Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Morale philosophy'
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Ravat, Jérôme. "Philosophie empirique des désaccords moraux. Une théorie de l'imaginaire polémique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040122.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop a theory in order to describe, explain, and regulate moral disagreements. Ours is an empirical approach to moral disagreement, based mainly on empirical data provided by social and moral psychology.The morphology of moral disagreement (part 1) reveals that it is drawn from polemical imagination, which consists of three key elements: analogy, metaphor, and symbol. Such hybridization gives birth to symbolic networks, organizing the relationship between the moral opponents.The genealogy of moral disagreement (part 2) aims to determine the sources of these symbolic networks. We will analyse the psychological, anthropological, and socio-historical processes underlying the moral disagreements. The key role of family – as matrix, model and object of disagreement – will be emphasized.The polemology of moral disagreement (part 3) attempts to reorganize the symbolic networks through a pragmatic and normative approach. We will analyse the procedures in view of a regulation including the transformation of polemical imagination into consensual imagination.Thus, moral disagreement must be reasserted, before any attempt to rehumanising the moral field.Key-words: moral disagreement, moral philosophy, social psychology, moral psychology, imagination, analogy, metaphor, symbol, family
MINETTI, STEFANO. "LA QUESTIONE MORALE IN ‘ABID AL‐JĀBIRĪ." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1066.
Full textThe thesis illustrates the thinking of contemporary Moroccan philosopher M.A. al- Jābirī (al-Jabri), a major Arab philosopher of the twentieth century. After a brief introduction, the thesis presents the theoretical structure of his thought. Then it contextualizes Jabri’s thought in the framework of contemporary Arab philosophy. The second chapter focuses on Jabri’s theory of moral philosophy, illustrating how the Moroccan thinker considers the developing of moral philosophy through the ages in the Arab Islamic context. The analysis is characterized by a philological-historical approach, although theoretical contributions developed by Jabri are not negligible. A final chapter follows to highlight some of the criticisms made against him - in particular by an Arab author, George Tarabishi, and an Italian scholar Massimo Campanini - compared to the vision of Jabri. The thesis concludes with some personal reflections of the editor.
MINETTI, STEFANO. "LA QUESTIONE MORALE IN ‘ABID AL‐JĀBIRĪ." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1066.
Full textThe thesis illustrates the thinking of contemporary Moroccan philosopher M.A. al- Jābirī (al-Jabri), a major Arab philosopher of the twentieth century. After a brief introduction, the thesis presents the theoretical structure of his thought. Then it contextualizes Jabri’s thought in the framework of contemporary Arab philosophy. The second chapter focuses on Jabri’s theory of moral philosophy, illustrating how the Moroccan thinker considers the developing of moral philosophy through the ages in the Arab Islamic context. The analysis is characterized by a philological-historical approach, although theoretical contributions developed by Jabri are not negligible. A final chapter follows to highlight some of the criticisms made against him - in particular by an Arab author, George Tarabishi, and an Italian scholar Massimo Campanini - compared to the vision of Jabri. The thesis concludes with some personal reflections of the editor.
Qi, Zhaoyuan. "Le socratisme en Chine et la recherche comparative entre la philosophie morale de Socrate et celle de Confucius." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0011.
Full textThis thesis aims to be interested in the following two questions : the socratism in China since the twentieth century and the comparison between the moral philosophy of Socrates and that of Confucius. We begin the research at first in presenting laconically the sino-occidental exchanges, of which the socratism forms a part. In the following chapters of Part One, we systematically study the four aspects of the problem from a historical perspective : introduction, translation, reception and influence, among which the last one plays a primordial role. Subsequently, we make a comparative research on the moral philosophies of the two masters, in particular the key concepts of their doctrines : the Good and the ren. After presenting the historical contexts where the socratism and the confucianism have been established, we explore in depth the essence and the starting point of their moral philosophy as well as the way toward achievement of the humanity. Based on ouranalyses, we can deduce that the humanity and the virtue are what Socrates and Confucius endeavoured to pursue throughout their lives
Monast, Brian. "Le déterminisme et les fondements de la responsabilité morale : perspectives ouvertes par Peter F. Strawson." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20939.pdf.
Full textArtaud, Janick. "Le problème de la motivation dans le développement de la conscience morale chez Karl-Otto Apel." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9084.
Full textMiravete, Sébastien. "La durée bergsonienne comme nombre et comme morale." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690362.
Full textJobin, Guy. "La reconstruction : analyse critique et portée de la philosophie morale de Jean-Marc Ferry pour l'éthique sociale théologique." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9069.
Full textVasilionytė, Ieva. "Kaip galima su sveiko proto morale suderinama moralės teorija." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140701_110409-74612.
Full textThe dissertation explores the question of the possibility of a moral theory compatible with common sense morality. Common sense morality is limited to its two fundamental features, or suppositions: moral judgements are truth apt and practical, i.e. they are at the same time in some sense objectively right or wrong and necessarily action guiding. In contemporary philosophy, the two fundamental features of common sense morality seem to be incompatible: only descriptions can have truth values, but descriptions are not prescriptions, or, to put it otherwise, from the way the things are, it does not follow straightforwardly how the things should be. However, analyses of the methodological, ontological, epistemological and semantic possibilities of moral theories enable a positive answer: a moral theory which embodies the two fundamental features of common-sense morality is possible, only if it makes coherence its constitutive value and uses the approach of rationalist internalism. In this research, the main controversies and distinctions of contemporary meta ethics (moral realism/anti realism, motivational internalism/externalism) are discussed and an account of rationalist internalism is explicated and enforced.
Bouvier, Julien. "La statuaire morale de Platon." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942269.
Full textLorius, Vincent. "Le courage d’éduquer : imagination morale et activité des éducateurs en contexte scolaire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20080.
Full textOur thesis aims at proposing a scheme of understanding of the ethical thought of educators in a school environment, built on the use of concepts originally used to speak of moral philosophy. Hence we base our analysis more specifically on the notion of moral minimalism, a theory which allows to take into account the fact that some professional positions, acceptable as regards the institutional action, arise from moral principle which are normally not considered valid in a school context, like for example, the “no harm done” principle. Our reflexion is based on a definition of the educational action in a school context, thought as a contribution to a sharing of responsibilities aiming at allowing students to have access to knowledge. These responsibilities both –and in a very precise way-arise from the institutional actor and the student, together with the people who are in charge of his education, namely his parents. The school educator’s ability hence depends on his capacity to understand and use the contribution of each actor according to the different educational moments. This belief allows us to understand the importance of the interaction between school and a world in which axiological pluralism is the law. From the discussions we had with professionals and with the help of a theoretical framework allowing the possibility to base education on minimalism in our pluralist world, we came to several conclusions allowing to propose a model of the moral points of reference used by educators. This model shows, in particular, that ethical positioning are not naturally set on a list of principles or values, but on the contrary are the result of a moral imagination which takes into account the specificities of every situation. Then a philosophy of courage is born, which can be defined as a capacity to judge in situations which are borderline in terms of ethics and which allows to think the action in a changing and complex ethical environment. The courage to educate thus permits, in situations which the educator identifies as specific, to push the limits of common sense school ethics, according to which ethical solutions would preceed the occurrence of problems
Allard, Aurelien. "Le mérite : signification, possibilité et valeur." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080012.
Full textThe idea of merit holds a special status in contemporary societies. Like equality or liberty, merit enjoys a very high degree of support in many western countries. However, contrary to other moral principles, the idea of merit suffers from a very high degree of skepticism within the philosophical literature. We defend in this dissertation that this skepticism is unjustified, and that merit owes its popularity to the fact that it is a fundamental moral principle. The originality of this dissertation lies in part in the recourse to psychological experiments used to study folk perception of fundamental philosophical problems. This recourse to empirical methods is justified by the idea that every moral theory should be a rationalization of folk intuitions. The deep anchoring of merit in commonsense morality constitutes a major justification of the value of merit. Furthermore, we put forward three other justifications. Merit also plays a fundamental role in the promotion of collective welfare, ensures the harmony of private and public interest, and contributes to the constitution of a community of values. This four-fold justification enables us to defend the necessity of inscribing merit within a pluralist theory of social justice
Giordani, Antonio. "Exercice du pouvoir et exercice de la liberté: les théories sur l'origine de la société de Hobbes à Kant." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211736.
Full textMontigny, François de. ""Capter et retenir quelque chose de la vie" : Stanley Cavell, Cora Diamond, Martha Nussbaum et la littérature comme philosophie morale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H216.
Full textCan literature say something in ethics that philosophy cannot ? If so, should we consider some literary texts as philosophy ? In this thesis, we will study the answers that Stanley Cavell, Cora Diamond and Martha Nussbaum give to these questions. As they criticize traditional moral philosophy and defend literature’s moral relevance, these three American philosophers develop conceptions of the relationship between philosophy and literature that bring the two disciplines together on the basis of a common task or work. We will try to show that these different conceptions, which entail implicitly or explicitly a redefinition of philosophy based on a new criterion of recognition, lead to a weakening of the fundamental distinction between philosophy and sophistry. We will argue that the criterions of recognition put forward by Cavell, Diamond and Nussbaum are either too partial and subjective to allow the upholding of this primordial distinction, or too restrictive to reflect the diversity of moral visions and point of view in philosophy and in literature
França, Freitas Vinícius. "Thomas Reid sur les premiers principes de la connaissance spéculative, morale et politique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H221.
Full textThis thesis aims to discuss Thomas Reid’s (1710-1796) theory of the first principles of knowledge, more particularly, the first principles of philosophy of mind, morals and politics. In the first chapter, I discuss Reid’s foundationalist commitments in philosophy of mind, morals and politics. I argue that he is clearly a foundationalist about speculative and moral knowledge, but it is not clear if he keeps foundationalist commitments with regard to political knowledge – the first principles of politics are not self-evident beliefs: they are not justified from the start and, therefore, they do not have what is needed for being basic beliefs in a foundationalist view of the structure of knowledge. In the second chapter, I discuss Reid’s understanding of the sources of speculative, moral and political knowledge, namely, common sense and knowledge of mankind. I argue that while philosophy of mind and morals are based upon the first principles of common sense – immediate and irresistible beliefs due to the original constitution of mind, politics is based upon first principles of the knowledge of mankind – beliefs that are due to a mixture of the sagacity and the experience of the political scientist who lives among other human beings in a political society. In the third chapter, I try to explain Reid’s comprehension on the first principles of philosophy of mind, morals and politics. I try to explain what a first principle of knowledge is, how to understand the distinction between the principles of contingent and necessary truths and what the means we have to identify the first principles of knowledge are. The fourth and last chapter is entirely dedicated to common sense. More particularly, I discuss how Reid defends the first principles of common sense from the skeptical attack
Grassadonio, Guido. "Lucien Goldmann : pour un marxisme humaniste. De l’anthropologie paradoxale à l’autogestion ouvrière." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH158.
Full textLucien Goldmann, 1913-1970, was an important figure in the debate on the relation between Marxism et Humanism, from the 1950's until the day of his death.The purpose of this work is to show, first of all, his philosophical foundations of his Marxist humanism, that is simultaneously a critic of Sartre and an irreducible enemy of Althusser and all the structuralist school. The heart of his thought is a paradoxical anthropology inspired by Pascal and his conception of wager, but also by Goethe's Faust and the idea of the necessity of a «passage through evil» or an ethical/political compromise. Dialectic and pascalian wager compose in Goldmann's view one philosophical unity, which this work has tried to describe its most important moments.In the second part, we tried to describe the Goldmann's sociological work of historical reconstruction of most important form of (sometimes political, sometimes only cultural) humanist resistance: from novel to worker’s self-government, passing by the history of socialist movement.Finally, this work is also to highlight Goldmann's thought, that of a new socialism based on the concept of worker automation and characterized by the non-abolition of the free market, and it's confrontation with other authors, like Bloch, Balibar, Fromm, Althussser and Mallet. The objective is to show how some statement of the author can be useful to today debate
Lucien Goldmann, 1913-1970, è stato una figura importante all'interno del dibattito sul rapporto fra marxismo e umanesimo tra gli anni '50 fino alla sua scomparsa.Questo lavoro mira, per prima cosa, a mostrare le vere basi filosofiche del suo umanesimo marxista, contemporaneamente critico di Sartre e irriducibilmente nemico d'Althusser e di tutta la scuola strutturalista. Come cuore di tale pensiero troviamo un'antropologia paradossale ispirata tanto da Pascal e dalla sua concezione del "pari", tanto dal Faust di Goethe, con l'idea della necessità di un "cammino attraverso il male", ovvero di un compromesso etico/politico. Dialettica e scommessa pascaliana compongono nell'autore una sola unità filosofica, di cui questo lavoro prova a descriverne i passaggi principali.In un secondo momento, si è provato anche a descrivere il lavoro sociologico proposto da Goldmann nel tentativo di ricostruire le forme principali di resistenza umanista (sia politica, sia meramente culturale) alla società capitalista reificata e reificante: dal romanzo fino all'autogestione operaia, passando per la storia del movimento socialista.In fine, questo lavoro prova pure a descrivere l'ultima proposta politica di Goldmann, ovvero quella di un nuovo socialismo, fondata sul concetto di autogestione operaia e caratterizzato dalla non abolizione le libero mercato.All'interno di questo percorso, una grande importanza è data al confronto tra le idee goldmanniane e quelle di altri autori, come Bloch, Balibar, Fromm, Mallet e Althusser. Lo scopo è quello di mostrare come certe proposte dell'autore siano ancora all'altezza del dibattito attuale
Ono, Kotaro. "Les trois étapes de la pensée morale : Bergson et le débat sur la science des moeurs." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H233.
Full textReleased in 1932, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion (The two sources) is Henri Bergson's last major work. There are many works devoted to the confrontation of his moral and social philosophy with Émile Durkheim's sociology. But these works don't explore his "mobilism" in The two sources. Reality is mobile. This is a recurring idea in his work from his Time and Free Will: An Essay on the lmmediate Data of Consciousness (published in 1889) to The two sources, where he asserts that open morality is mobility. Mobilism is essential to his moral philosophy. From this perspective, we propose to determine Bergson's position regarding the debate on the science of morals aroused by the work of Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (1903), Ethics and Morale science (La morale et la science des mœurs) in the year 1900. In this work, Lévy-Bruhl, inspired by Auguste Comte and Durkheim, seeks to establish an objective science of moral reality (which he called "science of morals") by adopting the sociological method, but by removing the "theoretical ethics", which don't observe morale reality, such as theological, utilitarian and Kantian ethics. If we locate The two sources in this historical context, Bergson's moral philosophy might appear as the third stage of moral thought, in relation to the first stage (theoretical ethics) and the second stage (science of morals). If such is the case, this third stage might be called "mobilism", which advances the research of moral reality? This is the assumption that this dissertation is investigating
Chassaing, Olivier. "Réprimer les crimes, reconnaître les torts : la fonction normative de la peine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100088/document.
Full textPunishment is a paradoxical institution of contemporary democratic societies: the abuses and over-penalisation consequences of security policies are criticized, but the impunity of certain crimes remains scandalous and people urge for justice; the abolition of specific kinds of punishments (for instance prison) or the introduction of alternative forms of regulation (such as practices of restorative justice) are claimed, but the difficulty of enforcing law without deterrent sanctions seems inextricable. This dissertation deals with the reasons why such an institution as criminal justice is considered as unavoidable. It advocates that punishment assumes a third role in society, beyond its use as an afflictive instrument or as a vehicle for collective indignation. I call it the normative function of punishment. This function is manifested through various phenomena: penal institutions affirm the fundamental character of certain prohibitions and take part in recognizing wrongs suffered by individuals, even sometimes against the dominant morality; they help renew social norms and distinguish offenses that matter to the state from those that stay invisible; they shape the content and the forms of social conflictuality by raising demands for justice in front of the public authority. The study of this normative function and its consequences regarding the justification of punishment form the two sides of this dissertation. In the first part, I claim that in order to recognize wrongs and injustices, criminal justice can deliberately increase the social suffering and the exclusion of those who are punished. In the second part, I try to understand more fundamentally how penal institutions provide direct practical guides and evaluation criteria to individuals, despite the generality of legal norms and the disagreement that may affect courts’ decisions. In the third and final part, I assess the difficulty to identify criminal conviction with wrongs recognition. If the severity of sentences is indexed to the request of victims, and if judges still intend to limit deserved punishment to one’s culpability, criminal justice is entrusted with the task of accurately assessing the reasons of conflicts between individuals or groups. The problem is that it does so within a framework based (a priori) on three practices: the legal definition of offenses, the imputation of criminal responsibility and the individualization of sentence. This work concludes that punishment cannot be defined as a secondary instrument of deterrence or neutralization. Punishment contributes to resolve conflicts and transform societies’ moral life, which partly explains its resistance to claims of abolitionism or to restorative justice theory. However, criminal justice remains an ambivalent institution, of which justification is unsatisfactory: it is both a mean to express demands for justice and, as it remains in the hands of the state, a source of disappointment regarding these same demands
Jaffro, Laurent. "Recherches sur le sens moral, le sens commun, et l'association. Note de synthèse." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174292.
Full textBellis, Kouroch. "Système de l'obligation naturelle." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020009.
Full textThe notion of natural obligation is often overlooked in France. This is the result of a doctrinal trend from the last century, which, nourished by legal positivism, has concluded that there is no rational system of natural obligations in French Law. Such a system does exist nonetheless.The time has come to restore the notion of natural obligations and with it the notion of natural law. The French legal tradition is by essence jusnaturalist, of humanist type, and the system of natural obligations appears to be the fruit of this long tradition. The rules pertaining to this notion are a confluence of positive law and natural law through the fundamental field which is the law of obligations. Through the discovery of a true system of natural law, the system of natural obligations as it manifests itself in French law appears quite naturally. It enables us then to understand and resolve many practical difficulties arising in court cases
MERCURI, MIRIAM. "SAPER TESSERE LA VITA. UNA RINASCITA DELL'ETICA DELLE VIRTU' IN GERMANIA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/265.
Full textThe topic of this Ph. D. thesis is the latest discovery of virtue ethics in Germany, developed in the frame of that moral philosophy Renaissance called Rehabilitierung der praktischen Philosophie. I use as a model the latest Anselm Müller's work. The first part of my work describes this context, whose cause is the requirement of giving back to ethics its ability to lead action. Observing political philosophy and hermeneutic school, we can discover their common origin: Heidegger's interpretation of Aristotle's ethics. German virtue ethics (Tugendethik), which is the main topic of the second part, is based on practical Neoaristotelism. Tugendethik can be a possible answer to the difficulty of moral philosophy that Rehabilitierung has shown. At first, I have highlighted the differences from the largest Anglo-American virtue ethics; then I have exposed the main concepts of this ethics model: virtue, wisdom, good life – as total human fulfilment and flourishing, allowed by virtues - and character – as a permanent changing fabric, woven by a continuous practice of virtuous or vicious acts. The main influence of every action is, in fact, not external, but internal: its target is the agent's personality. Therefore virtue ethics is a “first person-ethic”, because it cares more about the person who acts than about his singular actions.
MERCURI, MIRIAM. "SAPER TESSERE LA VITA. UNA RINASCITA DELL'ETICA DELLE VIRTU' IN GERMANIA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/265.
Full textThe topic of this Ph. D. thesis is the latest discovery of virtue ethics in Germany, developed in the frame of that moral philosophy Renaissance called Rehabilitierung der praktischen Philosophie. I use as a model the latest Anselm Müller's work. The first part of my work describes this context, whose cause is the requirement of giving back to ethics its ability to lead action. Observing political philosophy and hermeneutic school, we can discover their common origin: Heidegger's interpretation of Aristotle's ethics. German virtue ethics (Tugendethik), which is the main topic of the second part, is based on practical Neoaristotelism. Tugendethik can be a possible answer to the difficulty of moral philosophy that Rehabilitierung has shown. At first, I have highlighted the differences from the largest Anglo-American virtue ethics; then I have exposed the main concepts of this ethics model: virtue, wisdom, good life – as total human fulfilment and flourishing, allowed by virtues - and character – as a permanent changing fabric, woven by a continuous practice of virtuous or vicious acts. The main influence of every action is, in fact, not external, but internal: its target is the agent's personality. Therefore virtue ethics is a “first person-ethic”, because it cares more about the person who acts than about his singular actions.
Brisset, Tifenn. "Le cinéma d'Alfred Hitchcock : une oeuvre du devenir-humain." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924092.
Full textNkulu, Kabamba Olivier. "Ethique et démocratie: la problématique du personnalisme de Jacques Maritain :essai d'éthique politique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212507.
Full textGraftieaux, Jean-Pierre. "Les deux consciences : de l'étant-humain à l'Être et retour." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00503853.
Full textDa, Costa Valadares Jeferson. "A teoria da ação na filosofia espanhola do século de ouro : Juan Luis Vives e Francisco de Vitoria." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN074.
Full textThe study of Spanish philosophy is traditionally neglected by academic and historiographical European traditions. It is, however, far from any controversy, a philosophical tradition that exists and has made rich contributions to classical European philosophy. The philosophical thought developed in the sixteenth century in Spain, during the Renaissance, is particularly rich and fruitful. Among the various topics that are addressed, I plan to analyze a question that particularly occupies the minds at that time, namely the philosophy of action that treats with originality two major authors of the Spanish Renaissance: Valencian philosopher and humanist Juan Luis Vives (1492-1540) and theologian and jurist Francisco de Vitoria (1486-1546). Considered both as representatives from Christian humanism and second scholasticism, their thought has so far been addressed in this context, and according to well-defined and narrow lines of approach: pedagogy and rhetoric for the first, law for the second. Our approach is to question their work from an original perspective (the thought of human action) and to question at the same time the dialogue or resonances between these two thinkers a priori opposed by academic traditions. In De Disciplinis (1531), then in De anima et vita (1538), Vives systematically creates a theory of human nature from the Aristotelian-Thomist tradition. In this context, Vives considers that human action is based on the investigation of self-knowledge in the Socratic sense of the term. This is the reason, generally speaking, that makes the man a free being in the world but, and this is where his major contribution to the philosophical anthropology of the time lies, he strives to integrate this thought of the man and the determination of action of the soul’s passion that play a central role in his psychology and philosophical anthropology. In these same years, and within the same theological and philosophical tradition, Vitoria in De Beatitudine and in De actibus humanis creates a theory of human action. Through his commentary on Thomas Aquinas's Summa Theologiae, Vitoria thinks of human action in the context of the discovery of the New World and in the will to respect and not to neglect the complexity of human nature. This thought thus manages to renew the anthropology from a theological point of view by enriching the humanist tradition contribution in which Vitoria was also formed. I will try to determine how these two philosophers show a common desire to renew the anthropological thought to a better consideration of the human body and complexity to better ensure human action. This is a matter of utmost importance in the context of the Reformation-driven breakdown of the Church and the debate over the question of the man’s justification. My ambition is therefore to reintegrate the philosophy of action developed by Spanish philosophers into the history of ideas tradition that prepares modernity on the moral, legal, psychological and anthropological levels
El estudio de la filosofía española es tradicionalmente descuidado por las tradiciones académicas e historiográficas europeas. Sin embargo, está lejos de cualquier controversia, una tradición filosófica que existe y ha hecho ricas contribuciones a la filosofía clásica europea. El pensamiento filosófico desarrollado en el siglo XVI en España, durante el Renacimiento, es particularmente rico y fructífero. Entre los diversos temas que se abordan, planeo analizar una pregunta que ocupa particularmente las mentes en ese momento, a saber, la filosofía de la acción que trata con originalidad a dos autores principales del Renacimiento español: el filósofo y humanista valenciano Juan Luis Vives (1492- 1540) y el teólogo y jurista Francisco de Vitoria (1486-1546). Considerados tanto como representantes del humanismo cristiano y de la segunda escolástica, su pensamiento hasta ahora ha sido abordado en este contexto, y de acuerdo con líneas de enfoque bien definidas y estrechas: pedagogía y retórica para el primero, derecho para el segundo. Mi enfoque es cuestionar sus trabajos desde una perspectiva original (el pensamiento de la acción humana) y cuestionar al mismo tiempo el diálogo o las resonancias entre estos dos pensadores a priori opuestos por las tradiciones académicas. En De Disciplinis (1531), luego en De anima et vita (1538), Vives crea sistemáticamente una teoría de la naturaleza humana a partir de la tradición aristotélico-tomista. En este contexto, Vives considera que la acción humana se basa en la investigación del autoconocimiento en el sentido socrático del término. Esta es la razón, en general, que hace del hombre un ser libre en el mundo pero, y aquí es donde radica su mayor contribución a la antropología filosófica de la época, se esfuerza por integrar este pensamiento del hombre y la determinación de la acción, de las pasiones del alma que juegan un papel central en su psicología y antropología filosófica. En estos mismos años, y dentro de la misma tradición teológica y filosófica, Vitoria en De Beatitudine y en De actibus humanis crea una teoría de la acción humana. A través de su comentario de la Summa Theologiae de Tomás de Aquino, Vitoria piensa en la acción humana en el contexto del descubrimiento del Nuevo Mundo y en la voluntad de respetar y no descuidar la complejidad de la naturaleza humana. Este pensamiento logra así renovar la antropología desde un punto de vista teológico al enriquecer la contribución de la tradición humanista en la que también se formó Vitoria. Trataré de determinar cómo estos dos filósofos muestran un deseo común de renovar el pensamiento antropológico a una mejor consideración del cuerpo humano y la complejidad para garantizar mejor la acción humana. Este es un asunto de suma importancia en el contexto del colapso de la Iglesia impulsado por la Reforma y el debate sobre la cuestión de la justificación del hombre. Por lo tanto, mi ambición es reintegrar la filosofía de la acción desarrollada por los filósofos españoles en la tradición de la historia de las ideas que prepara la modernidad en los niveles moral, jurídico, psicológico y antropológico
O estudo da filosofia espanhola é tradicionalmente negligenciado pelas tradições acadêmicas e historiográficas europeias. É, no entanto, longe de qualquer controvérsia, uma tradição filosófica que existe e deu ricas contribuições à filosofia clássica europeia. O pensamento filosófico desenvolvido no século XVI na Espanha, durante o Renascimento, é particularmente rico e frutífero. Entre os vários tópicos abordados, pretendo analisar uma questão que ocupa particularmente as mentes da época, a saber, a filosofia da ação que trata com originalidade dois grandes autores do Renascimento espanhol: o filósofo e humanista valenciano Juan Luis Vives (1492- 1540) e o teólogo e jurista Francisco de Vitoria (1486-1546). Considerados como representantes do humanismo cristão e da segunda escolástica, seu pensamento até agora foi abordado neste contexto e de acordo com linhas de abordagem bem definidas e estreitas: pedagogia e retórica para o primeiro, direito para o segundo. Minha abordagem investigativa é analisar seus trabalhos a partir de uma perspectiva original (o pensamento da ação humana) e, ao mesmo tempo, questionar o diálogo ou as ressonâncias entre esses dois pensadores a priori, opostos pelas tradições acadêmicas. No De Disciplinis (1531), depois no De anima et vita (1538), Vives cria uma sistemática teoria da natureza humana a partir da tradição aristotélico-tomista. Nesse contexto, Vives considera que a ação humana se baseia na investigação do autoconhecimento no sentido socrático do termo. Esta é a razão, de um modo geral, que faz do homem um ser livre no mundo, mas, e é aí que reside sua maior contribuição para a antropologia filosófica da época, pois ele se esforça para integrar esse pensamento do homem, a determinação das ações, das paixões da alma que desempenham um papel central em sua psicologia e antropologia filosófica. Nesse mesmo período histórico, e dentro da mesma tradição teológica e filosófica, Vitoria no De Beatitudine e no De actibus humanis cria uma teoria da ação humana. Através de seus comentários à Summa Theologiae de Tomás de Aquino, Vitoria pensa na ação humana no contexto da descoberta do Novo Mundo e na vontade de respeitar e não negligenciar a complexidade da natureza humana. Assim, esse pensamento consegue renovar a antropologia do ponto de vista teológico, enriquecendo a contribuição da tradição humanista na qual também se formou Vitoria. Tentarei determinar como esses dois filósofos mostram um desejo comum de renovar o pensamento antropológico para uma melhor consideração do corpo humano e da sua complexidade, a fim de garantir e fundamentar melhor a ação humana. Esta é uma questão de extrema importância no contexto do colapso da Igreja impulsionado pela reforma e no debate sobre a questão da justificação do homem. Minha ambição é, portanto, reintegrar a filosofia ou teoria da ação desenvolvida pelos filósofos espanhóis na tradição da história das ideias que prepara a modernidade nos níveis moral, jurídico, psicológico e antropológico
Doria, C. "FILOSOFIA, POLITICA E MORALE NEL PENSIERO DI PIERRE PAUL ROYER-COLLARD (1763-1845)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/203149.
Full textLhostis, Nathalie. "Dramaturgie et morale dans les comédies de Ménandre et de Plaute. La question de l'axiologie." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0860.
Full textThis study, entitled “dramaturgy and morals”, looks at the dramatization of moral values in the comedies of Menander and Plautus. I employ an approach that identifies which values are evoked and looks at how they are conveyed and structured in relation to one another. The aim is to analyse how they are treated and the place that is accorded to them. Are they subjected to reflection, affirmed, or critiqued? Thus what is at stake is less about finding the “morals” in the plays or their supposed moral message, but rather delineating the architectonics of values in these comedies. This study will focus more specifically on axiology, that is to say the form that moral evaluation takes in the comedies of Menander and Plautus. According to which criteria is this evaluation carried out? What is at stake in this evaluation?The concept of value, as it appears in the comedies of Menander and Plautus, entails essentially three domains: the material, the symbolic, and the ethical. The issue at hand is understanding how they are conceived of and related to one another in the comedies of Menander and Plautus. Such a perspective intersects with the question of the relationship between personal interest and the interests of others, a key concern in Ancient philosophy which seeks to discover to what extent an ethical agent is obliged to take into consideration others in order to achieve happiness. The first section is concerned with the concepts of moral values and trade. It looks at two types of trade: commercial trade, which outlines the primacy of utilitarian morals, and communal trade, which is based on co-operative values. The second section deals with the idea of contravention. It examines the procedures used to judge a particular action. The third section looks at comedy as ethical experimentation
Le, Forestier Nadine. "Les Passeurs de mots. Une éthique philosophique du soin : à propos d’une enquête nationale au sein des Centres SLA de France." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T098/document.
Full textThe teaching of Doctor-Patient relationship, in particular in making announcement of the diagnosis, makes progress in the Faculties of Medicine. But in practice, communicating the thruth of a disease with fatal issue remains a distressing time because still badly told. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a motor neuron disease, is the most pejorative diagnosis to make in Neurology. In the controversy surrounding the time of the announcement of the diagnosis, and, by examining the results of 203 ALS Patients’ and their Caregivers’ questionnaires, we compare with the results of 38 ALS Centre Neurologists’ interviews. Through bringing an epistemological, ethical and philosophical analysis into focus, we argue that, in the rational multidisciplinary of the care in a rapid and incurable disease, the evolution of the clearly medical information changes the Doctor-Patient relationship into a moral injunction of presence for the Caregivers and the families. Only through the training of Doctors and a certain conception of Patient information in palliative care can the harmful consequences of such a trend be limited
Sultan, Élise. "Les romans libertins du XVIIIe siècle ou la philosophie des sens dessus dessous." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H211/document.
Full textLibertine novels are not only pornography. During the 18th century, they are at the root of a philosophical and literary device, where fiction reflects and inspires reflection. Although the body of Libertine novels from Crébillon's Sylphe ( 1730) to Sade's Juliette ( 1797) is very diverse, the scam that runs through it is a distinctive oscillation between erotic scenes and philosophical debates. Rather than rewriting philosophical theories, the Libertine novels offer a literary way to philophize. Those novels offer experiences to the reader. Shilling philosophy towards the “boudoir”, the Libertine novel reconcile body and mind, theory and practice
Geragotis, Stratos. "Le rôle de la justice politique dans la formation de la République selon Aristote." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212515.
Full textLandon, Nadège. ""L'usage, le monde et ma propre experience ne m'ont que trop appris" : Lire Anne-Therese de Lambert." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES025.
Full textIf Anne-Thérèse de Lambert (1647 – 1733) is ignored nowadays as an author, it’s because of an historiographical tradition that overrated her rank as a society woman compared to her literary work. However, she endeavoured for a lifetime to reconcile her position as an aristocrat and and her literary ambitions, while respecting conventions. Little by little, she built herself a unique stance as a society woman and a scholar. This helped her to hold some power in the sociability networks and in various institutions and to build a way of seeing the world. She reflects on the society she knows well, highlights inequalities and questions habits and biases, that she believed are harmful. While doing that, she builds a moral that fosters everyone to live for themselves, to thrive in the world and to be happy. More than an improvement of values, she mostly tries to understand the possibilities of an individual and collective happiness. Therefore, she expresses progressive ideas that are based on a strong culture and that also deploy to a challenging intellectual context , in the 1690s-1730s, which she develops by always debating and discussing with her contemporaries
Kabisa, Bular Pawen Jean-Baptiste. "L'idée weilienne de l'état mondial: un procès de légitimation d'un ordre social supranational." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212123.
Full textTusino, Silvia. "Il concetto di cura tra etica e medicina. Un'analisi del contributo dell'etica della cura alla filosofia morale e alla bioetica clinica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423485.
Full textA partire dalla pubblicazione dell’opera di Carol Gilligan “In a Different Voice” (1982) il dibattito sull’etica della cura si è ricavato un notevole spazio in filosofia morale e in bioetica. Nonostante le critiche mosse a tale approccio, ancor oggi la possibilità di fondare un’etica basata sul concetto di cura attira grande interesse, soprattutto in bioetica clinica. Identificando uno dei principali motivi di tale interesse nelle potenzialità applicative del concetto di cura in riferimento al contesto sanitario, questo lavoro di ricerca mira a delineare un modello di etica clinica incentrato sull’idea di cura. Il punto di partenza è un’analisi dell’etica della cura come teoria morale. Tale analisi si articola in tre parti: un esame critico dell’etica femminista della cura; un inquadramento storico-genealogico del concetto di cura; l’esplicitazione di alcune importanti dimensioni antropologiche rivelate dall’esperienza di cura. Nonostante i limiti dell’etica della cura come teoria morale comprensiva, il concetto di cura presenta un indubbio rilievo morale e notevoli potenzialità applicative, specialmente in virtù del suo essere la descrizione di una pratica e grazie alle sue valenze antropologiche. In particolare, il concetto di cura è in grado di rendere giustizia alla complessità della pratica clinica, intesa come pratica profondamente umana e relazionale. Inoltre, poiché mette in luce alcune dimensioni antropologiche essenziali ma spesso trascurate, come vulnerabilità e relazionalità, l’approccio della cura offre un contributo davvero originale alla medicina e alla sanità, soprattutto perché permette di rispondere ai bisogni assistenziali inediti che derivano dalle nuove tendenze epidemiologiche.
Hiéronimus, Gilles. "L'imagination du mouvement dans la poétique de Gaston Bachelard." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3023.
Full textBy focusing on systematically studying "the imagination of movement" (subtitle of the 1943 book entitled The air and dreams), this thesis is primarily intended to show that a true philosophy unfolds through the poetics of Gaston Bachelard.The latter links in a new way, in a dynamic perspective, a theory and practice of imagination whose scope far exceeds the framework of a psychology of daydream and creative writing, to which it remains too often reduced: the philosopher shows that the images of different movement that animate the natural world (material, plant, animal) open the subject to structuring experience of an elementary verticality whose energy challenges and builds his own psycho-physical verticality. The detailed study of imaginative movement allows to unveil, beyond an original psychology, the ontological, anthropological and ethical meanings of bachelardian imagination.This study involves the implementation of a singular dynamic micro-phenomenology, allowing attention to focus on the cognitive, kinesthesic and affective dimensions of images, and through which the act of "seeing" in imagination (Part one : Seeing : The Movement Image) deepens - in a gradual incarnation – towards body movement (Second part : Moving : the images of motricity) and then towards "being moved" (Part Three : the images of emotion). However, far from locking away the subject in any form of psychological immanence, the focus of attention is intensifying its presence in the world as others and, thereby, involves an "action" (Part Four: Acting : the images of action) structured by the dynamic of verticality.Bachelard’s poetics therefore delivers a complete philosophy, underpinned by concrete practice of the imagination, philosophy whose focus is a demanding ethical verticality, anxious to direct all our movements in the sense of an increased existence
ROVATI, ALESSANDRO. "Liberalismo, Neutralità dello Stato e la Politica della Chiesa. Filosofia Morale e Teologia Politica nel lavoro di Stanley Hauerwas." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6156.
Full textThe dissertation provides an in-depth analysis of the scholarship of Stanley Hauerwas, a very prominent figure in the American academy whose body of work is widely read in many countries. By providing a close reading of Hauerwas’ entire corpus, the dissertation aims at discussing the contested relationship between Christianity and liberalism. It does so first, by focusing on the philosophical presuppositions that shape Hauerwas’ overall argument. Second, it reflects on the main liberal commitments and institutions and their relationship with Christianity. Third, it describes Hauerwas’ ethical proposal and its bearings on the political commitments that the church and Christians ought to have. Following the breadth of Hauerwas’ work, the dissertation deals with a great number of philosophers, political theorists, and theologians, spanning from the writings of Aristotle and Aquinas, to the philosophy of language of McCabe, Murdoch, and Wittgenstein, to the ethical reflections of Kovesi, Anscombe and MacIntyre, and to the political theory of Rawls, Stout, and Coles. Through his stress on the role of virtues and moral formation, and by emphasizing the importance that the church’s tradition, language, and practices have in shaping the imagination and lives of Christians, Hauerwas gives a constructive and fruitful description of what a genuine Christian politics looks like and helps us navigate the complex world of today.
ROVATI, ALESSANDRO. "Liberalismo, Neutralità dello Stato e la Politica della Chiesa. Filosofia Morale e Teologia Politica nel lavoro di Stanley Hauerwas." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6156.
Full textThe dissertation provides an in-depth analysis of the scholarship of Stanley Hauerwas, a very prominent figure in the American academy whose body of work is widely read in many countries. By providing a close reading of Hauerwas’ entire corpus, the dissertation aims at discussing the contested relationship between Christianity and liberalism. It does so first, by focusing on the philosophical presuppositions that shape Hauerwas’ overall argument. Second, it reflects on the main liberal commitments and institutions and their relationship with Christianity. Third, it describes Hauerwas’ ethical proposal and its bearings on the political commitments that the church and Christians ought to have. Following the breadth of Hauerwas’ work, the dissertation deals with a great number of philosophers, political theorists, and theologians, spanning from the writings of Aristotle and Aquinas, to the philosophy of language of McCabe, Murdoch, and Wittgenstein, to the ethical reflections of Kovesi, Anscombe and MacIntyre, and to the political theory of Rawls, Stout, and Coles. Through his stress on the role of virtues and moral formation, and by emphasizing the importance that the church’s tradition, language, and practices have in shaping the imagination and lives of Christians, Hauerwas gives a constructive and fruitful description of what a genuine Christian politics looks like and helps us navigate the complex world of today.
Agam-Segal, Reshef. "Cora Diamond's Moral Philosophy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486964.
Full textJohnston, P. "Wittgenstein and moral philosophy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375906.
Full textTshabalala, Ntathakusa P. "The relationship between courage and personal moral philosophy in a morally intense situation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52335.
Full textMini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
ms2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
Zilio, Federico. "The Problems of Consciousness and its Relationship with the World: An Investigation between Philosophy and Neuroscience." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424671.
Full textKalfa, Ariane. "Philosopher après Auschwitz : penser la morale au XXe siècle." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010513.
Full textThe xx century has known an historical disaster which raises serious questions for the subject of philosophical inquiry. Actually, Auschwitz is a "caesura" between a "past" and a "future". Never before today has mankind known such a defeate. Given this defeat, it seemed at the begining that philosophy had abdicated its role because philosophical concepts were thrown back from the silence, removing from a philosophical discourse all its meaning. It is therefore incumbent upon us to return to a new philosophical critique but also to return to a philosophy of moral consciousness. It seems that it is the end of philosophy; however, never more than today it has been confronted with the exisgency of its survival. Then, how to construct a philosophical discourse which has a meaning after Auschwitz? First, we must analyse the meaning of otherness and barbarism to understand the task of philosophy. In order, to begin to reconstruct a new discourse of philosophy, we must first analyse the principal dimensions of the question of antisemitism. Then, we have discovered that the entisemitism is the metonymy of the problematic of harm as human spitefulness. It is a moral question in which humanity must think
Markey, Bren April. "Feminist methodologies in moral philosophy." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9107.
Full textUpton, H. R. "Moral theories and applied philosophy." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639288.
Full textTang, Siu-Fu. "Modernity and Xunzi's moral philosophy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442907.
Full textTurner, Jonathan. "Political theory as moral philosophy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9b47b083-30aa-411d-a100-29aee7c34a3b.
Full textThomas, Geoffrey. "The moral philosophy of T.H. Green." Oxford [Oxfordshire] : New York : Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press, 1987. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0638/87031328-d.html.
Full textO'Connor, Patricia Jo. "The moral philosophy of Iris Murdoch." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253061.
Full textCossette, Patrick. "Psychologie et philosophie morale de Skinner." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2241170R.html.
Full textPryke, Miriam Jean Vivien Eve. "Being reasonably moral : Prichard and the mistake of moral philosophy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/being-reasonably-moral(3232777f-b36b-432e-8339-01c932d7cf32).html.
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