Journal articles on the topic 'More Electric Engine'
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Zakrullayevna, Zakirova Irodaxon. "ELECTRIC DOWNLOAD DIAGRAMS AND SELECTION OF ELECTRIC ENGINE POWER." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-04-08.
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In this article, any electrical circuit consists of one or more sources and consumers of electrical energy connected by interconnected wires and is therefore called an electrical circuit, which generates an electric current and ensures its flow They are selected out of power kekb, which is said to be a set of devices that form a closed path.
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Steimes, J., and P. Hendrick. "Dimensional analysis of an integrated pump and de-aerator solution in more electric aero engine oil systems." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1240 (May 11, 2017): 803–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.28.
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ABSTRACTAero-engine oil systems need to pump and de-aerate air-oil flows. Engine sub-components performing these tasks are undergoing important changes due to the development of more-electric engines. A new integrated pump and separation system that can be electrically entrained was developed and characterised experimentally to reduce footprint on the engine and increase reliability and performance. This prototype combines the pumping, de-aeration and de-oiling function of the scavenge part of oil systems. Previous works have failed to address in-flight performance of the prototype. To address this need, a dimensional analysis of the Pump and Separation System that allows in-flight performance prediction is proposed in this paper. This model is used to assess different prototype sizes and the influence of a more-electric engine. This analysis illustrates that by switching to an electric entrainment, the footprint of the Pump and Separation system on the engine is reduced by 34%, and de-aeration performances are improved by 55% at maximum take-off and 17% in cruise phase. This study opens the way for a more accurate design of the prototypes based on engine requirements.
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Xiao, Lingfei, Robert R. Sattarov, Peisong Liu, and Cong Lin. "Intelligent Fault-Tolerant Control for AC/DC Hybrid Power System of More Electric Aircraft." Aerospace 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9010004.
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This paper presents a novel intelligent fault-tolerant control method for a kind of more electric aircraft AC/DC hybrid electrical power system, in order to ensure the safe operation of the engine and improve the power supply quality. The more electric aircraft electrical power system was combined with an aircraft engine, two generators, two AC/DC rectifiers, two DC/AC inverters, DC loads, and AC loads. A multi-objective optimization intelligent sliding mode fault-tolerant controller was obtained for aircraft engine with actuator faults. Each of AC/DC rectifiers is 12-pulse autotransformer rectifier unit with active power filter. Active power filter was used to realize the desired performance of DC bus. Intelligent fractional order PI controller is presented for AC/DC rectifier by considering multiple performance indexes. In order to guarantee the AC-side has satisfying voltage, current, and frequency, no matter the sudden change of AC load that happens or DC/AC fault that occurs, the virtual synchronous generator control method was used for DC/AC inverters. Simulation results verify the effective of the proposed more electric aircraft AC/DC hybrid electrical power system.
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Jamil, Mohd Khairuladha, Mohd Ezwani Kadir, Mohamad Zikri Zainol, Abu Hanifah Abdullah, and Abu Zaid Bakar. "Preliminary Development of Electric Motorcycle Engine for Sport Aviation Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.250.
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Flying activities of sport aviation vehicles normally use Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) for their powerplant, which emits Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and also produces noise. Environmental issues regarding harmful gas emission and noise may restrict the sport aviation activities and resulting in reduction of interest in flying as a sport activity. The feasible solution for this issue is by replacing the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) with Electric Engines on all sport flying vehicles. The Modenas CTric Electric Engines was tested to measure the parameters required by comparable Internal Combustion Engine used by sport aviation flyers. Other parameters; engine endurance, temperature and performance, were also tested. The bench test was conducted using specially design test rig. The results show that there is a possibility for the Modenas CTric Motorcycles Electric Engine used as an alternate source of powerplant for paramotors and microlight aircraft. However, there is penalty on the vehicle payloads due to weight of the battery. Lighter battery technology integration is to be developed to reduce the weight of the flight vehicles. This study serves as a platform for further work in electric engine technology for commercial aircraft application. Availability of green engine (no emission and noise output) will generate more interest in sport aviation activities and prepare for the future commercial Electric Engine aircraft application.
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Geiß, Ingmar, and Rudolf Voit-Nitschmann. "Sizing of fuel-based energy systems for electric aircraft." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 12 (August 4, 2017): 2295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017721254.
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Optimized electric motors are lighter and smaller than conventional piston engines. As a result, new airplane configurations are feasible as motors can be placed in unconventional positions. Through careful aircraft design higher aerodynamic efficiencies of airframe, propeller, and propeller integration can be achieved. The energy density of current batteries, however, still limits strongly the range of purely battery powered aircraft. But if the energy is stored in liquid fuel and converted by a generator into electric energy, then the advantages of electric propelled airplanes and conventional combustion engines can be combined. But which combustion engine is optimal for such a serial-hybrid electric aircraft? In this new propulsion chain, other boundary conditions apply to the combustion engine than in conventional aircraft designs. These boundary conditions interact with the characteristics of combustion engines. An example for an engine characteristic is that different kinds of piston engines exist. It can be observed that technologies, which result in lighter piston engines, are associated with lower efficiencies and vice versa. In this paper it will be shown through considerations on aircraft level, that the optimal combustion engine for an electric-hybrid airplane should be heavier and more efficient than the optimal combustion engine for a conventional aircraft.
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Hanan, Ahmad, Tariq Feroze, Awais Arif, Hasan Iftikhar, Afzaal A. Khan, and Sarmad Javaid. "Performance Evaluation of a Single Cylinder Compressed Air Engine: An Experimental Study." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 16, no. 2 (March 24, 2022): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2022-0015.
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Abstract The quest to reduce dangerous environmental emissions has led to the research and use of alternate and renewable energy sources. One of the major contributors to the dangerous environmental emissions is the automotive industry. The world is, therefore, quickly moving towards hybrid and electric vehicles. An alternate pollution-free automotive engine is a compressed-air engine, which is powered by compressed air and is more efficient than the electric engine since it requires less charging time than a traditional battery-operated engine. Furthermore, the tanks used in compressed-air engines have a longer lifespan in comparison to the batteries used in electric vehicles. However, extensive research is required to make this engine viable for commercial use. The current study is a step forward in this direction and shows the performance analysis of a single-cylinder compressed-air engine, developed from a four-stroke, single-cylinder, 70 cc gasoline engine. The results show that compressed-air engines are economic, environmental friendly and efficient.
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Enalou, Hossein Balaghi, Xiaoyu Lang, Mohamed Rashed, and Serhiy Bozhko. "Time-Scaled Emulation of Electric Power Transfer in the More Electric Engine." IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 6, no. 4 (December 2020): 1679–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tte.2020.2999400.
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Mazumder, Atanu, Asif Hasan, Arafat Hossain Ayon, and Dewan Hasan Ahmed. "Energy Recovery from Exhaust Gas of Diesel and Petrol Engine by Turbo-electric Generator." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 2 (July 20, 2022): 9823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.16.0758.
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A turbo-electric generator has been placed on the exhaust port of the petrol and diesel engines to investigate the possibility of recovering energy from the exhaust gas. Turbo-electric generator is a combination of a turbocharger and a generator. The aim of the study is to find the possibility and effectiveness of the turbo-electric generator for recovering the energy from the exhaust gas of an engine. The test has been conducted on the two engines, i.e. first one is TD 202 small test engine bed (diesel engine) and another one is Honda CG125 cc (petrol engine) motorcycle. Two types of motor i.e. DC motor and AC motor have been used as generators by altering the way a motor works. Firstly, a DC motor is used as a generator in the turbo-electric generator for both test engines. The results show that turbo-electric generator recover less than 1% energy of the exhaust gas for both engines when a DC motor is used as a generator (TD 202 and Honda CG125 cc motorcycle). But in case of Honda CG125 cc motorcycle, the percentage of recovering energy is comparatively higher than the TD 202 test engine. The experiment is further extended by using an AC motor as a generator only for the Honda CG125 cc motorcycle. The results show better energy recovering from exhaust gas through turbo-electric generator, which is more than 1% of exhaust gas. The results reveal that the engine speed and the mass flow rate of the exhaust gas play a major role in harvesting the energy from the exhaust gas. Moreover, it is found that the turbo-electric generator module provides good efficiency when an AC motor is used as a generator in the module. The experimental results have been compared with available literature.
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Vasiliev, Igor, Boris Kiforenko, and Yaroslav Tkachenko. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CONSTANT POWER THROTTLED ROCKET ENGINES FOR INTERORBITAL FLIGHTS TO GEOSTATIONAR." Journal of Automation and Information sciences 6 (November 1, 2021): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/1028-0979-2021-6-7.
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Carrying out low-thrust transfers of spacecrafts in the near-earth space from intermediate elliptic to the geostationary orbit using electric rocket engines seems to be one of the most important tasks of modern cosmonautics. Electric rocket engines, whose specific impulse of the reactive jet is an order of magnitude more than in chemical RD, are preferable for interorbit flights with a maximum payload in the case when a significant increase in the duration of the maneuver is permissible. Ability to throttling the rocket engine thrust is traditionally considered as one of the ways to reduce both the engine mass and the required fuel assumptions for performing the specified maneuver. Using the concept of an ideal-rocket engine provides the upper estimates of the payload mass of interborbital flights for the given power level. Accounting for the properties of real engines leads to the need of considering the mathematical models with more strict limits on control functions. A study of the efficiency of three modes of thrust control of an electric propulsion rocket engine was carried out when performing practically interesting spacecraft flights from highly elliptical intermediate near-earth orbits to geostationary orbits. A mathematical model of constant power relay rocket engine has been built. The formulation of the variational problem of the Maer type is given about the execution of a given dynamic maneuver for the throttled and unregulated electric rocket engines of constant power. Using the Pontryagin maximum principle, an analysis of the optimal control functions was carried out, for which the final relations were written out, which allowed to write down the system of differential equations of the optimal movement of the spacecraft, equipped with relay electric rocket engine. The obtained numerical and quality results of the study of the effectiveness of various modes of thrust control of an electric propulsion engine to increase the payload of a given orbital maneuver confirmed the correctness of mathematical models of throttled and relay engines and, in general, the efficiency of using solutions of the averaged equations of optimal motion of a spacecraft for numerical solution of the corresponding boundary value problems in an exact formulation.
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Popov, Viktor, Sergiy Yepifanov, Yevhenii Kononykhyn, and Aleksandr Tsaglov. "Architecture of Distributed Control System for Gearbox-Free More Electric Turbofan Engine." Aerospace 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8110316.
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This article presents the development of the electric turbofan engine in distributed architecture with a design thrust in the range of 3 to 7.5 and from 7.5 to 30 kN for small and medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicles. The engine subsystems are considered as separate smart modules with a built-in control system, exchanging data via a digital channel with the central engine control and diagnostics unit. The key smart engine units are combined in the following subsystems: starter and turbine generators, oil pumps, actuator of guide vanes, fuel pumps, fuel metering unit, control and diagnostic unit. All pumps and guide vane actuator are electrically driven. Control and monitoring signals are transmitted via a digital bus. Functional and reliability analysis and the technical configuration design of each subsystem are presented. Based on analysis of the architecture of distributed control systems for a gearbox-free electric engine, different configurations of described subsystems are proposed.
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Azin, A. V., S. A. Kuznetsov, S. A. Ponomarev, S. V. Ponomarev, and S. V. Rikkonen. "Simulation of contact interaction of piezoelectric engine elements." Spacecrafts & Technologies 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/2618-7957-2019-4-222-229.
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In the article the results of a new type of piezo-electric step-engine research are presented. The original construct of piezo-electric step-engine is contained in special engineering lever called grab device that can organize back and forward rod’s motion with only one piezo element activity. To choose the effective process of piezo-electric step-engine work the mathematical model was created. This mathematical model describes inner piezo-electric step-engine process with features of contact and electroelastic deformation. Using the ANSYS application package, а finite element model of the piezo-electric step-engine has been developed. This finite element model allows estimate the stress-strain state of structural elements of the piezo-electric step-engine and determine the effective step-by-step operation mode of the piezo-electric step-engine. Using the finite element model, the influence of the piezo-electric step-engine operating mode parameters on the amount of displacement of the rod is studied. According to results of experimental studies, the proposed numerical model allows to simulate the dynamic process of step-operation of a piezo-electric step-engine with an error of no more than 6 %. This finite element model include the external load on piezo-electric step-engine and can be used to design piezo-electric step-engine of various fields of application.
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Bonab, Ramin Solouki, and Rahman Saidur. "Clean Automotive Technology: Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles (HHVs)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.12.
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In order to reducing emission of internal combustion engines and reducing fuel consumption nowadays, human try to discover efficient internal combustion engines and green engines to protect environment. From last years, there were technologies like turbocharger, hybrid electric and different ways of fuel injection into engine and some others that those were effective in that time. By developing technology human need more efficient engine than past. Also, those technologies have some drawbacks so necessity of new technology is sensible. The new technology that developed by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). HHVs are hybrid vehicle that use pressurized fluid instead of electric power as alternative power source along with internal combustion engine. Hybrid hydraulic vehicles consist of two important part high pressure hydraulic fluid vessels called accumulators, and hydraulic drive pump/motors. These types of vehicles do not need batteries that use in electric vehicle and it is one of expensive part of HEVs.
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Jones, R. I. "Considerations of the All Electric (Accessory) Engine Concept." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 209, no. 4 (December 1995): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_301_02.
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The concept of the all electric (accessory) engine (AEE) involves the use of an electrical machine integrated on an engine main shaft acting as a starter generator, providing power to both engine and airframe systems. Through removal of the various constraints caused by the present mechanical accessory drives, this concept apparently provides a number of advantages. However, the concept of an AEE has been around for some years and yet has not been adopted to-date. A brief review of electrical machine types previously considered as internally mounted starter/generators highlights basic problems of the concept. The reasons for favouring the Switched Reluctance Machine for this application are then explained and some present and planned developments on this basis outlined. An approximate sizing of starter/generators to replace shaft off-takes alone and bleed in additions in a civil turbofan application is presented, showing more detailed design considerations. Other system component aspects and concerns are also covered before addressing the effects on the ease of adopting the AEE concept of likely future changes to civil engines. Major differences relative to the civil case are indicated for other engine type applications. Conclusions are then drawn on the likely future of the AEE concept.
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Lisovin, Igor Georgievich, Flyur Rashitovich Ismagilov, Razmik Gevorgovich Dadoyan, Egor Andreevich Pronin, and Vyacheslav Evgenievich Vavilov. "REVIEW OF RELATED TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES IN MORE ELECTRIC ENGINE." Проблемы машиностроения и автоматизации, no. 4 (2022): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52261/02346206_2022_4_57.
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Mohd Noor, Alias, Rosnizam Che Puteh, Srithar Rajoo, Uday M. Basheer, Muhammad Hanafi Md Sah, and Sheikh Hussain Shaikh Salleh. "Simulation Study on Electric Turbo-Compound (ETC) for Thermal Energy Recovery in Turbocharged Internal Combustion Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.895.
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Exhaust gas heat utilization in the form of Thermal Energy Recovery (TER) has attracted a major interest due to its potentials with Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). Recovering useful energy, for example in the form of electrical power from the engine exhaust waste heat could benefit in the form of direct fuel economy or increase in the available electric power for the auxillary systems. The methodology in this paper includes the assessment of each waste heat recovery technology based on the current research and development trends for automotive application. It also looked into the potential for energy recovery, performances of each technology and factors affecting its implementation. Finally, the work presents an Electric Turbo Compounding (ETC) simulation using a Ford Eco-Boost as a baseline engine modeled with the 1-Dimensional AVL Boost software. A validated 1-D engine model was used to investigate the impact on the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) at full load. This paper presents some reviews on the turbo-compounding method and also the modelling efforts and results of an electric turbo-compounding system. Modelling shows that the turbo-compounding setup can be more beneficial than turbo-charging alone.
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Henzel, Maciej, Krzysztof Falkowski, and Aleksander Olejnik. "The analysis of “more electric engine” technology to improve the environmental performance of aircraft jet engine." E3S Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 00029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184600029.
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In aviation, there is now a dynamic development of aircraft equipment related to the implementation of “more electric aircraft” technology. This concept offers the ability to improve the use of on-board systems, e.g. environmental operating conditions of aircraft jet engine. This technology is named “more electric engine”. It allows the use of magnetic levitation technology at engine turbine shaft bearing. The development of this technology relates to the dynamic change of electronic power systems for civilian transport aircraft, the use of adaptive control methods and new materials in aviation technology. All technologies are improved the environmental operating conditions of the on-board system, e.g. operational flexibility, technological potential growth. [1] In the paper will be presented the TS-21 aircraft jet engine. This engine is modernized in the Jet Engine Laboratory of the Military University of Technology. The paper is presented a digital engine control system, the operating parameters acquisition system and magnetic bearing system. It is described the concept of active magnetic suspension of the turbine engine shaft support. The magnetic suspension technology allows eliminate mechanical bearing arrangements with an oil installation, friction forces and classical, mechanical bearings. The paper contains the simulation and experimental results of a modernized jet engine TS-21.
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Yang, Yuanchao, Hao Li, and Chen Yu. "Energy Optimization Analysis of Turbofan Engine for More-Electric Civil Aircraft." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 34008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961961.
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Lisovin, I. G., F. R. Ismagilov, V. E. Vavilov, R. G. Dadoyan, and E. A. Pronin. "A Review of Critical Technologies for Making a More Electric Engine." Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability 51, S1 (December 2022): S132—S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1052618822090205.
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Fletcher, Steven David Angus, Patrick Norman, Stuart Galloway, and Graeme Burt. "Impact of Engine Certification Standards on the Design Requirements of More-Electric Engine Electrical System Architectures." SAE International Journal of Aerospace 7, no. 1 (September 16, 2014): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2119.
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WON, Hyun Woo. "A Method and System for Combining the Advantages of Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Engine Technologies into Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 24, 2021): 9934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219934.
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By combining a clean fuel such as gasoline with a high efficiency thermodynamic cycle (compression ignition), it is possible to demonstrate a powertrain that is clean and efficient, thus breaking the historical trade-off between decreasing CO2 and reducing criteria pollutants. The gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine is a promising technology that can be used to improve thermal efficiency while reducing emissions. Its low temperature combustion does however lead to several problems that need to be overcome. The present study relates to a method and system for combining the advantages of GCI engine technology into a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to maximize the benefits. A plausible path is to operate the GCI engine at conditions where the benefits of a GCI engine could be maximized and where an electric motor can supplement the conditions where the GCI is less beneficial. In this study, GCI engines with different cetane number (CN) fuels were selected, and a hybrid simulation tool was used to address the potential of the GCI engines into hybrid electric vehicles. Co-developments can demonstrate efficiency and emission solutions through the achievements of the study, which will address examples of the competitive powertrain and will introduce more than 30% of CO2 reduction vehicle by 2030.
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Ahmedi, Ranaji Arib Hafiz Ayyub Akbar. "Forced Induction Technologies in an IC Engine: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 25, 2021): 2766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35582.
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This study has been undertaken to show the performance enhancement of engines using different Forced induction technologies. Forced induction technology like turbocharging and supercharging can enhance the performance of an internal combustion engine by compressing inlet air charge, allowing full engine power to be produced efficiently. As the fuel economy and greenhouse emission standards are projected to be far more stringent globally, the use of a Forced induction engine in passenger cars and light-duty trucks has become an inevitable trend within the automotive industry. A turbocharger system can effectively improve the power and torque of an engine, but turbo hysteresis exists. A mechanical supercharging system can boost at low speed, but the efficiency is lower. An electric supercharger can effectively improve the intake air at the early stage of accelerated working conditions, however, an electric supercharger will consume the engine power. The addition of Forced induction technologies to an IC engine helps with the scope of downsizing it. This review brings forward all the aspects of Forced induction technologies
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Gunawan, Safri. "Perbandingan Kinerja Mesin Sistem Konvensional dan Injeksi Menggunakan Generator sebagai Dinamometer." RODA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Otomotif 1, no. 2 (September 24, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/roda.v1i2.28124.
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This research was conducted to obtain a comparison performance of conventional engines and electronic fuel injection (EFI). The purpose of this study was to compare fuel consumption, torque, and engine power between conventional engine systems (carburettor) and EFI systems. The method used in this research is to make testbeds. The research data produced include electric voltage, electric current, engine speed (rpm), and fuel consumption (mƖ). The machine loading test is carried out in stages every 60 seconds up to eleven times with a test load of 400 watts and the total test load is 4400watt. Based on the research that has been done, the fuel consumption of the conventional engine system is more wasteful when compared to the EFI system. The resulting engine power and torque explains that the conventional system is lower than the EFI system, this is because the combustion process in the EFI system is close to stoichiometric combustion. The conclusion of this study shows that the EFI system is better than the conventional system.
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Hirst, M., A. McLoughlin, P. J. Norman, and S. J. Galloway. "Demonstrating the more electric engine: a step towards the power optimised aircraft." IET Electric Power Applications 5, no. 1 (2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2009.0285.
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Lin, Yide. "The Development and Challenges of More Electric Aircraft." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (December 27, 2022): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3850.
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The development of electrical and electronic engineering makes the replacement of conventional hydraulic, mechanic, and pneumatic system into electrical system become much more possible. That means the secondary power of aircraft will be dominated by electricity, rather than hydraulic oil or bleed air from the engine. The Boeing 787 and Airbus A380 has applied these technologies significantly and their fuel consumption and noise level during flight are also get improved by comparison with their counterpart which has traditional hydraulic and pneumatic system. On the other side, the mass application of electrical driven components on board will lead to various new challenges to aircraft design when concerning the weight and flight safety due to the characteristics of those components. In this paper, technologies implemented, and challenges will be introduced through reviewing literatures. The benefit and drawbacks will be concluded by comparing electrical and hydraulic and pneumatic system.
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Ganji, A. R. "Environmental and Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Residential Gas and Heat Pump Heating." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 115, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906431.
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Energy efficiency and source air pollutant emission factors of gas heaters, gas engine heat pumps, and electric heat pumps for domestic heating have been evaluated and compared. The analysis shows that with the present state of technology, gas engine heat pumps have the highest energy efficiency followed by electric heat pumps and then gas heaters. Electric heat pumps produce more than twice as much NOx, and comparable CO2 and CO per unit of useful heating energy compared to natural gas heaters. CO production per unit of useful heating energy from gas engine heat pumps without any emission control is substantially higher than electric heat pumps and natural gas heaters. NOx production per unit of useful heating energy from natural gas engine heat pumps (using lean burn technology) without any emission control is about the same as effective NOx production from electric heat pumps. Gas engine heat pumps produce about one-half CO2 compared to electric heat pumps.
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Sun, Xiaozhe, Xingjian Wang, Zhiyuan Zhou, and Zhihan Zhou. "Active Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy for More Electric Aircraft under Actuation System Failure." Actuators 9, no. 4 (November 27, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act9040122.
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The aircraft hydraulic system is very important for the actuation system and its failure has led to a number of catastrophic accidents in the past few years. The reasons for hydraulic loss can be leakage, blockage, and structural damage. Fortunately, the development of more electric aircraft (MEA) provides a new means of solving this difficult problem. This paper designs an active fault tolerant control (AFTC) method for MEA suffering from total hydraulic loss and actuation system failure. Two different kinds of scenarios are considered: leakage/blockage and vertical tail damage. With the application of the dissimilar redundant actuation system (DRAS) in MEA, a switching mechanism can be used to change the hydraulic actuation (HA) system into an electro-hydrostatic actuation (EHA) system when the whole hydraulic system fails. Taking account of the gap between HA and EHA, a degraded model is built. As for vertical tail damage, engine differential thrust control is adopted to help regain lateral-directional stability. The engine thrust dynamics are modeled and the mapping relationship between engine differential thrust and rudder deflection is formulated. Moreover, model reference control (MRC) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) are used to design the AFTC method. Comparative simulation with the NASA generic transportation model (GTM) is carried out to prove the proposed strategy.
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Yando, Markus, Amiruddin Amiruddin, Bambang Wahyudi, and Ryan Pengestu N. "ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN GENERATOR DUAL FUEL DIESEL ELECTRIC (DFDE) 12V50DF SUDDEN TRIP." Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management 2, no. 4 (July 27, 2021): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v2i4.908.
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In the 20th century, the growth of marine transportation has grown rapidly in line with technological advances. Given that the marine transportation sector is one of the pollutants that exist today, the use of energy sources with better thermal efficiency and combustion that does not have a negative impact on the environment is needed in the modern era. In accordance with the regulations stipulated by IMO in the Marine Polution (Marpol) Annex VI Regulation 14 which regulates the prohibition of ships from using fuels with sulfur content higher than 0.5%. The need for alternative fuels in the shipping industry is an important thought to support the efficiency of the shipping industry. Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) is currently being developed by the government as a fuel for vehicles and environmentally friendly industries. In addition to its availability, natural gas is also considered effective for combustion. Methane / LNG gas is one of the most dominant alternative fuels at this time. This fuel can also save company expenses, namely reducing the cost of providing fuel for energy needs as a source of propulsion on board the ship. For the above, ships, especially LNG carriers, have used a lot of diesel engines to propel their ships using LNG fuel with the concept of the engine being Two Fuel Diesel Electric (DFDE) where the engine can use Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) and LNG. The DFDE engine drives the Generator and the Generator generates electricity to drive the Electric Motor and the Electric motor moves the propeller shaft, this DFDE engine in the future will replace conventional diesel engines because it is more cost efficient, but requires Engineers who understand DFDE engine technology.
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Thompson, G. J., C. M. Atkinson, N. N. Clark, T. W. Long, and E. Hanzevack. "Technical Note: Neural network modelling of the emissions and performance of a heavy-duty diesel engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 214, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440700021400201.
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Internal combustion engines are being required to comply with increasingly stringent government exhaust emissions regulations. Compression ignition (CI) piston engines will continue to be used in cost-sensitive fuel applications such as in heavy-duty buses and trucks, power generation, locomotives and off-highway applications, and will find application in hybrid electric vehicles. Close control of combustion in these engines will be essential to achieve ever-increasing efficiency improvements while meeting increasingly stringent emissions standards. The engines of the future will require significantly more complex control than existing map-based control strategies, having many more degrees of freedom than those of today. Neural network (NN)-based engine modelling offers the potential for a multidimensional, adaptive, learning control system that does not require knowledge of the governing equations for engine performance or the combustion kinetics of emissions formation that a conventional map-based engine model requires. The application of a neural network to model the output torque and exhaust emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine (Navistar T444E) is shown to be able to predict the continuous torque and exhaust emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine for the Federal heavy-duty engine transient test procedure (FTP) cycle and two random cycles to within 5 per cent of their measured values after only 100 min of transient dynamometer training. Applications of such a neural net model include emissions virtual sensing, on-board diagnostics (OBD) and engine control strategy optimization.
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Pham, Van Chien, Hanseok Kim, Jae-Hyuk Choi, Antony J. Nyongesa, Jongsu Kim, Hyeonmin Jeon, and Won-Ju Lee. "Effectiveness of the Speed Reduction Strategy on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Oil Consumption of a Marine Generator Engine for DC Grid Ships." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070979.
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Recent developments in power electronics, energy storage systems, and renewable energy; increased market demands for more efficient and cleaner electric power to meet stricter environmental regulations; and development in gigawatt (GW)-class DC (direct current) transmission systems for transmission of greater power over longer distances than similar alternative current (AC) systems, have supported the development of the DC grid, making it a promising solution for both the onshore and offshore industries. This paper presents an experimental study on the effectiveness of an engine speed reduction strategy on exhaust gas emission and fuel consumption when applied to a 4-stroke generator engine equipped with a cam-driven plunger diesel injection system. The experiments were performed on an 8-cylinder V-type 4-stroke generator engine installed in the MASTC laboratory, which is the only demonstration testbed for the ship’s electric propulsion system in Korea. Experimental results showed that fuel consumption decreased, but emission mass fraction in exhaust gas increased when maintaining engine power while reducing engine speed. This study has shown economic benefits in reducing fuel consumption, but incurred penalties for the emission performance of 4-stroke generator engines equipped with cam-driven plunger diesel injection systems when applying the engine speed reduction strategy.
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Lal, A. G., and M. S. Shelestov. "ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SUPERCHARGING SYSTEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF APPLICATION OF ELECTRIC DRIVE IN SUPERCHARGING UNITS." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 1 (September 7, 2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.1.03.
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The article analyzes modern solutions for increasing engine power by improving the air supply system. Single-stage and multi-stage pressurization schemes with gas, mechanical and combined connection in several variations are considered, their positive and negative sides for modern mechanical engineering are revealed.
The simplest and most common is the turbocharging system, in which the turbine rotates only under the exhaust gases and this drives the compressor. Consideration should be given to the features of the working process of two-stroke diesel engines. At low speeds, there is not enough energy from the exhaust gases to drive the turbocharger. The second option is schemes in which the turbine and compressor shafts are connected to the engine shaft using a mechanical transmission. Another scheme is also possible in which the compressor and turbine can be separately connected to the crankshaft. Such solutions ensure synchronous operation of the compressor and reciprocating engine in all modes, improve the gas exchange process, improve performance in transient conditions and improve starting properties. One successful solution for two-stroke diesel engines is the development of a combined supercharging system with an intercooler, which are already considered multi-stage systems. They are generally divided into two schemes, in the first scheme the drive compressor is a high pressure degree, and the turbocharger is low pressure, the second scheme is vice versa. It is the first option that is more often used for two-stroke diesel engines, since the power consumption for driving the compressor is less, which causes a slightly higher engine efficiency. Injectivity is close to engines with conventional gas turbine supercharging.
Over the past 7 years, the approach to improving the pressurization system has undergone some changes, Electric Boosting Systems for civilian vehicles have appeared. One of the first companies were Audi, Daimler, Land Rover, which began to equip their vehicles with electric supercharging. Currently, such large companies as BorgWarner and Garrett can be considered ambassadors of this technology. For example, AMG, together with Garrett, developed and introduced serial electric turbocharging. The problem of using an electric drive in boost systems has been lately gaining more publicity, it is already possible to conclude that there is great potential and the possibility of using such developments for domestic two-stroke diesel engines.
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Ebus, Tobias, Markus Dietz, and Andreas Hupfer. "Experimental and numerical studies on small contra-rotating electrical ducted fan engines." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 12, no. 3 (May 29, 2021): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-021-00517-7.
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AbstractElectrical propulsion has been identified as one of the key fields of future research within the aerospace sector. The Institute of Aeronautical Engineering at the Universität der Bundeswehr München aims to contribute to the ongoing development of small-sized electrical ducted fan engines with a thrust in the range of 100 N. A special emphasis is placed on electrically powered contra-rotating fan stages. When compared to a conventional rotor–stator stage, contra-rotating fan stages allow for a more compact design, considering a given pressure ratio, or an increased pressure ratio at a constant fan diameter. Since numerous new aircraft concepts are presently being developed, a high demand for compact and powerful electrically driven engines arises. Electrically driven contra-rotating fan engines provide a high potential in terms of compactness, emissions and efficiency. Using electric motors offers the ability to overcome common issues, such as design and integration of a contra-rotating stage into a gas turbine. An innovative new engine design featuring such a contra-rotating stage is developed and tested at one of the Institute’s test benches for electrical propulsion. Key components are two brushless motors powering the fan stage, one for each rotor. Various operation points are investigated experimentally during an extensive test campaign. Experimental results are compared to results of numerical simulations computed by ANSYS CFX. Results indicate a good agreement between experiment and simulation. The engine is running very smooth throughout all tested operation points. Yet, intensive heating up of the electric motors and high-temperature zone are found to be an issue at higher rotation speeds.
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Hooper, Peter R. "Investigation into a stepped-piston engine solution for automotive range-extender vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to meet future green transportation objectives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 3 (May 30, 2017): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017698304.
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Securing the objectives for future high-efficiency low-carbon-dioxide vehicles is a key target for automotive manufacturers. This paper considers a high-durability two-stroke cycle engine in terms of performance and computational modelling of the emissions characteristics for automotive range-extender or hybrid electric vehicle power plant application. The engine uses novel segregated pump charging via the application of stepped pistons, and a comparison of the engine characteristics is made with those of a comparable four-stroke cycle engine of similar expected power output (more than 60 kW/l). In the interests of cost minimisation, both engines are limited to parallel two-cylinder in-line configurations with the intention of still being able to achieve acceptably low noise, vibration and harshness characteristics. In order to achieve low engine exhaust emissions, computational modelling of direct injection is considered for the stepped-piston engine. A significant reduction in the nitrogen oxide emissions of between 31% and 55% is observed.
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Shavkun, Vyacheslav, Tatyana Pavlenko, and Olha Kozlova. "DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHMIC MODELS FOR RESEARCH OF RELIABILITY PARAMETERS OF TROLLEYBUS TRACTION ELECTRIC MOTORS IN THE OPERATION PROCESS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 2 (March 31, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001174.
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The analysis of the reliability parameters of traction engines during the operation of trolleybuses in different modes is done. The presented groups of operational factors are lead to the emergence of censored samples. The methods of express analysis of engine reliability using technical diagnostic tools are determined. A block diagram of an algorithmic model for studying the reliability parameters of traction electric motors of trolleybuses during operation has been developed. It allows at any time to evaluate the influence of operational factors on the reliability indicators of traction electric engines and to more clearly and reasonably assign organizational, technical and preventive measures. It has been established that the effective and reliable operation of urban electric transport, in particular trolleybuses, depends on the reliability of individual components and assemblies of rolling stock, as well as on the quality and timely control of their parameters during operation. In practice, it has been proved that failure of traction electric motors (TEM) of trolleybuses leads to significant material losses at electric transport enterprises. And one of the main parameters of reliability of traction electric motors of trolleybuses is the reliability of operation during operation. Based on the research results, practical recommendations are developed on the rational choice of diagnostic parameters. Their implementation at electric transport enterprises will increase the reliability of traction electric motors as a whole up to 10 %. The developed methodology allows the study (assessment) of the reliability parameters of any type of traction engine of a trolley during operation
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Powell, D. J., G. W. Jewell, D. Howe, and K. Atallah. "Rotor topologies for a switched-reluctance machine for the ‘more-electric’ aircraft engine." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 150, no. 3 (2003): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20030121.
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Fu, Shijun, and Hongji Fu. "A method to predict electric vehicles’ market penetration as well as its impact on energy saving and CO2 mitigation." Science Progress 104, no. 3 (July 2021): 003685042110402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211040286.
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Introduction: Although forecasting electric vehicles’ growth in China was frequently reported in the literature, predicting electric vehicles market penetration as well as corresponding energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential in a more suitable method is not well understood. Methods: This study chose the double species model to predict electric vehicles’ growth trajectory under mutually competitive conditions between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. For comparison, it set two scenarios: with 200 and 300 vehicles per thousand persons at 2050. To give details on energy saving and carbon dioxide mitigation potential induced by electric vehicles’ market penetration, it further divided electric vehicles into five subgroups and internal combustion engine vehicles into seven subgroups, therein forming respective measurement formulas. Results: This paper solved the double species model and thus got its analytical formula. Then it employed the analytical formula to conduct an empirical study on electric vehicles market penetration in China from year 2010 to 2050. Under scenario 300, electric vehicles growth trajectory will emerge a quick growth stage during 2021–2035, thereafter keeping near invariant till 2050. Meanwhile, current internal combustion engine vehicles’ quick growth will continue up to 2027, then holding constant during 2028–2040, afterwards following a 10-year slowdown period. Scenario 200 has similar features, but a 2-year delay for electric vehicles and a 5-year lead time for internal combustion engine vehicles were found. On average, scenario 300 will save 114.4 Mt oil and 111.5 Mt carbon dioxide emissions, and scenario 200 will save 77.1 Mt oil and 73.4 Mt carbon dioxide emissions each year. Beyond 2032, annual 50.0% of road transport consumed oil and 18.6% of carbon dioxide emissions from this sector will be saved under scenario 300. Discussion: Compared with scenario 200, scenario 300 was more suitable to predict electric vehicle market penetration in China. In the short-term electric vehicle penetration only brings about trivial effects, while in the long-term it will contribute a lot to both energy security and carbon dioxide mitigation. The contribution of this article provided a more suitable methodology for predicting electric vehicle market penetration, simulated two coupled trajectories of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles, and discussed relative energy-saving and climate effects from 2010 to 2050.
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Yatim, Ardiyansyah, Ade Luthfi, and Raden Chemilo. "Biogas-fuelled Stirling engine for electric power generation." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702015.
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The Stirling engine is an external combustion where the fuel combustion process takes place outside the cylinder. It offers flexibility of fuel used for the power generation, hence is a potential substitute to fossil fuelled internal combustion engine and contribute toward more sustainable power generation. In this study a Gamma V2-6 Stirling engine is used in a biogasfuelled power generation system. The engine has maximum capacity of 10kW. The required fuel input is 60,000BTU/hr or equivalent to 17 kW. The fuel is a biogas which comes from a biodigester. The system requires constant heat from the combustion chamber, hence a novel fuel distribution control is introduced. A specific burner is also designed to fulfil the purpose. In this study, a biogasfueled Stirling engine for electric power generation is designed and developed. The system has 5 kW capacity fuelled by 165 kg/day solid waste (biowaste) from local farm. The biodigester needed is 20 m3. Based on empirical model, the estimated energy efficiency of the system is 36%. In addition, the system offers potential utilization of hot water as by side product.
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Koszalka, Grzegorz, and Paweł Krzaczek. "Energy Losses Related to Ring Pack Wear in Gasoline Car Engine." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249570.
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Decreasing production and rising prices of cars, especially those with electric drive, lead to longer use of cars with internal combustion engines. It can be assumed that in the future, more and more cars powered by such engines with high mileage and therefore high wear will be used. Engine wear leads to reduced efficiency and increased emissions. This paper analyzes the impact of wear of the piston–rings–cylinder system components on energy losses associated with gas leakage from the combustion chamber and friction of the rings against the cylinder liner in a car spark-ignition engine. A ring pack model was used for the analyses. The input data for the simulation were gained in measurements made on the engine test stand and measurements of the wear of the engine components used in the car. The energy losses associated with blow-by in an unworn engine ranged from 1.5% of the indicated work at high load to almost 5% at low load. In the engine after 300,000 km, these losses increased to 2.5% and 7.5%, respectively. Ring friction losses in an unworn engine ranged from 1.5% at high load to 9% at low load. The effect of wear on these losses was smaller. They increased by only 0.1% at high load and 1% at low load.
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POPESCU, Liviu. "ELECTROMOBILITY TOPICS ENTERING A NEW DECADE." "ACTUALITĂŢI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN DOMENIUL MAŞINILOR ELECTRICE (ELECTRIC MACHINES, MATERIALS AND DRIVES - PRESENT AND TRENDS)" 2020, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36801/apme.2020.1.13.
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During the last ten years the electric vehicles became more and more part of the daily mobility. Supported by different policies, but also by the technology advance, the electromobility is far to be an achieved topic and enters a new decade. The hybrid solutions continue to offer an alternative using the combustion engines. Latest researches and developments on fuel cells push to an alternative future, based on hydrogen. The electric batteries, as energy storage on vehicle, remain the most important way to conduct EV to the roads, with regular improvements. In fact, all these technologies are developing solutions to provide and control the energy for an electric motor. The classic solution using one engine and a kinematic chain to distribute the mechanical power to the wheels is completed by the possibility to integrate not only one, but more electric motors in the same vehicle.
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Micha Premkumar, T., and K. Lindsay Shantha Rubia. "Design and Mathematical Modelling of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell used in Automobiles." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012005.
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Abstract The demand for electric vehicles is increasing day-by-day, considering a noise-free, pollution-free, and cost-efficient vehicle. But the fact that Electric Vehicles (EVs) cause less pollution than traditional IC-Engine Vehicles is not completely true, as switching to an electric vehicle produces an equal amount of pollution as in an IC-Engine vehicle. Charging an electric vehicle involves electrical energy from conventional thermal power plants, and Lithium-ion extraction and disposal pollute the air and land, respectively. The Electric Vehicle also has a lower driving range in comparison to the IC-Engine vehicles. Therefore, an alternative for both Electric and IC Engine vehicles that can significantly reduce environmental pollution and provide a better driving range is the need of the hour. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells or Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) will be an ideal solution to increase the driving range of the vehicle and reduce pollution. These fuel cells require hydrogen gas in a compressed state and oxygen from the atmosphere. The main objective of the research is to design and develop a PEM Fuel cell that can be used to achieve zero-emissions in automobiles. In this work, a mathematical model in MATLAB Simulink is used to simulate and test the PEM Fuel cell. The cell parameters, such as stack voltage and current density, are analyzed for various pressures, temperatures and humidification at the anode and cathode. It is observed that the model demonstrated the effect of reducing the relative humidity in both anode and cathode and results in the membrane became dry and highly resistive. So, at higher current density, more voltage drops in the fuel cell stack.
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Золотько, Олександр Євгенович, Олена Василівна Золотько, Олександра Валеріївна Сосновська, Олександр Сергійович Аксьонов, and Ірина Сергіївна Савченко. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОНСТРУКТИВНИХ СХЕМ ДВИГУНІВ З ІМПУЛЬСНИМИ ДЕТОНАЦІЙНИМИ КАМЕРАМИ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.2.01.
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The pressure of the products of chemical reactions in the chamber of a rocket engine increases significantly if the rocket fuel components burn in the detonation mode. In this case, it can get to a simpler and more reliable expulsion propellant feed system instead of a turbopump feed system. The value of heat release power (MW / liter) of detonation engines is several orders of magnitude larger than that of aircraft and rocket engines operating in the Brighton cycle. The high rate of energy released in the detonation mode can significantly reduce the mass, the inertia, and overall dimensions of the propulsion system. Due to these features, detonation chambers are advisable to be used as part of ejector pulsed detonation engines, together with a turbine – in electric power generators of spacecraft, in a hybrid design – together with turbofan or turboprop engines, etc. In the article are considered various design schemes of pulse detonation engines (PDE): single-chamber and multi-chamber pulsed detonation engines; an ejector PDE system; a hybrid PDE and an integrated detonation-turbine unit with a detonation chamber in the form of a spiral and with a multi-chamber detonation device. The possibility of pulsation frequency increase is realized in the multi-chamber pulsed detonation engine, and the possibility of thrust size increase is realized in PDE with ejector. Replacing traditional chambers with detonation chambers in the construction of gas turbine jet engine will allow providing a decrease in propellant flow rate value from 8 % to 10 % on some estimations. In the hybrid detonation propulsion plant advantages inherent to the detonation cycle combine with positive features of a turbo-compressor jet engine. A combination of PDE and turbine allows creating the cogeneration propulsion system in that a turbine is used for the production of electric power, and detonation chamber – for the creation of thrust impulse. Practical realization of hybrid pulse detonation turbo-engine and the integrated detonation-turbine device is possible if two key complex problems will be solved. These problems are the detonation waves weakening on input in a turbine and the bearing and shaft necessary work resource increasing into a detonation pulsating stream
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Schnell, Rainer, Xin Zhao, Efthymios Rallis, Mavroudis Kavvalos, Smruti Sahoo, Markus Schnoes, and Konstantinos Kyprianidis. "Assessment of a Turbo-Electric Aircraft Configuration with Aft-Propulsion Using Boundary Layer Ingestion." Aerospace 6, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6120134.
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In this paper, a turbo-electric propulsion system was analyzed, and its performance was assessed. The aircraft considered here was a single-aisle, medium-range configuration targeting a capacity of 150 Pax. The propulsion concept comprised two boosted geared turbofan engines mounted under-wing. Those main engines were supported by an electrically driven aft-propulsor contributing to the thrust generation and by taking advantage of ingesting the boundary layer of the fuselage for potentially higher levels of propulsive efficiency and allowing for the improved operation of the main engines. The performance assessment as carried out in the context of this paper involved different levels: Firstly, based on the reference aircraft and the detailed description of its major components, the engine performance model for both main engines, as well as for the electrically driven aft-propulsor was set up. The methodology, as introduced, has already been applied in the context of hybrid-electric propulsion and allowed for the aforementioned aircraft sizing, as well as the subsequent gas turbine multi-point synthesis (simulation). A geared turbofan architecture with 2035 technology assumptions was considered for the main engine configuration. The present trade study focused on the design and performance analysis of the aft-propulsor and how it affected the performance of the main engines, due to the electric power generation. In order to allow for a more accurate description of the performance of this particular module, the enhanced streamline curvature method with an underlying and pre-optimized profile database was used to design a propulsor tailored to meet the requirements of the aft propulsor as derived from the cycle synthesis and overall aircraft specification; existing design expertise for novel and highly integrated propulsors could be taken advantage of herein. The resulting performance characteristics from the streamline curvature method were then fed back to the engine performance model in a closely coupled approach in order to have a more accurate description of the module behavior. This direct coupling allowed for enhanced sensitivity studies, monitoring different top-level parameters, such as the thrust/power split between the main engines and the aft propulsor. As a result, different propulsor specifications and fan designs with optimal performance characteristics were achieved, which in return affected the performance of all subsystems considered.
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Rak, A., V. Busher, and O. Glazeva. "FEATURES OF POWER DETERMINATION OF AUXILIARY-EMERGENCY DRIVE MOTION OF A SHIP WITH A COMBINED DIESEL-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT." Electromechanical and energy saving systems 4, no. 52 (December 23, 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2072-2052.2020.4.52.8-16.
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Purpose. The paper compares the traditional method of calculating the parameters of electric motion of ships in auxiliary emergency modes at low speeds of the vessel with another, simplified because it does not require the use of a large number of diagrams to determine the resistance of the vessel. But according to a simplified method for this example – a container ship with a capacity of 16,000 containers with the main engine capacity of 61776 kW, a synchronous machine with a capacity of up to 6 MW in engine mode, and three diesel generators with an electric capacity of 3187 kW – 39 % more power is obtained. Own experience of operation of the vessel in modes with electric movement – loading of diesel generators in this mode on the vessel about 70 % that is received by calculations. Thus, when upgrading the propulsion system or designing new vessels, it is advisable to compare the results of two calculations of the power of diesel generators at the limit of the minimum stable speed of the main engine and choose the larger of the results. Methodology. Comparison of specific and absolute fuel consumption, made on the basis of known approximation polynomials for low- and high-speed types of diesel of the company at auxiliary emergency movement shows that at the movement from high-speed diesel generators MAK8M32S fuel consumption decreases by 24 %, then at the maintenance of the main engine 12 RTflex-96C from WÄRTSILÄ-SULZER. Results. Therefore, the use of electric motion allows you to save engine power of the main engine, reduce fuel consumption. This ratio is observed on most maritime transport vessels. And given that diesel generators operate at almost optimal load, and the main engine – at idle, electric motion provides a significant reduction in harmful emissions into the atmosphere. The latter is also true for a ship where the synchronous engine is located behind the main engine, although fuel consumption, in this case, increases by 32 %. Figures 9, tables 6, references 15.
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Adámek, Mikuláš, and Rastislav Toman. "RANGE EXTENDER ICE MULTI-PARAMETRIC MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION." MECCA Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 18, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mecdc.2021.01.02.
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Range Extended Electric Vehicles (REEV) are still one of the suitable concepts for modern sustainable low emission vehicles. REEV is equipped with a small and lightweight unit, comprised usually of an internal combustion engine with an electric generator, and has thus the technical potential to overcome the main limitations of a pure electric vehicle – range anxiety, overall driving range, heating, and air-conditioning demands – using smaller battery: saving money, and raw materials. Even though several REx ICE concepts were designed in past, most of the available studies lack more complex design and optimization approach, not exploiting the advantageous single point operation of these engines. Resulting engine designs are usually rather conservative, not optimized for the best efficiency. This paper presents a multi-parametric and multi-objective optimization approach, that is applied on a REx ICE. Our optimization toolchain combines a parametric GT-Suite ICE simulation model, modeFRONTIER optimization software with various optimization strategies, and a parametric CAD model, that first provides some simulation model inputs, and second also serves for the final designs’ feasibility check.
The chosen ICE concept is a 90 degrees V-twin engine, four-stroke, spark-ignition, naturally aspirated, port injected, OHV engine. The optimization goal is to find the thermodynamic optima for three different design scenarios of our concept – three different engine displacements – addressing the compactness requirement of a REx ICE. The optimization results show great fuel efficiency potential by applying our optimization methodology, following the general trends in increasing ICE efficiency, and power for a naturally aspirated concept.
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Dąbrowski, Zbigniew, and Maciej Zawisza. "The Choice of Vibroacoustic Signal Measures in Mechanical Fault Diagnosis of Diesel Engines." Solid State Phenomena 236 (July 2015): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.236.220.
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The use of diesel engines as a basic power unit of electric generators in big ship crafts and as a power unit in smaller ship crafts is very common. Low fuel consumption, high resistance to overload and long life span are the basic features which made these engines so commonly used. The development of electronic control of high pressure injection systems of the engine made the service of such an engine not so simple any more. What is more, control systems are directed at reducing fumes toxicity, which does not have to go hand in hand with early detection of engine damages. It happens in the case of a particular group of mechanical damages of the engine, which are undetectable by an onboard diagnostic system in the early stage of the development. The injection system is able to choose regulation parameters in such a way so that the composition of the air fuel mixture is in optimal range, and as a result it hides the information about the damage.This paper presents the results of analysis of the usefulness of the chosen vibroacoustic signal measures in the process of detecting damages of this type.
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De Giorgi, M. G., T. Donateo, A. Ficarella, N. Menga, L. Spada Chiodo, and L. Strafella. "Feed-Forward Neural Network for health monitoring of a parallel hybrid electric power system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012084.
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Abstract Hybrid engines are becoming more and more widespread. Electric energy instead is a valid help to reduce the environmental impact. In hybrid engines, the number of components is higher and this results in a decrease in reliability. With Engine Health Monitoring (EHM) we mean the set of techniques used to monitor the health status of a system based on the values assumed by some related parameters. Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are widely used nowadays in this discipline. In this paper, an EHM approach was developed to monitor the health status of some components constituting an hybrid turboshaft. The dynamic model of the hybrid electric power system is described in an accompanying paper. Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) is used as AI tool to built the just cited system. The engine modelled with Simulink, was used to perform a series of steady-state simulations implementing a degradation condition in some selected components. The degradation condition was simulated by changing the value of the Performance Parameters (PPs) related to each of the selected components. The results of the simulation were used to obtain a dataset useful to train the FFNN to predict the values of the same PPs in a degraded case.
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Tkachenko, Andrey, Evgeny Filinovaroslav Ostapyuk, Viktor Rybakov, and Daria Kolmakova. "Thermodynamic designing of the small-scale gas turbine engine family with common core." MATEC Web of Conferences 220 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822003007.
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The paper describes the method of selecting the working process parameters of a family of small-scale gas turbine engines (GTE) with common core. As an example, the thermodynamic design of a family of small-scale gas turbine engines (SGTE) with common core was carried out. The engine family includes a small-scale turbojet engine (STJE) and a gas turbine plant (GTP), which electric generator is driven by power turbine. The selection of rational values for the working process parameters of STJE and GTP was carried out in CAE system ASTRA on the basis of nonlinear optimization of these parameters, taking into account functional and parametric constraints. The quantitative results of deterioration in the performance of the engines of the family with common core are obtained in comparison with the engines with the optimum core for each type. However, the advanced creation of a common core can reduce the cost and timing of the engine creation, ensure its higher reliability (due to the development of the base common core) and reduce the cost of its production. The method of selecting the parameters of the working process of the GTE family with common core presents the solution to more complex problems, such as the possibility of developing a family consisting of five engines: a turbojet engine, turbofan engine, turbofan engine with a complex cycle, GTE with power turbine (GTE-PT), GTE-PT with recovery.
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Gupta1, Neha, and Sunil Kumar Mahla. "Biogas-an Alternative Fuel for Distributed Generation." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 4 (2017): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.541711.
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The electric energy sector is facing problems of fuel scarcity such as coal shortage, average losses of power transmission, distribution rise, insufficient or poor infrastructure and connectivity in distribution lines etc. Renewable energy sources are considered as clean sources of energy and when use optimally, these resources minimize environmental hazards, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on future energy demands. Since Internal combustion engines are developed more than a century ago, IC engines are the most common of all distributed generation technologies. In this paper a review has been done on use of biogas as an alternative sustainable fuel to be used in internal combustion engine for distributed generation. The main objective of this paper is to investigate bio-gas generation, its properties, desired characteristics and factors affecting the biogas generation from organic wastes by the anaerobic digestion. The biogas primarily comprises of methane, which is used for combustion. Use of methane reduces harmful engine emissions, and keeps the environment clean. It is economical and slurry can be used as organic manure. The main aspect of stationary internal combustion engines for electrical generators use is for isolated farms and rural areas.
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Tesfa, Belachew Cekene, Rakesh Mishra, and Aliyu M. Aliyu. "Effect of Biodiesel Blends on the Transient Performance of Compression Ignition Engines." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 5416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175416.
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Prior to full electric conversion, internal combustion engines will still maintain a paramount position in heavy goods and earth-moving vehicles. The most promising, cleaner alternative to fossil fuels is biodiesel. While it does not require alterations in the engine design, hence no major overhaul of existing infrastructure, biodiesel is more sustainable and clean-burning than petro-diesel. Extensive research has been reported on the effect of biodiesel blends, on the operational characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engines as well as the emissions behaviour of such engines. The performance characteristics of CI engines under transient operational conditions with Biodiesel blends has had limited attention so far from researchers. In the present work, transient performance characteristics of a CI engine has been evaluated for various biodiesel blends and its effects on performance behaviour have been quantified. In addition, emission footprints of CI engines under various transient operational conditions have also been enumerated.
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Cavagnino, Andrea, Zijian Li, Alberto Tenconi, and Silvio Vaschetto. "Integrated Generator for More Electric Engine: Design and Testing of a Scaled-Size Prototype." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 49, no. 5 (September 2013): 2034–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2013.2259785.
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Zhang, Yicheng, Gabriel Ooi Heo Peng, Joseph Kiran Banda, Souvik Dasgupta, Mark Husband, Rong Su, and Changyun Wen. "An Energy Efficient Power Management Solution for a Fault-Tolerant More Electric Engine/Aircraft." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 7 (July 2019): 5663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2877169.
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