Journal articles on the topic 'Moral and legal aspects'
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Стрижова, Ирина Викторовна, and Мария Евгеньевна Стрижова. "Morals, values and laws: philosophical, legal and psychological aspects." Pedagogical Review, no. 3(55) (June 17, 2024): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2024-3-136-145.
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В статье рассматривается вопрос о взаимосвязи морали, нравственности, права в философско-правовом и психологическом аспектах. Авторы отмечают целесообразность изучения взаимосвязи именно трех этих категорий, а не традиционных пар «мораль – нравственность», «нравственность – право» и «мораль – право». С позиции философии права мораль испытывает на себе влияние внешних воздействий в форме правовых норм, но и само право определяется моральными ориентирами. В психологическом аспекте взаимосвязи морали, нравственности и права в сознании индивида изначально не существует, она возникает и развивается по мере становления его самосознания. «Вращивание» правовых и моральных представлений в нравственные убеждения происходит по мере осознания индивидом ответственности за свой поступок, которая бывает нравственной (внутренней, субъективной) и специальной (внешней, объективной). Первый вид состоит в наполнении поступка личностным смыслом, второй – в установлении соответствия поступка моральным и правовым нормам. Понимание сложного механизма взаимосвязи и взаимопереходов морали, нравственности и права позволяет выстроить этапы формирования такого системного психического образования, как нравственная надежность. По мнению авторов, нравственная надежность отражает единство трех рассмотренных категорий и включает в себя процессы когнитивной обработки информации, нравственного осмысления, регуляции и рефлексии поведения в ситуации решения нравственных задач. The article examines the issue of the interpretation of morals, values, and laws in philosophical, legal and psychological aspects. The authors note the expediency of studying these three categories, in not the traditional pairs “morals-values”, “values- laws” and “morals-laws”. From the position of legal philosophy, morality is influenced by external influences in the form of legal norms, but law itself is determined by moral guidelines. The interrelation between these categories does not initially exist in the consciousness of an individual; it arises and develops as their self-awareness develops. The “growing” of legal and moral ideas into valuable beliefs occurs as the individual takes the responsibility for his action, which can be moral (internal, subjective) and special (external, objective). The first type consists in filling the action with personal meaning, the second – the action to be done in accordance with moral and legal norms. Understanding the complex mechanism of interrelation and mutual transitions of morals, values and laws allows us to reveal the stages of formation of systemic psychological education as moral reliability. According to the authors, moral reliability reflects the unity of the three categories and includes the mechanisms of functioning moral-semantic, cognitive, regulatory and behavioral actions in the situation of choosing a way to obtain material benefits.
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Schenker, Joseph G. "Preembryo: Medical, Moral, and Legal Aspects." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 17, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1982.
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Lang, P. P. "Human rights activities: legal and moral aspects." Juridical Journal of Samara University 7, no. 2 (October 19, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2021-7-2-14-20.
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The article considers human rights activities as a phenomenon that constitutes an integral part of the legal society. It identifies problems of a theoretical and practical nature associated with difficulties in this area, caused by both the COVID-19 pandemic and other reasons. An attempt has been made to assess the legal and moral and ethical aspects of such a necessary activity at the present stage of the development of public relations, attention is paid to the position of international bodies regarding human rights activities, its goals and objectives. The importance and relevance of the topic is explained by the fact that, in the opinion of human rights defenders themselves, the entire system of human rights protection, created after one of the most terrible periods in modern world history, is going through a crisis at this historical stage, which is increasingly aggravated under the influence of numerous problems of political and economic nature. Military conflicts, migration, a pandemic clearly demonstrate the obvious need to address the issue of the essence of human rights activities, including its moral and ethical component.
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Gleave, Robert. "Moral Assessments and Legal Categories." Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 21 (January 4, 2022): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.9375.
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In this chapter, I examine the discussion around the rational and moral basis for legal categories in postclassical Imāmī Twelver Shīʿī legal theory. The debate was pushed forward by the Akhbārī movement in the 17th century CE; they proposed a novel position concerning the rational basis for the law in which reason can determine certain moral aspects of an action (e.g., a good action can be recognised by reason, and its performance attracts praise), but not legal elements (e.g., that the performance of a good action deserves a reward beyond praise). This leaves, for them, the Lawgiver (that is, God) to connect the moral aspects of an act with its legal consequences (that is punishment for a morally bad action and reward for a morally good action); that causal connection cannot be made by reason alone. Based on these findings, I conclude that Akhbārī moral theory, often read along literalist lines, showcases an adherence to the Muʿtazilī-derived framework common to the Imāmī Twelver Shīʿī theology and law generally, whilst also reserving ultimate legal authority to God.
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Lützén, Kim, Tammy Blom, Béatrice Ewalds-Kvist, and Sarah Winch. "Moral stress, moral climate and moral sensitivity among psychiatric professionals." Nursing Ethics 17, no. 2 (February 25, 2010): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009351951.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between work-related moral stress, moral climate and moral sensitivity in mental health nursing. By means of the three scales Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and Work-Related Moral Stress, 49 participants’ experiences were assessed. The results of linear regression analysis indicated that moral stress was determined to a degree by the work place’s moral climate as well as by two aspects of the mental health staff’s moral sensitivity. The nurses’ experience of ‘moral burden’ or ‘moral support’ increased or decreased their experience of moral stress. Their work-related moral stress was determined by the job-associated moral climate and two aspects of moral sensitivity. Our findings showed an association between three concepts: moral sensitivity, moral climate and moral stress. Despite being a small study, the findings seem relevant for future research leading to theory development and conceptual clarity. We suggest that more attention be given to methodological issues and developing designs that allow for comparative research in other disciplines, as well as in-depth knowledge of moral agency.
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Hoian, I. M. "AXIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MORAL AND LEGAL DECISION-MAKING." Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, no. 16 (December 16, 2019): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/ampr.v0i16.187572.
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Shifinan, Pinhas. "Artificial Techniques of Procreation: Legal and Moral Aspects." Israel Law Review 27, no. 4 (1993): 600–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700011523.
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The Psalmist's wrote: “For my father and my mother have forsaken me, but the Lord will take me up”. The eleventh-century commentator Rashi explains that this abandoned child, forsaken by his father and mother, is actually a fetus. “For my mother and father have forsaken me— [i.e.] during coition, they thought of their own enjoyment, and having finished their enjoyment, he turns away and she turns away;But the Lord will take me up— [i.e.] the Holy One Blessed Be He protects the semen and creates the fetus”. This graphic and surprisingly poignant depiction of the bedroom is an attempt to portray man's existential solitude from the very moment of conception. He is abandoned by his parents, who were partners to his conception. They forsake him as soon as they complete their sexual intercourse, since their exertions were meant for pleasure, not for childbirth. At this point, intercession comes from God, whom the Sages elsewhere say is the third partner to the creation of man. God assumes responsibility for the continued development of the embryo from conception onward. The underlying assumption of this view is that childbirth is an incidental byproduct of sexual relations, which are primarily intended for mutual pleasure.
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Parent, Bea. "Moral, ethical, and legal aspects of infection control." American Journal of Infection Control 13, no. 6 (December 1985): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(85)90030-6.
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Popovich, Terezia. "MORAL ASPECTS OF DUTY AS A VALUE." European Socio-Legal & Humanitarian Studies, no. 1 (June 18, 2024): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.61345/2734-8873.2024.1.20.
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Law and morality are integral and important components of modern society and play an important role in regulating relations within it. Norms of law and morality are closely intertwined in the process of social regulation, which determines the mutual influence on the essential content of each of them. The interaction of the two categories is reflected in the fact that the law contributes to the realization of moral principles in the minds of all members of society, in turn, under the influence of moral requirements, the law is constantly improved and increases its role as a social regulator of social relations. In addition, the interaction of morality and law is manifested in the fact that today both the national law of most states of the world and international law use such well-known principles as humanism, justice, equality, integrity, which are a reflection of the influence of moral principles on the formation of law in general. In other words, legal norms, in order to ensure the effectiveness of their action, respond to the moral requirements of modern society, reflecting them in their content. It is no less important to pay attention to the implementation of moral aspects in the formulation of legal obligations incumbent on citizens, since the level of their implementation and compliance directly depends on the level of implementation of moral principles and values prevailing in society. Regarding the moral aspects of duty as a value, it is worth noting that the process of formation of a legal duty was closely related to the precepts of morality, which was also reflected in the modern interpretation of duties. That is why we consider it expedient to investigate legal duty as a value for the presence of moral aspects in it and the importance of moral aspects in modern legal duty.
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Escolar-Chua, Rowena L. "Moral sensitivity, moral distress, and moral courage among baccalaureate Filipino nursing students." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 4 (June 29, 2016): 458–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016654317.
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Background: Moral distress, moral sensitivity, and moral courage among healthcare professionals have been explored considerably in recent years. However, there is a paucity of studies exploring these topics among baccalaureate nursing students. Aim/objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between and among moral distress, moral sensitivity, and moral courage of undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students. Research design: The research employed a descriptive-correlational design to explore the relationships between and among moral distress, moral sensitivity, and moral courage of undergraduate nursing students. Participants and research context: A total of 293 baccalaureate Filipino nursing students who have been exposed to various clinical areas participated in the study. Ethical considerations: Institutional review board approval was sought prior to the conduct of the study. Self-determination was assured and anonymity and confidentiality were guaranteed to all participants. Findings: Results indicate that a majority of the nursing students in the clinical areas encounter morally distressing situations that compromise quality patient care. However, despite the fact that they want to do what is in the best interest of their patients, their perception of being the inexperienced among the healthcare team drives the majority of them to ignore morally distressing situations to avoid conflict and confrontation. Another interesting finding is that 79.20% of the respondents hardly consider quitting the nursing profession even if they frequently encounter morally distressing situations. Analysis also shows associations between moral distress intensity and frequency ( r = 0.13, p < 0.05) and moral distress intensity and moral sensitivity ( r = 0.25, p < 0.05). The dimensions of moral courage are also related to both moral distress and moral sensitivity. Conclusion: Results of the study imply that moral distress is a reality among all healthcare professionals including nursing students and requires more consideration by nurse educators.
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Kudeikina, Inga, Marina Losevich, Aigars Laizans, and Nataliya O. Gutorova. "Providing healthcare outside working hours: moral and legal aspects." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 2, no. 26 (October 2023): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.26.2023.2.18-27.
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It would often be in the public interest for persons with special knowledge, including the so-called liberal profession-als, to exercise their skills voluntarily, as long as a need for their services arises: for example, a healthcare practitionerwould provide treatment to anyone in need of emergency care, architects would act as soon as there is a mention ofa crack in the load-bearing wall of an apartment building and judges would judge a court on holidays if need arises.But the legal duty to act can be demanded from those who are legally assigned this task only. For all the stakeholders,legal certainty in healthcare is an issue of major importance. To contribute to this aspect, this study aims to detect thelegal and ethical framework of the medical practitioner’s obligation to provide treatment outside of working hours. Thescientific literature, case-law, legal acts and court judgements were studied; the analytic, doctrinal, comparative andmodelling methods were applied; the general legal norm interpretation methods were used. The authors conclude thatoutside of working hours, medical practitioners are exempt from their legal responsibilities, are guided by moral normsand general citizens’ obligations only and have the right to refuse to provide professional healthcare services. Theinconsistency among legal scholars and legal and medical practitioners concerning the duties of healthcare profes-sionals during their rest time was detected. The recommendations are proposed to ensure legal certainty and achieveconsentaneity among the stakeholders.
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Metselaar, Suzanne, and Bert Molewijk. "Fostering moral resilience through moral case deliberation." Nursing Ethics 30, no. 5 (August 2023): 730–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09697330231183085.
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Moral distress forms a major threat to the well-being of healthcare professionals, and is argued to negatively impact patient care. It is associated with emotions such as anger, frustration, guilt, and anxiety. In order to effectively deal with moral distress, the concept of moral resilience is introduced as the positive capacity of an individual to sustain or restore their integrity in response to moral adversity. Interventions are needed that foster moral resilience among healthcare professionals. Ethics consultation has been proposed as such an intervention. In this paper, we add to this proposition by discussing Moral Case Deliberation (MCD) as a specific form of clinical ethics support that promotes moral resilience. We argue that MCD in general may contribute to the moral resilience of healthcare professionals as it promotes moral agency. In addition, we focus on three specific MCD reflection methods: the Dilemma Method, the Aristotelian moral inquiry into emotions, and CURA, a method consisting of four main steps: Concentrate, Unrush, Reflect, and Act. In practice, all three methods are used by nurse ethicists or by nurses who received training to facilitate reflection sessions with these methods. We maintain that these methods also have specific elements that promote moral resilience. However, the Dilemma Method fosters dealing well with tragedy, the latter two promote moral resilience by including attention to emotions as part of the reflection process. We will end with discussing the importance of future empirical research on the impact of MCD on moral resilience, and of comparing MCD with other interventions that seek to mitigate moral distress and promote moral resilience.
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Adkhamovich, Adkhamov Anwar. "PAYMENT FOR MORAL DAMAGE IN COURT ORDER SOME ASPECTS OF COLLECTION." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 5, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume05issue09-04.
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The development of market relations in our country, the rapid development of the processes of democratization of society presupposes the creation of a legal system aimed at reliably protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the individual. After all, in accordance with the second part of Article 13 of the new Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, democracy in the Republic of Uzbekistan is based on universal principles, according to which a person, his life, freedom, honor, dignity and other integral rights are of high value. This constitutional norm itself indicates that the issue of protecting the rights of citizens is of urgent importance. It is from the important rights of citizens enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan that the recovery of moral damage, a relatively new civil-legal tool for protecting the personal and non-personal rights of citizens, is considered.
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Zhuravska, D. A., and I. P. Bakhnovska. "ASPECTS OF THE MORAL-LEGAL CULTURE OF THE LAWYER." Comparative-analytical law 5 (2019): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0390/2019.5.3.
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Nowak, Ewa. "Mediterranean drama: pragmatic, legal and moral aspects of hospitality." Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna 4, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fped.2015.4.2.20.
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Gazzard, B. G. "AIDS a Moral Issue -- Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects." Journal of Medical Ethics 18, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.18.1.51-a.
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McCarthy, Joan, and Chris Gastmans. "Moral distress." Nursing Ethics 22, no. 1 (December 10, 2014): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014557139.
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Aim: The aim of this review is to examine the ways in which the concept of moral distress has been delineated and deployed in the argument-based nursing ethics literature. It adds to what we already know about moral distress from reviews of the qualitative and quantitative research. Data sources: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, Academic Search Complete, PsycInfo, Philosophers’ Index and Socindex. Review methods: A total of 20 argument-based articles published between January 1984 and December 2013 were analysed. Results: We found that like the empirical literature, most authors in this review draw on Jameton’s original definition and describe moral distress in psychological–emotional–physiological terms. They also agree that moral distress is linked to the presence of some kind of constraint on nurses’ moral agency, and that it is best understood as a two-staged process that can intensify over time. There is also consensus that moral distress has an important normative meaning, although different views concerning the normative meaning of moral distress are expressed. Finally, the authors generally agree that moral distress arises from a number of different sources and that it (mostly) affects negatively on nurses’ personal and professional lives and, ultimately, harms patients. However, despite this consensus, many authors take issue with the way in which moral distress is conceptualized and operationalized. Moreover, while some worry that identifying nurses as a group of health professionals whose voices are ignored or marginalized might disempower nurses and encourage them to avoid their moral responsibilities, others take situations involving moral distress as indicative of more fundamental, structural inequities at the heart of contemporary healthcare provision. Conclusion: We conclude that research on moral distress in nursing is timely and important because it highlights the specifically moral labour of nurses. However, we suggest that significant concerns about the conceptual fuzziness and operationalization of moral distress also flag the need to proceed with caution.
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Triwahyuningsih, Triwahyuningsih. "Emancipatory Of Legal Transendency In Indonesia: Study Of Moral Aspects In The Making Of Laws And Regulations In Indonesia." Journal of Transcendental Law 1, no. 2 (December 14, 2019): 124–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v1i2.9132.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: This paper aims to answer the question of how the relationship between law and moralism, as well as how to internalize moral principles in making laws and regulations in Indonesia. Methodology: This study used a philosophical approach that aimed to explore the relationship between law and morals from the perspective of John Austin, Kelsen, and H. L. A Hart. It also used the transcendental perspectives in exploring the importance of internalizing moral principles in making laws and regulations in Indonesia. The research method in the article used descriptive normative research methods, with interpretative data processing techniques regarding the importance of moral aspects in making laws and regulations in Indonesia. Findings: The dominance of the philosophy of positivism has broad implications. The closure of the law to morality raised by adherents of legalism, legal positivism, or reinerechtslehre does not only raise injustice everywhere but also appear with a face of totalitarian or repressive law. Law and moral relations, according to John Austin (1790-1859), are diametrically separated and tend to favor the law (the law negates morals), while Hans Kelsen and Austin place religious and moral inferiority while favoring positive law. According to Kelsen, the law deals with the form (formal), not the content (material); then, Hart tries to offer the principle of morality as a minimum legal requirement in which the pattern of the relationship is cooperative or independent dialogue. Whereas in the transcendent perspective, law and morals are in a dialogue-integrative relationship. The legislators should have spiritual intelligence; that is, they do not want to be bound and limited by existing standards but want to go beyond and transcend the existing situations (transcendental). With spirituality, the legislators, who are in accordance with the principle, can produce laws that show the emancipatory of legal transcendency. The laws do not only humanize humans but are also oriented to moral values that originate from God. Benefit: The benefit of this paper is to be the basis for guarding moral values in making the Law, starting from the preparation and initiative for the submission of the draft law, discussion of the draft law, and approval of the draft law. Originality/novelty: Internalization of moral principles in law can produce laws that can make people happy and answer the problems of human life. At least three elements are fulfilled, namely justice, efficacy, and legal certainty. Keywords: transcendency, morals, the formation of laws
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Korolenko, Vyktor, and Vladymyr Shenkevich. "Modern aspects of moral health of schools." Scientific visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 65, no. 2 (2019): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-65-2-154-157.
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Moral education is one of the forms of moral inheritance in society. In the perception of modern society moral is a synonym of ethics. Thus, the term «moral education» means the process of the purposeful forming of child moral values and reinforcement the habit complex which is proper to the norms and moral accepted in a society. Nowadays, when the standards of legal cruelty are widely presented in mass media, entertaining programs and computer games which children are involved in since their preschool age, moral education of young people claims special attention. In the present paper the problem of schoolchildren moral development and socialization is considered. Taking into account current pedagogical conditions various approaches to the issue particularly the ways of the modern youth psychological impact efficiency improvement have been analyzed. The results of the conducted research show the need for higher school children socialization level since it’s the basis of the personality development. The importance of innovative pedagogical achievements use in the course of young people moral education is stressed. Moral education is one of the forms of inheritance of morality in society. A moral is in understanding of modern society, is the synonym of ethics. Thus, under moral education it is possible to understand the process of the purposeful forming for the child of the moral settings, and also fixing of habits of conduct, proper to the norms and moral, accepted in society. Presently, when the standards of legal cruelty with people are widely presented in mass medias, entertaining transmissions and films, and also in computer games which children master from preschool age, moral education of children must spare the special attention.
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Kucharczyk, Emilia, Tomasz Busłowicz, Michał Puła, Natalia Kucharczyk, and Martyna Zakrocka. "Xenotransplantation - current social, ethical, religious, and legal aspects." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 43, no. 1 (August 15, 2023): 242–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2023.43.01.019.
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Introduction: Xenotransplantology, the field of transplantation involving organs or tissues between different species, holds great promise for addressing the global organ shortage crisis. However, the development of new technologies without proper legislative preparation raises significant moral and ethical considerations. This paper provides an overview of the current state of xenotransplantology, highlighting its revolutionary potential alongside the moral dilemmas it entails. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to assess current social, ethical, religious, and legal trends regarding the issue of xenotransplantation. Materials and methods: To obtain up-to-date information concerning trends in xenotransplantation, a review of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, along with the latest legislative reports in both Europe and Poland, was performed. Conclusions: Firstly, the authors briefly report on the current situation concerning transplantology and the widely spread organ donor crisis. Next, the issue of species boundaries and the moral status of non-human animals is addressed. The assessment of ethical implications of utilizing animals as organ donors is examined, along with the legal acts regulating this issue. Moreover, the authors attempt to evaluate the cultural and religious differences related to this concern. Furthermore, this study discusses the allocation and distribution of xenotransplants, considering issues of justice, fairness, and access to this innovative medical technology. Lastly, the paper delves into the risks and uncertainties associated with xenotransplantation, including the possibility of cross-species disease transmission and intensified course of organ rejection disease.
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Slováčková, Birgita, and Ladislav Slováček. "Moral Judgement Competence and Moral Attitudes of Medical Students." Nursing Ethics 14, no. 3 (May 2007): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733007075867.
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A cross-sectional study explored the moral judgement competence and moral attitudes of 310 Czech and Slovak and 70 foreign national students at the Medical Faculty of Charles University in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. Lind's Moral Judgement Test was used to evaluate moral judgement competence and moral attitudes depending on factors such as age, number of semesters of study, sex, nationality and religion. Moral judgement competence decreased significantly in the Czech and Slovak medical students as they grew older; in medical students from other countries it did not significantly increase. The influence of other factors (sex, nationality and religion) on moral judgement competence was not proven in either the Czech and Slovak or the foreign national medical students. Moral attitudes do not change; the Czech and Slovak as well as the foreign students preferred the post-conventional levels of moral judgement (Kohlberg's 5th and 6th stages). The fact that the Czech and Slovak students' moral judgement competence decreased with age and number of semesters of study completed is not an optimistic sign: medical students who had undergone a lower number of semesters of study were morally more competent.
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Umarova, Iroda. "LEGAL CAPACITY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: IS IT POSSIBLE? LEGAL AND MORAL-ETHICAL ASPECT." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue02-13.
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This article will discuss the possibility of endowing artificial intelligence with legal capacity in general and the legal regulation of legal relations related to the creation of IP objects with artificial intelligence in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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Mazurenko, S. V. "Legal Principles of Child’s Intellectual Property Rights in Ukraine: Moral and Legal Aspects." Legal Novels 2, no. 22 (2024): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/ln.2024.22.2.1.
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McCarthy, Joan, and Rick Deady. "Moral Distress Reconsidered." Nursing Ethics 15, no. 2 (March 2008): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733007086023.
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Moral distress has received much attention in the international nursing literature in recent years. In this article, we describe the evolution of the concept of moral distress among nursing theorists from its initial delineation by the philosopher Jameton to its subsequent deployment as an umbrella concept describing the impact of moral constraints on health professionals and the patients for whom they care. The article raises worries about the way in which the concept of moral distress has been portrayed in some nursing research and expresses concern about the fact that research, so far, has been largely confined to determining the prevalence of experiences of moral distress among nurses. We conclude by proposing a reconsideration, possible reconstruction and multidisciplinary approach to understanding the experiences of all health professionals who have to make difficult moral judgements and decisions in complex situations.
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Woods, Martin. "Beyond moral distress." Nursing Ethics 21, no. 2 (March 2014): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733013512741.
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Fida, Roberta, Carlo Tramontano, Marinella Paciello, Mari Kangasniemi, Alessandro Sili, Andrea Bobbio, and Claudio Barbaranelli. "Nurse moral disengagement." Nursing Ethics 23, no. 5 (August 2016): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015574924.
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Background: Ethics is a founding component of the nursing profession; however, nurses sometimes find it difficult to constantly adhere to the required ethical standards. There is limited knowledge about the factors that cause a committed nurse to violate standards; moral disengagement, originally developed by Bandura, is an essential variable to consider. Research objectives: This study aimed at developing and validating a nursing moral disengagement scale and investigated how moral disengagement is associated with counterproductive and citizenship behaviour at work. Research design: The research comprised a qualitative study and a quantitative study, combining a cross-validation approach and a structural equation model. Participants and research context: A total of 60 Italian nurses (63% female) involved in clinical work and enrolled as students in a postgraduate master’s programme took part in the qualitative study. In 2012, the researchers recruited 434 nurses (76% female) from different Italian hospitals using a convenience sampling method to take part in the quantitative study. Ethical considerations: All the organisations involved and the university gave ethical approval; all respondents participated on a voluntary basis and did not receive any form of compensation. Findings: The nursing moral disengagement scale comprised a total of 22 items. Results attested the mono-dimensionality of the scale and its good psychometric properties. In addition, results highlighted a significant association between moral disengagement and both counterproductive and citizenship behaviours. Discussion: Results showed that nurses sometimes resort to moral disengagement in their daily practice, bypassing moral and ethical codes that would normally prevent them from enacting behaviours that violate their norms and protocols. Conclusion: The nursing moral disengagement scale can complement personnel monitoring and assessment procedures already in place and provide additional information to nursing management for designing interventions aimed at increasing compliance with ethical codes by improving the quality of the nurses’ work environment.
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Repenshek, Mark. "Moral Distress: Inability to Act or Discomfort with Moral Subjectivity?" Nursing Ethics 16, no. 6 (November 2009): 734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009342138.
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Amidst the wealth of literature on the topic of moral distress in nursing, a single citation is ubiquitous, Andrew Jameton’s 1984 book Nursing practice. The definition Jameton formulated reads ‘... moral distress arises when one knows the right thing to do, but institutional constraints make it nearly impossible to pursue the right course of action’. Unfortunately, it appears that, despite the frequent use of Jameton’s definition of moral distress, the definition itself remains uncritically examined. It seems as if the context of how moral distress arises (i.e. anger, frustration etc.) has been co-opted as its definition. This current work suggests that the current definition is not moral distress as defined by Jameton, but rather, in large part, nursing’s discomfort with moral subjectivity in end-of-life decision making. A critical examination of how the Catholic tradition’s normative ethical framework accounts for moral subjectivity in end-of-life decision making serves to aid nursing’s discomfort and as a starting point to recontextualize moral distress.
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Borhani, Fariba, Abbas Abbaszadeh, Elham Mohamadi, Erfan Ghasemi, and Mohammad Javad Hoseinabad-Farahani. "Moral sensitivity and moral distress in Iranian critical care nurses." Nursing Ethics 24, no. 4 (September 28, 2015): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015604700.
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Background: Moral sensitivity is the foremost prerequisite to ethical performance; a review of literature shows that nurses are sometimes not sensitive enough for a variety of reasons. Moral distress is a frequent phenomenon in nursing, which may result in paradoxes in care, dealing with patients and rendering high-quality care. This may, in turn, hinder the meeting of care objectives, thus affecting social healthcare standards. Research objective: The present research was conducted to determine the relationship between moral sensitivity and moral distress of nurses in intensive care units. Research design: This study is a descriptive-correlation research. Lutzen’s moral sensitivity questionnaire and Corley Moral Distress Questionnaire were used to gather data. Participants and research context: A total of 153 qualified nurses working in the hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected for this study. Subjects were selected by census method. Ethical considerations: After explaining the objectives of the study, all the participants completed and signed the written consent form. To conduct the study, permission was obtained from the selected hospitals. Findings: Nurses’ average moral sensitivity grade was 68.6 ± 7.8, which shows a moderate level of moral sensitivity. On the other hand, nurses also experienced a moderate level of moral distress (44.8 ± 16.6). Moreover, there was no meaningful statistical relationship between moral sensitivity and moral distress (p = 0.26). Discussion: Although the nurses’ moral sensitivity and moral distress were expected to be high in the intensive care units, it was moderate. This finding is consistent with the results of some studies and contradicts with others. Conclusion: As moral sensitivity is a crucial factor in care, it is suggested that necessary training be provided to develop moral sensitivity in nurses in education and practical environments. Furthermore, removing factors that contribute to moral distress may help decrease it in nurses.
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Ohnishi, Kayoko, Kazuyo Kitaoka, Jun Nakahara, Maritta Välimäki, Raija Kontio, and Minna Anttila. "Impact of moral sensitivity on moral distress among psychiatric nurses." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 5 (March 1, 2018): 1473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017751264.
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Background: Moral distress occurs when one knows the right thing to do, but institutional constraints make it nearly impossible to pursue the right course of action. Moral distress was found to cause negative feelings, burnout, and/or resignation. Not only external factors such as lack of staff but also internal ones affect moral distress. Moral sensitivity, which is thought of as an advantage of nurses, could effect moral distress, as nurses being unaware of existing ethical problems must feel little distress. Objectives: To examine the impact of moral sensitivity on moral distress among psychiatric nurses, and affirm the hypothesis that nurses with higher moral sensitivity will suffer moral distress more than nurses with less moral sensitivity in two different samples. Ethical consideration: The study obtained ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Mie University (# 1111, 20.4.2010), and by the Turku University Ethics Board (29.5.2012). Permissions to undertake the study was obtained from the in two hospital districts and in one city (§ 48/4.10.2012, § 63/4.9.2012, 51/2012 27.8.2012). Informed consent was not formally obtained, because the questionnaire was anonymously reported by the participants who volunteered to answer. The participants responded voluntarily and anonymously. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire containing the Revised Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric nurses was conducted to 997 nurses in 12 hospitals in Japan, and 974 nurses in 10 hospitals in Finland after obtaining of approval by research ethics committees. Data were analyzed using a multi-group structural equation model analysis. Findings: A set of analyses imply that the association of moral sensitivity with moral distress is significant and similar between Japan and Finland, whereas the factor structures of moral sensitivity and moral distress may be partially different. Discussion: The result of this study may indicate that nurses with high moral sensitivity can sense and identify moral problems, but not resolve them. Therefore, supporting nurses to solve ethical problems, not benumbing them, can be important for better nursing care and prevention of nurses’ resignation. Conclusion: Moral sensitivity and moral distress were positively correlated among psychiatric nurses in both Japan and Finland, although the participating nurses from the two countries were different in qualification, age, and cultural background. Nurses with high moral sensitivity suffer from moral distress.
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LEONOV, B., and L. REBRINA. "Perception of terrorism: socio-legal and moral and psychological aspects." INFORMATION AND LAW, no. 2(14) (August 19, 2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2015.2(14).272667.
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Lützén, Kim, and Conny Nordin. "The Influence of Gender, Education and Experience On Moral Sensitivity in Psychiatric Nursing: a Pilot Study." Nursing Ethics 2, no. 1 (March 1995): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309500200106.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate some factors which may influence moral decision-making in psychiatric nursing practice. The Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, a 30-item, seven-point Likert scale, measures six dimensions that are assumed to be related to moral sensitivity. In scoring, the test is divided into six categories: interpersonal orientation, structuring moral meaning, expressing benevolence, modifying autonomy, experiencing conflict, and reliance on medical authority. Seventy-nine nurses, employed in the same psychiatric district, were included in the sample. Significant differences were found for some items in five of the six categories regarding gender, post-basic nursing education, experience as a mental care worker and type of clinical setting. Le but de cette étude était d'investiguer quelques éléments qui pourraient influencer les décisions morales dans la pratique infirmière psychiatrique. Le Questionnaire de Sensibilité Morale de 30 questions, sept points échelle Likert, mesure six dimensions qu'on assume d'être lié à la sensibilité morale. En marquant les points, le test est divisé entre les six catégories: orientation interpersonnelle, structurant un sens moral, l'expression de bénévolence, la modification de l'autonomie, l'expérience de conflit et dépendance de l'autorité médicale. Soixante-dix neuf infirmiers/ères, employé(e)s dans le même rayon de psychiatrie, ont participé dans l'étude. On a trouvé des différences considérables pour quelques questions dans cinq des six catégories en ce qui concerne le genre, l'éducation avancée, l'expérience d'infirmier/ère psychiatrique et type de cadre clinique. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung einiger Faktoren, die Einfluss haben auf die moralische Entscheidungsfindung in der psychiatrischen Krankenpflege. Der Fragebogen zur 'Moralischen Einfühlsamkeit' ist eine sieben-Punk Likert Skala für 30 Sachaspekte und misst sechs Dimensionen, von denen man annimmt, daß sie zur moralischer Einfühlsamkeit gehören. Für die Auswertung ist der Test in sechs Kategorien eingeteilt: Orientierung zu andem Personen, das Strukturieren moralischer Bedeutungselemente, Wohlwollen ausdrücken, Modifizierung von Selbstbestimmung,
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Oleinykov, Sergei. "ETHICS AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS' LEGAL ACTIVITIES." Grail of Science, no. 14-15 (June 9, 2022): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.27.05.2022.022.
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Studies of professional legal activity stimulate methodological innovations that bring closer the disclosure of the theoretical concept and ethical-legal democratic transit. They are relevant to understanding the evolution and regime of interaction between power and society, based on the imperative of the rule of law. The social purpose of legal activity recognized as a condition for the rational organization of public-legal relations. Its objectivity conditioned by the real existence of the needs of society. The existence of a legal system presupposes the existence of the Bar as an element of it. It is not possible to guarantee the exercise of the rights of actors outside the actors. The influence of the moral renaissance factor, ethical and legal imperatives, mental archetypes of power – traditions, norms and values – in the process of formation and functioning of institutions of power, their perception and social legitimization must be taken into account. Ethics have a significant impact on the effectiveness of legal activities, support the system of social conditions and support the institutions of power, its brands, authority, image in the interaction of the state and civil society.
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Oelhafen, Stephan, Settimio Monteverde, and Eva Cignacco. "Exploring moral problems and moral competences in midwifery: A qualitative study." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 5 (March 27, 2018): 1373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018761174.
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Background: Most undergraduate midwifery curricula comprise ethics courses to strengthen the moral competences of future midwives. By contrast, surprisingly little is known about the specific moral competences considered to be relevant for midwifery practice. Describing these competences not only depends on generic assumptions about the moral nature of midwifery practice but also reflects which issues practitioners themselves classify as moral. Objective: The goal of this study was to gain insight into the ethical issues midwives encounter in their daily work, the key competences and resources they consider indispensable to understand and deal with them, and to assess phenomena linked to moral distress. Methods: We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with eight midwives and two other health professionals, varying in terms of years of experience and work setting. Interview transcripts were analyzed in an interdisciplinary research group, following thematic analysis. Ethical considerations: This study was not subject to approval according to the Swiss Law on Research with Humans. Participants were informed about the study goals and gave written informed consent prior to participation. Results: External constraints limiting the midwife’s and the patient’s autonomy and resulting interpersonal conflicts were found to be the most relevant ethical issues encountered in clinical practice and were most often associated with moral distress. These conflicts often arise in the context of medical interventions midwives consider as not appropriate and situations in which less experienced midwives in particular observe a lack of both interprofessional communication and trust in their professional competence. Ethical issues related to late abortions or prenatal diagnostics and selective abortions were also frequently addressed, but many midwives involved had learned to cope with them. Discussion: In the light of the ethical issues and factors contributing to phenomena of moral distress, an empirically grounded profile of moral competences is drafted. Curricular implications in the light of possible adaptations within undergraduate midwifery education are critically discussed.
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Kanischev, V. P., R. R. Palekha, O. A. Fedotova, and I. S. Fedotov. "Judicial Ethics: Moral and Legal Aspects in the Context of a Scientifically Based Integrative Concept of Legal Understanding." Rossijskoe pravosudie 10 (September 25, 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2020.10.54-61.
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Judicial ethics is a complex moral and legal phenomenon that has a significant impact on the level of trust in the court, the authority of the judiciary and the effectiveness of justice. The state of judicial ethics is largely determined by the type of legal understanding that guides the judge who administers justice. The purpose of the research is to consider judicial ethics, its moral and legal aspects in the context of a scientifically based integrative concept of legal understanding. The objectives of the research are to study the moral and legal aspects of judicial ethics, the system of requirements imposed on the judge, the relationship of legal understanding with judicial ethics, identifying the «optimal» type of legal understanding that contributes to increasing confidence in the court and improving the effectiveness of justice. The work is based on an integrative methodology. The research involved such General scientific methods as logical generalizations, analysis and synthesis, system and functional approaches. The formal legal method and the method of law interpretation were used as private methods of legal science. Judicial ethics is considered as a moral and legal phenomenon that comprehensively reveals the moral and professional appearance of a judge associated with the exercise of official functions aimed at protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of various subjects of legal interaction. The effectiveness of the justice system can significantly increase if the judge has a special state of professional legal awareness based on a progressive type of legal thinking, which is represented by a scientifically based integrative concept of law understanding. This scientific platform has the most productive impact on the moral and professional Outlook of the judge, his legal awareness, psychologically positive attitude and gives real legal tools for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms in the judicial practice of modern Russia. A judge who shares the position of a scientifically based integrative concept of law understanding and bases his professional activity on it is able to transfer the implementation of justice to a qualitatively different level, extracting the effective regulatory potential of law and providing comprehensive legal protection to various subjects of legal interaction.
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Burston, Adam S., and Anthony G. Tuckett. "Moral distress in nursing." Nursing Ethics 20, no. 3 (December 28, 2012): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733012462049.
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Moral distress has been widely reviewed across many care contexts and among a range of disciplines. Interest in this area has produced a plethora of studies, commentary and critique. An overview of the literature around moral distress reveals a commonality about factors contributing to moral distress, the attendant outcomes of this distress and a core set of interventions recommended to address these. Interventions at both personal and organizational levels have been proposed. The relevance of this overview resides in the implications moral distress has on the nurse and the nursing workforce: particularly in regard to quality of care, diminished workplace satisfaction and physical health of staff and increased problems with staff retention.
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Gallagher, Ann. "Solidarity and moral perception." Nursing Ethics 20, no. 5 (August 2013): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733013494283.
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Oberle, Kathleen. "Measuring Nurses' Moral Reasoning." Nursing Ethics 2, no. 4 (December 1995): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309500200405.
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The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the possibility of designing a satisfactory method, using written responses to hypotheical scenarios, for evaluating the quality of moral reasoning in student nurses. Scenarios were developed from interviews with practising nurses. Nurses and student nurses provided written responses to the scenarios, and nursing faculty members from six institutions sorted the responses according to their perceptions of quality (i.e. 'best', 'next best', 'worst' etc.). There was very little agreement among faculty members on the quality of the responses. Consequently, it was impossible to develop a 'best' response on which the faculty members could agree. Analysis revealed a framework used by the participants for ethical decision-making. The results of this study have important implications for the way in which we think about the teaching and the evaluation of nursing ethics.
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Colby, Jacqueline L. "Consent: Moral Rightness Versus Non-Moral Goodness." American Journal of Bioethics 6, no. 3 (July 2006): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160600686166.
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Corley, Mary C., Ptlene Minick, R. K. Elswick, and Mary Jacobs. "Nurse Moral Distress and Ethical Work Environment." Nursing Ethics 12, no. 4 (July 2005): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733005ne809oa.
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This study examined the relationship between moral distress intensity, moral distress frequency and the ethical work environment, and explored the relationship of demographic characteristics to moral distress intensity and frequency. A group of 106 nurses from two large medical centers reported moderate levels of moral distress intensity, low levels of moral distress frequency, and a moderately positive ethical work environment. Moral distress intensity and ethical work environment were correlated with moral distress frequency. Age was negatively correlated with moral distress intensity, whereas being African American was related to higher levels of moral distress intensity. The ethical work environment predicted moral distress intensity. These results reveal a difference between moral distress intensity and frequency and the importance of the environment to moral distress intensity.
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Chistilina, D. O. "Moral and Legal Aspects of the Digital Transformation of the Criminal Proceedings in Russia and Foreign Countries." Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 13, no. 6 (January 26, 2024): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2023-13-6-186-198.
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Relevance. The article examines the legal and moral aspects of digitalization of the criminal proceedings. The existing system of criminal proceedings presupposes the direct participation of a person at all stages, which reinforces the subjective factor. Automation of some processes will reduce the time spent on certain stages of legal proceedings and ensure objectivity. However, criminal procedural norms are closely related to moral norms, and some of them are dispositive in nature. In this regard, the digitalization of the criminal proceedings should be carried out taking into account both legal and moral imperatives.The purpose of the research is the analysis of legal and moral principles in the framework of the digital transformation of criminal procedural activity, taking into account the existing legal system.The objectives of the research: to investigate the combination of legal and moral norms in criminal procedural activities, to determine the importance of the moral aspect in criminal proceedings in the context of digital transformation, to consider the possibility of introducing artificial intelligence systems into criminal proceedings.The methodology of the research is presented by the dialectical method, the comparative legal method, the method of systematization and special legal methods.Results. The introduction of information technologies is possible in two ways: as an auxiliary mechanism of legal proceedings and as the main element of the resolution of a criminal dispute. The first way is currently being actively introduced into criminal procedural activities through the gradual introduction of electronic document management, expanding the possibilities of using video conferencing, etc. The second way is the most difficult, as it causes discussions in theory and in practice.Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the introduction of artificial intelligence systems, although it will facilitate the activities of the law enforcement officer, will completely eliminate the moral element in the criminal procedure. The algorithm will not be able to take into account the unique circumstances of the case. In any case, the law enforcement officer must participate in this process. In addition, any technical innovation should be regulated in detail in the criminal procedure legislation.
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Absattarov, Galymzhan. "RELATIVE UNITY AND DIFFERENCES OF LEGAL AND MORAL NORMS IN KAZAKH SOCIETY: POLITICAL THEORY ASPECTS." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 76, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-4.1728-8940.11.
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The article discusses issues of relative unity and difference of legal and moral norms in Kazakh society that have not yet been studied in social and political science. The article examines in more detail the political and moral aspects: the difference of the legal and moral norms of Kazakh society; the relative unity of Kazakh law and morality of the people of Kazakhstan and others. The article states that the relative unity of legal and moral norms in Kazakh society is reflected primarily in the difference of the created ways, the forms of their existence and their guarantees. The rules of law are contained in the legislation, presidential decrees, decrees, statutes, orders and other acts of the organs of the Kazakh State, and the rules of morality are contained in the public conscience. Moral norms are transmitted from generation to generation in the form of generally accepted notions of good and evil, of nobility and vileness, etc., are imprinted in folk proverbs, legends, in works of art. However, the article also focuses on discussion issues.
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Svantesson, Mia, Marit Silén, and Inger James. "It’s not all about moral reasoning: Understanding the content of Moral Case Deliberation." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 2 (April 19, 2017): 212–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017700235.
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Background: Moral Case Deliberation is one form of clinical ethics support described as a facilitator-led collective moral reasoning by healthcare professionals on a concrete moral question connected to their practice. Evaluation research is needed, but, as human interaction is difficult to standardise, there is a need to capture the content beyond moral reasoning. This allows for a better understanding of Moral Case Deliberation, which may contribute to further development of valid outcome criteria and stimulate the normative discussion of what Moral Case Deliberation should contain. Objective: To explore and compare the content beyond moral reasoning in the dialogue in Moral Case Deliberation at Swedish workplaces. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was applied for analysing audio-recordings of 70 periodic Moral Case Deliberation meetings at 10 Swedish workplaces. Moral Case Deliberation facilitators and various healthcare professions participated, with registered nurses comprising the majority. Ethical considerations: No objection to the study was made by an Ethical Review Board. After oral and written information was provided, consent to be recorded was assumed by virtue of participation. Findings: Other than ‘moral reasoning’ (median (md): 45% of the spoken time), the Moral Case Deliberations consisted of ‘reflections on the psychosocial work environment’ to a varying extent (md: 29%). Additional content comprised ‘assumptions about the patient’s psychosocial situation’ (md: 6%), ‘facts about the patient’s situation’ (md: 5%), ‘concrete problem-solving’ (md: 6%) and ‘process’ (md: 3%). Conclusion: The findings suggest that a restorative function of staff’s wellbeing in Moral Case Deliberation is needed, as this might contribute to good patient care. This supports outcome criteria of improved emotional support, which may include relief of moral distress. However, facilitators need a strategy for how to proceed from the participants’ own emotional needs and to develop the use of their emotional knowing to focus on the ethically difficult patient situation.
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Abbasi, Safura, Somayeh Ghafari, Mohsen Shahriari, and Nahid Shahgholian. "Effect of moral empowerment program on moral distress in intensive care unit nurses." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 5 (April 26, 2018): 1494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018766576.
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Background: Moral distress has been experienced by about 67% of critical care nurses which causes many complications such as job dissatisfaction, loss of capacity for caring, and turnover for nurses and poor quality of care for patients as well as health system. Objective: The purpose of this research was to provide a moral empowerment program to nursing directors, school of nursing, and the heads of hospitals to reduce moral distress in nurses and improve the quality of care. Methods: This research was a randomized clinical trial conducted in two groups and three stages before, after 2 weeks, and 1 month after the intervention in order to evaluate the changes in moral distress of 60 nurses working in adults’ intensive care unit wards of Al-Zahra teaching hospital of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using the standard Hamric’s Moral Distress Scale (2012) and analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Results: Results showed that in the three stages, there was no significant difference between the mean score of moral distress before (4.12 ± 2.70), 2 weeks after (4.23 ± 2.70), and 1 month after the intervention (4.04 ± 2.54) in the control group (p > 0.05), while in the experimental group, there was a significant difference between the three stages (p < 0.05). The mean score of moral distress in the experimental group before intervention (4.05 ± 2.26) and 2 weeks after the intervention (3.38 ± 2.11) was not significant (p > 0.05). However, this score significantly decreased 1 month after the intervention (2.64 ± 2.23; p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this research, it was observed that moral empowerment program has been effective in reducing the mean score of moral distress. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing managers and hospital directors implement empowerment program, in order to reduce the moral distress of nurses and improve the quality of care.
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Bradt, Richard C. "Fractography, Some Legal Aspects and Challenges." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.28.
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Evidence regarding a fracture event is absolutely and definitively recorded by Nature during the fracture process. That record is in the form of the general macrocrack pattern and the surface topological features of the newly formed fracture surface. In reality, it is the only perfect record of what actually occurred during a fracture. Whenever a conflict or controversy arises regarding a fracture, it is the moral and scientific responsibility of the fractographer to analyze and interpret the record of the fracture as it was created by Nature. It is further necessary for the fractographer to then inform and educate the members of the legal community (lawyer, judge and jury) as to exactly what happened during the failure. This educational process is necessary so that the legal community can collectively understand the history of the fracture and arrive at a just and fair decision regarding responsibility and potential liability for the failure. This paper describes the overall process from the beginning of the fracture examination of the failed artifact to the final appearance in court leading to a decision by the judge or a jury. Both the technical and the human factors are addressed with varying degrees of detail.
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Barzilova, Inna S. "Ethization of Law as Its Improvement Area in the Russian Legal System." History of state and law 1 (January 26, 2023): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2023-1-35-38.
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The transformation of the Russian legal system highlights the ethization of law, the preservation of moral principles in the regulation of social relations. The article deals with issues related to the moral aspects of the use of digital, biotechnologies, identifies the main directions and risks in terms of legal regulation of these relations. The author comes to the conclusion about the need to preserve traditional legal means, moral foundations in the regulation of relations in the modern period.
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Rhodes, Rosamond, and Thomas Schiano. "Moral Complexity and the Delusion of Moral Purity." American Journal of Bioethics 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2010): W1—W3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160903558807.
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Morley, Georgina, and Lauren R. Sankary. "Moral Distress and Justifiable Constraints on Moral Agency." American Journal of Bioethics 23, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2023.2186518.
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Räsänen, Joona. "Moral case for legal age change." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 7 (March 14, 2019): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105294.
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Should a person who feels his legal age does not correspond with his experienced age be allowed to change his legal age? In this paper, I argue that in some cases people should be allowed to change their legal age. Such cases would be when: (1) the person genuinely feels his age differs significantly from his chronological age and (2) the person’s biological age is recognised to be significantly different from his chronological age and (3) age change would likely prevent, stop or reduce ageism, discrimination due to age, he would otherwise face. I also consider some objections against the view that people should be allowed to change their legal age and find them lacking.
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Morley, Georgina, Caroline Bradbury-Jones, and Jonathan Ives. "What is ‘moral distress’ in nursing? A feminist empirical bioethics study." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 5 (September 29, 2019): 1297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019874492.
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Background The phenomenon of ‘moral distress’ has continued to be a popular topic for nursing research. However, much of the scholarship has lacked conceptual clarity, and there is debate about what it means to experience moral distress. Moral distress remains an obscure concept to many clinical nurses, especially those outside of North America, and there is a lack of empirical research regarding its impact on nurses in the United Kingdom and its relevance to clinical practice. Research aim To explore the concept of moral distress in nursing both empirically and conceptually. Methodology Feminist interpretive phenomenology was used to explore and analyse the experiences of critical care nurses at two acute care trauma hospitals in the United Kingdom. Empirical data were analysed using Van Manen’s six steps for data analysis. Ethical considerations The study was approved locally by the university ethics review committee and nationally by the Health Research Authority in the United Kingdom. Findings The empirical findings suggest that psychological distress can occur in response to a variety of moral events. The moral events identified as causing psychological distress in the participants’ narratives were moral tension, moral uncertainty, moral constraint, moral conflict and moral dilemmas. Discussion We suggest a new definition of moral distress which captures this broader range of moral events as legitimate causes of distress. We also suggest that moral distress can be sub-categroised according to the source of distress, for example, ‘moral-uncertainty distress’. We argue that this could aid in the development of interventions which attempt to address and mitigate moral distress. Conclusion The empirical findings support the notion that narrow conceptions of moral distress fail to capture the real-life experiences of this group of critical care nurses. If these experiences resonate with other nurses and healthcare professionals, then it is likely that the definition needs to be broadened to recognise these experiences as ‘moral distress’.
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Ko, Hsun-Kuei, Chi-Chun Chin, Min-Tao Hsu, and Shu-Li Lee. "Phenomenon of moral distress through the aspect of interpretive interactionism." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 5 (April 15, 2018): 1484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018766579.
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Background: Most previous studies on moral distress focused on the factors that cause moral distress, paying inadequate attention to the moral conflict of nurses’ values, the physician–nurse power hierarchy, and the influence of the culture. Research objective: To analyze the main causes for moral distress with interpretive interactionism. Research design: A qualitative study was adopted. Participants: Through purposeful sampling, 32 nurses from 12 different departments were chosen as the samples. Ethical considerations: Approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. Findings: Moral distress is likely to occur in the following clinical situations: patients have no idea about their diseases; the medical decisions fail to meet the optimum benefit of patients; and patients with terminal cancers are not given a proper death. The reason why nurses become trapped in moral distress is that they fail to achieve moral goodness. Inadequate confidence, the physician–nurse power hierarchy, and the Oriental culture affect nurses’ goodness-based intention for patients, which deteriorates moral distress. Discussion: The main cause for moral distress is the moral goodness of nurses. If nurses’ goodness-based intention for patients is inconsistent with the moral objective of achieving optimum benefit for patients, it leads to moral distress. Culture is an essential background factor of care for patients. In the Oriental culture, family members influence patients’ right to know about their diseases, the choice of treatment, and patients’ autonomy of not receiving cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. This results in moral distress in medical care. Conclusion: The occurrence of moral distress demonstrates that nurses have moral characteristics such as goodness and caring. It is suggested that appropriate educational strategies can be adopted to weaken the power hierarchy between physicians and nurses and enhance nurses’ confidence and cultural sensitivity, so as to reduce the moral distress of nurses.