Relevant bibliographies by topics / Moral foundation theory

Academic literature on the topic 'Moral foundation theory'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Moral foundation theory"

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Garvey, Kilian James, and Timothy G. Ford. "Rationality, Political Orientation, and the Individualizing and Binding Moral Foundations." Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science 5, no. 1 (March 6, 2014): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5178/lebs.2014.29.

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Is moral cognition rational or intuitive? This paper tests two competing theories of moral cognition: rational (i.e., Piaget and Kohlberg) vs. intuitive (i.e., Shweder and Haidt) through an investigation of the relationships of each to Haidt’s pluralistic moral theory. This theory claims that, in addition to an individualizing foundation (i.e., justice and harm avoidance), morality also includes a binding foundation (i.e., group and authority deference). Three-hundred and seventy-one undergraduates from two colleges in Maine (USA) completed a survey comprised of measures of rational and intuitive cognition, political orientation, disgust sensitivity, and the individualizing and binding moral foundations. The study found that rational thinking was the strongest predictor for both of the individualizing (harm/care and fairness/reciprocity) and two of the three binding moral foundations (ingroup/loyalty and authority/respect). Political orientation and disgust sensitivity, found in past studies to be related to these two moral foundation subscales were related, but more weakly, relative to rationality. While Haidt claims that moral cognition is intuitive, we found a more complex picture: low rational and high intuitive scores are characteristic of the binding moral foundations but the opposite is true of the individualizing moral foundations.
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Landmann, Helen, and Ursula Hess. "Testing moral foundation theory: Are specific moral emotions elicited by specific moral transgressions?" Journal of Moral Education 47, no. 1 (August 3, 2017): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2017.1350569.

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Voorzanger, B. "Evolutionary theory and the foundation of moral principles." Human Evolution 5, no. 2 (April 1990): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02435467.

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Milesi, Patrizia, and Augusta Isabella Alberici. "Pluralistic morality and collective action: The role of moral foundations." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430216675707.

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Starting from the pluralistic view of morality proposed by the moral foundations theory, this paper aims at highlighting the plurality of personal moral concerns that may drive people to collective action and at investigating how they are connected with other personal and group-based motivations to act (i.e., moral obligation, moral convictions, politicized group identity, group efficacy, and group-based anger). Moral foundations can be distinguished into individualizing foundations, aimed at protecting individual rights and well-being; and binding foundations, aimed at tightening people into ordered communities. We expected that collective action intention would be most strongly associated with an individualizing foundation in equality-focused movements, and with a binding foundation in conformity-focused ones. Four studies that examined activists of both liberal and conservative movements confirmed these expectations. The relevant foundations predicted collective action mainly through the mediation of moral obligation and politicized identity, but they also had some effects above and beyond them.
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Turk, Žiga. "Subsidiarity and the moral foundations of populism." European View 18, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685819838122.

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Across Europe there is growing concern about populism. In this article populism is analysed through the lens of Jonathan Haidt’s moral foundation theory. People make choices, including political choices, based on their morals. Political families also base their policies on moral foundations. The article analyses this phenomenon and identifies both the opportunities it provides for the European People’s Party (EPP) and the threats it poses. The opportunities have to do with a special feature of conservative parties: they address the entire spectrum of moral foundations while other political families specialise in one or just a few of those foundations—this is even truer of populists. This factor also forms the threat to the EPP: while others can specialise, the EPP family must stay balanced and broad. The other way to address populism is through subsidiarity—the closer people are to decisions, the less abstract they are and the less they are guided by moral foundations, and thus there is less opportunity for populism.
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Ahluwalia, Amrita. "‘Let your conscience be your guide’: Using Moral Foundations Theory to further understanding of moral intuitions." PsyPag Quarterly 1, no. 97 (December 2015): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpspag.2015.1.97.40.

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Moral Foundation Theory (MFT) was coined by a group of social and cultural psychologists. This theory proposes that several innate sets of moral concerns or ‘foundations’ underpin moral judgment. Theoretically, MFT posits that moral judgments tend to be intuitive and affective. Nonetheless, despite this commitment to intuitionism, most MFT research is conducted using self-report measures. Where work has examined intuitive processes, this tends to explore foundations in isolation and, therefore, does not provide an understanding of how an individual’s moral intuitions relate to one another and to their deliberated moral judgements. MFT makes an important contribution to social psychology by seeking to explain the diversity of moral beliefs and values found across people and cultures. However, there are still significant gaps in MFT research. This paper outlines the need to develop ways of mapping moral intuitions within the context of MFT.
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Braicovich, Rodrigo Sebastián. "Under- and Overspecification in Moral Foundation Theory. The Problematic Search for a Moderate Version of Innatism." Revista de Humanidades de Valparaíso, no. 19 (June 10, 2022): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rhv2022iss19pp163-179.

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Jonathan Haidt’s Moral Foundation Theory has been criticized on many fronts, mainly on account of its lack of evidence concerning the genetic and neurological bases of the evolved moral intuitions that the theory posits. Despite the fact that Haidt’s theory is probably the most promising framework from which to integrate the different lines of interdisciplinary research that deal with the evolutionary foundations of moral psychology, i) it also shows a critical underspecification concerning the precise mental processes that instantiate the triggering of our evolved moral intuitions, and that ii) that underspecification coexists with and overspecification of the structure of human nature when it comes to exploring alternatives to capitalist societies.
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Du, Jun. "Validation of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire with three Chinese ethnic groups." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 47, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8009.

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Moral foundations theory is claimed to be universally applicable and is classified into 5 foundations of morality: care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, respect/subversion, and purity/degradation. This theory has not been tested in the Eastern cultural context. Therefore, in this study I addressed this lack in the context of China, where there are people of a number of different ethnicities. I adopted the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, which was completed by 761 Chinese of Han, Uygur, and Tibetan ethnicity. The results show that there was no gender difference in morality foundation scores, but the differences among ethnic groups were significant: Tibetans scored lower than did Han and Uygur in care and fairness, and Uygur scored higher than Han and Tibetans did in loyalty, respect, and purity. The interactions between gender and ethnic group were significant for care, fairness, and respect. These findings suggest that moral foundations theory is applicable to China, that the Moral Foundations Questionnaire can also be partially applied to Chinese, and that ethnicity is an influential factor when people make moral judgments.
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Brunsveld, Niek. "God en moraal, ontdekking of uitvinding? Kritische analyse van Gerrit Manenschijns fundering van de morele en geloofswerkelijkheid." NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion 62, no. 2 (May 18, 2008): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ntt2008.62.123.brun.

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In his book God is so great that He doesn’t have to exist, Gerrit Manenschijn claims that God exists in language. Religious language consists of metaphors and has a performative rather than a descriptive nature. Since religious reality is an invention rather than a discovery we cannot make truth-claims about God and other religious entities. Although Manenschijn claims that moral reality takes shape in the same way, there is a difference on the level of their foundations: religious reality rests on existential questions, whereas moral reality rests on moral sentiments. This enables morality to make truth-claims. When altered in such a way that his view on the foundation of moral reality matches the foundation of religious reality, Manenschijn’s theory not only becomes coherent but also provides us with a persuasive theory of Christian theology and morality which is in accordance with influential contemporary views on language and epistemology.
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Prince, Melvin, Attila N. Yaprak, and Dayananda Palihawadana. "The moral bases of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer cosmopolitanism as purchase dispositions." Journal of Consumer Marketing 36, no. 3 (May 13, 2019): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-11-2017-2432.

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Purpose This paper aims to develop a model that explains the moral bases of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer cosmopolitanism as purchase dispositions. The authors build their work on moral foundations theory and the social theories of Emile Durkheim. Design/methodology/approach Theory-building from general theories of motivation is grounded in cultural norms, and empirical research is conducted to test theoretical propositions. Findings The focus is on the theoretical implications of binding or individualism morals of consumers within social groups. Consequently, variables in the model relate to ethical themes of community, autonomy and divinity. This theory posits that, for a variety of considerations, loyalty has a direct and positive effect on consumer ethnocentrism and on consumer cosmopolitanism. Serendipitously, other moral foundations have negative effects. The authors theorize that negative relationships exist between authority and consumer cosmopolitanism, and between sanctity and consumer ethnocentrism. This model also illustrates that consumer ethnocentrism positively predisposes favorable domestic product judgments. Research limitations/implications New ethical factors in consumer dispositions affecting product purchase decisions are explored. Hypotheses can be empirically replicated and moderated in future research. Practical implications Marketers can use the variables of personal values, moral foundations and gender role identity to fashion marketing communications and to target selective consumer segments. Social implications The persuasion process of social marketing will be enhanced by understanding relevant motives. Originality/value The use of the fine-grained moral foundation antecedents to predict consumer predispositions of ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism is without precedent.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Moral foundation theory"

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Goldstein, Daniel M. (Daniel Michael). "Medicine as practical wisdom : an old foundation for a new way of thinking in biomedical ethics." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22372.

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This inquiry suggests a new epistemological foundation for understanding and discernment in biomedical ethics. This foundation, based on Aristotle's phronesis or practical wisdom, contains elements of the lived human experience which are seen as essential aspects of ethical, as well as medical, deliberation. The Aristotelian intellectual virtues of theoria and phronesis, used as "ideal types" of rationality, provide epistemological prejudices that structure two distinct ways of thinking. With this distinction, an alternative to certain dominant trends within biomedical ethics arises as phronesis provides more human centered prejudices for understanding. In conclusion, we shall see, using the doctrine of informed consent, that a phronetic rationality allows different, more humane meanings to come into being. Phronesis, it will be argued, provides a mode of rationality which promotes compassion and engagement in both ethics and medicine and consequently, is the more appropriate way of thinking in these important human practices.
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Burgoon, Jacob N. "The Moral Foundations of Teaching: Measuring Teachers' Implicit Moral Beliefs." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1544787174462244.

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Wilson-Hart, Jessica H. "Culture Wars: Explaining Congressional Partisanship and Organizational Dysfunction Through Moral Foundations Theory." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2244.

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The focus of this study was the organizational working environment and existing partisanship evident in the United States Congress. There has been a reduction in the number of laws passed over the last 30 years from a high of over 1,000 to a low of around 120, with a period of complete government shutdown in 2013. This qualitative research utilized qualitative content analysis to discover the nature of partisan conflict as demonstrated by 6 members of Congress. The conceptual framework for this study was moral foundations theory. Different moral principles held by Democrats and Republicans were studied as a possible explanation for the inability of one end of the political spectrum to identify with, work with, and comprehend the belief systems of the other. Archival video data for each participant was viewed on C-Span and related transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Emerging themes were then inductively coded in order to understand the nature of the partisan conflict in Congress. Results demonstrate that Republicans and Democrats rely on different sets of moral foundations and that there is limited crossover between those who occupy the extreme ends of the ideological continuum. This lack of crossover essentially leads members with differing ideology and moral foundations to not comprehend the moral message of their opponents. With this knowledge, political strategists can help to develop communication and political approaches that take into consideration the moral foundations of ideological opponents. Social change implications include improved understanding of the ideological stance of members of the opposing party and improved working relationships in Congress, resulting in an organizational working environment that is less conflicted.
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Pagano, Dario. "Diritti naturali e Diritti Umani." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100036/document.

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Cette thèse a pour but de comprendre si les droits humains contemporains sont les équivalents des droits naturels affirmés à l’époque moderne. En un premier temps, les conceptions contemporaines sur la nature des droits humains sont étudiées, en particulier les conceptions qui reconstruisent le sens des droits de l’homme à partir des positions ontologiques. En un second temps, une reconstruction de cette comparaison est mise en évidence sous trois perspectives : l’idée des droits naturels, le concept des droits naturels et les théories des droits naturels. Enfin, une fois mis en évidence les aspects significatifs de ces catégories, on procède à leur comparaison, en soulignant les points de continuité entre droits humains et droits naturels et les différences qui séparent leur chemin
The aim of this work concerns the relation between human rights and natural rights, in order to understand if human rights are those natural rights affirmed in the modern age. First of all, we analyse the contemporary conceptions about human rights nature, especially those which find their meaning from ontological positions. Secondly, we reconstruct the term of this comparison from three perspectives : the idea of natural rights, the concept of natural rights, the theories of natural rights. At last, after the individuation of relevants aspects between both categories, we compare them, highlighting the common points and the differences that separate their path
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Sinclair, Neil Stuart. "Propositional clothing and moral content : the foundations of expressivism as a meta-ethical theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613844.

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Blahunka, Natalie Jane. "The Impact of Intentions and Omissions On Moral Judgments Across Domains." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:102257.

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Thesis advisor: Liane Young
Thesis advisor: James Dungan
Moral psychologists disagree over whether descriptively different moral violations represent distinct cognitive domains or are in fact unified by common cognitive mechanisms. The Moral Foundations Theory (MFT; Haidt, 2007) offers five different domains of moral transgressions: Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity. Both intentionality and omission bias (e.g. omissions such as letting someone die being judged less harshly than actions such as killing someone) have been shown to impact moral judgments; however, it remains unclear how these rules modulate judgments across moral transgressions of various types. Here, we investigate the role of intentionality and omission bias across different moral violations to determine if the divide between moral domains represent true cognitive, (as opposed to descriptive), differences. We utilized a 2 x 2 x 5 design to create stories across the 5 domains posited by MFT that were intentional/accidental cases of actions/omissions. Importantly, this study also looks at four distinct moral judgments of wrongness, responsibility, blameworthiness, and punishment to assess the role of these rules across judgments. We found that intent and action play different roles across judgments, particularly when comparing wrongness and punishment. Intent seems to matter more for wrongness, whereas action matters more for punishment. Further, these rules also differ across domains. We found that intent matters more for the individualizing foundations of harm and fairness (versus the binding foundations of ingroup, authority, and purity) in judgments of wrongness and punishment. The difference between action and omission is also more important for the individualizing foundations for punishment. These data suggest intentionality and omission bias manifest themselves uniquely across moral judgments and domains and provide evidence that there are meaningful differences between domains
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: Psychology Honors Program
Discipline: Psychology
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Araujo, Marcelo de. "Scepticism, freedom and autonomy : a study of the moral foundations of Descartes' theory of knowledge /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39088570r.

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Malone, Christopher David. "The foundations of international political virtue." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0f14f2a6-0d49-4c8d-8ebb-cb5af2cc444d.

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This thesis provides the theoretical groundwork for a 'virtue ethical' account of international political conduct. The project begins by investigating the distinct patterns of normative theorising within international scholarship, noting not only that moral philosophical foundations are unpronounced and interchangeable, but that even in this diminished capacity the influence of virtue ethical thought is limited and fragmentary relative to its competitors. Redressing this underrepresentation is thus dually motivated: developing a fresh perspective on important global issues, whilst also subjecting the theory to an atypical angle of scrutiny. Adapting virtue ethics to the international realm requires, most essentially, that we settle the level at which its concepts should be applied. Can the theory’s central focus on character be reconciled with the collective nature of global political interaction? Can we accurately ascribe virtues and vices to governments and states? These questions of group agency form the heart of thesis investigation. Beginning from abstract foundations, the possible justification for such ascriptions is sought in competing theories of joint action and attitude. The 'individualist' accounts of Searle and Bratman are ultimately rejected in favour of Gilbert's non-reductive 'plural subject' theory, and - presenting group-level accounts of intention, motivation, practical wisdom, emotion and disposition around her concept of 'joint commitment' - a general model of collective character is constructed. Allied to additional requirements of moral responsibility, this framework is then used to assess the virtue-capability of actual political bodies, considering the decision-making hierarchy of the United Kingdom as a case study for the modern state. Tracing the route of policy authorisation across cabinet, government and parliament, a sophisticated yet ultimately impermanent picture of group-virtue-ethical agency is established, in tension with the notion of enduring state liability. By shifting focus to the national level, it is argued that this fluctuating footprint of agency can nevertheless be unified, modifying Gilbert’s notion of a 'population joint commitment' to tie institutional virtue and vice to a persisting state identity. This provides a template for international character evaluation.
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Rampy, Nolan. "Intuitions or Informational Assumptions? An Investigation of the Psychological Factors Behind Moral Judgments." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/446.

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There is an ongoing debate among psychologists regarding the psychological factors underlying moral judgments. Rationalists argue that informational assumptions (i.e. ideological beliefs about how the world works) play a causal role in shaping moral judgments whereas intuitionists argue that informational assumptions are post hoc justifications for judgments made automatically by innate intuitions. In order to compare these two perspectives, the author conducted two studies in which informational assumptions related to ingroups and outgroups varied across conditions. In Study 1, political conservatives and liberals completed the moral relevance questionnaire while imagining they were in the US, Iran, or no specific country. Keeping in line with the predictions of the intuitionist perspective, the results showed that the judgments of conservatives and liberals did not significantly differ across conditions. Study 2 used a more in depth manipulation in which participants read a vignette about a government (US, Iran, or the fictional country of Kasbara) violating the rights of a minority group. As in Study 1, the results support the intuitionist perspective--the judgments of conservatives and liberals did not significantly differ across conditions. These findings play a small part in clarifying the role of informational assumptions in moral judgments.
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Hurst, Kristin Frances. "Identity, Intergroup Relationships, and Environmental Conflict." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89333.

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This dissertation explores strategies for addressing identity-related barriers to environmental problem-solving through the lens of two social-psychological theories: self-affirmation theory and moral foundations theory. Through one theoretical review, two online experiments and one in-lab experiment I explore, integrate and test theoretically grounded strategies for reducing the defensive information processing that can exacerbate intergroup divisions in multi-stakeholder settings. The specific objectives of this dissertation are to 1) integrate self-affirmation theory and moral foundations theory into the current knowledge about collaborative conservation (Chapter 2), 2) evaluate ways of tailoring environmental communication to better reach socially and politically diverse audiences (Chapter 3), and 3) experimentally test the effectiveness of an approach, based on self-affirmation theory, to facilitate productive discussion of complex, value-laden issues in group settings. Before presenting the results of this work, I provide a broad overview of the problem of group-based divisions in environmental conflict and the theoretical underpinnings of the dissertation (Chapter 1). Finally, I summarize the results and discuss the broader implications of the research (Chapter 5). The results of this research offer initial insights into how tools grounded in these theories can most effectively be applied to help alleviate identity-based barriers to environmental problem-solving.
Doctor of Philosophy
This dissertation explores strategies for addressing identity-related barriers to environmental problem-solving through the lens of two social-psychological theories: self-affirmation theory and moral foundations theory. Through one theoretical review, two online experiments and one in-lab experiment I explore, integrate and test theoretically grounded strategies for reducing the defensive information processing that can exacerbate intergroup divisions in multi-stakeholder settings. The specific objectives of this dissertation are to 1) integrate self-affirmation theory and moral foundations theory into the current knowledge about collaborative conservation (Chapter 2), 2) evaluate ways of tailoring environmental communication to better reach socially and politically diverse audiences (Chapter 3), and 3) experimentally test the effectiveness of an approach, based on self-affirmation theory, to facilitate productive discussion of complex, value-laden issues in group settings. Before presenting the results of this work, I provide a broad overview of the problem of group-based divisions in environmental conflict and the theoretical underpinnings of the dissertation (Chapter 1). Finally, I summarize the results and discuss the broader implications of the research (Chapter 5). The results of this research offer initial insights into how tools grounded in these theories can most effectively be applied to help alleviate identity-based barriers to environmental problem-solving.
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Books on the topic "Moral foundation theory"

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Hahn, Henning. Moral Self-Respect: On the Foundation of a Social-Liberal Theory of Justice. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110212181.

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Allenby, David. Is it possible to provide a meta-ethical foundation for a robust normative moral theory which is both metaphysically and epistemologically acceptable? Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.

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1957-, McCluskey Colleen, and Dyke Christina van 1972-, eds. Aquinas's ethics: Metaphysical foundations, moral theory, and theological context. Notre Dame, Ind: University of Notre Dame Press, 2009.

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1934-, Knowles Richard T., McLean George F, and Council for Research in Values and Philosophy., eds. Psychological foundations of moral education and character development: An integrated theory of moral development. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1986.

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Benhabib, Seyla. Critique, norm, and utopia: A study of the foundations of critical theory. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

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1952-, Conill Sancho Jesús, Luetge Christoph 1969-, and Schoenwaelder-Kuntze Tatjana, eds. Corporate citizenship, contractarianism and ethical theory: On philosophical foundations of business ethics. Hants, England: Ashgate Pub. Company, 2008.

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Peter, Byrne. The philosophical and theological foundations of ethics: An introduction to moral theory and its relation to religious belief. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.

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Peter, Byrne. The philosophical and theological foundations of ethics: An introduction to moral theory and its relation to religious belief. 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

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Adam Smith's system of liberty, wealth, and virtue: The moral and political foundations of The wealth of nations. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.

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Cullity, Garrett. Substantive Moral Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807841.003.0002.

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What is a substantive moral theory? The chapter begins with an answer to this question—one that requires us to distinguish between different kinds of justification in ethics. The sense in which such a theory must have foundations is explained, and the challenges faced by a plural-foundation theory are described. An initial explanation is given of how such a theory could seek to combine insights from rival welfarist, Kantian, contractualist, and perfectionist traditions of moral thought. The book’s epistemological assumptions are laid out.
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Book chapters on the topic "Moral foundation theory"

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Yehezkel, Gal. "A Foundation for a Rationalist Moral Theory." In Philosophical Studies Series, 65–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80583-8_4.

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Hargrave, Timothy J. "Building on Werhane’s Foundation: Toward a Theory of the Morally Imaginative Organization." In The Moral Imagination of Patricia Werhane: A Festschrift, 73–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74292-2_6.

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Okamoto, Yukiko. "The Logical Space of Morality: A Possible Theory for the Foundation of Moral Values." In Husserlian Phenomenology in a New Key, 43–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3450-7_3.

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Simpson, Ain. "Moral Foundations Theory." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 2975–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1253.

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Simpson, Ain. "Moral Foundations Theory." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1253-1.

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Byrne, Peter. "Consequentialist Moral Theory." In The Philosophical and Theological Foundations of Ethics, 63–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27476-5_4.

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Byrne, Peter. "Deontological Moral Theory." In The Philosophical and Theological Foundations of Ethics, 86–107. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27476-5_5.

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Byrne, Peter. "Aretaic Moral Theory." In The Philosophical and Theological Foundations of Ethics, 108–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27476-5_6.

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Byrne, Peter. "Consequentialist Moral Theory." In The Philosophical and Theological Foundations of Ethics, 63–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376465_4.

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Byrne, Peter. "Deontological Moral Theory." In The Philosophical and Theological Foundations of Ethics, 86–107. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376465_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Moral foundation theory"

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Lúcia de Paula Oliveira, Maria. "Compatibility of the moral foundation of Law in Kant with the theory of reflective judgment and the Kantian theory of revolution." In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws59_01.

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Roy, Shamik, and Dan Goldwasser. "Analysis of Nuanced Stances and Sentiment Towards Entities of US Politicians through the Lens of Moral Foundation Theory." In Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Natural Language Processing for Social Media. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.socialnlp-1.1.

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Rezapour, Rezvaneh, Ly Dinh, and Jana Diesner. "Incorporating the Measurement of Moral Foundations Theory into Analyzing Stances on Controversial Topics." In HT '21: 32nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3465336.3475112.

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Glushkova, Svetlana. "Liberal Ideas of B.N. Chicherin: The Past and The Present." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-25.

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Russian liberal heritage, first of all, the scientific works of the famous Russian legal expert Boris Chicherin, is the fundamental basis for the developing science of human rights in modern Russia; it is from this position that this article examines Chicherin’s work. The main purpose of the study is to identify Chicherin’s priorities in shaping new progressive ideas for Russia and to examine the transformation of his views. In examining and analysing Chicherin’s liberal ideas, historical, logical and comparative methods were applied. It has been concluded that Chicherin set the foundation of the liberal theory of human rights, elaborated a set of progressive ideas and a blueprint of reforms, which determined the formation of several generations of liberals in autocratic Russia and are still relevant today. Defending the priority of private law over public law, Chicherin argued: a civil order based on private law must always be free from state absorption. He was among the first in Russia to develop the idea of a constitutional state in relation with the creation of free institutions and the formation of a high intellectual and moral level of society. By developing the new policy of ‘liberal measures and strong state authority’ as an optimal model for Russian state and society, Chicherin gave rise to the formation of political science in Russia. The author believes that the analysis and discussion of Chicherin’s academic writings in university classrooms and at academic conferences contribute to the formation of a culture of human rights, a liberal worldview, a new generation of reformers, and the advancement of the emerging science of human rights.
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Bhattiprolu, Udbhau, Anil K. Bajaj, and Patricia Davies. "Effect of Axial Load on the Response of Beams on Nonlinear Viscoelastic Unilateral Foundations." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35347.

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Flexible polyurethane foams used for cushioning in the furniture and automotive industries serve as foundations and exhibit complex nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. To design systems that incorporate these materials, it is important to model their mechanical behavior and then to predict the dynamic response of such systems. The example of a pinned-pinned beam interacting with a nonlinear viscoelastic foundation is the focus of the present study. The foundation can either react in compression as well as tension (bilateral), or react only in compression (unilateral). In the latter case, the contact regions between the beam and the foundation are not known a priori, and thus the coefficients of the modal equations obtained in a Galerkin approximation solution approach, are functions of the solution as well. It is therefore computationally expensive to predict the dynamic and steady-state response of these structures to static and harmonic loads. For polynomial-type nonlinearities, it is possible to speed up the computation time by using a convolution method to evaluate integral terms in the model. Also, if only the steady-state response is of interest, direct-time integration can be replaced by incremental harmonic balance to make the frequency response predictions more efficient. The effect of axial load and the influence of various parameters e.g., loading configuration, excitation amplitude, linear and nonlinear stiffness, on the response of the beam on unilateral and bilateral foundations are studied.
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Pacheco, Leonardo, Wenjuan Li, and Kazuyuki Tanaka. "On One-Variable Fragments of Modal µ-Calculus." In The 9th International Conference on Computability Theory and Foundations of Mathematics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811259296_0002.

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Brunk, Angie, and Daniel Ireton. "Failures in library website accessibility: A problem of accountability." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001645.

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Not every library can have an accessibility expert on staff while redesigning their website. Every library can, however, develop their own informed personnel. At Kansas State University Libraries, a task force focused on developing and maintaining a new website formed, coinciding with the hire of a librarian who is disabled and experienced in human factors, user experience, and accessibility. This provided an opportunity not only for improved accessibility, but a more nuanced understanding of the needs and experiences of disabled patrons. In this process we learned that lack of accountability is often a significant barrier to libraries designing an accessible website. To successfully design an accessible website, accessibility must be a priority from the beginning of the design process rather than a checklist and fixes applied at the end of the process. A common hurdle to an organization adopting an accessibility focused approach to design is the lack of personnel dedicated specifically to accessibility. All too often, this responsibility becomes dispersed among a team of designers, by which accessibility becomes an afterthought. To paraphrase Bandura (1990), if everybody is in charge, nobody is in charge. At least one person must be tasked with developing knowledge of accessibility and advocating for the needs of disabled users. While everyone on the team responsible for web content development should possess some basic knowledge of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), one person needs to have primary responsibility and accountability. If this individual does not currently have a grounding in disability theory, then developing a basic understanding of disability theory should be their priority. Our literature review would serve as a solid foundation. Just as usability testing should be done with human users, accessibility should be tested by people who both will use the website and use assistive and adaptive technology on a regular basis. Finding disabled users for testing can present some ethical dilemmas. In the United States, for example, information about a student’s disability status is protected by both FERPA AND HIPAA. While this does present a challenge, it is possible to overcome this challenge and find disabled users in an ethical manner. It should be understood when testing website accessibility, the real question is not, for example, “can a blind person use my website,” but rather, “can a person who uses magnification or a screen reader use my website.” Any office or organization on campus that works with disabled students can assist with recruiting volunteers and snowball sampling can be used from there. In this paper we argue that designating one person, who will be held accountable, as responsible for accessibility and advocating for the needs of disabled users is an essential step in creating an accessible library web presence. In addition, we present a viable pathway for a non-expert in accessibility to develop sufficient competency to serve as an advocate for disabled users in the web development process.Bandura, A. (1990) Selective activation and disengagement of moral control. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), 27-46.
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Abdelhamid, Mohamed K., and Patrick F. Cunniff. "Shock Design Rules for the Multi-Foundation Problem." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0215.

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Abstract Dynamic analysis of equipment attached to shock excited vehicles is greatly simplified by spectral analysis. Using the modal shock design values to provide estimates of the maximum values of critical stresses in a base driven structure is a standard procedure used by the Navy for heavy equipment. This paper presents new results for design analysis that uses shock design values for those cases where the points of attachment between the equipment and the vehicle move differently from each other. This problem is commonly labeled the multi-foundation problem. The paper adopts the modal analysis approach and links the design rules of shock design analysis to bounding solutions derived from modal analysis. The design rule proposed for the multiple foundation case in this study requires the availability of the design shock values at different points of attachment between equipment and foundation. The method is easily programmable and can accommodate various equipment foundation models. A series of numerical experiments were conducted to establish a bench mark evaluation for the newly developed design rule. Comparison between the current standard procedures and the new design rule showed that the new rule estimates critical stresses that are closer to their true maximum values thus presenting an improvement over the current standard procedures.
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Grudinin, Nikita. "Reasons and conditions for the contract killing in Russia at the end of XX and at the beginning of the XXI centuries." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-116-125.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the reasons and conditions for the commission of murders for hire. It is noted that contract killings are becoming a common occurrence in such periods of history, which are characterized by economic or political crises, an insufficiently clear and effective system of government, legal nihilism of citizens, the drain of professional personnel from law enforcement agencies, the fall of moral and ethical foundations in society. The author comes to the conclusion that with all the variety of factors causing contract killings, one of their main reasons is the desire for personal gain and the elimination of competitors.
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Dranishnikova, Angela, and Ivan Semenov. "LEGAL ESSENCE OF ANCIENT PROVERBS AND SAYS AND THEIR SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/075-081.

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The national legal system is determined by traditional elements characterizing the culture and customs that exist in the social environment in the form of moral standards and the law. However, the attitude of the population to the letter of the law, as a rule, initially contains negative properties in order to preserve personal freedom, status, position. Therefore, to solve pressing problems of rooting in the minds of society of the elementary foundations of the initial order, and then the rule of law in the public sphere, proverbs and sayings were developed that in essence contained legal educational criteria.
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Reports on the topic "Moral foundation theory"

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Synchak, Bohdan. Freedom of choice and freedom of action in the Ukrainian media. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11400.

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The article talks about the philosophical foundations that characterize the mechanism of internal inducement to action. As an academic, constitutional, and socio-ideological concept, the boundaries of freedom are outlined, which are displayed in the field of modern media space. The term «freedom» is considered as several philosophical concepts that formed the basis of the modern interpretation of this concept. The totality of its meanings is generalized into one that is adapted for the modern system. Parallels are drawn between the interaction of the concept of user freedom with the plane of domestic mass media because despite, the fact that consciousness is knowledge, the incoming information directly affects the individual and collective consciousness. Using the example of the most popular digital platforms, the components of the impact on users and the legal aspect of their implementation are analyzed. When considering the issues of freedom of choice and freedom of action on the Internet, special attention is paid to methods of collecting and processing information, in particular, the limitations and possibilities of digital programs-algorithms of the popular search engine Google. The types of personal information collected by Google about the user are classified and the possible mechanisms of influence on personal choice and access to information on the Internet are characterized. The article analyzes the constitutional guarantees of freedom and the impact of digital technologies on them. Particular attention is paid to ethics, in particular journalistic, which nominally regulates the limits of the humane, permissible, a / moral (unacceptable/acceptable) in the implementation of professional information activities in the media. Thus, the issue of freedom of choice and freedom of action in the plane of domestic mass media is subject to an objective examination of its components, they are analyzed for a proper constitutionally suitable phenomenon, which must be investigated from the point of view of compliance with human rights and freedoms and professional standards within the media.
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Lewis, Dustin, Radhika Kapoor, and Naz Modirzadeh. Advancing Humanitarian Commitments in Connection with Countering Terrorism: Exploring a Foundational Reframing concerning the Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/uzav2714.

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The imperative to provide humanitarian and medical services on an urgent basis in armed conflicts is anchored in moral tenets, shared values, and international rules. States spend tens of billions of dollars each year to help implement humanitarian programs in conflicts across the world. Yet, in practice, counterterrorism objectives increasingly prevail over humanitarian concerns, often resulting in devastating effects for civilian populations in need of aid and protection in war. Not least, confusion and misapprehensions about the power and authority of States relative to the United Nations Security Council to set policy preferences and configure legal obligations contribute significantly to this trajectory. In this guide for States, we present a framework to reconfigure relations between these core commitments by assessing the counterterrorism architecture through the lens of impartial humanitarianism. We aim in particular to provide an evidence base and analytical frame for States to better grasp key legal and policy issues related to upholding respect for principled humanitarian action in connection with carrying out the Security Council’s counterterrorism decisions. We do so because the lack of knowledge regarding interpretation and implementation of counterterrorism resolutions matters for the coherence, integrity, and comprehensiveness of humanitarian policymaking and protection of the humanitarian imperative. In addition to analyzing foundational concerns and evaluating discernible behaviors and attitudes, we identify avenues that States may take to help achieve pro-humanitarian objectives. We also endeavor to help disseminate indications of, and catalyze, States’ legally relevant positions and practices on these issues. In section 1, we introduce the guide’s impetus, objectives, target audience, and structure. We also describe the methods that we relied on and articulate definitions for key terms. In section 2, we introduce key legal actors, sources of law, and the notion of international legal responsibility, as well as the relations between international and national law. Notably, Security Council resolutions require incorporation into national law in order to become effective and enforceable by internal administrative and judicial authorities. In section 3, we explain international legal rules relevant to advancing the humanitarian imperative and upholding respect for principled humanitarian action, and we sketch the corresponding roles of humanitarian policies, programs, and donor practices. International humanitarian law (IHL) seeks to ensure — for people who are not, or are no longer, actively participating in hostilities and whose needs are unmet — certain essential supplies, as well as medical care and attention for the wounded and sick. States have also developed and implemented a range of humanitarian policy frameworks to administer principled humanitarian action effectively. Further, States may rely on a number of channels to hold other international actors to account for safeguarding the humanitarian imperative. In section 4, we set out key theoretical and doctrinal elements related to accepting and carrying out the Security Council’s decisions. Decisions of the Security Council may contain (binding) obligations, (non-binding) recommendations, or a combination of the two. UN members are obliged to carry out the Council’s decisions. Member States retain considerable interpretive latitude to implement counterterrorism resolutions. With respect to advancing the humanitarian imperative, we argue that IHL should represent a legal floor for interpreting the Security Council’s decisions and recommendations. In section 5, we describe relevant conduct of the Security Council and States. Under the Resolution 1267 (1999), Resolution 1989 (2011), and Resolution 2253 (2015) line of resolutions, the Security Council has established targeted sanctions as counterterrorism measures. Under the Resolution 1373 (2001) line of resolutions, the Security Council has adopted quasi-“legislative” requirements for how States must counter terrorism in their national systems. Implementation of these sets of resolutions may adversely affect principled humanitarian action in several ways. Meanwhile, for its part, the Security Council has sought to restrict the margin of appreciation of States to determine how to implement these decisions. Yet international law does not demand that these resolutions be interpreted and implemented at the national level by elevating security rationales over policy preferences for principled humanitarian action. Indeed, not least where other fields of international law, such as IHL, may be implicated, States retain significant discretion to interpret and implement these counterterrorism decisions in a manner that advances the humanitarian imperative. States have espoused a range of views on the intersections between safeguarding principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. Some voice robust support for such action in relation to counterterrorism contexts. A handful call for a “balancing” of the concerns. And some frame respect for the humanitarian imperative in terms of not contradicting counterterrorism objectives. In terms of measures, we identify five categories of potentially relevant national counterterrorism approaches: measures to prevent and suppress support to the people and entities involved in terrorist acts; actions to implement targeted sanctions; measures to prevent and suppress the financing of terrorism; measures to prohibit or restrict terrorism-related travel; and measures that criminalize or impede medical care. Further, through a number of “control dials” that we detect, States calibrate the functional relations between respect for principled humanitarian action and countering terrorism. The bulk of the identified counterterrorism measures and related “control dials” suggests that, to date, States have by and large not prioritized advancing respect for the humanitarian imperative at the national level. Finally, in section 6, we conclude by enumerating core questions that a State may answer to help formulate and instantiate its values, policy commitments, and legal positions to secure respect for principled humanitarian action in relation to counterterrorism contexts.
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