associative plural marker. The analysis of -men further argues for the lack of DP in Mandarin.
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Álvarez, Juan Jesús Vázquez, and Jessica Coon. "Headless Relative Clauses in Ch'ol." In Headless Relative Clauses in Mesoamerican Languages, 362–402. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518373.003.0011.
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This chapter surveys headless relative clauses in Ch’ol, a Mayan language spoken in the state of Chiapas in southern Mexico. Ch’ol is rare among Mayan languages in possessing a special morpheme found with relativized nouns, the second position clitic = bä. While this morpheme is required for relativized argument nouns, it is not present in free relatives, which suggests a different derivation for this class of construction. Maximal (definite) and existential (indefinite) free relatives are described. They both make use of a fronted wh-expression and lack the morpheme = bä. Maximal and existential free relatives in Ch’ol appear identical to one another in structure. Following existing studies on other languages, it is argued that the different interpretations of these clauses are a result of the environments in which they appear. Finally, Ch’ol has two different types of constructions in which a determiner element is followed by a headless relative: one corresponding to the = bä structure and one corresponding to the free relative structure. The former is proposed to be a regular headed relative clause with an unpronounced head, as has elsewhere been argued for Yucatec. The latter, on the other hand, corresponds to a free relative structure with an added determiner element.
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Egri Ku-Mesu, Katalin. "Inscribing Difference: Code-Switching and the Metonymic Gap in Post-Colonial Literatures." In Narratives Crossing Borders: The Dynamics of Cultural Interaction, 169–88. Stockholm University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16993/bbj.h.
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In their seminal work The Empire Writes Back Ashcroft et al. (1989) identify code-switching between two or more codes in post-colonial literary texts as ‘the most common method of inscribing alterity’ (p.72). Ashcroft (2001) further develops the idea of installing cultural distinctiveness in the text and posits that, together with a wide range of other linguistic devices (e.g. neologisms, ethno-rhythmic prose), the use of code-switching – whether between the variants of the same language or between languages – has a metonymic function to inscribe cultural difference. In this chapter, I will examine the hybrid nature of post-colonial literary texts through the concepts of nativisation (Kachru, 1982a, 1982b, 1984, 1986, 1987, 1995) and indigenisation (Zabus, 1991, 2007). I will then focus on code-switching, adopting Myers-Scotton’s (1993) approach of matrix language vs. embedded language and considering that ‘EL [embedded language] material of any size, from a single morpheme or lexeme to several constituents, may be regarded as CS [code-switching] material’ (p.5). I will analyse examples of code-switching taken from modern Ghanaian English-language novels and short stories, and I will argue that a synecdochic relationship exists between the code-switched embedded language and the culture it originates from. I will contend that it is along the metonymic gap thus created by language variance that readers can be expected to be divided. I will briefly examine the types of authorial assistance that can be provided in order to make the text accessible to the reader, and I will illustrate, in Sperber and Wilson’s (1995) relevance theoretical framework, how different groups of readers cope with code-switched language left in the texts untranslated and/or unexplained. I will argue that by withdrawing assistance from the reader, the author makes it manifest that he concedes ‘the importance of meanibility’ (Ashcroft, 2001, p.76) and opts for the inscription of difference. I will conclude that the metonymic gap is not a simple bi-polar concept between coloniser and colonised culture but a multi-layered entity where the readers’ position in relation to the gap is indicative of their ability to interpret code-switched language unaided. Full appreciation of the writer’s meanings is shown by those readers who share both the writer’s cultural and linguistic experience. Other readers may be able to cross the metonymic gap to various degrees, but for them code-switched language will be the symbol of the writer’s difference of experience.
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Hargus, Sharon, Noel Rude, and Virginia Beavert. "Obviative Prefix Allomorphy in Sahaptin and Nez Perce." In Understanding Allomorphy: Perspectives from Optimality Theory, 177–217. Equinox Publishing Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/equinox.25218.
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Sahaptin and Nez Perce, the only two languages of the Sahaptian family, have a cognate obviative prefix with unusual allomorphy, which is argued to have been inherited from Proto-Sahaptian. Morpheme-specific allomorphy in each language is analyzed by positing allomorph sets, the choice among which is determined by phonological constraints. The analysis of Nez Perce relies on constraints on glottalized sonorants, whereas the analysis of Sahaptin makes use of sonority distance constraints and constraints against contiguous glottal stops. The article concludes with a proposed historical scenario for the development of the two languages, and discussion of the role of phonological constraints in the regulation of allomorphy.
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Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y., and R. M. W. Dixon. "Words altogether." In Phonological Word and Grammatical Word, 285–92. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865681.003.0010.
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This chapter recapitulates the essence of the concepts of phonological and grammatical word discussed throughout the volume. Defining a phonological and a grammatical word is relatively straightforward for some languages, less so for others. For instance, components of a grammatical word generally occur in fixed order; but this can be challenged by highly synthetic languages of Amazonia. Generally, a phonological and a grammatical word tend to coincide. Recurrent mismatches between phonological and grammatical word involve reduplication, compounding, and noun incorporation. Further typical mismatches involve clitics—morphemes which can be shown to form a grammatical word, but cannot be pronounced on their own. Clitics can be distinguished from affixes based on a number of features, including selectivity of the host, position in a word, and phonological rules applying on the respective boundaries. The chapter then addresses the question of the applicability of the concept ‘word’ to languages of different types discussed in the volume.
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Strukov, Vlad. "Gatekeepers of (Non-)Knowledge: Aleksei Balabanov’s Morphine (2008)." In Contemporary Russian Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474407649.003.0003.
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Balabanov’s Morphine is concerned with cultural memory conceived as a continuum; not as identity but rather subjectivity in construction. The concepts relates to Badiou’s study of subjectivity. It determines existence in a world where the horizon of knowledge is always disappearing and is never available to us in its integrity whereby the subject is barred from the infinite. Different directions and speeds of movement generate the transcendental subject in that the subject is in relation to the variations of the lived. One of such states implies a continuum, or becoming without determination, whilst the other, refers to the imperative to construct knowledge out of the elements of the continuum. Such assemblages, rituals and rites allow the subject to access the ‘beyond’, a different realm, where the elements of the past are positioned towards the future. The transcendence of the subject is coded as an unstoppable flow of imagery—a hallucination—divided into sequences by reiterations and references to the cultural discourse: an introspective vision produces not self-organisation but self-destruction as the subject becomes aware of its own infiniteness. I showcase how Balabanov’s Morphine captures the brutality of such openings and the self-annihilating impact of nothingness.
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Plummer, Marjorie Elizabeth. "“No Better than a Brothel”." In Stripping the Veil, 17–52. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857286.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 argues that reformers initially used a rhetorical dichotomy between the “false Christians” and “true Christians” that inverted the traditional spiritual hierarchy of nuns and laywomen by using “spiritual women” and “common women” (whores) in an unconventional way. This inversion produced verbal, sporadic physical, and then organized community violence against the nuns from the first rhetorical calls for the “storming” of convents in the early 1520s until the Peasants’ War. The impulse to use of force to implement reforms in convents grew as officials, visitors, rulers, and even the nuns resorted to new forms of verbal and physical violence to defend their confessional position. This chapter shows how the discussion by Luther and his followers about nuns morphed into a unique form of iconoclasm directed against convents, including violence against nuns.
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Sciuto, Jenna Grace. "“We Will Have to Wait”." In Policing Intimacy, 21–46. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496833440.003.0002.
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In an exploration grounded in the 1865 Black Code and the one-drop rule, this chapter argues that Faulkner’s novels—Absalom, Absalom! (1936), Go Down, Moses(1942,) and Requiem for a Nun(1951)—reveal a deep connection between sexuality and neocolonialism: the circular patterns of abuse and intimacy common to slavery, such as coerced sex across the color line, incest, and the resulting disruption of family bonds, morphed in significant ways in the period following Emancipation but did not disappear. On the surface, the policing of sex, and in particular of racialized and sexualized bodies in Faulkner’s Mississippi, attempted to protect white women; preserve family units; and retain inheritance, land, property, and positions of privilege. However, the true goal was to maintain the color line and preserve colonial ideologies and racist mentalities during periods of upheaval.
Conference papers on the topic "Morpheme position"
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Filippov, Konstantin A., Liubov’ N. Grigor’eva, Mikhail V. Koryshev, Kristina V. Manerova, and Andrei K. Filippov. "REMARKS ON PHONETICS AND SPELLING OF M. LOMONOSOV’S GERMAN TEXTS." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.08.
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M. Lomonosov’s texts in German provide numerous examples of word spelling inconsistency, e. g. Freiheit/Freyheit, Dero/dero, etc. The influencing factors for this are Lomonosov’s individual style and the scientific and educational discourse of 18th century Russia. The research focuses on the alternation of g/h and g/сh. The alternation at the beginning of a morpheme (Staffengagen/Staffenhagen) can be explained by the similarity in the pronunciation of the German letters g and h in Russian educational tradition. As possible reasons for the alternation in the intervocal position after i (abziegen/abzihen) and ei (verzeigen/ Verzeigung/verzeihen), one can point at voicing of a voiceless consonant /h/ in the position between two vowels and Russian spiranta /ɤ/ functioning as a variant of the phoneme /g/. In the final position of a word, the alternation of g / ch is observed in adjectives with the suffix -lich, causing a deviation from the standard spelling in the words neulig and unmöglig. In this case, the explanation could lie in the fact that in the German language, two productive derivational suffixes -ig and -lich exist, similar in form and in semantics. Also in the German texts of Lomonosov one can find variants Petersburg/Petersburch with alternating g/сh at the end of a word. The tradition of substituting -urch for -urg in place names survives in Russian grammar textbooks for foreigners up to mid–19th century as Russian г is pronounced as /x/ at the end of some words. Refs 22.
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Nefedov, Andrey. "A Polysynthetic Language in Contact: The Case of Ket." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.5-2.
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Ket is one of the most enigmatic polysynthetic languages in North Asia. The majority of structural features complicating a clear-cut typological analysis of Ket are due to the long-term contact with the languages of a radically different type that resulted in a peculiar process of structural mimicry (or ‘typological accommodation’ in Vajda’s (2017) terms). The mimicry is most evident in the verbal morphology, which is traditionally regarded as almost exclusively prefixing. While this is true for the oldest layer of verbs with the main lexical root in the final position, Ket’s most productive patterns of verb formation clearly imitate suffixal agglutination typical of the surrounding languages by placing the main lexical root in the initial position with the rest of morphemes following it. This presentation aims to demonstrate that this phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level. Prototypical polysynthetic languages are largely devoid of overt subordination (cf. Baker 1996). Ket, however, signals adverbial subordination by using postposed relational morphemes attached to fully finite verbs. This pattern is common to adverbial clauses in the neighboring languages, the difference being that they attach relational morphemes to non-finite forms only. This functional-structural parallel is likewise attested in relative clauses. The surrounding languages share a common relativization pattern involving preposed participial relative clauses with a ‘gapped’ relativized noun phrase (Pakendorf 2012). This resembles the major relativization pattern in Ket, in which, however, preposed relative clauses are fully finite. Formation of adverbial and relative clauses in Ket clearly mimics that of the surrounding languages and does not conform to the expected ‘polysynthetic’ pattern. At the same time, Ket resists accommodating a participle-like morphology, which can be connected with the general tendency among polysynthetic languages not to have truly non-finite forms (cf. Nichols 1992).
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Fang, Lezheng, and Michael J. Leamy. "Dispersion Morphing in Highly-Reconfigurable Rotator Lattices." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89745.
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Abstract We investigate wave propagation in in-plane rotator lattices and demonstrate dispersion morphing and extreme acoustoelastic effects using analytical and numerical means. By changing the angle of the rotator arms attaching the elastic linkage between adjacent rotators, we show that the band structure may morph from a positive/negative-group-velocity passband into a flat band across the whole wavenumber space, and then into a negative/positive-group-velocity passband. A similar process can also occur at certain fixed arm angles when the lattice constant changes, which one may interpret as stretching or compressing the structure along the lattice directions, effectively mimicking the acoustoelastic effect. We analytically investigate both processes and provide closed-form expressions for the occurrence of flat bands, which indicates the transition of the passband property. Further, we explore a chiral rotator lattice design where the oscillation equilibrium position for each rotator may shift upon the change of the lattice constant. This design has a unique advantage that the morphed passband maintains approximately the same frequency range such that a signal may stay propagating during the process of dispersion morphing. In the end, we present numerical simulations for three potential applications utilizing the aforementioned findings. In these applications, both static and dynamic lattice stretching are considered, resulting in on-demand bi-directional wave-guiding, refraction bending, and time-modulated amplifying. Numerical simulations document a high-quality agreement with theory and yield promising results that may inspire next-generation reconfigurable metamaterials.
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Allen, Luke, Joon Lim, Ian Dettwiller, and Robert Haehnel. "Helicopter Rotor Blade Multiple-Section Optimization with Performance Considerations." In Vertical Flight Society 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16733.
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This paper presents advancements in a surrogate-based, rotor blade design optimization framework for improved helicopter performance. The framework builds on previous successes by allowing multiple airfoil sections to be designed simultaneously to minimize required rotor power in multiple flight conditions. Rotor power in hover and forward flight, at advance ratio μ = 0.3, are used as objective functions in a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The framework is constructed using Galaxy Simulation Builder with optimization provided through integration with Dakota. Three independent airfoil sections are morphed using ParFoil and aerodynamic coefficients for the updated airfoil shapes (i.e., lift, drag, moment) are calculated using linear interpolation from a database generated using C81Gen/ARC2D. Final rotor performance is then calculated using RCAS. Several demonstrative optimization case studies were conducted using the UH-60A main rotor. The degrees of freedom for this case are limited to the airfoil camber, camber crest position, thickness, and thickness crest position for each of the sections. The results of the three-segment case study show improvements in rotor power of 4.3% and 0.8% in forward flight and hover, respectively. This configuration also yields greater reductions in rotor power for high advance ratios, e.g., 6.0% reduction at μ = 0.35, and 8.8% reduction at μ = 0.4.
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Srovnal, Josef, Emil Berta, Alona Rehulkova, Monika Vidlarova, Petr Prasil, Lubomir Vecera, Petr Stourac, Pavla Kourilova, and Marian Hajduch. "Abstract B41: Piritramide analgesia reduces CEA mRNA-positive circulating tumor cells’ presence compared to morphine and epidural analgesia following radical colon cancer surgery." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; January 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.liqbiop20-b41.
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Wright, Cody, and Onur Bilgen. "Design Optimization of a Piezocomposite Morphing Multi-Element Airfoil." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2210.
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Abstract A slotted natural-laminar-flow airfoil design is a two-element airfoil design that employs a slot between the fore and aft elements. This slot alters the pressure recovery condition on the suction surface of the fore element, minimizing skin-friction and inhibiting the laminar to turbulent transition. These benefits reduce overall aircraft drag and increase wing lift. This allows smaller planforms, in turn, reducing fuel burn. This paper investigates the proposal that by help of piezocomposite surface actuation the aft element can be moved, rotated, and morphed to be used as a high-lift effector for take-off and landing conditions. A theoretical analysis is performed using a coupled fluid-structure interaction method assuming static aero-elastic behavior. During analysis the fore-element of the multi-element airfoil is assumed rigid. Thus, shape optimization is limited exclusively to the aft element. Airfoil morphing is achieved by way of piezocomposite actuating elements applied to the pressure and suction sides of the aft element. A genetic algorithm is used to independently optimize substrate thicknesses for each piezocomposite actuator as well as voltage, chord position and piezocomposite length. The nominal and leading edge substrate thicknesses of the airfoil are also varied. The optimized geometry for the high lift configuration is presented.
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Dong, Hong, Georges M. Fadel, and Vincent Y. Blouin. "Vehicle Component Layout With Shape Morphing: An Initial Study." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99272.
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This work focuses on incorporating component shape design into a vehicle configuration design or layout process. A concurrent design process consisting of performing layout design and simultaneous shape morphing of some select components is adopted to replace the traditional sequential design approach. The objective is to improve design efficiency and reduce design cost. Two important issues in the packing optimization with shape morphing problem are identified and studied: the morphing and the optimization. A parameterization-based morphing method and a mesh-based morphing method are implemented, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. To efficiently solve this complex problem, it is proposed to decompose it into a bi-level formulation: system level and component level. At the system level, the given functional objectives of the layout design problem are optimized with respect to component positions and orientations. At the component level, the shape of select components is morphed to minimize the overlap with other objects and the enclosure. By iterating between these two levels, the original problem is solved. This bi-level approach is intended to overcome the complexity of performing the placement simultaneously with the shape morphing.
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Yardley, DA, M. Abu-Khalaf, V. Boni, A. Brufsky, LA Emens, M. Gutierrez, S. Hurvitz, et al. "Abstract OT2-06-04: MORPHEUS: A phase Ib/II trial platform evaluating the safety and efficacy of multiple cancer immunotherapy combinations in patients with hormone receptor–positive and triple-negative breast cancer." In Abstracts: 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 4-8, 2018; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-ot2-06-04.
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Elapolu, Phani Ganesh, Pradip Majumdar, Steven A. Lottes, and Milivoje Kostic. "Development of a Three-Dimensional Iterative Methodology Using a Commercial CFD Code for Flow Scouring Around Bridge Piers." In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58491.
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One of the major concerns affecting the safety of bridges with foundation supports in river-beds is the scouring of river-bed material from bridge supports during floods. Scour is the engineering term for the erosion caused by water around bridge elements such as piers, monopiles, or abutments. Scour holes around a monopile can jeopardize the stability of the whole structure and will require deeper piling or local armoring of the river-bed. About 500,000 bridges in the National Bridge Registry are over waterways. Many of these are considered as vulnerable to scour, about five percent are classified as scour critical, and over the last 30 years bridge failures caused by foundation scour have averaged about one every two weeks. Therefore it is of great importance to predict the correct scour development for a given bridge and flood conditions. Apart from saving time and money, integrity of bridges are important in ensuring public safety. Recent advances in computing boundary motion in combination with mesh morphing to maintain mesh quality in computational fluid dynamic analysis can be applied to predict the scour hole development, analyze the local scour phenomenon, and predict the scour hole shape and size around a pier. The main objective of the present study was to develop and implement a three dimensional iterative procedure to predict the scour hole formation around a cylindrical pier using the mesh morphing capabilities in the STARCCM+ commercial CFD code. A computational methodology has been developed using Python and Java Macros and implemented using a Bash script on a LINUX high performance computer cluster. An implicit unsteady approach was used to obtain the bed shear stresses. The mesh was iteratively deformed towards the equilibrium scour position based on the excess shear stress above the critical shear stress (supercritical shear stress). The model solves the flow field using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, and the standard k–ε turbulence model. The iterative process involves stretching (morphing) a meshed domain after every time step, away from the bottom where scouring flow parameters are supercritical, and remeshing the relevant computational domain after a certain number of time steps when the morphed mesh compromises the stability of further simulation. The simulation model was validated by comparing results with limited experimental data available in the literature.
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Bakke, Christine, and Rena Sakai. "Using Design-Based Research to Layer Career-Like Experiences onto Software Development Courses." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4998.
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Aim/Purpose: This research aims to describe layering of career-like experiences over existing curriculum to improve perceived educational value. Background: Feedback from students and regional businesses showed a clear need to in-crease student’s exposure to career-like software development projects. The initial goal was to develop an instructor-optional project that could be used in a single mid-level programming course; however, the pilot quickly morphed into a multi-year study examining the feasibility of agile projects in a variety of settings. Methodology: Over the course of four years, an agile project was honed through repeated Design Based Research (DBR) cycles of design, implementation, testing, communication, and reflective analysis. As is common with DBR, this study did not follow single methodology design; instead, analysis of data coupled with review of literature led to exploration and testing of a variety of methodologies. The review phase of each cycle included examination of best practices and methodologies as determined by analysis of oral and written comments, weekly journals, instructor feedback, and surveys. As a result of participant feedback, the original project was expanded to a second project, which was tested in another Software Engineering (SE) course. The project included review and testing of many academic and professional methodologies, such as Student Ownership of Learning, Flipped Classroom, active learning, waterfall, agile, Scrum, and Kanban. The study was homogenous and quasi-experimental as the population consisted solely of software engineering majors taking required courses; as based on validity of homogenous studies, class sizes were small, ranging from 8 to 20 students. Close interactions between respondents and the instructor pro-vided interview-like settings and immersive data capture in a natural environment. Further, the iterative development practices of DBR cycles, along with the inclusion of participants as active and valued stakeholders, was seen to align well with software development practitioner practices broadly known as agile. Contribution: This study is among the first to examine layering a career-like software development project on top of a course through alteration of traditional delivery, agile development, and without supplanting existing material. Findings: In response to industry recommendations for additional career-like experiences, a standalone agile capstone-like project was designed that could be layered over an existing course. Pilot data reflected positive perceptions of the project, although students did not have enough time to develop a working prototype in addition to completing existing course materials. Participant feedback led to simultaneous development of a second, similar project. DBR examination of both projects resulted in a simplified design and the ability to develop a working prototype, if and only if the instructor was willing to make adjustments to delivery. After four years, a solution was developed that is both stable and flexible. The solution met the original charge in that it required course delivery, not course material, to be adjusted. It is critical to note that when a working prototype is desired, a portion of the lecture should be flipped allowing more time for guided instruction through project-focused active learning and study group requirements. The results support agile for standalone software development projects, as long as passive delivery methods are correspondingly reduced. Recommendations for Practitioners: Based on the findings, implementation of a career-like software development project can be well received as long as active learning components are also developed. Multiple cycles of DBR are recommended if future researchers wish to customize instructional delivery and develop complex software development projects. Programming instructors are recommended to explore hybrid delivery to support development of agile career-like experiences. Small class sizes allowed the researchers to maintain an interview-like setting throughout the study and future studies with larger classes are recommended to include additional subject matter experts such as graduate students as inter-action with a subject matter expert was highly valued by students. Recommendations for Researchers: Researchers are recommended to further examine career-like software development experiences that combine active learning with agile methods; more studies following agile and active learning are needed to address the challenges faced when complex software development is taught in academic settings. Further testing of standalone agile project development has now occurred in medium sized in person classes, online classes, independent studies, and creative works research settings; however, further research is needed. Future re-search should also examine the implementation of agile projects in larger class sizes. Increasing class size should be coupled with additional subject matter experts such as graduate students. Impact on Society: This study addresses professional recommendations for development of agile career-like experiences at the undergraduate level. This study provides empirical evidence of programming projects that can be layered over existing curriculum, with no additional cost to the students. Initial feedback from local businesses and graduates, regarding agile projects with active learning, has been positive. The area business that refused to hire our underprepared SE graduates has now hired several. Future Research: Future research should explore layering agile projects over a broader range of software development courses. Feedback from hiring professionals and former students has been positive. It is also recommended that DBR be used to develop career-like experiences for online programming courses.
Reports on the topic "Morpheme position"
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Allen, Luke, Joon Lim, Robert Haehnel, and Ian Dettwiller. Helicopter rotor blade multiple-section optimization with performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41031.
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This paper presents advancements in a surrogate-based, rotor blade design optimization framework for improved helicopter performance. The framework builds on previous successes by allowing multiple airfoil sections to designed simultaneously to minimize required rotor power in multiple flight conditions. Rotor power in hover and forward flight, at advance ratio 𝜇 = 0.3, are used as objective functions in a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The framework is constructed using Galaxy Simulation Builder with optimization provided through integration with Dakota. Three independent airfoil sections are morphed using ParFoil and aerodynamic coefficients for the updated airfoil shapes (i.e., lift, drag, moment) are calculated using linear interpolation from a database generated using C81Gen/ARC2D. Final rotor performance is then calculated using RCAS. Several demonstrative optimization case studies were conducted using the UH-60A main rotor. The degrees of freedom for this case are limited to the airfoil camber, camber crest position, thickness, and thickness crest position for each of the sections. The results of the three-segment case study show improvements in rotor power of 4.3% and 0.8% in forward flight and hover, respectively. This configuration also yields greater reductions in rotor power for high advance ratios, e.g., 6.0% reduction at 𝜇 = 0.35, and 8.8% reduction at 𝜇 = 0.4.