Academic literature on the topic 'Morpheme interference effect'
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Journal articles on the topic "Morpheme interference effect"
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Yablonski, Maya, and Michal Ben-Shachar. "The Morpheme Interference Effect in Hebrew." Linguistic Perspectives on Morphological Processing 11, no. 2 (July 18, 2016): 277–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.11.2.05yab.
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An extensive body of psycholinguistic research suggests that word reading involves morphological decomposition: Individual morphemes are extracted and lexically accessed when skilled readers are presented with multi-morphemic orthographic stimuli. This view is supported by the Morpheme Interference Effect (MIE): Responses to pseudowords that contain real morphemes are slower and less accurate than responses to pseudowords that contain invented morphemes. The MIE was previously demonstrated in several languages with linear morphologies. Here, we examined whether the MIE applies to Hebrew, a language with an interleaved morphology, and whether it generalizes across the nominal and verbal domains. Participants performed a lexical decision task on visually presented Hebrew words and pseudowords derived from real or invented roots. The results showed robust MIEs in both the verbal and nominal domains. Specifically, pseudowords derived from real roots induced significantly lower accuracy and longer response times compared to pseudowords derived from invented roots. Participants’ verbal and nominal MIEs were significantly correlated, suggesting that the MIE captures a general sensitivity to morphological structure.
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DEACON, S. HÉLÈNE, and PETER BRYANT. "The strength of children's knowledge of the role of root morphemes in the spelling of derived words." Journal of Child Language 32, no. 2 (May 2005): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000904006816.
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The spelling of words in English is governed in part by the morphemes that make them up. This study examines the strength of children's knowledge of the role of root morphemes in spelling, specifically focusing on whether it can withstand interference by phonological changes. A total of 75 children between seven and nine years of age were given the first parts of two-morpheme transparent and opaque derived words (e.g. musical and objection) and one-morpheme control words (e.g. metal and portion). Children used the clues to a significant extent with the two-, but not the one-morpheme words. This effect was consistent across age groups and across both types of derived words. This is evidence that children's understanding of the link between morphemes and spelling is not impeded by changes in the sound of morphemes. These findings have substantial implications for models of spelling development and for educational practice.
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Carden, Julia R., Juan P. Barreyro, Juan Segui, and Virginia Jaichenco. "The fundamental role of position in affix identity." Mental Lexicon 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.19009.car.
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Abstract Previous research suggests that while free morpheme identification during visual word recognition is position-independent, suffixes are activated only when they occur after the stem. Surprisingly, prefix position coding has not yet been assessed. This point is important given that some experimental studies demonstrated clear processing differences between prefixes and suffixes. In this study we examined whether Spanish suffixes and prefixes are recognized independently of their position by adapting the Crepaldi, Rastle, and Davis’s (2010) experimental paradigm. We observed that morphologically structured nonwords in which the affix occurs in its typical position (e.g., curiosura, disgrave) are rejected more slowly and less accurately than their matched orthographic controls (e.g., curiosula, dusgrave). Crucially, such morpheme interference effect is completely absent when the morphemes are inverted (i.e., uracurios and gravedis are rejected as easily as ulacurios and gravedus). Our data provide strong support to the hypothesis that all affix processing is sensitive to position.
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Gafni, Chen, Maya Yablonski, and Michal Ben-Shachar. "Morphological sensitivity generalizes across modalities." Mental Lexicon 14, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 37–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.18020.gaf.
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Abstract A growing body of psycholinguistic research suggests that visual and auditory word recognition involve morphological decomposition: Individual morphemes are extracted and lexically accessed when participants are presented with multi-morphemic stimuli. This view is supported by the Morpheme Interference Effect (MIE), where responses to pseudowords that contain real morphemes are slower and less accurate than responses to pseudowords that contain invented morphemes. The MIE was previously demonstrated primarily for visually presented stimuli. Here, we examine whether individuals’ sensitivity to morphological structure generalizes across modalities. Participants performed a lexical decision task on visually and auditorily presented Hebrew stimuli, including pseudowords derived from real or invented roots. The results show robust MIEs in both modalities. We further show that visual MIE is consistently stronger than auditory MIE, both at the group level and at the individual level. Finally, the data show a significant correlation between visual and auditory MIEs at the individual level. These findings suggest that the MIE reflects a general sensitivity to morphological structure, which varies considerably across individuals, but is largely consistent across modalities within individuals. Thus, we propose that the MIE captures an important aspect of language processing, rather than a property specific to visual word recognition.
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Dort-Slijper, Marjolein van, Gert Rijlaarsdam, and Eva Breedveld. "De Verwerving Van Morfologische Regels in Schrift (III)." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 61 (January 1, 1999): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.61.09dor.
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In order to provide textbook authors with empirical data on the acquisition in Dutch of written morphology in nouns, verbs and adjectives, several empirical studies have been undertaken. In this article, the third study reports on the performance of the morpheme -e in a special case of adjectives in Dutch: the adjectives derived from participles. The study tries to determine the possible interference between the morphological rules for verb inflection (past tense) and adjective declension in reading and writing. Five classes of adjectives were distinguished according to order of relative difficulty established a priori. Subjects (n=157, grade 6, 7 and 8 from two schools) individually completed a compre-hension and a production task in which factors were systematically varied. Also a recognition test on the spelling of the past tense of verbs was administered. The results showed an effect of categories of verbal adjectives in the production task, but only for groups 7 and 8; group 6 was not sensitive to the differences between the categories. In the recognition task, no effect of type of adjective (verbal or normal) was found for groups 7 and 8; but for group 6, performance on verbal adjectives was lower for the three most difficult categories of adjectives. In the production task, all three groups performed lower on verbal adjectives than normal adjectives in the two most difficult categories of adjectives. It turned out that groups which acquired spelling rules for the past tense of verbs to a higher level, made more errors in the spelling of verbal adjectives, especially in the two categories of adjectives which related the strongest to the spelling of verbs. It was concluded that indications were found that negative transfer or interference is present. Authors recommend changing the order of phases in which spelling rules are trained: from 'adjective declension-verb inflection (past tense)-verbal adjective declension' to 'adjective declension (including verbal adjective declension)-verb declension (past tense).
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Sugianto, Sugianto, and Kamarudin Kamarudin. "THE INTERFERENCES OF SASAK LANGUAGE ON ENGLISH VOCABULARY MASTERY." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v9i1.3235.
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The article is aimed at revealing some crucial languags interferences that happened to Sasak students who were learning English. The Sasak itself is a sub-Austronesian language spoken by most citizens who live in Lombok and half of western Sumbawa. These language interferences play very important roles either in helping the students mastering eng English or challenging them. The positive interferences brought easiness to the students of Sasak to master English vocabularies. On the other hand, the negative interferences caused difficulties for students to learn English as their second language.The article say that defining the language interferences between Sasak and English brought some positive effects, particularly it is a real endeavor to help the lecturers, teachers, and instructors of English in conducting the teaching and learning practices. The research was conducted for the sake of findingpieces of evidences of these interferences issues. The interview was conducted by involving Sasak students who were learning English. Moreover, a writing test of vocabulary was also conducted to confirm the existance of language interferences when they are producing English words. Went through the research, it was concluded that some morphemes that exited in the Sasak were a lot similar to morphemes existed in English. Positively, this fact brought good effects on students who were learning English. Unfortunately, the accent in pronouncing those words was completely different, which then challenged the students to master the English vocabularies.
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Dort-Slijper, Marjolein van, Gert Rijlaarsdam, and Maaike Ditzel. "De Verwerving van Morfologische Regels in Schrift." Taal(leer)problemen 60 (January 1, 1998): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.60.10dor.
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In order to provide authors of text books with empirical data on the acquisition in Dutch of written morphology in nouns, verbs and adjectives, several empirical studies were undertaken. In this article, the second study is reported on the performance of the morpheme -en in a special case of adjectives in Dutch: material adjectives such as 'gouden' (gold). The study tried to determine factors which affect the performance in reading and writing. Factors involved were two interference factors (plural in adjacent nouns; normal adjectives), cognitive task (comprehension versus writing) and two syntactic factors (grammatical function and position in the sentence of the constituent. Subjects (n=80, grades 6 and 7, from four schools) individually completed a comprehension and a production task in which factors were systematically varied. No effects of cognitive task were observed. Therefore only results for the production task were reported in detail. It turned out that material adjectives were more difficult than normal adjectives, and that within the category of material adjectives two subcategories should be distinguished, the easier one in which the morpheme is preceded by a stressed syllable as in 'gouden', and the more difficult one in which this is not the case, as in 'zilveren'. Of the two syntactic factors, only the grammatical function seems to affect the performance: adjectives in constituents with subject function were more difficult than adjectives with other grammatical functions; interactions between group and category of adjectives were found. Of the two interference factors, both factors seemed to affect performance.
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Wu, Christopher L., Shefali Agarwal, Prabhav K. Tella, Brendan Klick, Michael R. Clark, Jennifer A. Haythornthwaite, Mitchell B. Max, and Srinivasa N. Raja. "Morphine versus Mexiletine for Treatment of Postamputation Pain." Anesthesiology 109, no. 2 (August 1, 2008): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31817f4523.
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Background Stump and phantom pains are debilitating sequelae of amputations that are often resistant to treatment. The efficacy of pharmacologic therapies, including opioids and sodium channel blockers, for postamputation pain is uncertain. Methods The authors conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in adult patients with postamputation pain of 6 months or longer and greater than 3 on a 0-10 numeric pain rating scale. Each of the three treatment periods (morphine, mexiletine, or placebo) included a 1-week drug-free interval followed by 4-week titration, 2-week maintenance, and 2-week drug-taper phases. The primary outcome measure was change in average pain intensity from the drug-free baseline to the last week of maintenance. Results Sixty amputees were enrolled; data were analyzed from 56 subjects for one drug period, 45 subjects for two drug periods, and 35 subjects who completed all three drug periods. The mean morphine and mexiletine dosages were 112 and 933 mg, respectively. Morphine treatment provided lower pain scores compared with placebo and mexiletine (P = 0.0003). The mean percent pain relief during treatment with placebo, mexiletine, and morphine was 19, 30, and 53%, respectively (P < 0.0001, morphine vs. placebo and mexiletine). The numbers needed to treat to obtain 50% and 33% decreases in pain intensity with morphine were 5.6 and 4.5, respectively. Treatment with morphine was associated with a higher rate of side effects. Conclusions Therapy with morphine, but not mexiletine, resulted in a decrease in intensity of postamputation pain but was associated with a higher rate of side effects and no improvement in self-reported levels of overall functional activity and pain-related interference in daily activities.
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Agrawal, Neeraj K., Uma Gupta, Nitin Kothari, Shruti Chandra, Rashmi Singh, and Shubham Pandey. "Anti-nociceptive effect of seed extract of Acacia tortilis in rodents." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181164.
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Background: Management of pain is a primary clinical concern for any pathology in medical field. Addiction liability of opioids and troublesome gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs leads to intensive research for compound with lesser side effects.The aim of the study to evaluate the anti-nociceptive activity of Acacia Tortilis Seed Extract (ATE) in experimental animals.Methods: First of all, animals were randomly allocated into four groups of six animals each. In acetic acid induced writhing test model, Group I (NC) served as vehicle control received saline/Tween 80 0.1%, 10ml/kg BW orally, group II (ATE-100) and III (ATE-200) received ATE in dose of 100 and 200mg/kg BW orally respectively and group IV received the standard drug diclofenac sodium in dose of 50 mg/kg BW orally. Group I to IV were same in rest of three experimental models. One additional group of standard drugs (group V) morphine sulfate in dose of 5 mg/kg BW subcutaneously (SC) was allocated for screening method hot plate and tail flick tests. In Formalin induced paw licking test, three additional groups (group V) morphine sulfate in dose of 5mg/kg BW SC, group VI- morphine+naloxone (5mg/kg SC +2mg/kg intra-peritoneally (IP) and group VII - ATE+ naloxone (200mg/kg BW orally +2mg/kg BW IP) were also made.Results: The ATE when administered orally in dose of 100 and 200mg/ kg body weight (BW), produced significant analgesic activity (P <0.01) in acetic acid induced writhing syndrome and late phase of formalin test. In the hot plate test in mice and tail flick test in rats, ATE in same doses also showed significant analgesic activity (P <0.05) which is almost equally efficacious to standard drug diclofenac sodium (50mg/kg BW orally) but far less efficacious than morphine sulfate (5mg/kg BW subcutaneous).ATE (200mg/Kg BW orally) activity did not blocked by naloxone (2mg/kg intra-peritoneal).Conclusions: ATE possesss significant anti-nociceptive activity as evidenced in all the animal models of nociception. It might exert its effect through the peripheral mechanism of analgesic action possibly by interference in biosynthesis, release and/or action of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
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Musclow, Shirley L., Tabatha Bowers, Hanna Vo, Mark Glube, and Thong Nguyen. "Long-Acting Morphine Following Hip or Knee Replacement: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial." Pain Research and Management 17, no. 2 (2012): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/704932.
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BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement surgery experience unmanaged pain during postoperative physiotherapy sessions. It was theorized that a baseline opioid would improve pain management.OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of adding long-acting oral morphine to a routine postoperative regimen for total hip or knee replacement surgery.METHODS: The present study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial for patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement surgery. All patients received routine postoperative analgesia; in addition, the treatment group received long-acting oral morphine 30 mg orally twice daily for three days, while the control group received placebo capsules. The primary end point was a decrease in pain scores by two points on a 0- to 10-point pain rating scale. Secondary end points included adverse effects, acute confusion, pain-related interferences in function and sleep, length of stay and patient satisfaction.RESULTS: Two hundred patients were enrolled in the present study (March 2004 to March 2006). Although the groups were large enough to yield statistical significance, most pain scores did not reach the predetermined improvement for clinical significance. Additionally, there was an increase in opioid usage (P<0.0001), vomiting (P=0.0148) and oversedation (P=0.08). There were no statistically significant changes in function or sleep. Improved satisfaction with pain management was minimal (P=0.052).DISCUSSION: The present study was undertaken to determine the value of adding a long-acting opioid (morphine) to the usual care of patients undergoing total hip or total knee replacement surgery. The results yielded minimally improved pain scores and additional adverse effects (vomiting and oversedation). Published research in which long-acting opioids (oxycodone) were used for similar postoperative procedures did not robustly report improved pain scores. In addition, patients using a long-acting opioid (oxycodone) during the postoperative period reported somnolence, dizziness and confusion. Statistically, the patients in the present study showed higher confusion scores and no improvement for pain-related interferences with activity or walking. The treatment group did report increased satisfaction; however, the significance was weak.CONCLUSIONS: Thirty milligrams twice per day of long-acting morphine from days 1 to 3 following total hip and total knee replacement surgery provided minimal improvements in pain scores, and more adverse effects in the treatment group. The overall strength of evidence for improved outcomes is minimal and thus not supported.
Book chapters on the topic "Morpheme interference effect"
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Mariella Caputo, Mario Felice Tecce, and Alberto Loizzo. "Functional Interference of Dexamethasone on Some Morphine Effects: Hypothesis for the Steroid-Opioid Interaction: An Updated." In Frontiers in CNS Drug Discovery, edited by Anna Capasso, 459–96. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781608051595110010459.
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Capasso, Anna, Mariella Caputo, Mario Felice Tecce, and Alberto Loizzo. "Functional Interference of Dexamethasone on Some Morphine Effects: Hypothesis for the Steroid-Opioid Interaction: An Updated." In Frontiers in CNS Drug Discovery, 459–96. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/978160805159511001010459.
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