Journal articles on the topic 'Morocco. Direction de l'intérieur'
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1
Richardson, George B. "The Theory of the Market Economy." Revue économique 46, no. 6 (November 1, 1995): 1487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.p1995.46n6.1487.
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Résumé La coordination des activités économiques dans une économie de libre entreprise prend place de trois façons : à travers les transactions de marché, à travers la coopération entre firmes liées dans des réseaux d'association et d'affiliation, et à l'intérieur des firmes à travers la direction. Les firmes seront en mesure de prendre des décisions informées d'investissement seulement si les marchés sont, à un certain degré, imparfaits. La coordination à l'intérieur des firmes, qui peuvent être regardées comme des microsystèmes artificiels, dépend aussi de la coopération interne et des arrangements de prix.
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Robert, Benoît. "Les cultures légumières de la Côte de Beauport : leurs liens avec la structure agraire et l’urbanisation." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 16, no. 37 (April 12, 2005): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021019ar.
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Les cultivateurs de la Côte de Beauport ont vécu jusqu'aux années quarante d'une agriculture traditionnelle axée principalement sur l'élevage laitier. Depuis cette date, ils se sont spécialisés dans les cultures maraîchères (surtout légumières). De 1950 à 1965, l'augmentation de la production légumière a été très importante ; par exemple, de 12 500 sacs, la récolte de carottes est passée à 176 125 sacs pour cette période. Même si l'augmentation est moins spectaculaire pour d'autres légumes, elle demeure quand même considérable. Durant cette période « d'effervescence légumière », la trame urbaine s'est développée à l'intérieur de la structure agraire préexistante en s'insérant à l'intérieur du parcellaire lanière orienté selon une direction générale nord-sud. Le développement domiciliaire élimine progressivement les champs légumiers. La partie la plus touchée se situe immédiatement au nord des avenues Royale et des Cascades. Par contre, le rang Saint-Joseph a résisté assez bien à la vague d'urbanisation, sa situation semblait privilégiée. Le parachèvement du boulevard de la Capitale, situé à quelques centaines de pieds au sud du rang Saint-Joseph, semble remettre en question ce château-fort des cultures légumières de la Côte de Beauport.
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Slizhе, M. O., A. B. Semergei-Chumachenko, and El Hadri Youssef. "Current distribution of wind in Morocco." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 17 (October 29, 2017): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.17.2016.07.
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Information about wind is widely used in many sectors of the economy. Wind also causes many dangerous and extreme weather events. Modern climate changes require a certain revision of weather patterns previously accepted for the area. This article provides information on the current space and time distribution of wind characteristics within the territory of Morocco. During the period of 2005-2014 some monthly average wind speed values and data on repeatability of wind directions by gradations were obtained on the basis of physical and statistical analysis of results of observations of wind speed and directions performed at 26 stations.
The authors defined the character of distribution of monthly averages of wind speed within the territory and its seasonal changes. Most of the territory is covered by mountains of Morocco which encourages development of local winds. At central and northern regions of Morocco predominance of weak winds due to complex orography of terrain is observed. In the central part of Morocco there is a region with the lowest values of wind speed. Formation of the wind regime at the coastal stations takes place in a developed breeze circulation. Wind speed and direction are significantly different at the nearby stations, such as Larache and Chefchaouen, Meknes and Fez.
Increase of wind during the warmer half of a year was revealed at all stations. Nature of annual variation of average wind speed at the stations allows us to split the stations into two groups. The first group includes the stations where the average wind speed increases in summer and decreases in winter. The second group includes the stations where the average wind speed increases in spring and decreases in autumn. In the southern part and along the coast, where the terrain is flat, an increase of wind speed is observed. On open plains of the southern part of Atlantic coast during all seasons wind has a direction corresponding to direction of trade winds of the Northern hemisphere. It should be noted that the main factor forming air circulation within the territory of Morocco is represented by trade winds the intensity of which nearly doubles from summer to winter.
Formation of wind directions at the stations takes place mainly under the influence of terrain of the area. At many stations predominant wind direction in January changes by 180º in comparison to the respective July values. Therefore, characteristics of the wind regime of Morocco in 2005-2014 consist in increase of wind speed in the coastal zone and decrease thereof in mountain areas together with presence of two types of annual variation of wind speed depending on physical and geographical conditions.
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Doukkali, Mohammed. "Water institutional reforms in Morocco." Water Policy 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0005.
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Using a teleological perspective and an analytical categorization of the history of water institutions in Morocco, this paper aims to review and evaluate the institutional reforms in the country in the light of the results and hypotheses presented in some recent literature on the subject. The review suggests that considering their overall thrust and direction, the institutional reforms undertaken in Morocco are truly remarkable. While these reforms have paved a solid institutional foundation for promoting an economically responsive water sector, there are still serious reform gaps, especially in areas such as groundwater regulation and supportive institutions for irrigated agriculture. The evaluation of the reform process suggests that Morocco has exploited well the political contexts of resource limit and economic crisis, path dependent opportunities provided by existing institutions and earlier reforms, and the synergetic influences of the countrywide economic reforms and changing political conditions. Clearly, the reform experience of Morocco indicates that although undertaking initial reform can be difficult, subsequent reforms are relatively easier when the political opportunities for reforms provided by both endogenous and exogenous factors are well exploited.
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Martínez Sánchez, Rafael M., Juan Carlos Vera Rodríguez, Jesús Gámiz Caro, Salvador Pardo-Gordó, Guillem Pérez-Jordà, and Leonor Peña-Chocarro. "Reflections on the Other Side. A Southern Iberia Origin for the First Pottery Production of Northern Morocco?" Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1054–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0174.
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Abstract This work is a starting point for rethinking the role of the Iberian Peninsula in the neolithisation of northern Morocco. It focuses on the similarities and divergences between the first pottery productions and their decorations in both territories. This relationship is supported by the existence of an accurate chronological gradation between the first evidence of Neolithisation in Iberian Peninsula and that of northern Morocco which suggests a north–south direction. We also present arguments on the possible links between the early ceramics from the north of Morocco and those from the south of Iberia, providing a first approach to an issue that will need to be carefully analysed in future research.
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Frémeaux, Jacques. "Les forces supplétives de l'armée française au Maroc (1912-1934)." Revue Historique des Armées 235, no. 2 (2004): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2004.5598.
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The auxiliary force of the French Army in Morocco (1912-1934) longside the Moroccan regular units, the French army in Morocco counted in its strength some important contingents of auxiliaries or supplementary forces. The flexibility of their recruitment and the diversity of the roles in which they were employed made them highly valued by French commanders. They formed shock units, such as the famous goums, as well as police forces at the service of the officers of the Bureau of Indigenous Affairs. Others, less well-known, operated under the direction of Moroccan leaders. This article attempts to lift the veil on these formations.
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Okacha, Abdelmonaim, Adil Salhi, Mounir Bouchouou, Kamal Lahrichi, Hamid Fattasse, and Kamal Abdelrahman. "High-Resolution Precipitation Mapping for Morocco: Integrating Orographic and Geographic Influences." European Modern Studies Journal 8, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 531–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59573/emsj.8(2).2024.45.
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Morocco's mountainous regions play a crucial role in shaping its precipitation patterns, influencing everything from water resources to agricultural potential. However, accurately mapping precipitation in such complex terrain is challenging for traditional methods. This study proposes a model that incorporates both topographic and geographic features and prevailing weather patterns to create more accurate maps of average annual precipitation across Morocco. What sets this model apart is its ability to determine the direction of prevailing weather circulation and incorporate geographic and topographic parameters that influence precipitation patterns. Using data from 1965 to 2010, the model estimates an average annual rainfall of 206.4 mm, equivalent to 146.6 billion cubic meters per year, with a terrain aspect deviation to the dominant moisture flux direction set at 280 degrees. This approach is particularly valuable in regions with limited climate data networks, as it leverages existing information to fill in the gaps. By providing more accurate precipitation maps, this model can be a valuable tool for environmental modeling, water resource management, and agricultural planning in Morocco.
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Benyetho, Yousra, and Abdelilah El Attar. "Economic Development and Renewable Energy Nexus in Morocco." Finance & Economics Review 5, no. 1 (August 13, 2023): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/fer.v5i1.557.
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Purpose The present study explores the causal relationships between economic development, renewable energy consumption, nonrenewable energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in the context of Morocco. Methods The panel unit root test, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and bounds test were used to assess the co-integration of the variables in the study and the long-run relationship between them. It employs the Granger causality test using a vector error correction model to determine the existence and direction of causality among the variables. It uses Morocco's annual statistical data from 1990 through 2019. Results The co-integration of the variables in the study was confirmed, implying that a long-run relationship exists between them. The causality test results suggest that a bidirectional causality exists between renewable energy consumption and economic development, which validates the feedback hypothesis of the mutual link between renewable energy consumption and economic development. Implications These findings suggest that Morocco's economic development is critical in providing the required resources for sustainable development. It also implies that boosting renewable energy utilization would enhance Morocco's economic development and limit environmental degradation.
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Amane, Mounia, Mohamed Echchakery, Mohamed Daoudi, Mohamed Hafidi, and Samia Boussaa. "Determinants of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis by case-control study in Morocco." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): e0266291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266291.
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Leishmaniasis is endemic in Morocco where both cutaneous and visceral forms coexist. To date, anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) determinants remain poorly investigated in Morocco. However, the disease risk factors identification is vital to determine the specific preventive process. In this aim, a case-control study was conducted in the main active ACL foci in central Morocco. Epidemiological data were extracted from bulletins, registers and annual reports of the regional direction of Health offices. The socioeconomic and environmental data were collected from epidemiological surveys, completed by a questionnaire intended for accessible positive population and control people selected from the cases’ entourage. The study included 258 cases and 395 controls. Our results showed that many socioeconomic factors were associated with ACL in Morocco such as the rural habitation (OR = 4.163; 95% CI: 2.91–5.96), movement to endemic area (OR = 4.53; 95% CI: 3.03–6.77), provenance from leishmaniasis foci (in Essaouira focus OR = 5.34; 95% CI: 1.19–24.03) and poverty. In addition, environmental factors like proximity of vegetation (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.14–5.25), poor domestic hygiene, particularly the absence of sewage system/waste management (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.35–1.96), and presence of animals (OR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.14–5.25) increase the risk of ACL in Morocco. Except for Matrimonial status (married people, OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.80–9.41), there is however no significant association of the disease with the other socio-demographic factors in the study area (p>0.05). These several risk factors must be taken in consideration to prevent this disease through multidisciplinary collaboration and community participation.
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Driouch, Anas, Latifa Ouadif, Khalid Benjmel, Mohamed Bhilisse, and Said Ilmen. "Determining the regional tectonic stress field by remote sensing in the Bou Azzer inlier, Central Anti-Atlas, Morocco." Mining of Mineral Deposits 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining16.02.049.
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Purpose. This paper deals with the determination of the regional stress field direction of the Bou Azzer inlier using the remote sensing tool. Methods. CIn this study, we use an approach to digital mapping by remote sensing, including the steps of pre-processing and processing of Landsat-8 OLI images. Then, an automatic extraction of lineaments based on directional filtering has been performed. To determine the main directions of major mean fractures, these results have been supplemented and confirmed by an integrated model, including a synthesis of bibliographic works and field studies. Findings. The directional rosette analysis results show four systems of major directions namely, N0°, N45°, N90° and N135°. The regional stress field in the study area, according to tectonic history, is characterized by a horizontal compression tectonic regime, as indicated by several systems of strike-slip faults with a high tendency to deformation. Thus, the abundance of brittle and ductile microtectonic indicators confirms the direction of the main compressive stress N°30. The direction of the three-dimensional stress field: σ1: N°30, σ2: N°120, σ3: Vertical component. Originality. The present study allows to determine the regional stress field direction of the Bou Azzer inlier, in particular, in areas affected by complex tectonics of various scales, as well as in hard-to-reach areas. Practical implications. In mining practice, the study of stability using 2D and 3D geotechnical numerical modeling of underground mine workings is essential. The stress field direction is an important input parameter to develop more realistic decision support models, as well as to ensure the safety of people and materials at the Bou Azzer mine.
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Bonine, Michael E. "The Sacred Direction and City Structure: A Preliminary Analysis of the Islamic Cities of Morocco." Muqarnas 7 (1990): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1523121.
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Bonine, Michael E. "THE SACRED DIRECTION AND CITY STRUCTURE: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE ISLAMIC CITIES OF MOROCCO." Muqarnas Online 7, no. 1 (1989): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118993-90000248.
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Oubry, Omar, and Sara Elatiq. "‘Barriers to Effective Doctor-Patient Communication in Oncology’ (The Oncology Department of the University Hospital Centre (CHU) Hassan II as A Case Study." SAS Journal of Medicine 8, no. 8 (August 27, 2022): 569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2022.v08i08.011.
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The study aimed at identifying the communication barriers encountered during outpatient oncology consultations, at the level of the oncology department of the Hospital University Center (CHU) Hassan II of Fez, Morocco. This study adopted ‘audio-recording’ as a data gathering technique, of course after the permission of the direction of the hospital, as well as the written consent signed by the patients; the recordings playlist was about 24 hour long, which allowed highlighting different obstacles in the doctor-patient communication.
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Alhassan, Abdul Latif. "Insurance market development and economic growth." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 3 (March 7, 2016): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2014-0182.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between insurance penetration and economic growth in eight selected African countries. Design/methodology/approach – The auto-regressive distributed lags bounds approach to cointegration is employed on annual time-series data from 1990 to 2010 to test the causal relationship between insurance and economic growth in Algeria, Gabon, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria and South Africa. The ratio of life and non-life insurance premiums to gross domestic product are employed as proxies for insurance market development. Findings – The results of the bound test shows a long-run relationship between insurance market activities and economic growth for Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria and South Africa. Causality analysis within the vector error correction model indicates a uni-directional causality from insurance market development to economic growth except for Morocco where there is evidence of a bi-directional causality. Causality within the vector autoregressive framework also provides evidence of a uni-directional causality for Algeria and Madagascar to support the “supply-leading” hypothesis while mixed causality was found for Gabon. Practical implications – This findings provides policy direction for governments and regulatory authorities for developing insurance market in the sample countries. Originality/value – This is the first study to examine the finance-growth relationship from the perspective of insurance markets in a cross-section of African countries.
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Kamil, Nurhusni, and Haseena Sultan. "The Role of the Teacher In Managing Child Emotions At American Academy Casablanca School Morocco." JOYCED: Journal of Early Childhood Education 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/joyced.2022.22-12.
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Emotions are the most basic thing in a person. Emotional management needs to be done early on, especially for anyone so that emotions can be controlled in a better direction. In early childhood emotions need to be managed even when starting to enter school age. Many impacts will occur if a child is not able to manage his emotions properly. Emotions generated by children can be caused by many factors such as external and internal factors. The method used in this research is qualitative with a case study approach. In this study the teacher who will be the object of this research is 1 teacher. The criteria are teachers who teach early childhood aged 4-5 years who are included in group B. The purpose of this research is to see the teacher's role in managing children's emotions at the American Academy Casablanca in Morocco. Data collection techniques using interviews and questionnaires. The results of the study show that there is a teacher's role in managing children's emotions during play activities in learning activities in the classroom. There are several ways and methods that are applied by the teacher so that children are able to control their emotions in a better direction, such as the teacher will give advice to children when children are angry or sad. The next step is the teacher will use the ttime-out method if the first step cannot make the child control his emotions with the teacher's expectations.
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Makkaoui, Mohamed, Omar Azzouz, Kamal Belhaj, and Achraf Moqaddem. "Lithostratigraphic analysis and characterization of the upper miocene deformation of the Beni Bou Ifroure massif (Jbel Harcha Unit) eastern Rif Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 364 (2023): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336401011.
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In the eastern Rif the unit of Jbel Harcha which is part of Beni Bou Ifroure massif, the latter belongs to the Rif chain which was formed during the Alpine orogeny. Lithostratigraphic analysis of the geological map and field investigations shows that this unit is constituted by carbonate facies of limestone attributed to the lower and middle Jurassic. At the level of upper Jurassic and Cretaceous we observe metamorphic terms presented by schists. The structural examination allows to distinguish two types of deformation the first one is penetrative which is materialized by a metamorphism of the formations of upper Jurassic and Cretaceous whose direction of the planes of schistosity varies between N125 and N140. This type is linked to a NE-SW shortening, attributed to the Tortonian and materialized by a set of open and normal faults of direction N040 to N045. The second type is generally characterized by brittle structures presented by dextral strike-slip faults of direction N120 to N140 that intersect the ancient accidents. This episode linked to a N-S to NW-SE shortening is responsible for the N070 thrusting of the Jurassic rocks in the study area.
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Roberge, Jean, Bernard Lauriol, and Luc Saint-Pierre. "La morphogénèse de la caverne à la Patate, île d’Anticosti, Québec." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 39, no. 1 (November 29, 2007): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032585ar.
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RÉSUMÉ La caverne étudiée mesure plus de 500 m dont 477 m ont été cartographiés. Elle se situe dans l'île d'Anticosti, à l'intérieur du bassin hydrographique de la rivière à la Patate, dans des roches ordoviciennes faiblement inclinées vers le SSO. Les conditions initiales favorables à son développement holocène sont l'existence d'un plateau calcaire partiellement recouvert de tourbières, entaillé par une vallée profonde de 40 m et affecté par un réseau de fractures perméables. Le développement horizontal et vertical de la cavité a été fortement contrôlé par le contexte structural, notamment la perméabilité et l'orientation des fractures, de même que la direction et le pendage des strates. L'enfoncement de la vallée par rapport au niveau initial de l'entrée de la caverne a eu des conséquences hydrologiques et morphogénétiques, notamment le dénoyage d'une partie de la caverne, qui a favorisé la pénétration du gel jusqu'à une centaine de mètres de l'entrée et provoqué une évolution liée davantage à la gélifraction qu'à la dissolution. Cependant, la dissolution reste le processus essentiel responsable de la spéléogénèse ayant permis la formation de la caverne et la création de conditions propices au déclenchement des processus de gélifraction et d'éboulis. Finalement, cette cavité offre un exemple intéressant de caverne holocène développée dans un milieu recouvert par l'inlandsis wisconsinien.
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El Baghdadi, Mohamed, Radouane Medah, and Amal Jouider. "Using Statistical Analysis to Assess Urban Groundwater in Beni Mellal City (Morocco)." International Journal of Agronomy 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7469741.
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The study was carried out in a shallow phreatic aquifer in the piedmont zone between the Atlas Mountains and Tadla plain in Morocco. This study is carried out using physicochemical analyses with statistical analysis (CA and PCA) to show variability of groundwater hydrochemical parameters beneath Beni Mellal city in order to know spatial variability of water quality under urban activities. Total dissolved solid shows large variation from 355 mg/L to 918 mg/L with high values recorded, as electric conductivity, in the city center. High sulfate content is intercepted also in the old city center with values exceeding the threshold in the Moroccan guideline. Sulfate ions are often suspected of having an anthropogenic origin. All water samples show a dominance of Ca against Mg (Ca/Mg: 1.08–6.25) and HCO3 against SO4 (HCO3/SO4: 0.29–6.92). For most of the trace elements, the measured concentrations were far below the standard values except Al and Fe in some samples which exceed all guideline values. PCA of all dataset highlights eight factors with eigenvalues higher than 1 that explained about 80.34% of the total variance. The first two components PC1 and PC2 explained about 41.14% of the total cumulative variance and were responsible for 24.25% and 16.89% of the variance for each one, respectively. The component PC1 is mostly correlated with electric conductivity, TDS, and chloride. The component PC2 was highly correlated with Ca, Cr, and Zn. The dendrogram at a linkage distance of about 10.5 leads to dividing the diagram into three clusters of water samples, C1, C2, and C3. Cluster C1 shows a medium content of EC, HCO3, and NO3 and low content of TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, K, SO4, and Ba compared with C2 and C3. C1 samples show the lowest ion content, resulting probably from the minimal time of residence within the aquifer with low rock interactions. Cluster C2 regroups samples with high content of Ca, Mg, K, SO4, Al, and Cr, medium content of TDS and Na, and low content of EC, HCO3, NO3, and Cl. Samples in cluster C3 have more content of heavy metal (Cd, Fe, Mn, and Ni), CE, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, HCO3, NO3, and Cl, with low content of Cr and Al and medium values of K and SO4. We recommended the monitoring and follow-up of the water quality under the city and the repair of pipes especially in the downtown area to limit unwanted infiltration. Spatial autocorrelation used with variograms and Moran'I leads to conclude that groundwater parameters varied differently according to the direction, which means that the semivariance depended on direction and distance between samples.
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Bencherif, Hassan, Aziza Bounhir, Nelson Bègue, Tristan Millet, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Kévin Lamy, Thierry Portafaix, and Fouad Gadouali. "Aerosol Distributions and Sahara Dust Transport in Southern Morocco, from Ground-Based and Satellite Observations." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 2454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102454.
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The present study investigates aerosols distributions and a strong Sahara dust-storm event that occurred by early August 2018, in the South of Morocco. We used columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD), Angstrom Exponent (AE) and volume size distributions (VSD) as derived from ground-based observations by 2 AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) sun-photometers at Saada (31.63°N, 8.16°W) and Ouarzazate (30.93°N, 6.91°W) sites, over the periods 2004–2019 and 2012–2015, respectively. The monthly seasonal distributions of AOD, AE, and VSD showed a seasonal trend dominated by the annual cycle, with a maximum aerosol load during summer (July–August) and a minimum in winter (December–January), characterized by a coarse mode near the radius of 2.59 μm and a fine mode at the radius of 0.16 μm, respectively. Indeed, this study showed that aerosol populations in southern Morocco are dominated by Saharan desert dust, especially during the summer season. The latter can sometimes be subject of dust-storm events. The case study presented in this paper reports on one of these events, which happened in early August 2018. The HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model was used to simulate air-mass back-trajectories during the event. In agreement with ground-based (AERONET sun-photometers) and satellite (CALIOP, MODIS and AIRS) observations, HYSPLIT back-trajectories showed that the dust air-mass at the 4-km layer, the average height of the dust plume, has crossed southern Morocco over the Saada site, with a westward direction towards the Atlantic Ocean, before it changed northward up to the Portuguese coasts.
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Habiby, Salwa. "The DSGE model and the optimal monetary rule." Archives of Business Research 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.102.11618.
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Inflation targeting policy is a monetary policy framework that ensures a low inflation rate, close to an objective that is usually 2%. Due to deterioration of the relationship between monetary variables and aggregates in many economies, this policy is emerging as a new monetary strategy. Bank Al-Maghrib is part of this process, and thus Morocco has taken the first step in this direction by adopting a more flexible exchange rate regime. Nevertheless, the transition to this regime requires knowledge of the transmission of the interest rate on inflation and output.
In this article, we determine the optimal monetary rule to accomplish Morocco's transition to inflation targeting. We evaluate this rule by first constructing a DSGE model for a closed economy and then estimating through Bayesian estimation four sub-models (four monetary rules).
The comparison between models shows that the rule associated with inflation and output targeting with interest rate smoothing allows for better transmission of monetary policy. It is therefore the optimal monetary rule for the eventual implementation of inflation targeting policy in Morocco.
Keywords: inflation targeting, credibility, economic growth, Neo Keynesian model, monetary rule.
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El Abidi El Alaoui, Meryeme, Latifa Ouadif, Lahcen Bahi, and Ahmed Manar. "Contribution of applied geophysics in mining prospecting." E3S Web of Conferences 150 (2020): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015003016.
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The Eastern High Atlas (Morocco) contains a variety of rocks with different magnetic susceptibility, among these rocks are those which constitute the Proterozoic and Paleozoic basement of the plain of Tamlelt which is the study area. This work is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of the main magnetic anomalies using the Oisis Montaj program, and the correlation using ArcGis software, from the main « magnetic facies» detected, to the main geological formations affecting the geological basement, highlighted in the plain of Tamlelt. The map of the residual magnetic field shows elongated magnetic anomalies in the direction E-W and NE-SW. the reduction to the pole shows at the level of the plain of Tamlelt a large anomaly elongated in the direction E-W then in the direction NW-SE. The transformation of Tilt Angle allowed to delimit the anomalies of low or high amplitude that limit the shallow structures. The quantitative interpretation of the main magnetic anomalies highlighted in the study area has made it possible to characterize the deep structure of the magnetic bodies, which could contain sulphide clusters, according to the geological and mining context of the studied area.
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El Mahsani, A., and L. Ait Brahim. "Analysis of the recent Plio-Quaternary deformation and the correlation with the focal mechanisms of the significant earthquakes in the Bokoya, Ras Tarf (Eastern Rif)." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902093.
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Relative movements of microplates developed between the African and Eurasian plate characterize the continuity of the tectonic movements in Westerner of the Mediterranean Sea. The convergence movements between these plates, at the origin of the current structuring in oriental Rif. The recent tectonics in the south ripple of Alboran Sea, translated by an important seismic activity, In the North of Morocco, exactly in the Al Hoceima region, considered as zone of plates border with important seismicity. The structural analysis made in this paper and the interpretation of focals mechanisms earthquakes characteristics in the Al Hoceima region, has allows to deduct the main directions of faults, which we compared with the results of the satellite images. This study we has provides to demonstrate the directions of faults which are able to generate earthquakes in the future. The direction NE-SW represents the overall faults dominant in oriental Rif, this major direction coincides with the breaks of surface. A reduced number of faults shows a generall direction NNE-SSO to N-S through the Quaternary formations in the NO of Al Hoceima city, the direction NO does not show a good correlation with the directions of surface rupture, as well as with the deducted directions from focals mechanisms. This study drives us to propose that faults of direction NNE-SSO to NE-SO, represent the major directions of the faults in the Al Hoceima region, which represents the main cause of the seismic activity in the region.
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Bousla, Mohamed, Ali Haddi, Youness El Mourabit, Ahmed Sadki, Abderrahman Mouradi, Abderrahman El Kharrim, Saleh Mobayen, Anton Zhilenkov, and Badre Bossoufi. "Analysis and Comparison of Wind Potential by Estimating the Weibull Distribution Function: Application to Wind Farm in the Northern of Morocco." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2023): 15087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015087.
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To assess wind energy potential in Northern Morocco, a validated approach based on the two-parameter Weibull distribution is employed, utilizing wind direction and speed data. Over a span of two years, from January 2019 to December 2020, measurements taken every 10 min are collected. This study is centered on a comprehensive and statistical analysis of electricity generated from a wind farm situated in the Tetouan region in Morocco. This wind farm boasts a total capacity of 120 MW, comprising 40 wind turbines, each with a 3 MW capacity, strategically positioned along the ridge. Among the available techniques for estimating Weibull distribution parameters, the maximum likelihood method (MLM) is chosen due to its statistical robustness and exceptional precision, especially for large sample sizes. Throughout the two-year period, monthly wind speed measurements fluctuated between 2.1 m/s and 9.1 m/s. To enhance accuracy, monthly and annual theoretical power densities were recalculated using the Weibull parameters and compared with actual measurements. This has enabled the detection of production disparities and the mitigation of forecast errors throughout the entire wind farm. In conclusion, over the two-year production period, turbines WTG 30 and WTG 33 displayed the most significant shortcomings, primarily attributed to orientation issues within the “Yaw system”.
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Garrido, Jose Rafael, Rachid El Khamlichi, Zouhair Amhaouch, Justo Martín, Juan Jose Iglesias-Lebrija, Ernesto Álvarez, Virginia Moraleda, et al. "First data about movements and threats of Rüppell's Vultures (Gyps rueppellii) tagged in Morocco: an international and multi-institutional study." Vulture News 83 (May 9, 2023): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/vulnew.v83i.6.
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The Rüppell's Vulture (Gyps rueppelli) is listed as ‘Critically Endangered’ at the global and regional levels in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. A multi-institutional collaboration to fit 13 vultures with GPS transmitters in northern Morocco was launched to get information on their movements and threats along the flyway, both to the north and the south of the Sahara. Preliminary results from individuals released in November 2021 indicate a low survival rate during the wintering period in Morocco and on the return journey to the Sahel, which is usually attempted by Rüppell's Vultures with large groups of migratory birds, especially Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus). Of the group of tagged individuals, only four birds travelled definitely in a southwards direction, apparently migrating. Two of those have died, with one presumed to have starved in the Algerian desert, and another one presumed to have been killed by human persecution in The Gambia. A third individual was captured by local people in Mauritania and it is unknown what happened thereafter. One bird remains alive in Senegal at the time of writing. For the birds that did not disperse far after being fitted with transmitters, a relatively high number of fatalities seems to confirm that threats to the species are prevalent in Morocco: one bird died after being struck by a wind turbine; one was electrocuted by a power line; and two suffered from starvation and weakness. Birds remaining close to the release area fed mainly at a vulture feeding station or at rubbish dumps, which may indicate that there is a lack of food available in the wider surroundings. Five vultures originally fitted with transmitters are still alive in North Africa at the time of writing.
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ID, Asma, Sabah Selmaoui, Anouar Alami*, Nadia Benjelloun, and Moncef Zaki. "Exploring Student Representations of Biodiversity in Science Education in Morocco: A Didactic Perspective." International Journal of Educational Methodology 9, no. 4 (November 15, 2023): 815–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/ijem.9.4.815.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">In teaching, students' representations could constitute an obstacle to the construction of scientific knowledge and are often considered stable cognitive structures whose organization is sought to be inferred through questionnaires and interviews. This study aims at identifying and analyzing high school students’ representations related to the concept of biodiversity. To meet this objective, a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire were used to collect data. 202 Moroccan students participated in this survey (46.5% from rural areas and 53.5% from urban areas of the "Direction Provinciale" of education of Guelmim city in Morocco). The results of the interview indicated that only 1.82% of the students gave a definition that consists of the three biodiversity dimensions, namely the species, the ecosystems, and the genetic diversity. The questionnaire results revealed a low to medium correlation between their representations and their acquired knowledge related to the concept of biodiversity dealt with in Moroccan school programs (from the discipline of "scientific activity" in the primary cycle and that of "life and earth sciences" in the secondary cycle). The results further indicated a low presence of supervised activities related to biodiversity within the school and therefore a low degree of influence on the students' representations. It was concluded that there was no effective transmission or adequate assimilation of the concept of biodiversity among the students surveyed.</p>
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Dakir, D., H. Rhinane, O. Saddiqi, E. El Arabi, and L. Baidder. "AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF DUNES FROM GOOGLE EARTH IMAGES NEW APPROACH TO STUDY THE DUNES MIGRATION IN THE LAÂYOUNE CITY OF MOROCCO." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W1 (October 26, 2016): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w1-53-2016.
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In desert environments, the sandy dune movements are considered as the main threat to the livelihoods and productivity of people living in Laâyoune city, South of Morocco. Studying dunes at a large scale requires intensive fieldwork and a huge dataset. But this task is not always easy because of the high cost and the limited availability of data. In this paper we present a new approach to study and evaluate the dune dynamic using Google earth archive image acquired from 2005, 2011, 2012, and 2013. To achieve this goal, an area with 3577 meter square including 40 barchan dunes, were selected, and the barchan dunes were automatically extracted from these images using Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques provided by image processing software. The result shows not only the dune shape but also direction of dunes movements, and distance separating dunes. The obtained direction is ranging from North east to South west. The average rate of movement of the extracted dunes between 2005 and 2013 was calculated and is estimated at 32m per year. Validation of these dunes movement of the Laâyoune city was confirmed by the field data and previous studies.
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Ben Kacem, Abderrahmane, Oualid Kamach, Samir Chafik, and Mohamed Ait Hammou. "A hybrid algorithm to size the hospital resources in the case of a massive influx of victims." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp1006-1016.
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Disaster situations either natural or made-man caused a large number of deaths and injured people. Morocco has experienced several disasters recently, the last one was the railway accident on 16 October 2018, which caused 127 serious injuries and 7 deaths. This large number was a big problem for the hospital to manage the received victims in right direction, which caused lives lost and disability. In this article, in collaboration with Mohammed (V) hospital in Casablanca city in Morocco, we suggested a solution that saves lives and eliminates number of disability by using a hybrid algorithm to size the hospital resources in the case of a massive influx of victims. We also suggested a support decision tool that is called Emergency Support Decision Tool. This helpful tool gives an idea about the needed resources that support these emergencies according to the victim’s number. The proposed solution consisted in making a hybrid algorithm that mixed the theoretical simulation process and the experience feedback by developing hybrid genetic and hybrid heuristic algorithms. These algorithms using as an input the matrix solutions that generated under ARENA software and the solution generated by neural networks that based on experiences feedback. The objective was to provide a solution based on available resources. In fact, the results showed that the hybrid heuristic algorithm is more performant than the hybrid genetic algorithm.
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Fourdrin, Jean-Pascal. "Vestiges d'un parapet antique près de la tour du Sacraire Saint-Sernin à Carcassonne." Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400013994.
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Le front oriental de l'enceinte intérieure de la Cité de Carcassonne (fig. 1) conserve plusieurs tours remontant à la fin de l'Antiquité. Celle située au sud de la porte Narbonnaise, accès principal au site, tire son nom de l'intégration de son étage, au Moyen Âge, à l'église Saint-Sernin. A cette époque, le mur de la tour regardant vers l'intérieur de la ville fut démoli, le sol intérieur surcreusé, et l'arrondi concave de la pièce transformé en l'extrémité orientale de l'espace cultuel. Un agrandissement de la fenêtre centrale fut autorisé par une lettre patente du roi Charles VII en l'année 1441. Après la désaffectation de l'église sous la Révolution, la nef, les collatéraux et le clocher ne furent pas conservés. Dans le cadre de la longue campagne de restauration de la Cité entreprise au milieu du XIXe s., les vestiges de la tour firent l'objet de travaux tardivement, vers 1889, sous la direction de Paul Boeswillwald chargé du chantier depuis le décès d'Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. Le restaurateur refit une partie des parements intérieurs, ajouta de nouveaux moellons disposés en arrachement à l'ouest, et reprit toute la limite extérieure du couvrement (fig. 2). Sous la voûte médiévale, on remarque encore deux fenêtres de la fin de l'Antiquité, celles qui sont mentionnées dans la lettre royale. Leur arc à profil demi-circulaire est formé de briques. A mi-hauteur de leurs montants, moellons et briques alternent régulièrement.
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Bosupeng, Mpho. "The Effect of Exports on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Policy Implications." International Journal of Management and Economics 51, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2016-0017.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore long run affiliations between exports and carbon dioxide emissions. This paper examines thirty-seven countries over the period 1960 to 2010 and uses the Toda and Yamamoto causality approach to investigate the direction of causal links. The results reveal that carbon dioxide emissions Granger cause exports in the following economies: Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Morocco, Austria and Ireland. Nonetheless, the reverse causality proved that exports Granger cause carbon dioxide emissions in twelve economies. Furthermore, the study registered bidirectional causal links between exports and carbon dioxide emissions in the USA and Burkina Faso. We conclude that countries should consider exports market demand, energy consumption and economic growth in their attempts to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
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El Kochri, Abdesselam, and Jean Chorowicz. "Oblique extension in the Jurassic trough of the central and eastern High Atlas (Morocco)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 33, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e96-009.
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A field structural analysis has been carried out in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. Paleostress solutions provide information on the successive orientations of major stress patterns during Mesozoic and Cenozoic time. An initial rift stage in the Early Jurassic is characterized by normal–oblique faults bounding tilted blocks, which are associated with tensional paleostress patterns whose minimum component trends west-northwest–east-southeast. Faults parallel to this direction are interpreted as paleotransfer faults. We assume that the divergent motion responsible for the opening of the rift system in the Early Jurassic was oriented west-northwest–east-southeast, subparallel to the paleotransfer faults and the trend of the minimum component (σ3) of the paleostress field. The east–west-trending Jurassic central–eastern High Atlas rift opened obliquely, and not in a pure strike-slip stress regime along east–west-striking faults as previously proposed. A later stage of rifting (Middle Jurassic) is characterized by large normal faults and is supposed to accompany local movements, probably due to gravity. The uplift of the High Atlas belt occurred mainly during the Cenozoic period as a consequence of a north–south- to northwest–southeast-directed compression related to collision between Europe and Africa.
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Alasli, Malak. "Static Risk Mapping of Forest Fires in the Case of the Province of Chefchaouen (Morocco)." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-2-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Forest fire is responsible for a lot of problems as it destroys the landscape. Such spaces are valuable and take very long to recover. Hence, the risk of forest fire consists primarily of both the risk of an outbreak and of propagation which depend, in addition to the weather, to a number of environmental factors including: the type of vegetation (structure and composition), its state of desiccation as well as the slope and exposure to prevailing winds. Therefore, the goal is to develop static hazard maps of a 100&thinsp;m resolution related to the province of Chefchaouen where the focus is on three maps; Surface threatened; Annual pressure of fire; Probability map. The production of these maps is based on various data including statistics on the fire, meteorological references, and flammability. In addition, several data were generated, namely, wind direction, wind speed, humidity, the slope in percent, aspect, etc. The production of these maps will make it possible to orient and optimize the means of investment, in particular with regard to infrastructures, equipment and forest fire management operations.</p>
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Ayachi, Fathi, and Nadia Dridi. "Exports, Imports and Economic Growth en Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and North Africa and Middle East Countries (MENA): A Heterogeneous Dynamic Panel Data Approach." Économie appliquée 67, no. 1 (2014): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2014.3667.
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This paper examine if the Export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis is valid for two groups of countries that are in competition in the international trade: Central and Eastern Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia, Macedonia, Poland, Romania Cyprus, Malta, Turkey) and North Africa and Middle East countries (Algeria , Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, Morocco, Syrian and Iran). In this study we employ new econometric approach developed by [Hurlin and Venet (2001), p. 2001-09] for evaluating the character of the causal processes (homogenous vs. heterogeneous) within a panel framework ignored by other literature. The imports are include in our study as a third impor¬ tant variable affecting the direction of causality between exports and economic growth over the period 1990-2009. Our causality tests uncovered little support for the exports-led growth hypothesis.
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El kholti, Abdeljalil, Kamal Wifaq, Loubna Tahri, Sara Soltani, and Rim El Kholti. "P-375 INTEREST OF NETWORKING IN TRAINING FOR PROMOTING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) IN MOROCCO." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1043.
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Abstract Introduction Networking plays a significant role in training for promoting occupational health and safety (OHS). It offers numerous benefits that contribute to the effectiveness and success of OHS training programs. What’s the contribution of USAT of FMPC, UH2C, during the last 30 years. Methods and Results USAT used networking in OHS training in tree direction: North-South Networking (Knowledge Transfer and Capacity Building, Technical Assistance, Collaborative Research, Policy Harmonization); South-North Networking (Learning from Successes, Cultural Sensitivity, Diverse Perspectives); South-South Networking (Shared Experiences, Resource Sharing, Regional Solutions, Advocacy and Policy Influence) Discussion Networking events provide a platform for discussing important OHS issues and advocating for better workplace safety standards. By connecting with like-minded professionals, participants can amplify their efforts to promote OHS awareness and positive change. Conclusion Networking in OHS training enhances learning, knowledge sharing, and collaboration among professionals in the field. During the last 30 years, USAT was a key player using networking as an important tool to support the development of effective training programs, encourages innovation, and contributes to the overall improvement of workplace health and safety practices.
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Bazzi, Mehdi, Ghita Bennouna, and Hasna Chamlal. "Credit scoring in the service of entrepreneurship in morocco: Pragmatic approach for the selection of promising projects." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 3 (2016): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i3c1art4.
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The different policies adopted at the national and international level aimed at investing in the youth to accelerate their development on all socio-economic, political and cultural sectors. This orientation is based on the considerable growth of this population of youth from 15 to 29 years old representing about one third of the total population of the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) (Approximately more than 100 million). However, lack of direction and support needed to fully contribute to the development of their communities, this potential can turn into frustration, as demonstrated by the "Arab Spring". In this sense and to promote the opportunities with these young people, Morocco has launched several employment programs like “Moukawalati” directing them to the world of entrepreneurship. From the perspective of successful operational deployment of these programs, this paper presents a practical approach of selection of the promising projects through the implementation of a highly predictive scoring approach adapted to the specificities of this segment of young micro-entrepreneurs.
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Bingman, Verner P., Mohammed Aziz El Agbani, Bouchra Benazzouz, and Anna Gagliardo. "Initial orientation of homing pigeons on the Atlantic coast of Morocco is affected by a strong preferred compass direction (PCD)." Italian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 4 (January 2004): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000409356590.
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Azad, Shirzad. "In Quest of a Second Boom." Contemporary Arab Affairs 11, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2018): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2018.000015.
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In spite of her troubled presidency at home and premature, ignominious exit from power, Park Geun-hye made serious attempts to bolster the main direction of the Republic of Korea’s (ROK) foreign policy toward the Middle East. A collaborative drive for accomplishing a new momentous boom was by and large a dominant and recurring theme in the Park government’s overall approach to the region. Park enjoyed both personal motivation as well as politico-economic justifications to push for such arduous yet potentially viable objective. Although the ROK’s yearning for a second boom in the Middle East was not ultimately accomplished under the Park presidency, nonetheless, the very aspiration played a crucial role in either rekindling or initiating policy measures in South Korea’s orientation toward different parts of a greater Middle East region, extending from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to Morocco.
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Bengtsson, Kenneth. "Flyttvägar och övervintringsplatser for svenska skrattmåspopulationer." Ornis Svecica 6, no. 1–2 (April 1, 1996): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v6.22992.
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A total of 1,508 recoveries of Black-headed Gulls Lorus ridibundus ringed as young in Sweden is analysed. There was hardly any evidence of a non-directional juvenile dispersal. Rather young gulls seemed to leave colonies and start migrating in the predominantly southwesterly direction soon after fledging. The recovery data suggest two main migratory routes for Swedish Black-headed Gulls, one along the Baltic coast and across the Danish Isles, the other across Sweden, mainly in the South Central Lowlands, and later along the coasts of Jutland. There are some indications that more northerly populations spend the winter slightly further to the north than more southerly ones. Although a few recoveries were from as far south as Morocco and some from Central Europe, the main wintering areas of Swedish Black-headed Gulls are Britain, The Netherlands, Belgium and France.
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Mahir, Fatima-Zahra, and Omar Rajâa. "Organizational Maturity in Companies in Terms of Strategic Directions: Cases of ONEE, ONEP and Barid Al Maghrib." Business and Management Studies 3, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v3i4.2762.
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In an environment characterized by globalization, several companies and groups are feeling increasing pressure on their competitiveness, innovation, market flexibility.... At the level of strategic management of the company and its operations, this pressure inevitably challenge the strategic direction put in place by the companies.The present study, based on survey data collected from 3 Moroccan groups, ONEE (National office of Electricity and drinking water), ONEP (National office of Drinking Water) and Morocco Post Group (Barid Al Maghrib), aims at a more in-depth understanding of the strategic direction. A concept that has been apprehended, mainly, by two approaches:- The comparative approach defined, in eight dimensions according to Venkatraman (1989) and Chan and al. (1997).- The recognized typological approach of Miles and Snow (1978) which includes defenders, analyzers and prospectors.The main objective of this research is first to analyze a literary review of these two approaches, then to project the different dimensions and theoretical characteristics on the empirical level.On the basis of questionnaires relating to the two approaches, we identified the main dimensions that characterizes each group, classified the groups according to their typologies, and we obtained as a result two groups as type "defender" and a group as type "Analyzer".
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Kereszturi, Ákos, Ludovic Duvet, Gyula Gróf, Ákos Gyenis, Tamás Gyenis, Zsuzsanna Kapui, Bálint Kovács, and Gyula Maros. "Characterization and first results of the planetary borehole-wall imager — methods to develop for in-situ exploration." Open Astronomy 28, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/astro-2019-0001.
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AbstractPrototypes of borehole-wall imager instruments were developed and tested at a desert riverbed in Morocco and at a lake’s salty flat in the Atacama desert, to support the drilling activity of ExoMars rover. The onsite recorded borehole images contain information on the context that are lost during the sample acquisition. Benefits of the borehole-wall imaging is the easier maximal energy estimation of a fluvial flow, the detailed information on sedimentation and layering, especially the former existence of liquid water and its temporal changes, including paleo-flow direction estimation from grain imbrication direction. Benefits of laboratory analysis of the acquired samples are the better identification of mineral types, determination of the level of maturity of granular sediment, and identification of the smallest, wet weathered grains. Based on the lessons learned during the comparison of field and laboratory results, we demonstrate that recording the borehole-wall with optical instrument during/after drilling on Mars supports the paleo-environment reconstruction with such data that would otherwise be lost during the sample acquisition. Because of the lack of plate tectonism and the low geothermal gradient on Mars, even Ga old sediments provide observable features that are especially important for targeting Mars sample return and later crewed Mars missions.
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Malki, Khalifa, Aziza Bounhir, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Jonathan J. Makela, Nicole Vilmer, Daniel J. Fisher, Mohamed Kaab, et al. "Ionospheric and thermospheric response to the 27–28 February 2014 geomagnetic storm over north Africa." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 4 (July 12, 2018): 987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-987-2018.
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Abstract. The present work explores the ionospheric and thermospheric responses to the 27–28 February 2014 geomagnetic storm. For the first time, a geomagnetic storm is explored in north Africa using interferometer, all-sky imager and GPS data. This storm was due to the arrival at the Earth of the shock of a coronal mass ejection (CME) associated with the solar flare event on 25 February 2014. A Fabry–Perot interferometer located at the Oukaïmeden Observatory (31.206° N, 7.866° W; 22.84° N magnetic) in Morocco provides measurements of the thermospheric neutral winds based on observations of the 630 nm red line emission. A wide-angle imaging system records images of the 630 nm emission. The effects of this geomagnetic storm on the thermosphere are evident from the clear departure of the neutral winds from their seasonal behavior. During the storm, the winds experience an intense and steep equatorward flow from 21:00 to 01:00 LT and a westward flow from 22:00 to 03:00 LT. The equatorial wind speed reaches a maximum of 120 m s−1 for the meridional component at 22:00 LT, after the zonal wind reverses to the westward direction. Shortly after 00:00 LT a maximum westward speed of 80 m s−1 was achieved for the zonal component of the wind. The features of the winds are typical of traveling atmospheric disturbance (TAD)-induced circulation; the first TAD coming from the Northern Hemisphere reaches the site at 21:00 LT and a second one coming from the Southern Hemisphere reaches the site at about 00:00 LT. We estimate the propagation speed of the northern TAD to be 550 m s−1. We compared the winds to the DWM07 (Disturbance Wind Model) prediction model and find that this model gives a good indication of the new circulation pattern caused by storm activity, but deviates largely inside the TADs. The effects on the ionosphere were also evident through the change observed in the background electrodynamics from the reversal in the drift direction in an observed equatorial plasma bubble (EPB). Total electron content (TEC) measurements of a GPS station installed in Morocco, at Rabat (33.998° N, 6.853° W), revealed a positive storm.
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Raddi, Youssef, Lahssen Baidder, Mohamed Tahiri, and André Michard. "Variscan deformation at the northern border of the West African Craton, eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco: compression of a mosaic of tilted blocks." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 178, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.178.5.343.
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Abstract North of the Saharan cratonic domain, the Anti-Atlas mountains correspond to the foreland, external fold belt of the Variscan orogen which extends in the Meseta block to the north, and Mauritanides to the southwest. The Anti-Atlas was uplifted during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic, and display several basement culminations (“boutonnières”) amidst the folded Palaeozoic cover. Recent studies in western Anti-Atlas emphasized the basement implication in the shortening process (thick skinned structure). Hereafter we investigate the cover-basement relations in eastern Anti-Atlas south of the Ougnat culmination, based on mapping at scale 1:50,000. The Palaeozoic sequence is much thinner than in the west, and the décollement levels are less important. Flexural slip folds are concentrated along the faults (en échelon folds) and within some rhombic domains crushed between major faults (e.g. Angal-Gherghiz Lozenge), whereas other areas are monoclinal. The main shortening direction deduced from the fold axes trend is directed ~N045°E as in the Ougarta range further to SE. At a regional scale, this shortening direction interferes with a N-S trending one. A sketch map of the top of the basement makes visible a mosaic of S- to SE-ward tilted blocks. The faults between these blocks are inherited from paleofaults which formed during extensional events during the Cambrian, late Ordovician, and (mainly) Middle-Late Devonian. The paleofault array is indicative of a proximal passive margin setting at the northern border of the metacratonic domain. The fault inversion and their dominant strike-slip throw occurred during a late Variscan (Stephanian-Permian) compression event, postdating the NNW-SSE collision of the Meseta block.
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DANDURAND, Pierre. "Pouvoir et autorité du professeur de l’enseignement public québécois." Sociologie et sociétés 2, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001168ar.
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Résumé Un bref rappel historique de la structure du pouvoir dans le système scolaire public québécois permiît de dégager la situation nouvelle, comme agents de pouvoir, d'une part des administrateurs qui semblent favorisés par un processus de bureaucratisation de l'enseignement, d'autre part des professeurs qui sont invités par leurs associations à adhérer à un mouvement de profession-nalissition. Cette situation entraîne l'auteur à se poser la question suivante : le mouvement de professionnalisation atteint-il les professeurs au point qu'apparaisse un conflit entre l'autorité professionnelle de ces derniers et l'autorité administrative des directeurs d'école? Se référant à des études sur le personnel des écoles élémentaires de la Commission des écoles catholiques de Montréal, l'auteur constate qu'à ce niveau, la réaction des professeurs est ambivalente : s'ils s'inscrivent dans un mouvement de professionnalisation qui se présente comme une revendication de statut et une affirmation de leur autorité, ce mouvement n'atteint pas leur relation avec la direction au point de la rendre conflictuelle. L'auteur explique cet état de fait par les particularités de l'enseignement à l'élémentaire, la conception encore traditionnelle de l'autorité en milieu scolaire à ce niveau, les attitudes de revendication et de retrait qui caractérisent la volonté de participation des groupes à l'intérieur d'une organisation et enfin le contexte de changement rapide dans lequel s'inscrit le système scolaire québécois de la dernière décennie. À la lumière de ces explications, il postule cependant que, dans les écoles élémentaires du Québec, le conflit entre l'autorité professionnelle et l'autorité administrative serait actuellement à un point minimal et qu'à des niveaux supérieurs, un conflit plus ouvert devrait se manifester entre professeurs et administrateurs.
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Бурагба, Р., Rabii Buragba, М. В. Перькова, and M. V. Perkova. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT CITIES OF MOROCCO ON THE EXAMPLE OF MARRAKESH." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5d35d0b7015671.21777827.
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The article traces the process of forming the planning structure of the historical core in the general structure of Moroccan cities. The sequence of development the Medina of Marrakech, the main ele-ments of its planning structure and development by periods is revealed. This study examines the Islamic period with the alternation of ruling dynasties. The general features of the planning of Morocco cities and characteristics of the planning structure of Marrakesh are reflected. There are five identified stages in the development of functional-planning structure of Marrakech, each is characterized by change and addition of the planning structure elements, the increase in perimeter buildings of the Medina, with the inclusion of new elements. The history of construction and transformation of key monuments of architectural heritage and their impact on the general structure of the Medina is considered. The development of the territory and construction of residential areas along the perimeter of the existing Medina led to the emergence of a new contour of the enclosing wall with trade and craft sectors. This is typical for the second and the third period. Further development of the city takes place in the fourth and fifth period through the construction of residential areas outside the Medina (stone walls) and the resettlement of new population. Analysis of the Medina of Marrakesh development allows to reveal its architectural and planning structure, relating it to the type of formation of medieval cities. The considered data can assist to predict the further direction of development the planning structure of the Medina and to prevent its loss and "dissolution" in the city.
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Mrabet, Najoua, Chirine Benzazah, and Ahmed El Akkary. "Technical Analysis and Comparative Study of three Wind Turbines for a 50MW wind farm in Laayoune City Morocco." ITM Web of Conferences 46 (2022): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224601002.
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Wind energy is in the spotlight, it is nowadays the fastest growing source of energy in the world. The objective of this work is to examine wind power potential of Laayoune site using wind speed, wind direction, and other meteorological data collected during one year. This type of complete examination provides information of wind characteristics of potential sites and helps in choosing appropriate wind turbine. In the first part, we have been present a comparison of three methods for estimating parameters of Weibull distribution function wind speed data namely Standard Deviation , Least Squares and Mabchour’s. The comparison has been done using Excel sheet and ALWIN software. In second part, we have been compare three various wind turbines: WES 18-100KW, XANT M-21 100KW and Northem Power NPS 21- 100K for the production of a 50MW electric power from wind energy farm installed in Laayoune city. The criteria of turbine choice is based on the price per kilowatt hour and the higher annual production. The simulation results using HOMER and ALWIN software showed that the wind turbine: XANT M-21 100KW has the higher annual production with low cost of installation.
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Inozemtsev, V. A., I. A. Nelga, I. V. Medvetsky, S. A. Komissarenko, A. V. Zlobin, S. V. Tretyakov, and A. V. Sherstyuk. "History of Foreign Studies of Organophosphate Induced Delayed Neuropathy." Journal of NBC Protection Corps 4, no. 2 (June 19, 2020): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2020-4-2-177-188.
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Сertain organophosphates are highly toxic and can be used as chemical warfare agents. However, some classes of organic phosphorus compounds can cause so-called delayed neurotoxicity. Since the discovery of this phenomenon in 1899, extensive research has been conducted on delayed neurotoxicity caused by organophosphates. Mass poisoning of residents of the United States and Morocco in the last century demonstrated the high danger of substances that cause neurotoxicity, and gave a powerful impetus to research into this phenomenon. In addition to delayed effects, some phosphorus compounds potentiate the action of already known chemical warfare agents, increasing their toxicity by more than 10 times. Research in this direction is conducted under the auspices of the defense departments of the United States, Canada and the Netherlands. The wide distribution of phosphorus compounds in various industries and agriculture, the long hidden period and the irreversibility of lesions caused by neurotoxic organic phosphorus compounds, cause their potential threat to the security of the Russian Federation.
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Szczucińska, Anna, Maciej Dłużewski, Rafał Kozłowski, and Przemysław Niedzielski. "Hydrochemical Diversity of a Large Alluvial Aquifer in an Arid Zone (Draa River, S Morocco)." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0007.
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Abstract In arid areas, with rivers functioning episodically, alluvial resources are the main source of water. Considering the intensified regulation of discharge in montane catchments, supplying the intermittent rivers, in the nearest future alluvial aquifers will gain key importance for the functioning of people in arid zones. The research aimed to investigate the diversified chemistry of alluvial waters typical of large intermittent river valleys in hot arid zones as well as to analyse processes determining the water chemistry and affecting its diversity. The detailed study, carried out in October 2015, covered the Draa river valley (1100 km total length) in the region of the Mhamid Oasis. The examined water was sampled from all wells found in the study area. Concentrations of the main cations: Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NH4+, and Li+, anions: Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, and NO3−, as well as trace elements: Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn, were identified. Results were analysed with statistical, hydrochemical, and geochemical modelling methods. Alluvial waters of the eastern and western part of the oasis differed in concentrations of numerous components, what resulted from the regulation of irrigation. Specific electrical conductivity showed a 3.5-fold increase, from 3800 to 13800 μS/cm, consistent with the direction of water flow in the oasis, from east to west. Even a greater rise was observed for ions: Cl− (6x), Na+ (5.5x), Mg2+ (5.0x), Ca2+, and SO42− (3.5x). Such a composition indicated multiionic hydrochemical type of waters dominated by Na+ and Cl−. Additionally, high Pearson correlation coefficients were recorded for Na+ and Cl− (0.98) as well as Mg2+ and Cl− (0.97). The saturation index suggested that the main water components originated from dissolving of minerals such as halite, anhydrite, sylvite, and gypsum. Groundwater chemistry in the Mhamid Oasis was determined mainly by geogenic processes, such as dissolving of evaporates, precipitation of carbonate minerals, and ion exchange.
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Abdelouhed, Farah, Ahmed Algouti, Abdellah Algouti, Mohamed Ait Mlouk, and Mohammed Ifkirne. "Lithological mapping using Landsat 8 Oli multispectral data in Boumalne, Imider, and Sidi Ali Oubork, High Central Atlas, Morocco." E3S Web of Conferences 234 (2021): 00017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123400017.
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The recognition of geological formations, from a lithological point of view, as well as their tectonic character always remain a major challenge for any precise geological study, in this work we will see the great importance of the application of remote sensing (Landsat OLI, DEM) to realize lithological maps of great interest as well as the realization of detailed lineament maps with the statistics of the performed measurements, the application of some indicated techniques showed a good discrimination of the lithology of geological formations (Fig.8 ,Fig.10,Fig.11),better results and interpretations are also obtained for lineaments affecting the whole area by using the CP1 and DEM methods (Fig.5,Fig.6).Topographic map and geological maps of JBEL SAGHRO DADES and TODGHA MADER (1/200000) gained from ministry of energy and mines, direction of geology (1975), are used for validation of the obtained results by eliminating of artificial structures (roads) and geological layer boundaries. All data sets were pre-processed and projected in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 29 North) projection system and the WGS84 datum using GIS tools (ArcGIS 10.2).
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Tremblay, Germain. "Glaciation et déglaciation dans la région Saguenay - Lac-Saint-Jean, Québec, Canada." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 15, no. 36 (April 12, 2005): 467–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020982ar.
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Le Lac Saint-Jean est situé à l'intérieur du Bouclier Canadien aux sources du Saguenay. Il occupe la partie sud-est d'une dépression structurale d'environ 65 milles (105 km) de long par 35 milles (55 km) de large, limitée sur trois côtés par des escarpements de faille. Les basses terres du Lac-Saint-Jean se situent entre 350 et 600 pieds (100 et 180 m) au-dessus du niveau de la mer. Les hautes terres environnantes dominent de 200 pieds (60 m) à 2 500 pieds (750 m) environ la surface des basses terres. Aucun sédiment interglaciaire n'a été trouvé, jusqu'ici, dans la région Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Il semble donc que cette région fut entièrement couverte de glace au cours du Wisconsin et que le glacier ne se retira probablement pas de la région au cours de cette période glaciaire, contrairement aux basses terres du Saint-Laurent, plus au sud, qui furent découvertes à un stade du Wisconsin et où l'on a trouvé des sédiments interglaciaires datant de plus de 40 000 ans B.P. (38 050 B.C.). Les formes liées à l'écoulement glaciaire : drumlins, crêtes morainiques, stries glaciaires et roches moutonnées, notamment celles localisées sur les hautes terres du Bouclier canadien, indiquent que le glacier progressait, au maximum wisconsinien, suivant une direction générale SSO et sud. Par contre, dans les basses terres du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, les stries et les dispositions de cailloux traduisent un écoulement vers le sud-est. Plusieurs stries sont plus ou moins parallèles aux vallées du Saguenay et du Lac Kenogami. Ces dernières ont probablement été formées à la fin de la période glaciaire alors que la glace était mince et que son écoulement était conditionné par ces deux vallées, ainsi que par l'escarpement de faille dans la partie sud du Lac-Saint-Jean.
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Madsen, Chris. "From Auvours Plateau to Minister of Marine: Limitations of Auguste Gougeard as an Agent of Organizational Change in the French Navy 1870- 1886." Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 32, no. 4 (July 18, 2023): 463–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.1041.
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Following the Franco-Prussian War, the French Navy confronted the need for fundamental changes to its organization during the early years of the Third Republic. Auguste Gougeard - a naval officer, general, politician, and cabinet minister - pushed for naval reform through his published writings and advocacy, and eventually gained the opportunity to implement change when he became political head of the navy. But, the established naval leadership disliked his personal qualities, republican ideals, and non-consensus approach. This article traces Gougeard’s military and political life, his role inside and outside the navy as an influencer, and relative effectiveness as minister of marine in Léon Gambetta’s brief republican government. Complicated relations with the navy’s top admirals impaired acceptance of proposed organizational changes in the French Navy that delayed real progress.
Après la guerre franco-prussienne, la marine française fait face à des changements fondamentaux de son organisation au cours des premières années de la Troisième République. Auguste Gougeard - officier de marine, général, homme politique et ministre - a fait avancer pour la réforme navale à travers ses écrits publiés et ses plaidoyers, et a finalement eu l'opportunité de mettre en œuvre des changements lorsqu'il est devenu chef politique de la marine. Mais la direction navale établie n'aimait pas ses qualités personnelles, ses idéaux républicains et son approche non consensuelle. Cet article retrace la vie militaire et politique de Gougeard, son rôle à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de la marine en tant qu'influenceur, et son efficacité relative en tant que ministre de la marine durant le bref mandat du gouvernement républicain de Léon Gambetta. Les relations compliquées avec les principaux amiraux de la marine ont entravé l’acceptation des changements organisationnels proposés dans la marine française, ce qui a retardé les progrês réels.
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Ait Bahammou, Youssef, Ahmed Benamara, Abdellah Ammar, and Ibrahim Dakir. "Fracture zones detection for groundwater exploration integrating Resistivity Profiling and Very Low Frequency electromagnetic methods (Errachidia basin, Morocco)." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/congeo-2019-0009.
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Abstract Resistivity Profiling and Very Low Frequency (VLF) electromagnetic methods were introduced to study fracture zones detection in Zaouia Jdida locality, within the Errachidia basin. The Horizontal Profiling was conducted in Wenner-α array, with AB = 300 m and profile lines oriented NW–SE and NE–SW. The resistivity measurements were taken using MAE advanced geophysics instruments. The VLF profiles were implanted with the length reaches 1000 m and profile lines oriented in NE–SW direction. The VLF measurements were collected using T-VLF iris instrument and the data filtering was done using KHFFILT software. Two filters, Karous-Hjelt and Fraser, were applied to the real component of the secondary electromagnetic field. The qualitative interpretation of resistivity results, showed the presence of subsurface targets; fracture zones were detected at 70m, 240m and 450m positions along the profile P1, at 180m, 340m and 450m positions from the profile P2. The semi-quantitative interpretation of VLF results revealed the presence of two principal fracture zones at L3 and L5 locations, oriented NW–SE, at a depth range of 30 m to 60 m. The VLF anomaly observed at L3 location is confirmed by the resistivity measurements from the profile P1 (at 70m station). The identified fractures represent the potential zones for groundwater supply and then will have an implication on storage and movement of groundwater in the prospect area.