Academic literature on the topic 'Moroccan constitutional court'

This study discusses Islamic law in Morocco. The author focuses on the study of the government system and the development of Islamic law there. This study used descriptive qualitative method or so-called literature study /library research. Literature study examines data by exploring, observing, examining, and identifying existing knowledge in the literature to get a conclusion of truth, both philosophical and empirical. This study concludes that Morocco is a Muslim country, the population is more than 98% embraced Islam, the system of government is a democratic, social and constitutional monarchy that is based ongoverned by the 1972 constitution which was amended in 1980, 1992, and in September 1996. It has Mudawwana al-Usrah (2004) which is a contemporary family law in Morocco, family law which was originally still contained in fiqh books has become an implementing law. The legal system in Morocco is divided into two types of judiciary; Shari'a Court and Madaniyah Court (General Court). The existence of the renewal of private law (akhwal syakhsiyah) is guided by three principles, first, the principles and foundations of family law that are applied are the Maliki Mazhhab, second, paying attention to aspects of maslahah mursalah, third, the laws imposed in other Muslim countries The Moroccan government allows abortion for cases of rape and incest or incest or serious defects and incurable diseases of the fetus. last, Morocco is a country that allows polygamy. The issue of polygamy is regulated in the 1958 family law law Article 30 paragraph (1).

Resumen: En Derecho marroquí, la prueba de ADN está limitada al reconocimiento de la paternidad dentro del marco matrimonial, con lo cual la filiación extramatrimonial no puede producir ninguno de los efectos legales entre padre e hijo. El Tribunal de Primera Instancia de Tánger (Marruecos) ha roto con una tradición jurisprudencial muy arraigada al reconocer la paternidad de una niña a través de la prueba biológica. Tal decisión fue rechazada en segundo grado. Ello, se encuentra incompatible con la realidad social marroquí, viola los principios fundamentales de la Constitución y las disposiciones de los convenios internacionales ratificados por Marruecos.Palabras clave: filiación extramatrimonial, prueba ADN, código de familia marroquí (CFM), constitución (CM), convenios internacionales.Abstract: In Moroccan law, DNA test is limited to the recognition of paternity within the matrimonial relationship, so that extramarital filiation cannot produce any of the legal effects between father and son. The Court of First Instance of Tangier (Morocco) has broken with a deep-rooted jurisprudential tradition by recognizing the paternity of the child through biological test. Such decision was rejected in the second degree. This is incompatible with the Moroccan social reality; it also violates the fundamental principles of the Constitution and the provisions of international conventions ratified by Morocco.Keywords: extramarital filiation, DNA test, Morrocan Family Code, constitution (CM), international conventions.

In January 2002, Zacarias Moussaoui, a French national of Moroccan descent, pleaded not guilty in Virginia federal court to six counts of conspiring to commit acts of international terrorism in connection with the September 11 attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center. In other times, it would have seemed unremarkable for someone charged with conspiring to murder American citizens and destroy American property on American soil to be tried in a U.S. civilian court. More than two centuries ago, Article I, Section 8, Clause 10 of the United States Constitution granted Congress the power to "define and punish Piracies, Felonies committed on the High Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations," a power that Congress immediately exercised by criminalizing piracy, the eighteenth-century version of modern terrorism. Since then, Congress has criminalized numerous other international offenses. In recent decades, United States courts have decided criminal cases convicting international hijackers, terrorists, and drug smugglers, as well as a string of well-publicized civil lawsuits adjudicating gross human rights violations. Most pertinent, federal prosecutors have successfully tried and convicted in U.S. courts numerous members of Al Qaeda, the very terrorist group charged with planning the September 11 attacks, for earlier attacks on the World Trade Center and the U.S. embassies in Tanzania and Kenya.

The procedure for unconstitutionality of laws in countries that have entrusted the task of controlling the constitutionality of laws to a political body differs from those States that have entrusted this task to a judicial body, as countries that have taken political control such as France and Algeria have been entrusted with censorship of the constitutionality of laws to a Constitutional Council Adjudicates the legality of the Law on which the money of a dispute depends when it violates rights and freedoms, whereas in states that take judicial control, such as the United States of America and Morocco, the law is adjudicated by a judicial body, often a constitutional court. The study attempts to explain the most important differences between the two types of control over the constitutionality of laws and the powers of judicial bodies in charge of supervision.

Abstract: The legal battle between Morocco's influence in Europe and the Front Polisario has persisted throughout most of the European Union's (EU) existence. At the battle's forefront lies the role of international law inside the EU's complex constitutional and institutional frameworks. In the latest legal proceedings, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) rendered its decision in the contested Western Sahara Campaign United Kingdom case. The decision did not assist in resolving the EU's legal position with respect to the Morocco-Western Sahara dispute. On one side, Advocate-General Wathelet's substantive opinion applied international law to the EU's role in the Western Sahara-Morocco conflict stricto sensu. On the other side, a rather short CJEU decision reaffirmed the status quo; that EU-Morocco treaties do not apply to the territory of Western Sahara. This commentary analyses and contrasts the CJEU decision and Advocate-General Wathelet's opinion against the EU's Völkerrechtsfreundlichkeit policy. Furthermore, this commentary suggests that the CJEU cannot be held responsible for implementing international law within the EU's external trade framework, as that responsibility – and any consequences from its failure – fall generally to EU institutions, which have thus far refused to follow Völkerrechtsfreundlichkeit as expected.

Resumen: En este trabajo se analiza las normas del Código de Familia de Marruecos que regulan la disolución del matrimonio y sus efectos, desde la óptica del orden público español. La finalidad es establecer su aplicabilidad por los Tribunales españoles para atender las demandas que en este sentido se formulan por los inmigrantes marroquíes que residen en nuestro país. Para ello se parte de un concepto estricto de orden público y del respeto a la multicultularidad como factor de integración en las sociedades europeas. El estudio se completa con un examen crítico de las resoluciones judiciales dictadas en este sentido.Palabras clave: repudio, divorcio, orden público, discriminación, dote, alimentos, pensión compensatoria.Abstract: This paper analyzes the rules of the Moroccan Family Code that regulate the dissolution of marriage and its effects, from the point of view of Spanish public order. The purpose is to establish its applicability by the Spanish Courts to meet the demands made in this regard by the Moroccan immigrants residing in our country. This is based on a strict concept of public order and respect for multiculturalism as a factor of integration in European societies. The study is supplemented by a critical examination of the cases law issued in this sense.Keywords: repudiation, divorce, public order, discrimination, dowry, alimony, spousal support.

This study aims to highlight the gains in the right of individuals in Morocco to access constitutional justice by pleading the unconstitutionality of a specific statute. It looks at the regulation of this right and the conditions for the acceptance of such claims in comparison with other constitutional judicial systems, specifically the French constitutional judiciary, as well as the extent to which this mechanism helps to safeguard and protect rights and liberties. I use a comparative approach to identify similarities and differences between the Moroccan constitutional judiciary and its French counterpart, as well as to draw in the Egyptian constitutional judiciary whenever possible. The study adopts a legal approach to analyse constitutional and legal texts, and court rulings relevant to claims of unconstitutionality, examining the procedures and conditions for making such claims and their limits. The study finds that there are some difficulties that may hinder individuals in their attempt to access constitutional justice, such as frivolous lawsuits aimed only at prolonging litigation, especially given the potential for the proliferation of claims. The study demonstrates that individuals’ access to constitutional justice is linked to their recognition of the need to make proper use of the unconstitutionality argument, in order to avoid flooding the court with frivolous suits.

Abstract This paper examines the role of constitutional courts in the Arab world in relation to freedom of expression. The role of constitutional courts as gatekeepers of constitutional rights in the Arab world has neither been fully assessed nor analyzed. This paper will analyze and review the decisions issued by constitutional courts in the Arab world with an emphasis on constitutional courts in Egypt, Kuwait, Tunisia, and Morocco. Some of these courts have been active in their roles as gatekeepers and have issued relatively progressive decisions in the area of freedom of expression. However, these successes in protecting this constitutional right have been the exception rather than the rule, and hence, this paper will try to examine the reasons behind the failure of these courts in safeguarding this right. The paper will also explore the jurisprudence as to the understanding of the legal boundaries of freedom of expression, as all of the countries in the Arab world follow civil legal systems, and hence, jurisprudence plays a major role in how the courts interpret these rights.

Abstract A child born out of wedlock is typically not entitled to paternity recognition in Morocco. In an unprecedented move in 2017, the First Instance Family Court in Tangiers recognized the familial relationship connecting a father to his biological daughter and ordered him to pay child support, but the ruling was revoked at the appellate court. The appellate court also invalidated the lower court’s use of international conventions, explaining that the child is so foreign to her father that the possibility of their future marriage would not be overruled. After further appeal, the overruling of the appellate court was confirmed at the cassation level in September 29, 2020. The Tangiers First Instance Family Court allowed for DNA tests to be admitted into evidence in family law cases, a procedure that is usually avoided. The plaintiff was a mother who wanted to prove the paternity (bunuwwa) and lineage (nasab) of her daughter born out of wedlock. The case illustrates how, as medical science advances, international law and conventions may interact with domestic, Islamic, and constitutional law. This case also shows how two Muslim jurists reacted to DNA testing and their starkly different use of such expertise in their judicial reasoning.

Le Maroc s’inscrit dans une perspective résolument moderne. Ce constat nous renvoie vers la pertinence de cette thématique dans un pays à forte identité constitutionnelle, porté par une extension remarquable des fondements de ses droits et libertés.La nouvelle Constitution de 2011 est un acte fondateur qui cristallise les aspirations légitimes des citoyens. Elle constitue à travers ses dispositions, la revalorisation de droits de l’homme, de justice et de liberté. Ainsi, la justice constitutionnelle, nouveau concept crée par l’actuelle Constitution, représente un élément incontournable à l’enracinement de la démocratie. Ce projet vise à établir une renaissance institutionnelle, ce qui confirme le choix irréversible de l’État démocratique dans lequel s’affirme le Maroc.Cette thèse porte sur l’évolution de l’État de droit au Maroc depuis l’adoption de sa nouvelle Constitution. Ce thème apparait d’emblée paradoxal en raison de l’existence de nuances entre théories et pratiques. Nous avons tenté, à travers nos recherches, de comprendre cette évolution dans sa réponse aux exigences de protection des droits et libertés fondamentaux. En Outre, nous avons pu remarquer l’apparition consécutive d’autres mécanismes après l’entrée en vigueur de la présente Constitution, tels que la question préjudicielle de constitutionnalité. Et, il est certain qu’aujourd’hui le Maroc a décidé de prendre une franche orientation vers une approche constitutionnelle de la justice, où la nouvelle Cour est désormais la garante de la suprématie de la Constitution par le biais du contrôle a posteriori. Ces éléments ont ainsi amené le Maroc à adopter sa nouvelle Constitution de 2011, ce qui constitue un tournant pour le pays enclin à une transformation de la notion de l’État dans son concept traditionnel, vers un État moderne, où l’État est soumis au droit. C’est avec cette orientation que le Maroc a souhaité faire du droit une norme de référence suprême.Le Maroc ne cesse donc de mener une politique de changements constitutionnels, par de nombreux mécanismes portant un souffle de démocratie moderne
Morocco is in a decidedly modern perspective. This observation brings us back to the relevance of this theme in a country with a strong constitutional identity, driven by a remarkable extension of the foundations of its rights and freedoms.The new Constitution created in 2011 in Morocco is a founding act that crystallizes the legitimate aspirations of citizens. It constitutes through its provisions, the revaluation of human rights, justice and freedom. Thus, constitutional justice, a new concept created by the current Constitution, is an essential element in the rooting of democracy. This project aims to establish an institutional revival, which confirms the irreversible choice of the democratic state in which Morocco asserts itself.This thesis focuses on the evolution of the state governed by law in Morocco since the adoption of its new Constitution. This theme immediately appears paradoxical because of the existence of nuances between theories and practises. Throughout our research, we have tried to understand this evolution in its response to the requirements for the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. Furthermore, following the entry into force of this Constitution we have seen the successive apparition of other mechanisms, such as the interlocutory question of constitutionality. Therefore, it is a certain fact that today Morocco seems to be oriented towards a constitutional approach of justice, where the new Court is henceforth the guarantor of the supremacy of the Constitution through a posteriory oversight.These elements led Morocco to adopt its new Constitution, which is a turning point for the country inclined to a transformation of the notion of the state in its traditional concept, towards a modern state, where the state is subject to the law. This is the direction that Marocco has chosen in order to make of the law the supreme point of reference. Morocco therefore continues to change its constitutional system through many mechanisms which reflect the rise of modern democracy

What is the effect of revolutions on legal systems? What is the role of constitutions in legitimating regimes? How do constitutions and revolutions converge or clash? Taking the Arab Spring as its case study, this book explores the role of law and constitutions during societal upheavals, and critically evaluates the different trajectories they could follow in a revolutionary setting. The book urges a rethinking of major categories in political, legal, and constitutional theory in light of the Arab Spring. The book is a novel and comprehensive examination of the constitutional order that preceded and followed the Arab Spring in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco, Jordan, Algeria, Oman, and Bahrain. It also provides the first thorough discussion of the trials of former regime officials in Egypt and Tunisia. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, including an in-depth analysis of recent court rulings in several Arab countries, the book illustrates the contradictory roles of law and constitutions. The book also contrasts the Arab Spring with other revolutionary situations and demonstrates how the Arab Spring provides a laboratory for examining scholarly ideas about revolutions, legitimacy, legality, continuity, popular sovereignty, and constituent power.