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Academic literature on the topic 'More Electric Engine'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "More Electric Engine"

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Zakrullayevna, Zakirova Irodaxon. "ELECTRIC DOWNLOAD DIAGRAMS AND SELECTION OF ELECTRIC ENGINE POWER." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-04-08.

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In this article, any electrical circuit consists of one or more sources and consumers of electrical energy connected by interconnected wires and is therefore called an electrical circuit, which generates an electric current and ensures its flow They are selected out of power kekb, which is said to be a set of devices that form a closed path.
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Steimes, J., and P. Hendrick. "Dimensional analysis of an integrated pump and de-aerator solution in more electric aero engine oil systems." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1240 (May 11, 2017): 803–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.28.

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ABSTRACTAero-engine oil systems need to pump and de-aerate air-oil flows. Engine sub-components performing these tasks are undergoing important changes due to the development of more-electric engines. A new integrated pump and separation system that can be electrically entrained was developed and characterised experimentally to reduce footprint on the engine and increase reliability and performance. This prototype combines the pumping, de-aeration and de-oiling function of the scavenge part of oil systems. Previous works have failed to address in-flight performance of the prototype. To address this need, a dimensional analysis of the Pump and Separation System that allows in-flight performance prediction is proposed in this paper. This model is used to assess different prototype sizes and the influence of a more-electric engine. This analysis illustrates that by switching to an electric entrainment, the footprint of the Pump and Separation system on the engine is reduced by 34%, and de-aeration performances are improved by 55% at maximum take-off and 17% in cruise phase. This study opens the way for a more accurate design of the prototypes based on engine requirements.
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Xiao, Lingfei, Robert R. Sattarov, Peisong Liu, and Cong Lin. "Intelligent Fault-Tolerant Control for AC/DC Hybrid Power System of More Electric Aircraft." Aerospace 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9010004.

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This paper presents a novel intelligent fault-tolerant control method for a kind of more electric aircraft AC/DC hybrid electrical power system, in order to ensure the safe operation of the engine and improve the power supply quality. The more electric aircraft electrical power system was combined with an aircraft engine, two generators, two AC/DC rectifiers, two DC/AC inverters, DC loads, and AC loads. A multi-objective optimization intelligent sliding mode fault-tolerant controller was obtained for aircraft engine with actuator faults. Each of AC/DC rectifiers is 12-pulse autotransformer rectifier unit with active power filter. Active power filter was used to realize the desired performance of DC bus. Intelligent fractional order PI controller is presented for AC/DC rectifier by considering multiple performance indexes. In order to guarantee the AC-side has satisfying voltage, current, and frequency, no matter the sudden change of AC load that happens or DC/AC fault that occurs, the virtual synchronous generator control method was used for DC/AC inverters. Simulation results verify the effective of the proposed more electric aircraft AC/DC hybrid electrical power system.
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Jamil, Mohd Khairuladha, Mohd Ezwani Kadir, Mohamad Zikri Zainol, Abu Hanifah Abdullah, and Abu Zaid Bakar. "Preliminary Development of Electric Motorcycle Engine for Sport Aviation Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.250.

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Flying activities of sport aviation vehicles normally use Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) for their powerplant, which emits Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and also produces noise. Environmental issues regarding harmful gas emission and noise may restrict the sport aviation activities and resulting in reduction of interest in flying as a sport activity. The feasible solution for this issue is by replacing the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) with Electric Engines on all sport flying vehicles. The Modenas CTric Electric Engines was tested to measure the parameters required by comparable Internal Combustion Engine used by sport aviation flyers. Other parameters; engine endurance, temperature and performance, were also tested. The bench test was conducted using specially design test rig. The results show that there is a possibility for the Modenas CTric Motorcycles Electric Engine used as an alternate source of powerplant for paramotors and microlight aircraft. However, there is penalty on the vehicle payloads due to weight of the battery. Lighter battery technology integration is to be developed to reduce the weight of the flight vehicles. This study serves as a platform for further work in electric engine technology for commercial aircraft application. Availability of green engine (no emission and noise output) will generate more interest in sport aviation activities and prepare for the future commercial Electric Engine aircraft application.
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Geiß, Ingmar, and Rudolf Voit-Nitschmann. "Sizing of fuel-based energy systems for electric aircraft." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 12 (August 4, 2017): 2295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017721254.

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Optimized electric motors are lighter and smaller than conventional piston engines. As a result, new airplane configurations are feasible as motors can be placed in unconventional positions. Through careful aircraft design higher aerodynamic efficiencies of airframe, propeller, and propeller integration can be achieved. The energy density of current batteries, however, still limits strongly the range of purely battery powered aircraft. But if the energy is stored in liquid fuel and converted by a generator into electric energy, then the advantages of electric propelled airplanes and conventional combustion engines can be combined. But which combustion engine is optimal for such a serial-hybrid electric aircraft? In this new propulsion chain, other boundary conditions apply to the combustion engine than in conventional aircraft designs. These boundary conditions interact with the characteristics of combustion engines. An example for an engine characteristic is that different kinds of piston engines exist. It can be observed that technologies, which result in lighter piston engines, are associated with lower efficiencies and vice versa. In this paper it will be shown through considerations on aircraft level, that the optimal combustion engine for an electric-hybrid airplane should be heavier and more efficient than the optimal combustion engine for a conventional aircraft.
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Hanan, Ahmad, Tariq Feroze, Awais Arif, Hasan Iftikhar, Afzaal A. Khan, and Sarmad Javaid. "Performance Evaluation of a Single Cylinder Compressed Air Engine: An Experimental Study." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 16, no. 2 (March 24, 2022): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2022-0015.

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Abstract The quest to reduce dangerous environmental emissions has led to the research and use of alternate and renewable energy sources. One of the major contributors to the dangerous environmental emissions is the automotive industry. The world is, therefore, quickly moving towards hybrid and electric vehicles. An alternate pollution-free automotive engine is a compressed-air engine, which is powered by compressed air and is more efficient than the electric engine since it requires less charging time than a traditional battery-operated engine. Furthermore, the tanks used in compressed-air engines have a longer lifespan in comparison to the batteries used in electric vehicles. However, extensive research is required to make this engine viable for commercial use. The current study is a step forward in this direction and shows the performance analysis of a single-cylinder compressed-air engine, developed from a four-stroke, single-cylinder, 70 cc gasoline engine. The results show that compressed-air engines are economic, environmental friendly and efficient.
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Enalou, Hossein Balaghi, Xiaoyu Lang, Mohamed Rashed, and Serhiy Bozhko. "Time-Scaled Emulation of Electric Power Transfer in the More Electric Engine." IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 6, no. 4 (December 2020): 1679–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tte.2020.2999400.

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Mazumder, Atanu, Asif Hasan, Arafat Hossain Ayon, and Dewan Hasan Ahmed. "Energy Recovery from Exhaust Gas of Diesel and Petrol Engine by Turbo-electric Generator." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 2 (July 20, 2022): 9823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.2.2022.16.0758.

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A turbo-electric generator has been placed on the exhaust port of the petrol and diesel engines to investigate the possibility of recovering energy from the exhaust gas. Turbo-electric generator is a combination of a turbocharger and a generator. The aim of the study is to find the possibility and effectiveness of the turbo-electric generator for recovering the energy from the exhaust gas of an engine. The test has been conducted on the two engines, i.e. first one is TD 202 small test engine bed (diesel engine) and another one is Honda CG125 cc (petrol engine) motorcycle. Two types of motor i.e. DC motor and AC motor have been used as generators by altering the way a motor works. Firstly, a DC motor is used as a generator in the turbo-electric generator for both test engines. The results show that turbo-electric generator recover less than 1% energy of the exhaust gas for both engines when a DC motor is used as a generator (TD 202 and Honda CG125 cc motorcycle). But in case of Honda CG125 cc motorcycle, the percentage of recovering energy is comparatively higher than the TD 202 test engine. The experiment is further extended by using an AC motor as a generator only for the Honda CG125 cc motorcycle. The results show better energy recovering from exhaust gas through turbo-electric generator, which is more than 1% of exhaust gas. The results reveal that the engine speed and the mass flow rate of the exhaust gas play a major role in harvesting the energy from the exhaust gas. Moreover, it is found that the turbo-electric generator module provides good efficiency when an AC motor is used as a generator in the module. The experimental results have been compared with available literature.
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Vasiliev, Igor, Boris Kiforenko, and Yaroslav Tkachenko. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CONSTANT POWER THROTTLED ROCKET ENGINES FOR INTERORBITAL FLIGHTS TO GEOSTATIONAR." Journal of Automation and Information sciences 6 (November 1, 2021): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/1028-0979-2021-6-7.

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Carrying out low-thrust transfers of spacecrafts in the near-earth space from intermediate elliptic to the geostationary orbit using electric rocket engines seems to be one of the most important tasks of modern cosmonautics. Electric rocket engines, whose specific impulse of the reactive jet is an order of magnitude more than in chemical RD, are preferable for interorbit flights with a maximum payload in the case when a significant increase in the duration of the maneuver is permissible. Ability to throttling the rocket engine thrust is traditionally considered as one of the ways to reduce both the engine mass and the required fuel assumptions for performing the specified maneuver. Using the concept of an ideal-rocket engine provides the upper estimates of the payload mass of interborbital flights for the given power level. Accounting for the properties of real engines leads to the need of considering the mathematical models with more strict limits on control functions. A study of the efficiency of three modes of thrust control of an electric propulsion rocket engine was carried out when performing practically interesting spacecraft flights from highly elliptical intermediate near-earth orbits to geostationary orbits. A mathematical model of constant power relay rocket engine has been built. The formulation of the variational problem of the Maer type is given about the execution of a given dynamic maneuver for the throttled and unregulated electric rocket engines of constant power. Using the Pontryagin maximum principle, an analysis of the optimal control functions was carried out, for which the final relations were written out, which allowed to write down the system of differential equations of the optimal movement of the spacecraft, equipped with relay electric rocket engine. The obtained numerical and quality results of the study of the effectiveness of various modes of thrust control of an electric propulsion engine to increase the payload of a given orbital maneuver confirmed the correctness of mathematical models of throttled and relay engines and, in general, the efficiency of using solutions of the averaged equations of optimal motion of a spacecraft for numerical solution of the corresponding boundary value problems in an exact formulation.
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Popov, Viktor, Sergiy Yepifanov, Yevhenii Kononykhyn, and Aleksandr Tsaglov. "Architecture of Distributed Control System for Gearbox-Free More Electric Turbofan Engine." Aerospace 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8110316.

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This article presents the development of the electric turbofan engine in distributed architecture with a design thrust in the range of 3 to 7.5 and from 7.5 to 30 kN for small and medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicles. The engine subsystems are considered as separate smart modules with a built-in control system, exchanging data via a digital channel with the central engine control and diagnostics unit. The key smart engine units are combined in the following subsystems: starter and turbine generators, oil pumps, actuator of guide vanes, fuel pumps, fuel metering unit, control and diagnostic unit. All pumps and guide vane actuator are electrically driven. Control and monitoring signals are transmitted via a digital bus. Functional and reliability analysis and the technical configuration design of each subsystem are presented. Based on analysis of the architecture of distributed control systems for a gearbox-free electric engine, different configurations of described subsystems are proposed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "More Electric Engine"

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Gerada, David. "High speed electrical machines for the more-electric engine." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659206.

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With the increasingly stringent emissions legislation as well as the hiking fuel prices, engine electrification is currently a prime path for automotive companies to meet the environmental and efficiency targets, thus placing the need for high-performance automotive electrical machines. This research looks at developing high-speed electrical machines for an electrically-assisted turbocharger to be used within Cummins' heavy duty diesel engines. While the potential benefits of such a system are high, integrating a high speed, high power-density electrical machine within the aggressive turbocharger environment is challenging. In this work detailed system multi-domain models which include the electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical aspects are developed. Using these models, together with knowledge of electrical machine material properties, the capabilities and limitations of different types of electrical machines for use in electrically-assisted turbo-charging are determined. The field weakening properties, robustness and relatively low-cost make the Induction Machine the preferred technology for the application. This work provides a set of design guidelines for maximising the power density of high speed Induction Machines. In particular moving away from the conventionally used round rotor-bar and tailoring the split-ratio together with tailoring the machine IS electrical and magnetic loadings are shown to be important aspects in increasing the power density. An algorithm for increasing the power-density of high-speed induction machines is presented. Design recommendations are also presented for PM machines where tailoring the air-gap length is identified and shown to be important in optimising the distribution of losses. A computationally-efficient PEA-based technique is developed for the analysis of closed rotor-slot IMs. The optimized 9.5kW, 50000rpm IM design is prototyped and experimental results compared to those predicted from analysis.
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Kostakis, Theodoros. "Inductive interconnecting solutions for airworthiness standards and power-quality requirements compliance for more-electric aircraft/engine power networks." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30189.

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Driven by efficiency benefits, performance optimization and reduced fuel-burn, the aviation industry has witnessed a technological shift towards the broader electrification of on-board systems, known as the More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) concept. Electrical systems are now responsible for functions that previously required mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic power sources, with a subset of these functions being critical or essential to the continuity and safety of the flight. This trend of incremental electrification has brought along benefits such as reductions in weight and volume, performance optimization and reduced life-cycle costs for the aircraft operator. It has however also increased the necessary engine power offtake and has made the electrical networks of modern MEA larger and more complex. In pursuit of new, more efficient electrical architectures, paralleled or interconnected generation is thought to be one platform towards improved performance and fuel savings. However, the paralleling of multiple generation sources across the aircraft can breach current design and certification rules under fault conditions. This thesis proposes and evaluates candidate interconnecting solutions to minimize the propagation of transients across the interconnected network and demonstrates their effectiveness with reference to current airworthiness standards and MIL-STD-704F power quality requirements. It demonstrates that inductive interconnections may achieve compliance with these requirements and quantifies the estimated mass penalty incurred on the electrical architecture, highlighting how architectural and operating strategies can influence design options at a systems level. By examining the impact of protection operation speed on the electrical network, it determines that fast fault protection is a key enabling technology towards implementing lightweight and compliant interconnected architectures. Lastly, this thesis addresses potential implications arising from alternate standards interpretations within the framework of interconnected networks and demonstrates the impact of regulatory changes on the electrical architecture and interconnecting solutions.
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VASCHETTO, SILVIO. "Design and development of permanent magnet synchronous machines shaft-line embedded in aeronautic engines." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2615701.

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Technological advances in the aerospace industry have improved aircraft efficiency and reduced the cost of air transport, leading since 1960 to a continuous growth of the worldwide air traffic. Today it is postulated that also into the foreseeable future both the passenger and cargo air traffic will continue to growth, increasing the CO2 air transport emissions. In this contest, there are many environmental as well as commercial pressures on aircraft manufacturers to improve performances of future aircraft in terms of safety, air pollution, noise and climate change. To achieve these goals, it is necessary revisiting the whole aircraft architecture system, with the introduction of new technologies for performing key functions on aircraft. Today the conventional civil aircraft are characterized by four different secondary power distribution systems: mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical. This implies a complex power distribution nets aboard, and the necessity of an appropriate redundancy of each of them. In order to reduce this complexity, with the aim to improve efficiency and reliability, the aerospace designer community trend is towards the `More Electric Aircraft (MEA)' concept, that is the wider adoption of electrical systems in preference to the others. This solution involves an increase of the aircraft electrical loads and, as a consequence, heavy implications for the on-board electrical generation systems are predictable. The resulting increase of the electrical power requirements encourage the research of alternative solutions rather than simply scaling up existing technologies such as generators driven by gearboxes. To address these challenges, many studies are in the direction of the so called `More Electric Engine (MEE)', in which the electrical machines are integrated inside the main gas turbine engine to generate electrical power, start the engine and guarantee safety generation in case of a critical on-flight failure. In this way the mechanical gearbox which connects the actual generators to the aeroengine shaft can be eliminated. The MEA and the MEE concept can be considered as an evolutionary implementation of the `All Electric Aircraft (AEA)', in which all the aircraft on-board systems are supplied in an electrical form. The MEE concept will involve important mechanical and thermodynamic implications in the aeroengine design, making necessary a preliminary system analysis on today conventional aeroengine, in order to evaluate the integration feasibility with the actual mechanical and environmental constraints. The electrical machines can be integrated inside the engine in some different positions, either in the front part before the combustion chamber, in particular in the low-pressure or in the high-pressure compressor stages, or in the rear part of the engine, in the tail-cone zone. In the frame of the GREAT2020 (GReen Engine for Air Transport in 2020) project co-founded by Regione Piemonte, aimed to the development of new eco-compatible aircraft engines for the entry into service in 2020, the MEE concept focus is on the evaluation of the most suitable solution between four possible integration positions in the front part of the today conventional two-shaft GEnx turbofan engine. The rotational speeds and the maximum available volumes are respectively imposed by the shaft connection and by the available spaces inside the aeroengine. In the purpose of the MEE concept on which the work presented in this dissertations is based, in order to evaluate the less critical solution between the proposed, a trade-off study conducted on preliminary electromagnetic design has been performed considering both radial and axial flux surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines. The comparison of the different solutions have been done on the base of same sizing indexes. Due to the particular application in which the electrical machine integration is involved, in order to evaluate impact on the whole system performance, a wider trade-off study concerning the overall aeroengine system has been done by the aerospace company Avio, partner of the GREAT2020 project. The focus of the work presented in this dissertation, is the development of appropriate tools to perform a preliminary electromagnetic design of radial and axial flux, surface mounted, permanent magnet synchronous machines with three-phase distributed and single-layer fractional-slot non-overlapping concentrated windings. In particular, this latter winding topology has been considered for its specific application for its shorter end-winding connections respect to the distributed layout, and for their high fault tolerant capability due to the electrical and physical separation between the phases which reduces the possibility of a fault propagation. Regarding the radial flux topologies, both inner and outer rotor machine structures have been considered; for the axial flux machines the single-stage (one stator and one rotor) as well as the multi-stage structures, obtained connecting on the same axis more than one single-stage structure, have been considered. The developed general purpose tools are based on simple geometrical approach using conventional design equations. The geometrical dimensions are computed starting from the design specifications and material utilization indexes imposed by the designer. The implemented codes would be a useful tool for the electrical machine designer in order to quickly define a preliminary electromagnetic design starting from a fresh sheet of paper. The conducted comparisons with commercial software have proved the validity of the tools for the conducted MEE trade-off study; however, in a prototype design aimed to the construction, detailed analysis using commercial software available on the market and Finite Element Method analysis have to be done in order to verify and improve in details the preliminary electromagnetic design obtained by the implemented codes.
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Chiang, Kenneth H. "Fuzzy logic mode selection for a recuperative turboshaft engine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74846.

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Al-Durra, Ahmed Abad. "MODEL-BASED ESTIMATION FOR IN-CYLINDER PRESSURE OF ADVANCED COMBUSTION ENGINES." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281715345.

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Katariya, Ashish Santosh. "Dynamic modeling and feedback control with mode-shifting of a two-mode electrically variable transmission." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45825.

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This thesis develops dynamic models for the two-mode FWD EVT, develops a control system based on those models that is capable of meeting driver torque demands and performing synchronous mode shifts between different EVT modes while also accommodating preferred engine operating points. The two-input two-output transmission controller proposed herein incorporates motor-generator dynamics, is based on a general state-space integral control structure, and has feedback gains determined using linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimization. Dynamic modeling of the vehicle is categorized as dynamic modeling of the mechanical and electrical subsystems where the mechanical subsystem consists of the planetary gear sets, the transmission and the engine whereas the electrical subsystem consists of the motor-generator units and the battery pack. A discussion of load torque is also considered as part of the mechanical subsystem. With the help of these derived dynamic models, a distinction is made between dynamic output torque and steady-state output torque. The overall control system consisting of multiple subsystems such as the human driver, power management unit (PMU), friction brakes, combustion engine, transmission control unit (TCU) and motor-generator units is designed. The logic for synchronous mode shifts between different EVT modes is also detailed as part of the control system design. Finally, the thesis presents results for responses in individual operating modes, EVT mode shifting and a full UDDS drive cycle simulation.
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Василега, Петро Олександрович, Петр Александрович Василега, Petro Oleksandrovych Vasyleha, М. С. Гайворонський, С. С. Гвоздак, and А. С. Зябко. "Комплексне випробування двигунів змінного струму після ремонту." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65658.

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Усі електродвигуни після середнього та капітального ремонту повинні проходити випробування при роботі під навантаженням. Такі випробування, як правило, потребують використання спеціального обладнання та пов’язані зі значними фінансовими затратами. Був розроблений і запатентований спосіб випробування асинхронних двигунів, при якому подають напругу промислової частоти від регульованого джерела живлення на обмотку статора двигуна з незагальмованим ротором в режимі холостого ходу. При цьому випробуванні здійснюють підвищення напруги на обмотках статора доти, поки величина струму в них не дорівнюватиме його номінальному значенню.
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Das, Subhankar. "Engine Exhaust Treatment By Electrical Discharge Plasma : A More Realistic Case." Thesis, 2004. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1180.

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Books on the topic "More Electric Engine"

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Zuev, Sergey, Ruslan Maleev, and Aleksandr Chernov. Energy efficiency of electrical equipment systems of autonomous objects. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1740252.

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When considering the main trends in the development of modern autonomous objects (aircraft, combat vehicles, motor vehicles, floating vehicles, agricultural machines, etc.) in recent decades, two key areas can be identified. The first direction is associated with the improvement of traditional designs of autonomous objects (AO) with an internal combustion engine (ICE) or a gas turbine engine (GTD). The second direction is connected with the creation of new types of joint-stock companies, namely electric joint-stock companies( EAO), joint-stock companies with combined power plants (AOKEU). The energy efficiency is largely determined by the power of the generator set and the battery, which is given to the electrical network in various driving modes. Most of the existing methods for calculating power supply systems use the average values of disturbing factors (generator speed, current of electric energy consumers, voltage in the on-board network) when choosing the characteristics of the generator set and the battery. At the same time, it is obvious that when operating a motor vehicle, these parameters change depending on the driving mode. Modern methods of selecting the main parameters and characteristics of the power supply system do not provide for modeling its interaction with the power unit start-up system of a motor vehicle in operation due to the lack of a systematic approach. The choice of a generator set and a battery, as well as the concept of the synthesis of the power supply system is a problem studied in the monograph. For all those interested in electrical engineering and electronics.
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Search engine marketing: The small business owners way to accelerated growth online in recession, and much more. Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 2010.

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Press, Lenard Vinci. Trains: Beautiful Coloring Books for Adults, Teens, Seniors, with Steam Engines, Locomotives, Electric Trains and More. Lulu Press, Inc., 2021.

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Mowery, Susan. Adult Coloring Books Trains: Life Escapes Adult Coloring Books 48 Grayscale Coloring Pages of Steam Engines, Locomotives, Electric Trains and More. Independently Published, 2019.

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Journals, Graceland. Electrical Technician Log: Electrical Maintenance Repair Logbook Journal, Safety and Inspection Checklist, Routine Engine Works, for Facility Managers, Engineers, Technicians, Students, and Many More, 110 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Journals, Graceland. Electronics and Electrical Engineering Journal: Electrical Maintenance Repair Logbook Journal, Safety and Inspection Checklist, Routine Engine Works, for Facility Managers, Engineers, Technicians, Students, and Many More, 110 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Journals, Graceland. Electronics and Electrical Engineering Journal: Electrical Maintenance Repair Logbook Journal, Safety and Inspection Checklist, Routine Engine Works, for Facility Managers, Engineers, Technicians, Students, and Many More, 110 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Journals, Graceland. Electronics and Electrical Engineering Journal: Electrical Maintenance Repair Logbook Journal, Safety and Inspection Checklist, Routine Engine Works, for Facility Managers, Engineers, Technicians, Students, and Many More, 110 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Journals, Graceland. Electrical Engineering Log: Electrical Maintenance Repair Logbook Journal, Safety and Inspection Checklist, Routine Engine Works, for Facility Managers, Engineers, Technicians, Engineering Laboratory, Colleges, Students, and Many More, 110 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Journals, Graceland. Electrical Engineering Log: Electrical Maintenance Repair Logbook Journal, Safety and Inspection Checklist, Routine Engine Works, for Facility Managers, Engineers, Technicians, Engineering Laboratory, Colleges, Students, and Many More, 110 Pages. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "More Electric Engine"

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Hayton, Mark. "Marine Electrification is the Future: A Tugboat Case Study." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 868–79. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_77.

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AbstractIncreased emissions regulations, global volatility of petroleum supply chains, and a significant push to source energy from renewable and sustainable sources encourages companies and governments to move away from petroleum-based products. Research was conducted on the efficiencies and optimal operating parameters of internal combustion engines and electric motors, exposing situations where each would be best utilized given current energy infrastructure. To support the claim of partially electrified solutions for inland waterway vessels, an in-depth analysis was conducted for an inland waterway tugboat with a rated engine of 1800 kW. The unique operating parameters for tugboats make them prime candidates for plug-in-hybrid propulsion solutions. In this case, the 1800 kW rated tugboat operates at 360 kW or less 87% of the time. This means that most of the operating profile requires a very large engine to be running at low loads, wasting fuel. Proposing electric propulsion for operating modes that require 360 kW or less yields a 62% decrease in fuel consumption. Plug-in hybrid propulsion solutions allow for vessels to plug-in to charging stations after the completion of each voyage. Renewable sources like wind and solar, among others, directly feed the grid, permitting more flexibility in the move for sustainability. New developments in battery technology, require regulatory oversight to maintain safety compliance, specifically regarding the standardization of charging plugs and fire suppression systems for lithium-ion batteries. Implementing charging stations at frequented mooring locations will open the door for sustainable technology, like electrified propulsion solutions, to permeate the inland waterway infrastructure.
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Zhou, Hong, Xiang Gao, Zhanxue Wang, and Wei Zhang. "The Transient Performance of FLADE Variable Cycle Engine During Mode Transition." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1685–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3305-7_135.

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Li, Yilong, Qiang Zhang, Bin Han, and Jianru Wang. "Big Data Processing Mode Based on Cross Data Source SQL Engine." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 975–80. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9968-0_118.

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Vozmilov, A., D. Vlasov, and K. Glemba. "Study of Characteristics of Engine Operation in Stress-Testing Mode of Electric Gasoline Pump." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 679–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22063-1_72.

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Ma, Chao, Yong Hang, Xiaowu Gong, and Fu Wang. "Development of Real Time Inlet Air Model of Diesel Engine Based on ‘V’ Cycle Mode." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 853–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33750-5_3.

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Li, Yingwei, Zhiwei Li, Quansheng Ren, Lin Li, Lina Yu, and Zhengping Hu. "Research on the Innovative Education Practical Teaching Mode of Electronic Information for Outstanding Engineer." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 73–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93719-9_10.

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Jeevan Danaraj, Edgar. "Electrification for Aero-Engines: A Case Study of Modularization in New Product Development." In Advances in Turbomachinery [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109006.

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Modularization of hybrid-electric propulsion for commercial aircraft is becoming a reality in air transportation. The main intent of an electric architecture is to produce less carbon emissions and advance towards sustainability in the aeronautics industry. Due to regulatory and customer requirements for new technologies aimed at climate change and pollution, the integration of hybrid electric engine design become more challenging. Conceptual modular and integral product architectures are being compared with conventional and new constructions. A Design Structure Matrix (DSM) model is developed to analyze configuration of sub-component and their relationships through interaction between system elements. The DSM model includes product decomposition and cyclic task interdependencies to understand the extent of modularity in the product life cycle. The traditional turbofan engine architecture will be compared with hybrid electric propulsion engine architecture. The analysis indicates that the electric engine configuration constitutes a shift to a more distributed and less modular architecture. The DSM model reported a 19% increase in density of connectivity between components and 58% decrease in terms of structural complexity. The significance of these changes demonstrates that the more distributed architecture of the fully electric engine architecture requires less effort in system integration than the geared traditional turbofan architecture.
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Matt, Daniel, Nadhem Boubaker, Mourad Aitakkache, Philippe Enrici, Jean-Jacques Huselstein, and Thierry Martire. "High Power Very Low Voltage Electric Motor for Electric Vehicle." In New Perspectives on Electric Vehicles [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99134.

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Electric vehicles are often designed in the same way as their conventional counterparts based on the internal combustion engine, they are heavy machines for comfort and safety reasons, and increasingly powerful. Under these conditions, in order to simplify the motor electrical supply system by reducing the current levels, the voltage chosen for the battery is very high and can go up to 700 V. However, for many applications where the power is relatively low (< 30 kW per motor), it can be more beneficial to size the system at very low voltage (< 60 V). This approach allows to overcome many constraining safety requirements and also to use off-the-shelf components (motor controllers, connectors, etc.) that are more easily available on the market in this voltage range. There are also many regulatory provisions that may require to stay within this voltage limit. This article presents a variety of very low voltage motorisation solutions with a required power up to 100kW. They use two complementary approaches. The first is to implement an original permanent magnet synchronous machine technology with an optimised armature winding for low voltage operation. The second is based on power splitting where the electrical machine being designed to be driven by multiple controllers. Many examples of low-voltage motorised vehicles (sporty vehicle, tractor, re-motorised automobile, etc.) are illustrated in this article.
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Vergassola, Gianmarco, Dario Boote, and Federico Tocchi. "The Evolution of Large Pleasure Vessel Towards a Green Future." In Progress in Marine Science and Technology. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/pmst220041.

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The future of transportation means is quickly moving towards green solutions in order to reduce the emission of COx and SOx firstly and, secondly, to progressively abandon the fossil fuels. In this perspective, alternative propulsion such as fully electric engine, biofuels, hydrogen, LNG are now largely used in the automotive field and for mass transportation means. The naval field is now moving on the same trend by using hybrid and fully electric engine especially for pleasure vessels, where the relatively small engine power allows the installation of battery stacks onboard without adding unreasonable weight for only few navigation miles. In this paper, the transformation of a traditional pleasure vessel towards a new hybrid version is proposed; after a more comprehensive view of the modifications that are necessary to install hybrid engine and battery onboard, highlighting all the critical aspects of these new design, a FE numerical analysis of the basement of electric variable speed generators is presented.
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Diamond, Arthur M. "The Benefits: Labor Gains." In Openness to Creative Destruction, 91–106. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190263669.003.0007.

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New jobs created by innovative dynamism tend to be better jobs than old jobs destroyed. The new jobs are usually safer, cleaner, less routine, more creative, and more satisfying. Most factory jobs in the Industrial Revolution were steps up for those who had been scraping by in rural poverty. The replacement of the steam engine by the electric engine in factories made factories safer, cleaner, and better lit. From the late 1800s through the early 2000s, new jobs tended to involve less manual labor, less routine, more creativity, and more analysis. The trend accelerated with the flourishing of computers and the Internet in the 1990s and early 2000s. Innovative dynamism allows workers to choose jobs pursuing big, hairy, audacious goals (BHAGs) and the control, challenge, and satisfaction of being their own boss as free-agent entrepreneurs. We all benefit from allowing the choice of intense jobs, rather than mandating work–life balance.
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Conference papers on the topic "More Electric Engine"

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Morioka, Noriko, Hitoshi Oyori, Daiki Kakiuchi, and Kanji Ozawa. "More Electric Engine Architecture for Aircraft Engine Application." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46765.

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This paper describes the system design and evaluation of a noble MEE (More Electric Engine) system. The results show that the proposed MEE system can significantly reduce the fuel burn of engines and CO2 emissions from aircraft and also improve the safety, reliability and maintainability of engines. The MEE is advanced engine control technology utilizing recent innovations in electrical motors, motor controllers and power electronics. It replaces conventional engine accessories, such as AGB (Accessory Gear Box)-driven pumps, hydraulic actuators with electrical pumps and EMAs (Electro-Mechanical Actuators), which are powered by generators. The first step of the MEE is supposed to be the motor-driven fuel pump system, which can improve engine efficiency by reducing power extraction from the engine and eliminating ACOCs (Air-Cooled Oil Coolers) which worsen fuel efficiency by wasting fan discharge air. The goal of the MEE consists of eliminating the heavy AGB via electrical accessories and an engine-embedded starter/generator. The incorporation of a unique redundant Active-Active control architecture and a fault-tolerant design for the dual motor system successfully achieves a highly reliable and complete one fail operational/two fail safe engine control system.
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Newman, Richard. "The More Electric Engine Concept." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-3128.

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Morioka, Noriko, and Hitoshi Oyori. "Improved Engine Efficiency via the More Electric Engine." In 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-110.

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Morioka, Noriko, and Hitoshi Oyori. "Fuel System Design for the More Electric Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68374.

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This paper describes the system design of an electric motor-driven fuel pump system for the MEE (More Electric Engine). The MEE is a new aircraft engine system concept which will reduce fuel burn and CO2 emissions, and improve engine safety, reliability and maintainability. At the initial concept design stage of the MEE, a feasibility study indicated that the electric fuel pump system helped improve engine efficiency. The selected fuel pump system configuration for the MEE was a fixed displacement gear pump system, the speed of which is controlled by an electric motor. Simplification of the fuel system will be expected because the electric gear pump itself is used as a metering device, but there are several technical challenges which should be overcome to realize the system. One of the technical challenges involves ensuring fuel metering accuracy via motor speed control. To address the issue, studies of the fuel flow rate feedback system were performed. A novel flow feedback system was investigated and the potential to ensure metering accuracy was confirmed. The other technical challenge is the wide speed range operation of the gear pump system. If only a single electric gear pump is used in the MEE system, the pump should accommodate a speed range of 5 to 100% because the ground starting flow rate is about 5% of the maximum flow. Operation at such low speeds is significantly harsh for the LP pump pressurizing capability and bearing film lubrication. However, optimized pump performance and operational condition were established, and it is expected that a single pump system, in which both LP and HP pumps are directly motor-driven via a single shaft, can be constructed. In addition, there is a technical challenge involved in supplying electrical power to the pump motor during the windmill engine start-up. The system design focused on the above technical challenges, and the consequent feasibility of the simplified MEE fuel pump system construction was confirmed.
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Pluijms, Antoon, Klaus-Juergen Schmidt, Karel Stastny, and Borys Chibisov. "Performance Comparison of More Electric Engine Configurations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50758.

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An analytical study was undertaken to investigate the fuel burn potential of More Electric Engine (MEE) configurations using the performance model of a 2-shaft high BPR 20–30 klbf turbofan in revenue service. The 3 following power off-take configurations were compared: an HP-generator, an LP-generator, and a split-power generator (small HP starter/generator and a main LP generator). For this study, because of the small performance differences, high accuracy steady-state and transient performance models must be used. For steady-state operating conditions, the design point was modified and the off-design redline margins were calculated; ground and flight idle settings were adjusted to yield both the lowest possible fuel burn and residual thrust within the surge margin of the compressor, and the resulting short range mission fuel burn was calculated. For transient conditions, the thrust response, as well as both HPC and LPC surge margin lapse during engine acceleration and deceleration, had to maintain those of the baseline engine and fulfill certification requirements. This was achieved by modifying the idle settings and acceleration/deceleration schedules. Subsequently, the resulting short range mission fuel burn was calculated. Lastly, an introduction to the business case is provided with a simple cost-effectiveness calculation. This study was an initial investigation into MEE’s that focused primarily on the propulsion unit. For further in-depth studies, it is recommended to consider in detail the business model, aircraft weight issues, and the interaction propulsion performance and aircraft performance.
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Oyori, Hitoshi, Noriko Morioka, Daiki Kakiuchi, Yukio Shimomura, Keisuke Onishi, and Fumito Sano. "System Design for the More Electric Engine Incorporated in the Electrical Power Management for More Electric Aircraft." In SAE 2012 Power Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-2169.

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Lusignani, Davide, Davide Barater, Giovanni Franceschini, Giampaolo Buticchi, Michael Galea, and Chris Gerada. "A high-speed electric drive for the more electric engine." In 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2015.7310225.

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Norman, P. J., S. J. Galloway, G. M. Burt, D. R. Trainer, and M. Hirst. "Transient analysis of the more-electric engine electrical power distribution network." In 4th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2008). IEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20080608.

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Oyori, Hitoshi, and Noriko Morioka. "Fault-tolerant control for the More Electric Engine." In 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-111.

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Morioka, Noriko, Hitoshi Oyori, Yukinori Gonda, Kenji Takamiya, and Yasuhiko Yamamoto. "Development of the Electric Fuel System for the More Electric Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26277.

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This paper describes the experimental rig test result of the electric motor-driven fuel pump system for the MEE (More Electric Engine). The MEE is an aircraft engine system concept, which replaces conventional mechanical/hydraulic driven components with electric motor-driven components. Various MEE approaches have been studied since the early 2000s and one of its key concepts is an electric motor-driven fuel pump [1–4]. The authors commenced a feasibility study of the electric motor-driven gear pump system for what was assumed to be a small-sized turbofan engine. The concept study and system design were conducted, whereupon technical issues for the electric fuel pump system, which both supplies and meters fuel via the motor speed control, were clarified [5, 6]. Since one of the key issues is fuel-metering accuracy, the electric fuel system, including a flow feedback closed-loop control, was designed to ensure accurate fuel-flow metering for aircraft engine applications. To verify the rig system, an experimental model of the electric fuel pump system is assumed for a small-sized turbofan engine. The hardware of the motor-driven fuel pump and flow measurement mechanism, including an FPV (Fuel-Pressurizing Valve) and orifice, were designed, manufactured and fabricated and a differential pressure sensor for flow feedback was selected. Other equipment was also prepared, including a motor controller, power source and measurement devices, and the entire rig set-up was constructed. A bench test using the rig test set-up was conducted to verify the fuel-metering accuracy, response and system stability. Data, including the static performance and frequency response, were obtained for the electric motor, motor-driven fuel pump and entire fuel system respectively. The rig test results indicate the feasibility of the system, which will provide an accurate engine fuel flow (Wf) measurement and frequency response required for actual engine operation, via an electric motor speed control and fuel-flow feedback system, as proposed in the MEE electric fuel system.
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Reports on the topic "More Electric Engine"

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Li, Yan, Yuhao Luo, and Xin Lu. PHEV Energy Management Optimization Based on Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0739.

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The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) gradually moves into the mainstream market with its excellent power and energy consumption control, and has become the research target of many researchers. The energy management strategy of plug-in hybrid vehicles is more complicated than conventional gasoline vehicles. Therefore, there are still many problems to be solved in terms of power source distribution and energy saving and emission reduction. This research proposes a new solution and realizes it through simulation optimization, which improves the energy consumption and emission problems of PHEV to a certain extent. First, on the basis that MATLAB software has completed the modeling of the key components of the vehicle, the fuzzy controller of the vehicle is established considering the principle of the joint control of the engine and the electric motor. Afterwards, based on the Isight and ADVISOR co-simulation platform, with the goal of ensuring certain dynamic performance and optimal fuel economy of the vehicle, the multi-island genetic algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the membership function of the fuzzy control strategy to overcome it to a certain extent. The disadvantages of selecting parameters based on experience are compensated for, and the efficiency and feasibility of fuzzy control are improved. Finally, the PHEV vehicle model simulation comparison was carried out under the UDDS working condition through ADVISOR software. The optimization results show that while ensuring the required power performance, the vehicle fuzzy controller after parameter optimization using the multi-island genetic algorithm is more efficient, which can significantly reduce vehicle fuel consumption and improve exhaust emissions.
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Pinto de Moura, Maria Cecilia. Low-Carbon Pathways for Transportation: Ramping up vehicle electrification and phasing out petroleum. Union of Concerned Scientists, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2022.14770.

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We have an urgent need—and a unique opportunity—to profoundly transform the ways in which people and goods move around in the United States. A collaborative analysis led by the Union of Concerned Scientists found that using existing technologies, and at modest cost, we can achieve a zero-carbon, equitable transportation system by 2050. This transformation is made possible by phasing out petroleum and transitioning to low and zero-carbon fuels. This eliminates tailpipe emissions that endanger communities, and at the same time keeps our climate targets within reach. To get there, we need to rapidly electrify vehicle fleets; strengthen efficiency standards for both electric and internal-combustion engine vehicles; reduce emissions from the remaining liquid fuels in hard-to-decarbonize sectors such as aviation, shipping, and long distance road transportation; and enable communities to reduce or eliminate the need to drive. Achieving these goals will require a suite of forward-thinking policies and regulations at all administrative levels that are implemented with meaningful community engagement.
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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi, and Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.

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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.
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Musa, Padde, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Knowledge Sharing in Organisations: Finding a Best-fit Model for a Regulatory Authority in East Africa. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317432.

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Knowledge is an essential organisational asset that contributes to organisational effectiveness when carefully managed. Knowledge sharing (KS) is a vital component of knowledge management that allows individuals to engage in new knowledge creation. Until it’s shared, knowledge is considered useless since it resides within the human brain. Public organisations specifically, are more involved in providing and developing knowledge and hence can be classified as knowledge-intensive organisations. Scholarly research conducted on KS has proposed a number of models to help understand the KS process between individuals but none of these models is specifically for a public organisation. Moreover, to really reap the benefits that KS brings to an organization, it’s imperative to apply a model that is attributable to the unique characteristics of that organisation. This study reviews literature from electronic databases that discuss models of KS between individuals. Factors that influence KS under each model were isolated and the extent of each of their influence on KS in a public organization context, were critically analysed. The result of this analysis gave rise to factors that were thought to be most critical in understanding KS process in a public sector setting. These factors were then used to develop a KS model by categorizing them into themes including organisational culture, motivation to share and opportunity to share. From these themes, a KS model was developed and proposed for KS in a medicines regulatory authority in East Africa. The project recommends that an empirical study be conducted to validate the applicability of the proposed KS model at a medicines regulatory authority in East Africa.
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Development of an Adaptive Efficient Thermal/Electric Skipping Control Strategy Applied to a Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0737.

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In recent years automobile manufacturers focused on an increasing degree of electrification of the powertrains with the aim to reduce pollutants and CO2 emissions. Despite more complex design processes and control strategies, these powertrains offer improved fuel exploitation compared to conventional vehicles thanks to intelligent energy management. A simulation study is here presented aiming at developing a new control strategy for a P3 parallel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. The simulation model is implemented using vehicle modeling and simulation toolboxes in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed control strategy is based on an alternative utilization of the electric motor and thermal engine to satisfy the vehicle power demand at the wheels (Efficient Thermal/Electric Skipping Strategy - ETESS). The choice between the two units is realized through a comparison between two equivalent fuel rates, one related to the thermal engine and the other related to the electric consumption. An adaptive function is introduced to develop a charge-blended control strategy. The novel adaptive control strategy (A-ETESS) is applied to estimate fuel consumption along different driving cycles. The control algorithm is implemented on a dedicated microcontroller unit performing a Processor-In-the-Loop (PIL) simulation. To demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the A-ETESS, the same adaptive function is built on the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS). The PIL results showed that the proposed strategy ensures a fuel economy similar to ECMS (worse of about 2% on average) and a computational effort reduced by 99% on average. This last feature reveals the potential for real-time on-vehicle applications.
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Comparative Analysis on Fuel Consumption Between Two Online Strategies for P2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) vs Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0740.

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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) represent one of the main technological options for reducing vehicle CO2 emissions, helping car manufacturers (OEMs) to meet the stricter targets which are set by the European Green Deal for new passenger cars at 80 g CO2/km by 2025. The optimal power-split between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electric motor is a challenge since it depends on many unpredictable variables. In fact, HEV improvements in fuel economy and emissions strongly depend on the energy management strategy (EMS) on-board of the vehicle. Dynamic Programming approach (DP), direct methods and Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) are some of the most used methodologies to optimize the HEV power-split. In this paper two online strategies are evaluated: an Adaptive-RuleBased (A-RB) and an Adaptive-Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-ECMS). At first, a description of the P2 HEV model is made. Second, the two sub-optimal strategies are described in detail and then implemented on the HEV model to derive the fuel-optimal control strategy managing the power split between the thermal and electric engine to satisfy the driver's power request, including the engine on/off operating mode and the best gear selection. Finally, the two proposed strategies are tested on different driving cycles and then compared to other commercial strategies available in literature, such as the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) and a RuleBased (RB) strategy. The results show that the A-ECMS is more conservative in terms of state of charge (SoC) compared to the A-RB. In fact, in the A-ECMS the SoC is always within the admissible range with considerable margin from the upper and lower limits for tested cycles, while in the A-RB a deep discharge of the battery is allowed. This behavior leads to a better fuel consumption of the A-RB compared to the A-ECMS, both in the WLTC and in the FTP-75 cycle.
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