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Casé, Anderson George de Lima. "Impossibilidade de danos moral às pessoas jurídicas." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9864.
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O presente trabalho visa a esclarecer o equívoco que incorrem a doutrina, a jurisprudência e os operadores do direito brasileiro, ao reproduzirem de forma acrítica e impensada o entendimento sufragado pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça, por meio da súmula 227, de que as pessoas jurídicas podem ser indenizadas por danos morais. Os danos morais são lesões aos direitos da personalidade, inerentes tão somente aos seres humanos, fruto de lutas históricas para conseguir o seu reconhecimento e proteção, baseados no princípio constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana. Portanto, as pessoas jurídicas não podem ser consideradas titulares de direitos da personalidade, em decorrência da dificuldade que se tem na liquidação de determinados danos patrimoniais sofridos pelos entes fictícios e por se emprestar a forma de liquidação dos danos fora do patrimônio para a resolução deste problema, haja vista a existência da diversidade de valores e princípios entre seres humanos e entes fictícios. No que se refere às associações filantrópicas e fundações, os danos serão institucionais, acarretando a perda da credibilidade perante a sociedade, com repercussão no desenvolvimento de suas atividades.
Salvador
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Linares, Avilez Daniel. "«¿The money cures every injury? I don’t think so» Reflections about moral damage." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123875.
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A situation that has been generated several confusions is the inclusion of person damage next to moral damage in the Civil Code of 1984, both in the national doctrine and judicial decisions.The Author analyses the problems arising from non-property damages in the Peruvian legal system, giving a brief description of its arrival to our Legislation and noting the major directions Doctrine has taken. He focuses on the old and new challenges Judges have on this matter and elaborates a list of considerations to positions seated on the Peruvian Civil Procedure.Una situación que ha generado severas confusiones es la inclusión del daño a la persona junto al daño moral en el Código Civil de 1984, tanto en la doctrina nacional como en los pronunciamientos judiciales.En este artículo el autor examina la problemática de los daños extrapatrimoniales en el ordenamiento peruano, reseñando su génesis legislativo y las principales tendencias doctrinarias al respecto. Se enfoca en los viejos y nuevos retos de los Juzgadores en el daño extrapatrimonal y ofrece cuestionamientos a posturas mayoritarias en el ámbito procesal.
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Yoder, Jon. "Wildlife on private land : contracting over wildlife-inflicted property damage and abatement /." Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State University, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-46531063992951/etd.pdf.
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Чередниченко, Наталія Василівна, Наталия Васильевна Чередниченко, Nataliia Vasylivna Cherednychenko, and К. Литвиненко. "Моральна шкода в трудових відносинах." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24323.
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Мельник, І. А., Аліна В`ячеславівна Гончарова, Алина Вячеславовна Гончарова, and Alina Viacheslavivna Honcharova. "Аналіз сучасних тенденцій у визначенні розміру компенсації моральної шкоди." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42276.
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На сучасному етапі розвитку світової спільноти проблема прав і свобод людини є домінуючою. У цьому напрямку прийнято низку важливих міжнародних нормативно-правових актів, котрі визначають людину як найвищою цінність суспільства, а належне забезпечення її прав і свобод – головним обов’язком демократичної правової держави.
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Lambourne, Nicola. "Moral cathedrals : war damage and Franco-German cultural propaganda on the Western Front 1870-1938." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362343.
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Resedá, Salomão. "A aplicabilidade do punitive damage nas ações de indenização por dano moral no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro." Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/12303.
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O punitive damage é uma doutrina que ganhou bastante relevo no ordenamento jurídico americano. Segundo seus ditames, ao ofensor deve ser imputado um valor indenizatório que seja considerado passível de lhe desestimular na pratica de novas condutas. Apesar da existência de embates dos operadores do direito daquele país, alguns juristas brasileiros aceitam a possibilidade de inserção desta doutrina no âmbito do direito nacional no intuito de sanar a problemática do quantum do da indenização por danos morais. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade do punitive damage nas ações de indenização por danos morais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, será construído o conteúdo a partir da abordagem histórico-evolutiva da responsabilidade civil como um todo, passando pelo caminho desenvolvido pelo dano moral ao longo dos tempos, até os dias atuais. Então, serão consultadas as teorias nacionais que buscam encontrar meios para facilitar a quantificação do dano moral e em seguida a doutrina do punitive damage no intuito de se familiarizar com seus requisitos. Por fim, a partir da colheita de todos esses predicados desenvolver-se-á o estudo em torno do tema principal. A busca pela resposta ao problema em questão se faz de suma importância para uma possível mudança de pensamento no que se refere à responsabilidade civil em razão de fatos ilícitos que venham a causar danos morais ao ofendido.
Salvador
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Battochio, Mariana. "A tutela jurídica do patrimônio imaterial ambiental no Direito brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6705.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-25Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The purpose of this paper is to provide a study on the possibility of recognized the injuries caused to the right of the ecological balance, collective interest that transcends the private sphere of human damage, affecting the whole community. Initially, it will be necessary to analyze the Law in Postmodernity, checking the inevitable axiological content of standards involving the law of nature, inserted as a human right third generation. We will analyze some philosophical currents that support and assist the perception of contemporary environmental law, in particular his interpretation. Also be traced an overview of the evolution of environmental law by addressing their social, economic and ecologic character; and these pillars necessary for the realization of human dignity. Then, we intend to recognize the existence of a collective intangible heritage, analyzing the possibilities and difficulties of obtaining and quantify the damage of this nature, given the basic principles that will guide the collective protection. For this, we will study the civilian view of moral damage, through the transition that culminated in the extent of injuries caused to an ecologically balanced environment damage. Finally, we see the evolution of matter in the higher courts, analyzing aspects such as the quantification of collective damages and allocation of its resources to the defense fund of diffuse rights
A proposta do presente trabalho é oferecer um estudo sobre a possibilidade do reconhecimento de danos imateriais às lesões causadas ao direito ao equilíbrio ecológico, interesse metaindividual que transcende a esfera privada dos seres humanos, atingindo toda a coletividade. Inicialmente, será necessária uma análise do Direito na Pós-Modernidade, verificando o inevitável conteúdo axiológico das normas que envolvem o direito da natureza, inserido como direito humano de terceira geração. Para tanto, analisaremos algumas correntes filosóficas que embasam e auxiliam a percepção do direito ambiental contemporâneo, em especial a sua interpretação. Ainda, será traçado um panorama da evolução do Direito Ambiental, abordando o viés sustentável em seus aspectos social, econômico e ambiental; sendo esses pilares necessários para a concretização da dignidade da pessoa humana. Em seguida, pretendemos reconhecer a existência de um patrimônio imaterial coletivo, examinando as possibilidades e dificuldades de auferir e quantificar os danos dessa natureza, diante dos princípios basilares que vão nortear a tutela coletiva. Para isso, estudaremos a visão civilista dos danos morais, passando pela transição que culminou na extensão dos danos imateriais às lesões causadas ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Por fim, veremos a evolução da matéria nos tribunais superiores, analisando aspectos como a quantificação dos danos morais coletivos e a destinação de seus recursos ao fundo de defesa dos direitos difusos
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Teixeira, Paula Fernandes. "TRABALHO INTENSO: AFRONTA À DIGNIDADE HUMANA DO TRABALHADOR E DANO MORAL INDENIZÁVEL." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2698.
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-10The new ways of existing work in the XXI century, the result of neoliberal economics and globalization, generate a reflection on the figure of the worker in the context of modern society, which is the protection of human dignity of the worker, especially regarding the intensification of work that the employee is submitted to assist the economic goals of the employer. In Brazil, the Constitution of 1988 reflects, in its Article 7, the worker protection and, as a social right, is considered as a fundamental right, supporting the idea that the capitalist system must maintain a dependent relationship with the social rights in order to the free initiative established by Magna Carta should be carried out with social justice and strengthening of the work in a fair and caring society. The practice of hard work equates to moral harassment when a worker is submitted to conditions that confront his-her physical or mental health so that his-her work activities are summarized in a presentation of positive results to the employer in order to increase the company s profit, which entails moral and social security damage as a way to seek redress against the injury he-she suffered. In this sense, this work takes the form of a investigative and bibliographic research that aims to analyze the human dignity of the worker within the neoliberalism forward to new forms of work brought by global society, focusing on the intensification of work and the need of compensation of his-her moral by the action of Judiciary granting moral and social security compensation for the injured worker, in view of the critical study of the right to work, as well as the interpretation in the social, political and economic context. Therefore, it analyzes, beyond the formal element (the rules of worker protection), also the materiality of protecting the dignity of the worker face to the Brazilian courts in order to presents some considerations about the effective legal protection of the right to work as fundamental right.
As novas formas de trabalho existentes no século XXI, fruto da economia neoliberal e da globalização, geram uma reflexão acerca da figura do trabalhador no contexto da sociedade moderna, qual seja, a proteção da dignidade humana do trabalhador, principalmente no que tange a intensificação do trabalho a qual o trabalhador é submetido para atender aos objetivos econômicos do empregador. No Brasil, a Constituição de 1988 reflete, em seu Art. 7º, a proteção ao trabalhador e, como direito social, trata tal direito como fundamental, entendendo que o sistema capitalista deve manter uma relação de dependência com os direitos sociais para que a livre iniciativa presente na Carta Magna seja realizada com justiça social e fortalecimento do trabalho, numa sociedade justa e solidária. A prática do trabalho intenso equipara-se ao assédio moral quando o trabalhador é submetido a condições que afrontam sua saúde física ou psíquica de modo que suas atividades laborais são resumidas à apresentação de resultados positivos para o empregador com o objetivo de aumentar o lucro da empresa, o que enseja o dano moral trabalhista e previdenciário como forma de buscar o ressarcimento frente à lesão por ele sofrida. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem a forma de uma pesquisa bibliográfica investigativa que objetiva analisar a dignidade humana do trabalhador dentro do neoliberalismo frente às novas formas de trabalho trazidas pela sociedade globalizada, focando na intensificação do trabalho e a necessidade de ressarcimento de sua moral mediante atuação do Poder Judiciário concedendo indenização por dano moral e previdenciário para o trabalhador lesado, tendo em vista o estudo crítico do direito ao trabalho, bem como a interpretação dentro do contexto social, político e econômico. Para tanto, analisa-se, além do elemento formal (as normas de proteção ao trabalhador), igualmente a materialidade da proteção à dignidade do trabalhador perante os Tribunais brasileiros a fim de apresentar algumas considerações acerca da efetiva proteção jurídica ao direito ao trabalho como direito fundamental.
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Solórzano, Solórzano Raúl. "Regarding the moral right of the authors to the integrity of their work: reflections about the damage done to the murals in the Centre of Lima." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115773.
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Based on the recent damage done to the murals in the Centre of Lima, this article analyzes the conflict that can occur between the moral right of authors to the integrity of their work and the property rights of the holders of the support containing the intellectual creation. Criteria are provided to analyze conflicts in which murals are involved. Finally, the infringement of moral right of integrity is discussed.Sobre la base del reciente daño efectuado a los murales en el Centro de Lima, a través del presente artículo se analiza el conflicto que puede producirse entre el derecho moral de los autores a la integridad de sus obras y el derecho de propiedad de los titulares del soporte que contiene la creación intelectual. Se brinda criterios a tomarse en cuenta en los conflictos donde estén involucrados murales. Finalmente, se examina las posibles infracciones al derecho moral de integridad.
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CHEN, HAN. "Fatti ingiusti contro la persona nella prospettiva storico-comparativa: alcuni spunti di riflessione per diritto cinese." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/751.
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La ricerca è divisa in tre capitoli. Il primo capitolo riguarda il tema dei fatti ingiusti contro la persona nel diritto
romano. Si tratta di quattro argomenti: la disciplina decemvirale, l’actio iniuriarum, il damnum sorta nell’ambito
della lex Aquila, e la pena privata. Con questo capitolo si spiega l’evoluzione della responsabilità extracontrattuale e
la bipartizione tra danno e offesa. Il secondo capitolo è concentrato nell’art. 2059 c.c.. Qui si spiega come è
formulato storicamente tale articolo e come è stata superata la limitazione della riparazione al danno non
patrimoniale. Con il danno biologico e il danno esistenziale, il diritto italiano segna un’espansione del concetto di
danno non patrimoniale. Il terzo capitolo parla del diritto tradizionale cinese. Influenzata dal diritto sovietico, la
legge sui principi generali del diritto civile del 1987 non ha una posizione chiara sulla riparabilità al danno morale.
Con gli interventi della Corte Suprema e con la promulgazione di nuove leggi di settore, il danno morale è
finalmente stato accettato dal diritto cinese. Nel corso della elaborazione di una legge sulla responsabilità sono sorti
molti dibattiti: uno più discusso è la personalizzazione nella liquidazione del danno alla persona. Con una
prospettiva storico-comparatistica, la tutela della persona nell’ambito della responsabilità extracontrattuale segna
un’espansione dei valori meritevoli di tutela. Questo richiede anche un sistema aperto della responsabilità
extracontrattuale.The research is divided into three chapters. The first chapter concerns the Personal Injury in Roman law. There are four topics: discipline decemvirale, l’actio iniuriarum, damnum of the lex Aquila, and the private penalty. in this chapter which explains the evolution of the civil liability and the bi-partition of damage and offense in the roman law. The second chapter is concentrated on art. 2059 c.c. which can be explained as a limitation of reparation to nonpecuniary damage. With the danno biologico (biological damage) and danno esistenziale (the damage existential), the Italian law marks an expansion of the concept of non-pecuniary damage. The third chapter concerns the Chinese law which starts from traditional Chinese law. Influenced by Soviet law, the general principles of civil law of 1987 does not have a clear position on the question of repairing the moral damage. With the interpretations provided by the Supreme Court and the new laws of sectors, the concept of moral damage is finally accepted by Chinese law. In the course of drawing up a law on civil liability, many debates have been arisen: one of the most discussed is the customization in the liquidation of personal damages. With a historical- comparatistica perspective, the protection of person marks an expansion of values worthy of protection. This also requires an open system of non-contractual liability.
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Brum, Gustavo. "A gestão previdenciária e a sua potencialidade lesiva à esfera moral do beneficiário da Previdência Social." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7077.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-15In this work, attention is directed to the compatibility of the civil liability structure in situations of potential injury to the moral sphere of those insured under social security. The nature of social risks covered up by the state welfare structure was considered during the characterization of the social security authority s duty to compensate the insured. The field of analysis was restricted to benefits that were rejected by public administration and afterwards reviewed by the judiciary, through the verification of the illegality of such acts, with the aim of providing the benefit to the insured in court. Compensatory damages are not characterized by the mere improper rejection of benefits, because they are not in re ipsa compensatory damages. On the other hand, it was criticized the understanding which exempts from responsibility the public entity, under the argument of regular exercise of law, when the administrative act is emanated from within a certain margin of interpretative reasonableness of the social security rule. Permeating the criteria and assumptions of civil liability by public administration, it was concluded that the duty to reimburse compensatory damages regarding social security requires the attendance of a normative cause. Grounded on that theory, considering that welfare activity decreases the risks to which the insured is exposed, the losses are only attributable to social security when its operations frustrate the legal expectations of the insured. To characterize this frustration, it is required that public administration misuses the interpretation/application of social security rules. In turn, the parameters of public administration s operation can be objectively evaluated considering the situation of the insured in view of their legal position within the social security system
No presente trabalho, a atenção está dirigida à compatibilização da estrutura da responsabilidade civil em situações de potencialidade lesiva à esfera moral do segurado da Previdência Social. Considerou-se a natureza dos riscos sociais encobertos pela estrutura previdenciária estatal, quando da constatação dos pressupostos de caracterização do dever de indenizar da autarquia previdenciária. Delimitou-se o campo de análise aos atos de concessão de benefícios indeferidos administrativamente que venham a ser revistos pelo Poder Judiciário, verificando a ilegalidade desses atos, com o fito de determinar o reconhecimento do segurado à prestação de benefício em sede judicial. Afastou-se a caracterização dos danos morais tão somente pela simples negativa indevida dos benefícios, por não se tratarem de danos morais in re ipsa. De outra parte, criticou-se a corrente jurisprudencial que exime de responsabilidade o ente público, sob a excludente da ilicitude caracterizada como exercício regular de direito, quando o ato administrativo é emanado dentro de certa margem de razoabilidade interpretativa da norma previdenciária. Perpassando pelos critérios e pressupostos de responsabilidade civil extracontratual da Administração Pública, concluiu-se que o dever de indenizar os danos morais no âmbito previdenciário exige a presença do liame normativo verificado pelo nexo de imputação. Embasada na teoria de que o liame imputacional está inserido no âmbito de causalidade normativa, a esfera de risco da atividade previdenciária, por abrandar os riscos sociais a que expostos os segurados, torna imputáveis os prejuízos extrapatrimoniais ao ente previdenciário somente quando a sua atuação resultar em frustração das expectativas legitimamente depositadas pelos segurados. Para caracterização dessa frustração, entendeu-se necessária a constatação do abuso de poder-dever administrativo na interpretação/aplicação da norma previdenciária. Os critérios de aferição dessas margens de razoabilidade de atuação, por sua vez, podem ser objetivamente avaliados considerando a situação do segurado em face da posição jurídica no âmbito do sistema previdenciário
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ALVAREZ, YAIMARA PEREZ. "THE MORAL DAMAGE AS AN INJURY TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE OF THE HUMAN DIGNITY: COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE BETWEEN THE CUBAN AND BRAZILIAN SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32678@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A dignidade da pessoa humana é um dos fundamentos que todo Estado deve resguardar e preservar. A violação injusta de seus elementos gera irremediavelmente um dano moral que conduz ao ressarcimento da vítima, com o intuito de restabelecer a situação anterior à ocorrência do dano, colocando-a novamente no pleno desfrute dos direitos que lhe foram lesionados. No caso do Brasil, o dano moral tem reparação econômica constitucionalmente regulada, mas sua interpretação e aplicação judicial, em alguns casos, não respondem aos critérios doutrinários e constitucionais existentes, diante dos altos valores fixados a título de compensação e a inobservância dos elementos que compõem a responsabilidade civil, ressarcindo-se economicamente a maioria das demandas apresentadas. Em Cuba, encontra-se reconhecida constitucionalmente a dignidade humana como fundamento do Estado, sendo a lei primeira no sistema; não obstante, quando ocorre a ofensa de seus elementos, sua reparação se limita à retratação pública do ofensor, não se encontrando o reparo econômico como opção legítima para ressarcir o dano moral ocasionado, tornando, assim, escassas a proteção do indivíduo e a aplicabilidade do dano moral. As dificuldades que apresentam os dois países podem ser superadas a partir da valoração dos ordenamentos jurídicos como um todo, visando a reparação do dano extrapatrimonial desde a perspectiva do direito civil-constitucional, sendo possível em Cuba a reparação econômica do dano extrapatrimonial justificada nas leis e instituições que conformam o sistema; e no caso do Brasil, além da reparação pecuniária, pode-se adotar a retratação pública do ofensor como possibilidade inserida no direito de resposta.
The dignity of the human person is one of the foundations that every State must safeguard and preserve. The unjust violation of its elements irrevocably results in moral damage that leads to reimbursement of the victim, with the purpose of restoring the situation prior to the occurrence of the damage, putting him or her again in full enjoyment of the rights that were injured. In the case of Brazil, moral damages have regulated economic reparations constitutionally, but their interpretation and judicial application, in some cases, do not respond to the existing doctrinal and constitutional criteria, given the high values set as compensation and the nonobservance of elements that make up liability. In Cuba, human dignity is constitutionally recognized as the foundation of the state, being the first law in the system; nevertheless, when the offense of its elements occurs, its reparation is limited to the public retraction of the offender, not finding the economic repair as a legitimate option to reimburse the moral damage occasioned, thus making scarce the protection of the individual and the applicability of the moral damage. The difficulties presented by the two countries can be overcome by assessing the legal systems as a whole, seeking the reparation of extra-judicial damages from the perspective of civil-constitutional law, and in Cuba it is possible to obtain economic reparation for the off-balance-sheet damage justified by the laws and institutions that make up the system; and in the case of Brazil, in addition to pecuniary reparation, it is possible to adopt the public retraction of the offender as a possibility inserted in the right of reply.
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Silva, Marcelo da. "CONSTITUIÇÃO, FORMULAÇÃO E CIRCULAÇÃO DO DISCURSO JURÍDICO: A DESIGNAÇÃO DANO MORAL PRODUZINDO EFEITOS DE SENTIDO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9752.
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The main objective in this work is to understand how the juridical practice, through the discursive relations established in a specific lawsuit, produces sense effects, and how the
same and the different relate to each other in the juridical discursivity. In order to do this, we have analyzed the processual rite of an indemnity ordinary action for losses and damages and moral damage, filed in the third civil jurisdiction of the judicial district of Santa Maria-RS, from the theoretical principles of French Discourse Analysis or according to a materialistic point of view. The analysis has as a starting point the designation moral damage and the corpus comprises the following lawsuit elements: initial petition, contestation, replication and sentence. From the necessary theoretical mobilization for the reflection and by means of analysis of the discursive corpus we can understand that this discursivity is organized in a way to try to regulate the meanings of moral damage. This happens from a particularization and generalization process which mediates the organization of the documents and intends to regulate the senses, creating an illusion of applicability of the rules of law to the conducts
presented in the documents. However, this language functioning is not free of imperfections, since ruptures and displacements happen in this attempt of regulation. This happens through the established game between two distinct forms of subject s individuation, called religious subject and subject-of-right (HAROCHE, 1992). On one side, we have the interchangeability, which aims at to support the regulation of the senses and the applicability of the law. On the other side, we have the expression of the subjectivity, which makes possible that the conducts presented in the documents be brought for discussion (making possible the discussion of exterior questions related to the legal system). We understand that even though the juridical discourse opens space for the movement of the senses, this is constituted in a
way to regulate itself. The juridical discourse is formulated and it circulates, respecting a series of rules that delimit what can and must be said, then supporting and legitimizing this
discursivity.O objetivo deste trabalho é o de compreender como a prática jurídico processual, através das relações discursivas que se estabelecem em uma ação específica, produz efeitos de sentido; como se relacionam, de maneira tensa, o mesmo e o diferente na discursividade jurídica. Para tanto, partindo de uma perspectiva materialista e dos princípios teóricos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, analisamos o rito processual de uma ação ordinária de indenização por perdas e danos e danos morais, a qual correu na 3ª vara cível da comarca de Santa Maria-RS. A análise tem como ponto de ancoragem a designação dano moral e o corpus de análise é composto pelas seguintes partes do processo judicial: petição inicial, contestação, réplica e sentença. A partir da mobilização teórica necessária para a reflexão e da análise do corpus discursivo, podemos compreender que essa discursividade está organizada de maneira a tentar regular o sentido atribuído à designação dano moral. Isso acontece a partir de processos de generalização e de particularização que, regendo a organização das peças processuais, visam regular os sentidos, criando uma ilusão de aplicabilidade das normas jurídicas às condutas apresentadas nas peças. No entanto, esse funcionamento não é livre de falhas, uma vez que acontecem rupturas e deslocamentos nessa tentativa de regulação. Isso se dá através do jogo estabelecido entre duas formas distintas de individuação dos sujeitos, denominadas sujeito-de-direito e sujeito-religioso (HAROCHE, 1992). De um lado, temos a intercambialidade, a qual visa sustentar a regulação dos sentidos e a aplicabilidadade da lei e, de outro, temos a expressão da subjetividade, a qual possibilita que sejam trazidas para discussão as condutas apresentadas nas peças processuais (possibilitando, assim, a discussão de questões exteriores ao sistema jurídico). Entendemos que o discurso jurídico, mesmo abrindo espaço para a movimentação dos sentidos, é constituído de forma a se auto-regular. Ao ser formulado e ao circular, ele respeita uma série de regras que delimitam o que pode e deve ser dito, sustentado e legitimando essa discursividade.
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Corrêa, Jailson de Souza. "O dano moral decorrente da ofensa a liberdade religiosa dos adeptos das religiões de matriz africana." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10756.
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Esta dissertação visa ao estudo da aplicação dos danos morais em decorrência da violação da liberdade religiosa focalizando sua atenção nas religiões de matriz africana. Apesar da atual garantia constitucional de liberdade religiosa e inviolabilidade de culto as religiões de matriz africana continuam sofrendo ataques mas que não provêm como no passado de agentes da igreja Católica e do Estado mas das igrejas neopentecostais. Buscou-se inicialmente investigar a dimensão da liberdade religiosa no Brasil e a prática da intolerância contra as religiões de matriz africana em solo brasileiro demonstrando a construção conceitual e o impacto sobre estas manifestações religiosas. Por meio de um dialogo possível entre a Constituição e o Direito Civil examinou-se a incidência irradiante do principio da dignidade humana sobre o estatuto civilista e o estabelecimento de uma cláusula geral de tutela da pessoa humana como instrumento para garantia de direitos da personalidade e direitos fundamentais ponderando-se com relação a estes últimos a aplicação ás relações jurídicas entre particulares. Estudou-se com mais vagar o instituto da responsabilidade civil por danos morais detendo-se nos pressupostos basilares e enfatizando a dignidade da pessoa humana como seu corolário. Neste contexto tentou-se traçar a singularidade da violação da liberdade religiosa e a afronta a direito de personalidade. Demonstrou-se ainda a importância da tutela coletiva da igualdade religiosa na busca da proteção de grupos socialmente vulneráveis e neste particular conferiu-se destaque a casos levados a julgamento nos tribunais pátrios. A pesquisa indicou que embora a prática da intolerância religiosa contra as religiões de matriz africana ocorra com relativa freqüência iniciou-se uma reação dos adeptos destes credos religiosos e de parte da sociedade civil contra esta abjeta forma de discriminação e que o ordenamento jurídico pátrio admite a aplicação da responsabilidade por danos morais contra agressões desta natureza.
Salvador
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Paula, Adriana Ferreira de. "DUMPING SOCIAL E DANO MORAL COLETIVO: UMA ANÁLISE DE SUAS CONFIGURAÇÕES JURÍDICAS E APLICAÇÃO PELA JUSTIÇA DO TRABALHO, COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE COMBATE ÀS VIOLAÇÕES DOS DIREITOS TRABALHISTAS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2704.
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Previous issue date: 2014-10-31The subject under study is about the legal form of collective social dumping and moral damages in labor relations, as a tool against the repeated violations of labor rights in Brazil. The issue that prompted the study: a) How the Labor Court understands, conceptualizes, and interprets the social dumping collective moral damage? b) What foundation do you use? c) How the Labour Court is judging social dumping and collective moral damage? What criteria are used in these trials? d) What are the situations that cause the condemnation of social dumping and collective moral damage? e) How the Labor Court awoke to social dumping and collective moral damage? Doctrines that have caused attention to the subject? The study aims to analyze decisions of the Labour Court and doctrines of social dumping and collective moral damage in order to understand the process of trial and conviction of employers who flout labor laws and mass repeatedly. The study was conducted in two distinct and complementary moments. In the first, he took advantage of literature in order to seek greater theoretical depth and conceptual background. In the second, we focused on the research field characterized by data collection and case law on the subject under study. The research result is that the configuration of social dumping and collective moral damages in employment law is at the stage of study and discussion, because the concepts are not consolidated.
O tema em estudo versa sobre a configuração jurídica do dano moral coletivo e dumping social nas relações de trabalho, como instrumento de combate as violações reiteradas dos direitos trabalhistas, no Brasil. A problemática que instigou o estudo: a) Como a Justiça do Trabalho entende, conceitua, interpreta o dumping social e dano moral coletivo? b) Qual embasamento utiliza? c) Como a Justiça do Trabalho está julgando o dumping social e dano moral coletivo? Quais critérios são utilizados nesses julgamentos? d) Quais são as situações que ensejam a condenação por dumping social e dano moral coletivo? e) Como a Justiça do Trabalho despertou-se para o dumping social e dano moral coletivo? Que doutrinas provocaram a atenção para o assunto? O estudo objetiva analisar decisões da Justiça do Trabalho e doutrinas sobre o dumping social e dano moral coletivo a fim de compreender o processo de julgamento e condenação de empregadores que desrespeitam a legislação trabalhista em massa e de forma reiterada. O trabalho foi realizado em dois momentos distintos e complementares. No primeiro, valeu-se da pesquisa bibliográfica com a finalidade de buscar maior aprofundamento teórico e embasamento conceitual. No segundo, privilegiou-se a pesquisa de campo caracterizada pelo levantamento de dados e jurisprudências sobre o tema em estudo. O resultado da pesquisa é de que a configuração do dumping social e dano moral coletivo no direito do trabalho está no estágio de estudos e discussão, pois os conceitos não estão consolidados.
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Santos, Iliam Cardoso dos [UNIFESP]. "Quantificação e qualificação das denuncias contra médicos no Conselho Regional de Medicina do estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2007. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/23787.
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Previous issue date: 2007Introdução: O fortalecimento da cidadania reforça os instrumentos de defesa dos direitos individuais. Os atuais modelos de atenção à saúde minimizam a comunicação entre médicos e pacientes. Cresce o número de queixas formalizadas contra atitudes médicas. É grande o impacto social dessas denúncias. Faltam estudos, no Brasil, que lhes dêem significado. Objetivo: Este trabalho pretende quantificar e qualificar as reclamações apresentadas ao Conselho Regional de Medicina do Estado de Goiás contra médicos ali inscritos. Método: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, sobre as denúncias formalizadas em Goiás, entre 2000 e 2006. Leitura interpretativa da evolução processual das queixas ajuizadas no CREMEGO e cálculo da eficácia das ações dali decorrentes. Resultado: Foi significativa a flutuação na freqüência de reclamações entre 2000 e 2006, no Estado de Goiás; 62% das queixas alegaram incompetência do profissional e inadequada relação médico/paciente. O número de queixas contra as especialidades de Cirurgia Plástica e Ortopedia representam 50% das queixas em relação a todos os especialistas. Houve 73 denúncias contra quatro profissionais da cirurgia plástica e um médico foi denunciado 49 vezes. Em 60% dos casos a denúncia foi feita por pessoa física. Discussão: Foram considerados improcedentes 17% das denúncias e 35% das restantes se transformaram em processos éticos (10% arquivados); O julgamento levou à advertência e censura em alguns casos e suspensão (5%) e cassação do exercício profissional (3%). Mais de 90% dos casos anuais foram resolvidos. Conclusão: O problema tem sido abordado com eficácia e eficiência, apesar de imperfeições na gestão do banco de dados, que impedem algumas análises qualitativas da questão.
Introduction: The strengthening of citizenship reinforces the instruments to defend the individual rights. The health care models currently used minimize the communication between doctors and patients. The number of formal complaints against attitudes of doctors has been increasing. The social impact of these accusations is great, but there is lack of studies in Brazil and in the state of Goiás to make them meaningful. Objective: This work was intended to quantify and qualify the complaints presented to the Regional Medical Council of the state of Goiás against medical acts. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective study of the denouncement formally registered in the state of Goiás between 2000 and 2006; interpretative reading of the processual evolution of the complaints formalized in the Regional Medical Council of the state of Goiás and calculation of the efficacy of the actions resulting from this. Results: The variation in the complaint frequency between 2000 and 2006 was not high; 62% of the complaints concerned professional incompetence and inadequate doctor–patient relationship. The number of complaints regarding plastic surgery and orthopedics corresponded to 50% of the ones related to specialists. There were 73 charges against four plastic surgeons and one doctor was denounced 49 times. In 60% of the cases the accusations were made by individuals. Discussion: The Regional Medical Council considered 17% of the charges groundless and 35% of the remaining accusations turned into ethical processes (10% of which were filed). The Regional Medical Council session resulted in admonition and censure in some cases, suspension (5%), and cancelation of the register to practice medicine (3%). Over 90% of the annual cases were solved. Conclusion: This problem has been effectively and efficiently approached, in spite of imperfections in data base management, which prevents qualitative analyses of this matter.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Costa, Déborah Regina Lambach Ferreira da. "Reparação do dano à imagem das pessoas jurídicas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5351.
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-23In a globalized world, owners of image rights are more vulnerable to damages for which compensation may be sought. New technologies, the web, TV, broadcasting channels and mechanical systems in general, which disseminate information in real time making it accessible to millions of people, increase this exposure to defamation. Both legal entities governed by private and public law that own rights of publicity consistent with their legal status run the risk of having their images damaged. Items V and X of article 5 of the Brazilian Constitution provide that these entities are entitle to compensation for libel and slander, or moral damages in a literal translation from Portuguese. Detaching the concept of libel and slander from pain and suffering , the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice published case law summary [ Súmula ] No. 227 which resulted in the application of article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights to prevent abuse of the freedom of expression and ensure maximum protection to reputation. This study is an in-depth analysis of image rights based on the initial assumption that these are autonomous rights of publicity entitled to protection both at constitutional and infraconstitutional level. The compensation for image damages leaves formal positivism aside to follow the paradigm shift introduced by the Constitution of Brazil ratified in 1988 when social, ethical and operational principles -- even within the scope of civil liability -- where brought to light allowing the interpretation of the Civil Code to be consistent with the concepts of equity and justice in an attempt to foster ethics and compassion in society
Na era globalizada, o titular do direito à imagem está mais vulnerável a sofrer um dano ressarcível. O avanço da tecnologia, a Internet, a televisão, os meios de radiodifusão e o sistema mecanizado em geral, que propagam a informação em tempo real, acessível a milhões e milhões de outros sujeitos, expõe as pessoas cada vez mais ao vilipêndio. Tanto as pessoas jurídicas de direito privado, como as de direito público, podem ser vítimas de dano à imagem, porque titulares de direitos da personalidade compatíveis com a sua natureza jurídica. Ademais, lhes é assegurada a reparação do dano moral nos incisos V e X do artigo 5º da Constituição Federal. A jurisprudência, desapegando-se do conceito de dano moral como o dano da alma , editou a Súmula n. 227 do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Passou-se a interpretar o artigo 10 da Convenção Europeia de Direitos Humanos de modo a coibir abusos do direito de livre expressão na proteção da reputação em toda a sua amplitude. De modo que o direito à imagem será analisado com profundidade, tomando-se como ponto de partida a afirmação de que é um direito da personalidade autônomo, recebendo proteção constitucional e infraconstitucional. A reparação do dano à imagem aparta-se do rigor formal do positivismo, acompanhando a mudança de paradigma trazida pela Constituição Federal de 1988, que aflorou, inclusive no âmbito da responsabilidade civil, princípios como da socialidade, da eticidade e da operabilidade, com vistas a dar interpretação e subsunção às normas do Código Civil consentâneas com a equidade e a justiça, em prol de uma sociedade mais ética e fraterna
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Colona, Ortega José Carlos. "Is the Accreditation of an Arbitrary Dismissal Sufficient to result in the Payment of Compensation for Moral Damages?" Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117688.
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The author analyzes the rules of civil liability and its application in the workplace to establish the right to compensation as a result of irregular dismissal. In particular, it seeks to determine if a judicial declaration of unfair dismissal is sufficient to justify the payment of compensation for moral damages for the worker element.El autor realiza un análisis de las reglas de la responsabilidad civil y su aplicación en el ámbito laboral para establecer el derecho a ser indemnizado como consecuencia de un cese irregular. En particular, busca determinar si es que una declaración judicial de despido arbitrario es un elemento suficiente para justificar el pago de una indemnización por daño moral a favor del trabajador.
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Franco, Júlio César Silva de Mendonça [UNESP]. "Danos morais: compensabilidade e quantificação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89871.
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franco_jcsm_me_fran.pdf: 491026 bytes, checksum: 63fc2583e2220de231571ea42bb8dcdb (MD5)O presente trabalho realiza uma abordagem geral sobre o candente tema da compensação das ofensas havidas ao patrimônio imaterial de qualquer pessoa, identificando, em um momento inicial, o que realmente pode ser considerado como dano moral indenizável, pois muitos pretendem a extensão do conceito para toda e qualquer sensação de dissabor ou desconforto, as quais, muitas vezes, fazem parte das simples vicissitudes da vida e por isso mesmo devem ser suportadas sem maiores reflexos no campo da responsabilidade civil. Justifica-se, a seguir, a necessidade de reparação do dano moral e analisam-se as suas características informadoras (compensatória e ressarcitória), que devem ser levadas em conta para a quantificação correspondente. Na seqüência, o estudo se prende a uma verificação detalhada sobre os sujeitos do direito à reparação do dano moral, fazendo um percurso que se inicia na pessoa natural, passa pela pessoa jurídica e chega até à coletividade, debruçando-se, também, sobre a possibilidade de sua transmissão para terceiros e as circunstâncias em que isso poderia se verificar. Ato contínuo, a pesquisa avança sobre o ponto principal de toda a problemática que envolve o dano moral, qual seja, a mensuração do montante indenizatório e lança luzes sobre os sistemas norteadores existentes (aberto, fechado e híbrido), colocando-os em cena para uma dissecação detalhada e individualizada, para depois indicar uma quarta vertente que se mostra mais apropriada e justa, que seria a da mera regulação, única capaz de permitir a escorreita quantificação do prejuízo moral em cada caso concreto. Por fim, a pesquisa acaba se espraiando em questões processuais que têm se mostrado relevantes no campo das demandas que envolvem a compensação do dano moral, onde são apontadas as principais correntes doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais. A contribuição...
This work holds a general approach on the burning issue of compensation for harm held the intangible assets of any person, identifying, in an initial moment, what can be regarded as injury compensation, as many want to extend the concept to all and any sense of disorder or discomfort, which often are part of simple vicissitudes of life and therefore should be supported without major repercussions in the field of civil liability. It is, then the necessity to repair the damage to morale and analyze their characteristics of creation (compensatory and refund), which must be taken into account for the corresponding amount. Following, the study has to do a detailed check on the subject of the right to repair the moral, making a journey that begins in the natural person is through legal and reaches the community, and will focus also on the possibility of its transmission to others and the circumstances in which this could take place. Act continued, the search moves on the key point of the whole issue involving the moral, which is the measurement of the amount compensatory and casts light on the existing guiding systems (open, closed and hybrid) and putting them into play for a detailed dissection and individualized, and then indicate a fourth area that is most appropriate and fair, which would be the mere regulation, only able to allow the accurate quantification of damage morale in each case. Finally, the search has just been spread on procedural issues that have been shown in the relevant field of the complaints involving the compensation of moral damage, which are outlined the main current doctrinal and jurisprudential. The scientific contribution which seeks to bring forth from this work is the elucidation of the most controversial remaining on the moral, and the daring to want to allay the doubts and uncertainties that have just encouraging real industry of inappropriate or abusive litigation.
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Silva, Rodrigo Daniel Félix da. "Direito civil e a reificação do ser humano: um estudo crítico do caráter capitalista do dano moral brasileiro a partir da doutrina marxista." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1121.
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Previous issue date: 2014-11-08This study analyses the influence of the capitalist economic order in determining the moral damage (non-economic damage) in Brazilian law, under the doctrine of Karl Marx, to demonstrate that its application is not consistent with the principle of human dignity, thus performing a kind justice that follows a patrimonial logic inherent in capitalism, which is to quantify people, therefore incompatible with the concept of human dignity of Immanuel Kant, who advocates the inability of man to be quantified, as a thing to be used by others. This is because, under capitalism, human beings can be reduced to an economic expression (reified) because their attributes are part of the economic process.
Este estudo analisa a influência da ordem econômica capitalista na determinação do dano moral (dano extrapatrimonial) no direito brasileiro, a partir da doutrina de Karl Marx, a fim de demonstrar que a sua aplicação não é congruente com o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, realizando assim um tipo de justiça que segue uma lógica patrimonialista inerente ao capitalismo, que é de quantificar as pessoas, portanto incompatível com o conceito de dignidade humana de Immanuel Kant, que pugna pela impossibilidade do homem ser quantificado, de ser usado como coisa por outrem. Isso porque, no capitalismo, o ser humano pode ser reduzido a uma expressão econômica (reificado) porque seus atributos integram o processo econômico.
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Blank, Dionis Mauri Penning. "Possibilidade jurídica de dano moral coletivo pela destruição de bens culturais: exame da jurisprudência estadual brasileira." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1056.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-30This research investigated legal possibility of existence of collective moral damage due to cultural property destruction. The main goal of this work was to prove that civil and environmental responsibility for collective moral damage and in consequence, obligation of compensating a community or social group for the injuries to cultural heritage, besides the material compensation, is admissible. For this, the method of hypothetical-deductive approach was used, as well as monographic procedure and bibliographic, documental and explanatory research, based on content analysis. The research is centered on the examination of state jurisprudence in Brazil, regarding recognition of environmental and cultural collective moral damage which results in sentence to pay compensation decided by the Judiciary, based on decisions of Courts in each Brazilian state. At first, national culture is presented as the main source of identity, which legitimates protection of cultural heritage, a place of identity conflicts, in which patrimonialization relates to the memory of a place and a group. After that, doctrinal issues associated to the collective dimension of cultural heritage are discussed, considering it as an aspect of the environment, which is composed by cultural property that deserve legal protection. Finally, the configuration of civil responsibility for collective moral damage is described, as well as the possibility of sentencing the offender to pay compensation for damage to cultural property, distinguishing environmental and cultural precedents and analysis of concrete cases of state Courts in Brazil. As a result, compensation for collective moral damage is regarded as an instrument of defense of cultural heritage, with pedagogical and punitive character.
Esta pesquisa investigou a possibilidade jurídica de ocorrência do dano moral coletivo em virtude da destruição de bens culturais. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi comprovar ser admissível a configuração da responsabilidade civil ambiental pelo dano moral coletivo e, por consequência, do dever de indenizar a comunidade ou o grupo social, em razão das lesões sofridas pelo patrimônio cultural, sem prejuízo da reparação material. Para isso, utilizou-se o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, o método de procedimento monográfico e as pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e explicativa, com base na técnica de análise de conteúdo. O corpo da pesquisa está estruturado no exame da jurisprudência estadual brasileira, quanto ao reconhecimento do dano moral coletivo, em termos ambientais e culturais, que resulta na condenação do ofensor ao pagamento de indenização arbitrada pelo Poder Judiciário, tendo como suporte as decisões dos tribunais de cada Estado brasileiro. Nesse sentido, de início, apresenta-se a cultura nacional como principal fonte da identidade cultural, a qual legitima a proteção do patrimônio cultural, que é um campo de conflito entre identidades, e se relaciona a patrimonialização ao trabalho da memória de um lugar e de um grupo. Após, abordam-se as questões doutrinárias associadas à dimensão coletiva do patrimônio cultural, na direção de ser ele um aspecto do meio ambiente, constituído por bens culturais que merecem a tutela jurisdicional. Enfim, descreve-se a configuração da responsabilidade civil por dano moral coletivo e a possibilidade de condenar o ofensor ao pagamento de indenização, pelo dano causado aos bens culturais, destacando-se os precedentes ambientais e culturais e a análise de casos concretos dos Tribunais de Justiça estaduais do Brasil. Por resultado, tem-se a reparação por dano moral coletivo como instrumento de defesa do patrimônio cultural, com caráter pedagógico e punitivo.
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Karčiauskienė, Diana. "Žalos asmeniui atlyginimo problematika nagrinėjant civilinę atsakomybę reglamentuojančius teisės aktus." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080131_111150-43274.
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Pirmoje dalyje išnagrinėti žalos asmeniui atlyginimo principai,antroje dalyje - sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų civinės atsakomybės draudimo problemos. Trečioje darbo dalyje nagrinėtos turtinės žalos asmeniui atlyginimo problemos, susijusios su išlaidų būtinumo fakto bei subjektų, kuriems gali būti mokamas žalos atlyginimas, nustatymu.Ketvirtoje darbo dalyje nagrinėtos neturtinės žalos atlyginimo problemos, penktoje ir šeštoje darbo dalyse - teorinės gydytojų kaltės nustatymo bei ikiteisminio ginčų sprendimo institucijos įterpimo problemos žalos atlyginimo mechanizme. Pabaigoje, pateikiant nuorodas į įstatymus, parodyta, kiek ilgai gali užtrukti ginčas dėl žalos atlyginimo.In the firs part of this work, principles of individual damege has bees studied briefly. On the second part has been studied problems of medical facilities civil liability insurance. In the third part, individual property damage compensation has been studied in relation to identification of necessary expenses and subjects who can get damage compensation.In the third part has been studied moral damage compensation problems.In the fifth and sixth parts of this work, theoretical problems on damage made by medical personnel have been demonstrated as well as problems caused by insertion of pretrial dispute solving institution in the mechanism of damege compensation.In conclusion, with reference to the legislation, an example has been provided to show how long dispjute for damage compensation can last.
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Melo, Guilherme Aparecido Bassi de. "Configuração do dano à moral difusa a partir da delimitação jurídica do patrimônio imaterial coletivo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6111.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-07This dissertation aims to analyze the possibility of recognition of an intangible collective heritage, based on objective order of values, whose foundation is paramount to article 1º of the Brazilian Constitution. After demonstrating that the constitutional article refered above provides the necessary support for conceiving a collective consciousness grounded in dignity conceived in its community dimension, we look foward to establish the effectiveness of supervision exercised by the instruments made available by the brazilian system of law at the moment of the protection of the legal immaterial goods, especially intangible heritage collective. Thus, outlined the parameters of material and protection configuration, procedural and extra-procedural, we consider the nature of the indemnification established as a direct result of the verification of the lesion to the collective moral, synonymous of intangible collective heritage. To achieve this latter goal, the allocation of indemnities was investigated, always confronting the general purposes of the Public Civil Action law and specific function of article 13. For last, two special features were detailed and properly correlated to the assumptions set out at the beginning of the dissertation, in order to conclude on the trend of the Superior Court of Justice with regard to the effectiveness of safeguarding the legal interests of immaterial character.
A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a possibilidade de reconhecimento de um patrimônio imaterial coletivo, calcado numa ordem objetiva de valores, cujo fundamento primordial é o artigo 1º da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Após a constatação de o referido dispositivo constitucional fornece os subsídios necessários para a formatação de uma consciência coletiva calcada numa dignidade concebida em sua dimensão comunitária, procura-se estabelecer a efetividade exercida pelos instrumentos de tutela colocados à disposição pelo ordenamento quando da proteção aos bens jurídicos imateriais, mormento o patrimônio imaterial coletivo. Assim, traçados os parâmetros de configuração material e de tutela, processual e extraprocessual, parte para a consideração da natureza da indenização fixada como decorrência direta da verificação de lesão à moral difusa, correlata semântica do patrimônio imaterial coletivo. Para a consecução desse último objetivo, também a destinação das parcelas pecuniárias arrecada foi perscruta, sempre confronto as finalidades gerais da Lei da Ação Civil Pública e a disposição expressa e específica de seu artigo 13. Por derradeiro, dois recursos especiais foram detalhas e devidamente correlacionados às premissas fixadas no início da dissertação, a fim de concluir sobre a tendência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça no que à efetividade de tutela dos bens jurídicos de caráter imaterial
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Moya, Breña Fiorella. "El daño a la persona y daño moral en la responsabilidad civil extracontractual en el Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655719.
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La responsabilidad civil, es una institución jurídica destinada para reparar o resarcir aquel daño o perjuicio causado contra otro sujeto, específicamente en su vertiente extracontractual se han considerado múltiples situaciones las cuales pueden causar severas afectaciones en los sujetos víctimas.
El daño es reconocido como elemento esencial y constitutivo de la responsabilidad civil, implica la vulneración de un interés jurídicamente protegido como hecho generador de un perjuicio o consecuencia negativa en la esfera jurídica de un tercero.
La determinación del daño a la persona y daño moral, ambos entendidos como daño no patrimonial, ha sido una constante problemática en la institución jurídica de la responsabilidad civil, debido a su carácter subjetivo y aparentemente no pasible de resarcimiento.
Sin embargo, resulta preciso considerar la implicancia de la integridad y dignidad humana en él vulnerados, por lo que se evidencia la urgencia de una tutela resarcitoria.Civil liability is a legal institution destined to repair or compensate that damage or injury caused against another subject, specifically in it is extra- contractual aspect, and multiple situations have been considered which can cause severe effects on the victim subjects. Damage is a recognized as an essential and constitutive element of civil liability implies the violation of a legally protected interest as a fact generating damage or negative consequence in the legal sphere of another person. The determination of the damage to the person and moral damage, both understood non- patrimonial damage, has been a constant problem in legal institution of civil liability, due to it is subjective nature and apparently not liable to compensation. However, it is necessary to consider the implication of the violated integrity and human dignity, which is why the urgency of a compensatory protection is evident
Trabajo de investigación
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Orleans, Helen Cristina Leite de Lima. "Melhor idade? A responsabilidade civil em relação ao idoso no contexto familiar." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3232.
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Busca-se no presente estudo tecer alguns comentários sobre tema muito controvertido: a possibilidade, ou não, de condenação à reparação de danos morais nas relações de família envolvendo idosos. Primeiramente, o objetivo será traçar notas sobre a evolução do direito de família e a importância da Constituição de 1988 nesse contexto. Também será dado destaque para os elementos da responsabilidade civil, a noção de dano moral e os direitos garantidos pelo Estatuto do Idoso. Apontado como paradigma para uma melhor análise do tema principal, será analisada a obrigação de reparar danos morais em razão de abandono afetivo de filho menor. O terceiro ponto, por sua vez, pretende trazer à baila a discussão acerca da responsabilidade civil nas relações com idosos no seio da família. Serão enfrentadas questões importantes, introduzidas por uma análise psicanalítica do processo de envelhecimento. Serão estudados qual o conceito de família e de idoso para os fins da responsabilidade civil, os seus elementos aplicados à hipótese, bem como a possibilidade de reparação pecuniária nestes casos.In this paper we seek to make some comments on a very controversial topic: the possibility or not of condemnation for compensation for pain and suffering damage in family relationships involving the elderly. First, the goal is to plot notes on the evolution of family law and the importance of the 1988 Constitution in such context. The elements of liability, the notion of pain and suffering damages and the rights guaranteed by the Elderly Statute will be highlighted. Appointed as a paradigm for a better analysis of the main theme, we will analyze the obligation to repair damages due to emotional abandonment of minor child. The third point, in turn, intends to bring up the discussion of liability in dealings with elders in the family. Important issues will be faced, introduced by a psychoanalytic analysis of the aging process. The concept of family and elderly for the purposes of civil liability will be studied, as well as the elements applied in the event, and also the possibility of monetary compensation in such cases
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Cunha, Eduardo Pessoa Crucho. "Lobo em pele de cordeiro : do discurso Iurdiano aos danos causados aos seus seguidores." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2016. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1251.
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O debate no campo religioso sempre foi próspero nas possibilidades de construção de entendimento da sociedade, nas suas formas de estabelecerem sociabilidades, de interpretarem e/ou de refletirem a perspectiva de uma época. Na contemporaneidade brasileira temos a formulação destas dimensões aliadas a entrada de novos atores e instituições sociais. No caso deste trabalho, específico, a Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD) tendo como seu maior representante e fundador o Bispo Edir Macedo, que desde a década de 1970 vem construindo e ampliando os espaços na vida religiosa brasileira. Presente dos diversos meios de comunicação, tendo na Record sua marca maior, percebe-se
um discurso que ganha corpo pelo aumento significativo de fiéis. No entanto, o que mostrarmos neste trabalho não é a perspectiva de Igreja que se expande, para além, buscamos analisar o discurso iurdiano e suas implicações de natureza ético-jurídica, dos danos causados a fieis que não tiveram suas promessas cumpridas na lógica mercadológica de graças alcançadas em função de ritos e práticas ditadas pela IURD. Além das questões jurídicas cont
extualizamos o contexto social que está inserido os discursos, os danos, mas, principalmente, sua lógica de ação. Isto implica não apenas tratar do aspecto mercadológico da fé, mas inserir esta prática num modelo de sociedade pautado em valores
consumistas do qual os valores mais fundamentais se perdem em função das necessidades mais básicas e, principalmente, do respeito aos princípios éticos morais que norteiam a dignidade humana.The debate in the religious field has always been successful in building possibilities of understanding of society, in its forms of sociability established to interpret and / or reflect the prospect of an era. In Brazilian contemporary formulation of these dimensions we have combined the entry of new actors and social institutions. In the case of this specific work, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) has as its most representative founder Bishop Macedo, who since the 1970s has been building and expanding the spaces in the Brazilian religious life. Gift of various media, ta king its greatest Record brand, one sees a speech that is embodied by the significant increase in believers. However, what we show in this paper is not the perspective of the expanding Church, we analyze the church speech and its implications for ethical and legal nature of the damage caused to the faithful who have not had their promises fulfilled in the marketing logic graces due rites and practices dictated by the UCKG. Besides the legal issues contextualize the social context that is inserted speeches, damage, but mainly its logical action. This implies not only deal with the marketing aspect of the faith, but to include this practice in a society model based on consumerist values which the most fundamental values are lost due to the most basic needs and, above all, respect for moral ethical principles that guide human dignity.
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Rolim, José Francisco de Souza. "A afronta ao direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado (direito geral de personalidade e fundamental) gera ofensa à dignidade e é caso de dano moral à pessoa humana." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7011.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-22The present work has the scope to examine the new paradigms in human relationship with the environment, so that the right can respond effectively to the many emerging demands, without losing sight of the essential component of human dignity. Scientific analysis had as reference the doctrine study, native and foreign country, of the legislation and judicial behavior in face of the subject discussed. From this perspective, to analyze the current predisposition of the law, one seeks to understand how environmental laws can be related to fundamental rights and personality of the individual. By examining this dynamic, being the right to healthy and ecologically balanced environment a fundamental right, this right can perfectly merge with the general right of personality, forming a fundamental right of personality to the environment where humans can fully develop their qualities and essential attributes. The connection of environmental law with the fundamental right and the right to personality is supported on the theory of complexity of Edgar Morin, where it is possible to extend the legal nature of the right to the environment. In addition, the study faces the problem of how damage caused to the environment can affect the human being. For this purpose, the present study turns the attention to the theoretical aspects that allow the configuration of moral damage subject to compensation to the human being compared to the environmental damage. Thus, one can conclude that the ecological damage is not the only damage to the balance of the environment (pure environmental damage), affecting also other fundamental values, such as the right of personality and human dignity (environmental damage reflection or rebound)
O presente trabalho tem o escopo de analisar os novos paradigmas na relação do ser humano com o meio ambiente, a fim de que o Direito possa responder com efetividade às múltiplas demandas emergentes, sem perder de vista o componente essencial da dignidade humana. A análise científica teve como referenciais o estudo de doutrina, pátria e estrangeira, da legislação e do comportamento jurisprudencial que envolve o tema abordado. Sob essa perspectiva, ao analisar a atual predisposição do Direito, busca-se compreender como o direito ambiental pode ser relacionado aos direitos fundamental e de personalidade do indivíduo. Ao se examinar essa dinâmica, sendo o direito ao meio ambiente sadio e ecologicamente equilibrado um direito fundamental, ele pode, perfeitamente, fundir-se ao direito geral de personalidade, formando um direito fundamental de personalidade ao meio ambiente, pelo qual o ser humano poderá desenvolver plenamente suas qualidades e atributos essenciais. A conexão do direito ambiental com o direito fundamental e o direito de personalidade encontra amparo na teoria da complexidade de Edgar Morin, que entende ser possível ampliar a natureza jurídica do direito ao meio ambiente. Além disso, o estudo enfrenta o problema de como os danos causados ao meio ambiente podem afetar a pessoa humana. Com esse propósito, a pesquisa enfatiza os aspectos teóricos que possibilitam configurar dano moral indenizável à pessoa humana quando houver lesão ambiental. Assim, conclui-se que o dano ecológico não consiste apenas e tão-somente na lesão ao equilíbrio do meio ambiente (dano ambiental puro), mas afeta, igualmente, outros valores precípuos fundamentais, como o direito de personalidade e a dignidade humana (dano ambiental reflexo ou ricochete)
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Machagua, Leyva Sheyla Pamela. "Informe para la sustentación de expedientes: Expediente Nº 33591-2008-0-1801-JR-CI-31 / Expediente Nº 15199-2014-0-1801-JR-LA-08." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657043.
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En este presente trabajo de sustentación profesional se realizará una recapitulación del Expediente Nº 15199-2014-0-1801-JR-LA-08, Proceso Ordinario Laboral y el Expediente Nº 33591-2008-0-1801-JR-CI-31, Proceso Abreviado. Además, se incluirá un apartado de opinión analítica de los mismos que se encontraron acompañado con extractos jurisprudenciales y doctrinales relevantes en cada caso.
Por un lado, el proceso laboral se llevó a cabo entre la empresa Securitas S.A.C. y el señor Carlos Quintana Alvino quien interpuso demanda por desnaturalización de contratos y otros.
Por otro lado, el proceso civil se llevó a cabo entre la Sociedad de Beneficencia de Lima y Elizabeth Amanda Palomino Córdova quien interpuso demanda a fin de que la Sociedad de Beneficiencia de Lima cumpla con reembolsar la suma de S/ 338,857.73 soles por concepto de pago de mejoras contractualmente pactadas.In this present professional support work, a recapitulation of File No. 15199-2014-0-1801-JR-LA-08, Ordinary Labor Process and File No. 33591-2008-0-1801-JR-CI-31, Process Abbreviated. In addition, it will include an analytical opinion section of the same that were found accompanied by relevant jurisprudential and doctrinal extracts in each case. On the one hand, the labor process was carried out between the company Securitas S.A.C. and Mr. Carlos Quintana Alvino, who filed a lawsuit for denaturing contracts and others. On the other hand, the civil process was carried out between the Sociedad de Beneficiencia de Lima and Elizabeth Amanda Palomino Cordova who filed a lawsuit so that the Sociedad de Beneficiencia de Lima complies with reimbursing the sum of S / 338,857.73 soles for payment. of contractually agreed improvements.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Franco, Júlio César Silva de Mendonça. "Danos morais : compensabilidade e quantificação /." Franca : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89871.
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Orientador: Geraldo José Guimarães da SilvaBanca: Euclides Celso Berardo
Banca: Artur Marques da Silva Filho
Resumo: O presente trabalho realiza uma abordagem geral sobre o candente tema da compensação das ofensas havidas ao patrimônio imaterial de qualquer pessoa, identificando, em um momento inicial, o que realmente pode ser considerado como dano moral indenizável, pois muitos pretendem a extensão do conceito para toda e qualquer sensação de dissabor ou desconforto, as quais, muitas vezes, fazem parte das simples vicissitudes da vida e por isso mesmo devem ser suportadas sem maiores reflexos no campo da responsabilidade civil. Justifica-se, a seguir, a necessidade de reparação do dano moral e analisam-se as suas características informadoras (compensatória e ressarcitória), que devem ser levadas em conta para a quantificação correspondente. Na seqüência, o estudo se prende a uma verificação detalhada sobre os sujeitos do direito à reparação do dano moral, fazendo um percurso que se inicia na pessoa natural, passa pela pessoa jurídica e chega até à coletividade, debruçando-se, também, sobre a possibilidade de sua transmissão para terceiros e as circunstâncias em que isso poderia se verificar. Ato contínuo, a pesquisa avança sobre o ponto principal de toda a problemática que envolve o dano moral, qual seja, a mensuração do montante indenizatório e lança luzes sobre os sistemas norteadores existentes (aberto, fechado e híbrido), colocando-os em cena para uma dissecação detalhada e individualizada, para depois indicar uma quarta vertente que se mostra mais apropriada e justa, que seria a da mera regulação, única capaz de permitir a escorreita quantificação do prejuízo moral em cada caso concreto. Por fim, a pesquisa acaba se espraiando em questões processuais que têm se mostrado relevantes no campo das demandas que envolvem a compensação do dano moral, onde são apontadas as principais correntes doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais. A contribuição... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso abaixo)
Abstract: This work holds a general approach on the burning issue of compensation for harm held the intangible assets of any person, identifying, in an initial moment, what can be regarded as injury compensation, as many want to extend the concept to all and any sense of disorder or discomfort, which often are part of simple vicissitudes of life and therefore should be supported without major repercussions in the field of civil liability. It is, then the necessity to repair the damage to morale and analyze their characteristics of creation (compensatory and refund), which must be taken into account for the corresponding amount. Following, the study has to do a detailed check on the subject of the right to repair the moral, making a journey that begins in the natural person is through legal and reaches the community, and will focus also on the possibility of its transmission to others and the circumstances in which this could take place. Act continued, the search moves on the key point of the whole issue involving the moral, which is the measurement of the amount compensatory and casts light on the existing guiding systems (open, closed and hybrid) and putting them into play for a detailed dissection and individualized, and then indicate a fourth area that is most appropriate and fair, which would be the mere regulation, only able to allow the accurate quantification of damage morale in each case. Finally, the search has just been spread on procedural issues that have been shown in the relevant field of the complaints involving the compensation of moral damage, which are outlined the main current doctrinal and jurisprudential. The scientific contribution which seeks to bring forth from this work is the elucidation of the most controversial remaining on the moral, and the daring to want to allay the doubts and uncertainties that have just encouraging real industry of inappropriate or abusive litigation.
Mestre
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Wahalathantri, Buddhi Lankananda. "Damage assessment in reinforced concrete flexural members using modal strain energy based method." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/59509/1/Buddhi_Wahalathantri_Thesis.pdf.
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Damage assessment (damage detection, localization and quantification) in structures and appropriate retrofitting will enable the safe and efficient function of the structures. In this context, many Vibration Based Damage Identification Techniques (VBDIT) have emerged with potential for accurate damage assessment. VBDITs have achieved significant research interest in recent years, mainly due to their non-destructive nature and ability to assess inaccessible and invisible damage locations. Damage Index (DI) methods are also vibration based, but they are not based on the structural model. DI methods are fast and inexpensive compared to the model-based methods and have the ability to automate the damage detection process. DI method analyses the change in vibration response of the structure between two states so that the damage can be identified. Extensive research has been carried out to apply the DI method to assess damage in steel structures. Comparatively, there has been very little research interest in the use of DI methods to assess damage in Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures due to the complexity of simulating the predominant damage type, the flexural crack. Flexural cracks in RC beams distribute non- linearly and propagate along all directions. Secondary cracks extend more rapidly along the longitudinal and transverse directions of a RC structure than propagation of existing cracks in the depth direction due to stress distribution caused by the tensile reinforcement. Simplified damage simulation techniques (such as reductions in the modulus or section depth or use of rotational spring elements) that have been extensively used with research on steel structures, cannot be applied to simulate flexural cracks in RC elements. This highlights a big gap in knowledge and as a consequence VBDITs have not been successfully applied to damage assessment in RC structures. This research will address the above gap in knowledge and will develop and apply a modal strain energy based DI method to assess damage in RC flexural members.
Firstly, this research evaluated different damage simulation techniques and recommended an appropriate technique to simulate the post cracking behaviour of RC structures. The ABAQUS finite element package was used throughout the study with properly validated material models. The damaged plasticity model was recommended as the method which can correctly simulate the post cracking behaviour of RC structures and was used in the rest of this study. Four different forms of Modal Strain Energy based Damage Indices (MSEDIs) were proposed to improve the damage assessment capability by minimising the numbers and intensities of false alarms. The developed MSEDIs were then used to automate the damage detection process by incorporating programmable algorithms. The developed algorithms have the ability to identify common issues associated with the vibration properties such as mode shifting and phase change. To minimise the effect of noise on the DI calculation process, this research proposed a sequential order of curve fitting technique. Finally, a statistical based damage assessment scheme was proposed to enhance the reliability of the damage assessment results. The proposed techniques were applied to locate damage in RC beams and slabs on girder bridge model to demonstrate their accuracy and efficiency.
The outcomes of this research will make a significant contribution to the technical knowledge of VBDIT and will enhance the accuracy of damage assessment in RC structures. The application of the research findings to RC flexural members will enable their safe and efficient performance.
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Belfort, Fernando José Cunha. "A responsabilidade do empregador na degradação do meio ambiente do trabalho e suas conseqüências jurídicas no âmbito do direito do trabalho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8194.
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Previous issue date: 2008-06-27The main goal of this thesis is to show that there is no plausible reason for the different treatments given in the assessment of the damage caused to the environment. Indeed, if the deterioration is against the environment we aplly the "teoria da culpa objetiva" (objective damage responsability theory). However, when it comes to accidents suffered by the employee, two situations have to be considered: if the damage caused to the employee derives from the degradation of the environment of work - artificial environment we should consider the" teoria da culpa objetiva" (objective damage responsability theory); But, on the other hand, if the misfortune is not caused by the environmental degradation, such as a typical accident, even though doctrine and jurisprudence may consider the above theory, we shall demonstrate it's unconstitutional interpretation, as seen that this was not the intention of the legislature when implemented the " teoria da culpa subjetiva ou aquiliana" (subjective damage responsability theory). This thesis is solidly supported by the doctrine of both objective and subjective theories. Over all, the environment is a right that belongs to the so-called fundamental rights of third generation, inserted in our constitution. We review the environment of work, its concept , general principles and without altering the essence of them, we rename some principles of our labour environment relating to the ones being used already. We talk about accidents at work, its origin, its causes and consequences, legislation, its concept, theories and responsibilities. We approach the moral responsability (damage), its concept, the comparative law and the historical development in Brazil. Also, the responsibility of environmental damage in its various aspects, features and the rule of our "responsabilidade objetiva" (objective damage responsability theory) in environmental damage, to finally complete this paper showing how to repair the damage in accidents at work. An extensive bibliography has been consulted, including research related to the theme at the Federal Supreme Court and the Senate
O objetivo desta tese é demonstrarmos que não há qualquer razão plausível para os tratamentos distintos que são dados na apuração do dano causado ao meio ambiente. Com efeito, se a degradação é contra o meio ambiente em geral aplica-se a teoria da culpa objetiva . Todavia, quando se trata de acidente do trabalho e é o empregado a vítima o tratamento que se vem encontrando é dúplice: se o dano sofrido pelo empregado é originado da degradação do meio ambiente do trabalho meio ambiente artificial aplica-se a teoria objetiva; mas, se ao revés, o infortúnio não ocorrer da degradação ambiental e se se tratar de acidente tipo ou típico, embora encontremos na doutrina e jurisprudência entonações para que seja, também, aplicada a teoria objetiva demonstraremos que se trata de interpretação inconstitucional, haja vista que não foi essa a intenção do legislador constituinte que manda aplicar a teoria da culpa subjetiva ou aquiliana . A tese é amparada em sólida doutrina sobre responsabilidade civil tanto objetiva como subjetiva. Justificamos ser o meio ambiente direito fundamental pertencente aos chamados direitos fundamentais de terceira geração, inserido em nossa Carta de Princípios. Analisamos o meio ambiente do trabalho, o conceituamos, vimos os princípios ambientais no aspecto geral e sem alterar a essência destes, estabelecemos nomenclaturas próprias para princípios do meio ambiente de trabalho e, igualmente, o que vem disciplinado no nosso ordenamento jurídico. Falamos sobre acidentes do trabalho, sua origem, suas causas e conseqüências, legislação, seu conceito, teorias e as formas de responsabilidade em matéria acidentária. Abordamos o dano moral, seu conceito, vimos as concepções no direito comparado e a evolução histórica no Brasil. Também, vimos a responsabilidade do dano ambiental em seus vários aspectos, características e a regra da responsabilidade objetiva no dano ambiental. Mostramos a reparação do dano nos acidentes de trabalho, para finalmente concluirmos. Uma vasta bibliografia comentada foi consultada, inclusive com incursão perante o acervo do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Senado Federal para identificação de jurisprudência e legislação
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Genari, Helói Francico Gentil. "Damage-Tolerant Modal Control Methods for Flexible Structures." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0032/document.
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Les structures intelligentes sont de plus en plus présentes dans différentes industries et notamment dans les domaines de l'aéronautique et du génie civil. Ces structures sont dotées de fonctions qui leur permettent d'interagir avec leur environnement, d'adapter leurs caractéristiques structurelles (raideur, amortissement, viscosité, etc.) selon les besoins ou de surveiller leur état de santé ou « SHM » (Structural Health Monitoring). Aujourd’hui, les performances des méthodes de contrôle actif peuvent être considérablement dégradées lors de l’apparition d’endommagement. Le contrôle actif tolérant aux dommages ou « DTAC » (Damage Tolerant Active Control) est un champ de recherche récent qui s'intéresse à l'élaboration d'approches intégrées pour réduire les vibrations tout en surveillant l'intégrité de la structure, en identifiant les éventuels dommages, et en reconfigurant la loi de commande.Cette thèse apporte une contribution au DTAC en proposant une approche originale basée sur la norme H∞ modale . Les méthodes proposées se focalisent principalement sur le cas où plusieurs actionneurs et capteurs piézoélectriques non-collocalisés sont utilisés pour atténuer les vibrations des structures endommagées. Le manuscrit comprend quatre parties principales. Le chapitre 2 présente des rappels sur la commande H∞ et sur sa solution sous optimale obtenue par une approche par inégalité matricielle ou « LMI » (Linear Matrix Inequality), sur lesquels s’appuient les développements proposés dans ce travail. Le chapitre 3 décrit la norme H∞ modale introduite pour le contrôle actif des vibrations. Cette commande présente une sélectivité modale élevée, permettant ainsi de se concentrer sur les effets du dommage tout en bénéficiant des propriétés de robustesse qu'offre la commande H∞ vis-à-vis du spillover et des variations de paramètres. Une nouvelle stratégie de rejet des vibrations est proposée au chapitre 4. C'est une approche dite préventive où une prise en compte lors de l'élaboration de la commande H∞ modale, des zones fortement contraintes de la structure, où le risque d’endommagement est élevé est réalisée. Un algorithme SHM est proposé afin d'évaluer la sévérité du dommage pour chaque mode. Le chapitre 5 propose une nouvelle approche modale à double boucle de commande pour faire face à des endommagements imprévisibles. Un premier correcteur est conçu dans ce but pour satisfaire les contraintes de performance et de robustesse sur la structure saine, tandis que le second a pour objectif de conserver un contrôle satisfaisant quand un dommage survient. La loi de commande s'appuie sur un observateur d’état et d'un algorithme SHM pour reconfigurer en ligne le correcteur. Toutes les approches DTAC proposées sont testées en utilisant des simulations (analytiques et éléments finis) et/ou des expérimentations sur des structures intelligentesSmart structures have increasingly become present in different industry applications and particularly in the fields of aeronautics and civil engineering. These structures have features that allow interactions with the environment, adapting their characteristics according to the needs (stiffness, damping, viscosity, etc.), monitoring their health or controlling their vibrations. Today smart structure active control methods do not respond appropriately to damage, despite the capacity of external disturbances good rejection. Damage-tolerant active control (DTAC) is a recent research area that aims to develop integrated approaches to reduce the vibrations while monitoring the integrity of the structure, identifying damage occurrence and reconfiguring the control law of the adopted active vibration control method.This thesis contributes to DTAC area, proposing a novel modal control framework and some applying strategies. Developed methods focus in non-collocated flexible structures, where multiples piezoelectric sensors and actuators are used to attenuate damaged structure vibration. The chapters present four main topics and the conclusions. Chapter 2 reviews the regular suboptimal H∞ problem and its respective solution based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, which is a fundamental tool for the development of subsequent topics. Chapter 3 introduces the modal H∞-norm based method for vibration control, which reveals high modal selectivity, allowing control energy concentration on damage effects and presenting robustness to spillover and parameter variation. A new control strategy is developed in Chapter 4, taking into account existing knowledge about the structure stressed regions with high probability of damage occurrence, leading to specific requirements in the modal H∞ controller design. A structural health monitoring (SHM) technique assesses each damaged mode behavior, which is used to design a preventive controller. Chapter 5 presents a novel modal double-loop control methodology to deal with the unpredictability of damage, nevertheless ensuring a good compromise between robustness and performance to both healthy and damaged structures. For this purpose, the first loop modal controller is designed to comply with regular requirements for the healthy structure behavior, and the second loop controller is reconfigured aiming to ensure satisfactory performance and robustness when and if damage occurs, based on a state-tracking observer and an SHM technique to adapt the controller online. In all these chapters, simulated (analytical and finite elements based) and/or experimental aluminum structures are used to examine the proposed methodology under the respective control strategies. The last chapter subsumes the achieved results for each different approach described in the previous chapters
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Chen, Hua-Peng. "Structural damage identification from measured vibration modal data." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3478/.
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A novel non-linear perturbation theory based on the characteristic equations for structural dynamic systems is developed, which can provide an exact relationship between the perturbation of structural parameters and the perturbation of modal parameters. Then, depending on information about different types of the measured vibration modal data available, a system of governing equations based on the developed theory is derived, which can be utilised for general applications, such as eigendata modification, model updating, and damage identification, suitable for all types of structures, including framed structures and continua. A number of computational procedures based on the derived non-linear governing equations are presented for structural damage identification, which can be suitable for various cases of the measured vibration modal data available, such as only natural frequencies, complete mode shapes, locally complete mode shapes, and incomplete mode shapes. The effectiveness and convergence performance for the proposed approaches are demonstrated by various numerical examples, and the sensitivities of many factors to inverse predictions of structural damage are also investigated. The results for different types of structures, either framed structures or continua, indicate that the proposed approaches can be successful in not only predicting the location of damage but also in determining the extent of structural damage, while at the same time information about only a limited amount of the measured modal data is required. Furthermore, it is found that the proposed approaches are capable of providing information on the exact expanded damaged mode shapes, even if a very limited DOF's readings are available. Structural modelling problems, which have to be considered in structural analysis and damage identification, are discussed. It is shown that structural damage can be identified correctly from the proposed approaches using information about different types of the measured modal data, regardless of different structural models considered and different types of elements used. Therefore, a suitable structural model can be selected in order to properly identify structural damage depending on the available information about modal data
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Davis, Ivan Christopher. "Damage Detection in Aluminum Cylinders Using Modal Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34317.
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Many studies have attempted to detect structural damage by examining differences in the frequency response functions of a structure before and after damage. In an experimental setting, this variation can not be attributed solely to the addition of damage. Other sources of variation include testing and structure variation. Examples of testing variation include the error introduced by modal parameter extraction, measurement noise, and the mass loading of the accelerometer. Structure variability is due to slight differences in the supposedly identical structures. Dimensional tolerancing is one example.
This study began with six "identical" undamaged aluminum cylinders, of which three were later damaged to varying extents. The frequency response functions of the undamaged and damaged cylinders were measured. Also, the frequency response function of the same undamaged cylinder was measured multiple times to investigate testing variation. The contributions of testing, cylinder, and damage variation to the differences between cylinder responses was elucidated by specifically examining their frequency response functions in two ways: comparing the natural frequencies and directly investigating the entire frequency response function. The curvature of the frequency response functions was then used to determined the presence, location, and severity of the imparted damage.Master of Science
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Braz, Alex Trevisan. "Dano moral por inadimplemento contratual e suas consequências." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-10122014-120224/.
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Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar o dano moral decorrente do descumprimento do contrato. O contrato é firmado para que seja cumprido, nem sempre, porém, o é. Do descumprimento do avençado surgem diferentes consequências e o que essa pesquisa pretende esclarecer é que uma dessas consequências pode ser a lesão moral. Através da análise da figura do contrato, dos efeitos de seu descumprimento e do instituto do dano moral, o estudo buscará comprovar que a quebra contratual pode ocasionar danos de diferentes naturezas, inclusive, o de natureza moral. Na verdade, independentemente da origem do dano moral, se no descumprimento do contrato, ou não, a lesão dessa natureza é reparável. A pesquisa pretende, ainda, propor a reunião de determinados contratos, cujo descumprimento comumente causa danos morais, na categoria dos contratos morais. Esses contratos possuem características comuns que os tornam potenciais causadores de danos morais, quando descumpridos. Por fim, fora realizada pesquisa junto ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça no intuito de evidenciar o cenário jurisprudencial acerca do tema. Tal levantamento evidenciou o estabelecimento naquela Corte de uma regra da excepcionalidade do dano moral no caso de descumprimento do contrato, regra essa que, como será demonstrado, não parece aceitável.This study aims to analyze the moral damage resulting from breach of contract. The contract is to be fulfilled, not always, however, it is. The breach of contract has different consequences and what this research intends to clarify is that one of these consequences can be moral damage. Through the analysis of the contract, breach´s effects and the figure of moral damage, the study will seek to prove that the breach of contract may cause damages of different natures, including the moral one. In fact, regardless of the source of moral damages, whether it results from event of failure to comply with any obligation set forth in the contract or not, such injury is repairable. The research also intends to propose an arrangement of certain contracts that whenever breached, usually causes moral damages, in the category of \'moral contracts\'. These contracts have common characteristics that make them potential cause of moral damage, when breached. A research in the Superior Court was also conducted to demonstrate the jurisprudential scenario on the subject. This research showed that the Court established a moral damage exceptionality rule in cases of violation of contract. This rule, however, as will be shown, does not seem acceptable .
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Nguyen, Khac Duy. "Structural damage identification using experimental modal parameters via correlation approach." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/117289/2/Khac%20Duy%20Nguyen.pdf.
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This research provides a new damage identification strategy using experimental modal parameters via correlation approach. Two damage identification algorithms using modal strain energy-eigenvalue ratio (MSEE) are presented. Firstly, a method using a simplified term of MSEE called geometric modal strain energy-eigenvalue ratio (GMSEE) is developed. Secondly, the original method is modified using the full term of MSEE, proving better capability of damage identification when used with fewer vibration modes. Performance of the proposed damage identification algorithms has been successfully validated with a numerical model and some experimental models of various scales from small to large.
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Le, Ngoc Thach. "Structural damage identification using static and modal flexibility-based deflections." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/133428/2/Ngoc_Le_Thesis.pdf.
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This research contributes towards the safe and efficient operation of our infrastructure which are vulnerable to progressive deterioration and damage. Innovative damage detection (DD) methods are proposed herein to detect such damage at the onset to enable appropriate retrofitting and prevent structural failure. These DD methods overcome current difficulties in using popular DD methods based on changes in static and/or modal flexibility-based deflections. First, an innovative deflection-based method is proposed based on explicit relationships between static deflection change and damage characteristics. Next, this method is enhanced for cases where static deflections are estimated indirectly from dynamically measured modal flexibility. The capability of the methods is numerically and experimentally validated for various structures including beams, girder bridges and concrete gravity dams and confirm that the proposed DD methods are reliable to safeguard key civil infrastructure.
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Moradi, Pour Parviz. "An improved modal strain energy method for bridge damage identification." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201001/1/Parviz_Moradi%20Pour_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis improved a modal strain energy (MSE) based damage detection method to detect the damage in bridges. Firstly, an elemental MSE and a sensitivity matrix were mathematically established. Then, it was numerically and experimentally tested on some models such as a fixed-end beam, a three-story frame, the 4-DOF three-story structure of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the I-40 Bridge in New Mexico as a real bridge. The results showed the capability of the proposed method. The research findings will contribute to academic studies and bridge industry to minimize the loss of lives and property by identifying the structural damages.
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Gali, Hakim. "Le préjudice moral en droit de la responsabilité civile." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D235%26selfsize%3D1.
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Le préjudice moral n’a cessé, depuis sa reconnaissance, d’occuper une place croissante dans notre système d’indemnisation. En dépit des réticences initiales, le libéralisme de la jurisprudence, soutenu par les évolutions sociologiques contemporaines, a conduit à une véritable prolifération des figures du préjudice moral. On en trouve désormais trace dans des domaines très divers, sans qu’aucune unité conceptuelle ne les caractérise. Il y a l’inflation nominaliste que connaissent les préjudices moraux consécutifs à un dommage corporel, mais le phénomène déborde largement le domaine de ces atteintes pour concerner celles portées aux droits et attributs de la personnalité, aux intérêts collectifs ou catégoriels, ou encore le domaine de la concurrence déloyale. Le préjudice moral se développe encore dans un cadre original, celui des risques de dommage, et dont l’exemple le plus emblématique est le préjudice d’anxiété. L’hétérogénéité n’est pas seulement conceptuelle, elle est également fonctionnelle. En effet, si l’indemnisation du préjudice moral est parfois prononcée dans le but de réparer les conséquences de l’atteinte à un intérêt extrapatrimonial, elle sert souvent aussi à prévenir des atteintes ou à sanctionner des comportements antisociaux. Le préjudice moral assure à cet égard une véritable fonction normative. Face au constat d’un « éclatement » tant conceptuel que fonctionnel de la notion, la nécessité d’une rationalisation s’est imposée, et a conduit à devoir rechercher, derrière cette hétérogénéité, une unité susceptible de fonder la détermination d’un régime cohérent. Or, l’étude a démontré que si une telle unité ne pouvait être trouvée dans la notion même de préjudice moral, sauf à en réduire considérablement le domaine et l’utilité, elle pouvait néanmoins résulter de la détermination de sous-ensembles à celle-ci. Cette quête a donc abouti à l’émergence de nouvelles catégories : d’une part, les préjudices moraux objectifs, caractérisés par l’atteinte à des intérêts extrapatrimoniaux à dimension universelle formellement reconnus par l’ordre juridique, et d’autre part, les préjudices moraux subjectifs, caractérisées par l’atteinte à des intérêts extrapatrimoniaux à dimension individuelle dont l’admission est plus contingente. Cette clarification conceptuelle a, par ailleurs, permis une rationalisation fonctionnelle, puisqu’elle a conduit à affecter aux premiers une finalité essentiellement normative, et aux seconds une fonction principalement indemnitaire, contribuant ainsi à la cohérence de la responsabilité civileSince its recognition, moral damage has continued to occupy an increasing place in our compensation system. Despite initial reticence, the liberalism of jurisprudence, supported by contemporary sociological evolutions, has led since then to a real proliferation of figures of moral damage. We now find traces of them in very different domains, without any conceptual unity characterizing them. There is the nominalistic inflation experienced by the moral damages resulting from bodily injury, but the phenomenon goes far beyond the domain of these attacks to concern those brought to the rights and attributes of the personality, to the collective or categorical interests, or the field of unfair competition. Moral damage is further developed in an original framework, that of the risks of harm, and of which the most emblematic example is the “prejudice d’anxiété”. Heterogeneity is not only conceptual, it is also functional. Although compensation for non-material damage is sometimes imposed in order to repair the consequences of the infringement of a non-pecuniary interest, it is also often used to prevent harm or to punish antisocial behaviour. In this respect, moral damage ensures a normative function. In the face of the observation of a conceptual and functional break-up of the notion, the need for rationalization has imposed itself, and led to having to look behind this heterogeneity for a unit capable of founding the determination of a regime coherent. However, the study found that if such a unit could not be found in the very concept of non-material damage, except to considerably reduce its scope and utility, it could nevertheless result from the determination of subsets to it. This quest has led to the emergence of new categories: on the one hand, objective moral damage, characterized by the undermining of non-pecuniary interests with a universal dimension formally recognized by the legal order, and on the other hand, subjective moral damage, characterized by the violation of non-pecuniary interests to individual dimension which admission is contingent. This conceptual clarification allowed, a functional rationalization, since it led to assigning to the former a normative purpose, and to the latter a compensatory function, thus contributing to the coherence of civil liability
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Wang, Yi. "Damage assessment in asymmetric buildings using vibration techniques." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120475/1/Yi_Wang_Thesis.pdf.
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This research presents a step forward in the area of structural health monitoring by developing the scientific basis for a method to detect and locate damage in asymmetric building structures accurately and efficiently. The method is based on the changes in the vibration characteristics of asymmetric buildings such as natural frequencies and associated mode shapes. The thesis first investigated the difference in vibration behavior between symmetric and asymmetric buildings and compared the capability of different damage detection methods that uses the vibration characteristics. Then a modified method (MMSE) and an improved method (MCA-DI) were proposed based on the comparative study and verified through experimental testing of a laboratory scale asymmetric setback structure model.
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Thorng, Tedya Raksmey. "L'indemnisation des préjudices dans le droit de la responsabilité civile cambodgien." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3051.
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Notre travail de recherche traite des problématiques de l’indemnisation des préjudices, qu’ils soient patrimoniaux ou extrapatrimoniaux, en droit cambodgien de la responsabilité civile. Il concerne, principalement mais pas exclusivement, les problématiques portant sur les caractères indemnisables du préjudice subi, l’identification des postes de préjudice indemnisables, les modalités d’indemnisation et l’évaluation des préjudices subis. Cette étude présente des avantages dans la mesure où la société cambodgienne actuelle se heurte à l’explosion des risques dans tous les domaines, et que la mentalité des cambodgiens à l’égard des préjudices subis a considérablement changé. Ces constats nous permettent de déduire que les besoins indemnitaires des victimes sont de plus en plus pressants. S’il est vrai que le droit de la responsabilité civile en vigueur pose certaines règles d’indemnisation, mais celles-ci sont parfois insuffisantes ou incohérentes. Dans certains cas, elles ne sont pas équitables et ne correspondent pas aux contextes socio-économiques de la société cambodgienne actuelle. Notre objectif est donc de proposer, sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité, certains remèdes aux règles actuelles d’indemnisation des préjudices afin de permettre à la victime d’obtenir la compensation intégrale ou sinon d’aboutir la plus proche possible à la compensation intégrale des seuls préjudices subis. Également, les solutions proposées pourront permettre d’éviter l’enrichissement de la victime en raison d’un fait dommageable commis par un tiers et de réduire les disparités entre les victimesOur research seeks to address the compensatory damages, both economic loss and moral damages, in Cambodian Civil Liability Law. The compensatory damages that our research focuses on are, mainly but not limited to, the characteristics of the compensable damage, the identification of the type of compensable damages, the modes of compensation, and the evaluation of the damages. Our study is useful insofar as the current Cambodian society is facing the explosion of risks in all areas and the attitude of the people therein towards the damages suffered has significantly changed. These observations allow us to say that the need of compensation for damages becomes more and more necessary. There is no denying that the current Civil Liability Law has adopted some rules for compensation, the numbers thereof are insufficient, and they are sometime incoherent. In some cases, these rules are not equitable and lack consistency with the socio-economic contexts of current Cambodian society. Our goal is to propose, without pretending to be exhaustive, remedies to the current compensatory rules. Hence, the victims could get either full compensation or nearly-full compensation for the damages suffered. The proposed solutions would also prevent enriching the victims due to the third party’s wrongful act as well as discriminating among the victims
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Wang, Liang. "Innovative damage assessment of steel truss bridges using modal strain energy correlation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/53177/1/Liang_Wang_Thesis.pdf.
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As a part of vital infrastructure and transportation network, bridge structures must function safely at all times. Bridges are designed to have a long life span. At any point in time, however, some bridges are aged. The ageing of bridge structures, given the rapidly growing demand of heavy and fast inter-city passages and continuous increase of freight transportation, would require diligence on bridge owners to ensure that the infrastructure is healthy at reasonable cost. In recent decades, a new technique, structural health monitoring (SHM), has emerged to meet this challenge. In this new engineering discipline, structural modal identification and damage detection have formed a vital component. Witnessed by an increasing number of publications is that the change in vibration characteristics is widely and deeply investigated to assess structural damage. Although a number of publications have addressed the feasibility of various methods through experimental verifications, few of them have focused on steel truss bridges. Finding a feasible vibration-based damage indicator for steel truss bridges and solving the difficulties in practical modal identification to support damage detection motivated this research project.
This research was to derive an innovative method to assess structural damage in steel truss bridges. First, it proposed a new damage indicator that relies on optimising the correlation between theoretical and measured modal strain energy. The optimisation is powered by a newly proposed multilayer genetic algorithm. In addition, a selection criterion for damage-sensitive modes has been studied to achieve more efficient and accurate damage detection results. Second, in order to support the proposed damage indicator, the research studied the applications of two state-of-the-art modal identification techniques by considering some practical difficulties: the limited instrumentation, the influence of environmental noise, the difficulties in finite element model updating, and the data selection problem in the output-only modal identification methods.
The numerical (by a planer truss model) and experimental (by a laboratory through truss bridge) verifications have proved the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed damage detection scheme. The modal strain energy-based indicator was found to be sensitive to the damage in steel truss bridges with incomplete measurement. It has shown the damage indicator's potential in practical applications of steel truss bridges. Lastly, the achievement and limitation of this study, and lessons learnt from the modal analysis have been summarised.
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Joo, Won. "CROSS-MODAL EFFECTS OF DAMAGE ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN CORTICAL BONE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1126285139.
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Shih, Hoi Wai. "Damage assessment in structures using vibration characteristics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30319/1/Hoi_Shih_Thesis.pdf.
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Changes in load characteristics, deterioration with age, environmental influences and random actions may cause local or global damage in structures, especially in bridges, which are designed for long life spans. Continuous health monitoring of structures will enable the early identification of distress and allow appropriate retrofitting in order to avoid failure or collapse of the structures. In recent times, structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted much attention in both research and development. Local and global methods of damage assessment using the monitored information are an integral part of SHM techniques. In the local case, the assessment of the state of a structure is done either by direct visual inspection or using experimental techniques such as acoustic emission, ultrasonic, magnetic particle inspection, radiography and eddy current. A characteristic of all these techniques is that their application requires a prior localization of the damaged zones. The limitations of the local methodologies can be overcome by using vibration-based methods, which give a global damage assessment. The vibration-based damage detection methods use measured changes in dynamic characteristics to evaluate changes in physical properties that may indicate structural damage or degradation. The basic idea is that modal parameters (notably frequencies, mode shapes, and modal damping) are functions of the physical properties of the structure (mass, damping, and stiffness). Changes in the physical properties will therefore cause changes in the modal properties. Any reduction in structural stiffness and increase in damping in the structure may indicate structural damage. This research uses the variations in vibration parameters to develop a multi-criteria method for damage assessment. It incorporates the changes in natural frequencies, modal flexibility and modal strain energy to locate damage in the main load bearing elements in bridge structures such as beams, slabs and trusses and simple bridges involving these elements. Dynamic computer simulation techniques are used to develop and apply the multi-criteria procedure under different damage scenarios. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated through numerical examples. Results show that the proposed method incorporating modal flexibility and modal strain energy changes is competent in damage assessment in the structures treated herein.
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Shih, Hoi Wai. "Damage assessment in structures using vibration characteristics." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30319/.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in load characteristics, deterioration with age, environmental influences and random actions may cause local or global damage in structures, especially in bridges, which are designed for long life spans. Continuous health monitoring of structures will enable the early identification of distress and allow appropriate retrofitting in order to avoid failure or collapse of the structures. In recent times, structural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted much attention in both research and development. Local and global methods of damage assessment using the monitored information are an integral part of SHM techniques. In the local case, the assessment of the state of a structure is done either by direct visual inspection or using experimental techniques such as acoustic emission, ultrasonic, magnetic particle inspection, radiography and eddy current. A characteristic of all these techniques is that their application requires a prior localization of the damaged zones. The limitations of the local methodologies can be overcome by using vibration-based methods, which give a global damage assessment. The vibration-based damage detection methods use measured changes in dynamic characteristics to evaluate changes in physical properties that may indicate structural damage or degradation. The basic idea is that modal parameters (notably frequencies, mode shapes, and modal damping) are functions of the physical properties of the structure (mass, damping, and stiffness). Changes in the physical properties will therefore cause changes in the modal properties. Any reduction in structural stiffness and increase in damping in the structure may indicate structural damage. This research uses the variations in vibration parameters to develop a multi-criteria method for damage assessment. It incorporates the changes in natural frequencies, modal flexibility and modal strain energy to locate damage in the main load bearing elements in bridge structures such as beams, slabs and trusses and simple bridges involving these elements. Dynamic computer simulation techniques are used to develop and apply the multi-criteria procedure under different damage scenarios. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated through numerical examples. Results show that the proposed method incorporating modal flexibility and modal strain energy changes is competent in damage assessment in the structures treated herein.
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Bassan, Marcela Alcazas. "As funções da indenização por danos morais e a prevenção de danos futuros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-24112009-133257/.
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Este trabalho aborda os aspectos qualitativos da indenização por danos morais, relacionando-os à prevenção de danos. Por causa da polêmica doutrinária acerca das funções que deve desenvolver a indenização por danos morais, procura-se desvincular a eficácia preventiva da noção de punição. Analisa-se a função punitiva, a começar pela investigação de sua origem - os punitive damages - e dos problemas que traz ao ordenamento jurídico nacional. O estudo das características dos punitive damages demonstra as dificuldades enormes que o instituto apresenta nos países onde é aplicado, bem como as diferenças existentes entre o referido instituto e a indenização punitiva por danos morais. Tendo em vista o fato de que a maior justificativa para a indenização punitiva é a pretensa prevenção de novos danos, investiga-se a função preventiva da responsabilidade civil, em um primeiro momento, para depois localizar na indenização compensatória um escopo tão preventivo quanto o que justifica a adoção da indenização punitiva. A atuação judicial é fundamental para se afastar o efeito punitivo, pois atua na eleição de critérios cuja análise fundamentará o valor da indenização. A indenização fixada de forma justa desperta no responsável pelo dano a cautela necessária à maioria das situações em que os danos morais são isoladamente causados. Para os casos de danos morais \"repetitivos\", ou que atinjam um grande número de pessoas, além da indenização, o ordenamento jurídico oferece alguns instrumentos processuais que possuem um potencial preventivo e que podem ser úteis no refreamento dessas condutas. Desse modo, pode-se concluir a indenização por danos morais, tão-somente compensatória é a forma de reparação mais adequada aos danos morais para o nosso ordenamento.This study addresses the qualitative aspects of the indemnification for moral damage, relating them to prevention of these damages. Because of the controversy about the roles that the indemnification should develop, it tries to separate the preventive efficacy of the concept of punishment. It analyses the punitive role to begin the investigation of its origin the punitive damages - and the problems that it brings to the national legal system. The study of characteristics of the punitive damages shows the enormous difficulties that the institute presents where it is applied, and the differences between the institute and by punitive indemnification. In view of the fact that the major justification for punitive indemnification is the prevention of further damage, it was investigated the preventive function of liability it at first, and then, find in compensatory damages as a scope as preventive which justifies the adoption of punitive damages. The judge action is essential to avoid the punitive effect, because it acts in the election of criteria whose analysis of the value base compensation. The compensation fixed fairly awakens liable for damage in the care needed for most situations in which damage is caused in isolate way. For the cases of moral damage \"repetitive,\" or they reach a large number of people, in addition to damages, the law offers some procedural instruments that have a potential preventive and can be useful in reducing these behaviors. Thus, we can conclude the compensation for moral damages as compensation-only is the most appropriate way to repair the damage to our judicial system.
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Pino-Emhart, Alberto. "Apologies and damages : the moral demands of tort law as a reparative mechanism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5c1de602-c8a4-4de0-aa6c-4f4e8ec975be.
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This thesis seeks to justify on moral grounds the existence of tort systems. The argument is that corrective justice is necessary but not sufficient to succeed at this task. Corrective justice is necessary because it is the only principle that can adequately justify the bilateral structure of tort litigation between claimants and defendants, and full compensatory damages as the default remedy in most tort systems. However, it is argued that the critiques to corrective justice lead us to the important lesson that tort law is more than just corrective justice. Three gaps of corrective justice are identified: the equivalence between gains and losses, the definition of what counts as a tort, and the diversity of remedies. The thesis offers a solution to these problems based on the values of restorative and distributive justice. It is argued that restorative justice plays an important role in tort law, providing an apologetic framework for material compensation (the message that money awards communicate), but especially for symbolic remedies, such as apologies, nominal damages, non-pecuniary damages, punitive damages, and gain-based damages, solving the diversity of remedies problem. This restorative framework of tort remedies is compatible with corrective justice. Distributive justice also plays an important role in tort law. Even though corrective and distributive justice are conceptually separate concepts, in the context of tort law they cannot be separated. It is argued that the definition of what counts as a tort involves a distributive task. Following this argument, the thesis argues that there is a distributive uneasiness in tort law, because tort law protects some interests regardless of how they were acquired, and regardless of whether their distribution amounts to an unfair distribution of resources. It is suggested that the distributive mechanism of insurance can solve, or at least ameliorate, this uneasiness.
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Косар, А. І. "Особливості визначення моральної шкоди." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19743.
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Shin, Seoungha. "Statistical FE model updating for probabilistic damage assessment using modal flexibility residual error." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.583323.
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There have been increasing economic and societal demands to ensure the safety of structures against both long-term and short-term damage, and adequate performance during the life span of structures. In this work, a statistical FE model updating using the modal flexibility residual error, which is defined as the difference between the measured modal flexibility and the theoretical one from the FE model, is proposed for the probabilistic damage assessment. On the basis that the structural parameters in the FE model and the measured modal parameters exhibit uncertainties, it is of considerable importance to analyze the influences from both the FE model and the measured modal parameters on the damage identification results. Therefore, the proposed method are formulated on the basis of integrating the conventional FE model updating method with the perturbation statistical framework, and thus employ the probability algorithms, aiming at evaluating the effect of uncertainties in the damage identification results. The idea is that by expanding each term in the conventional FE model updating equations with second-order Taylor series expansion, two recursive systems of equations are derived for estimating the first two moments (mean and covariance) of random structural parameters. The derived means and covariance of random structural parameters are second-order accuracy, as approximating the non linear function between the structural parameters and the modal flexibility. The numerical studies of a cantilever beam are presented to illustrate the proposed method from not only detecting damages but also assessing damages in terms of probability under different level of uncertainties in the FE model and the measured modal flexibility. The results are verified by the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, and the distribution of structural parameters of the FE model is accepted as normal distribution with a confidence level of 95%. After simulations, it is found that the proposed method is more vulnerable to the random errors in the measured modal flexibility than in structural parameters of the FE model. The effects of modally and spatially incomplete information of modal parameters, and multiple and different level of damage are. also investigated. Numerical simulations of a four-storey building are employed to compare the proposed method with another probabilistic damage assessment method, namely Bayesian probabilistic method. The results showed that the accuracy and robustness of the damage assessment using the proposed method are slightly lower than Bayesian probabilistic method, when there exist huge damages at multiple locations. However, when there exist small damages in the structure, accuracy and robustness of the damage detection using the proposed method are slightly higher than Bayesian probabilistic method. Lastly, experimental applications using the adhesively bonded GFRP beams are conducted in order to verify the proposed method. For comparison, three Non-FE model based damage assessment methods are also employed. The results showed that when the damage is severe, i.e. three GFRP plates are removed, both the proposed method and the considered three Non-Model based methods are able to identify the location and severity of the damage. However, when the damage is mild or insignificant the considered Non- model based methods are not clearly identify the location and severity of the damage, but the proposed method approximately assess the location and severity of the damage