Academic literature on the topic 'Moon's gravity field'
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Journal articles on the topic "Moon's gravity field"
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Guimaraes, Eduardo S. "Theory of The Three Fields of Space." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 14, no. 3 (October 3, 2018): 5765–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v14i3.7539.
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This article is a logical and rational analysis of the physical phenomena produced by the three fields that are generated in space: gravity field; field of terrestrial nuclear magnetism; and orbital field.
Eduardo Guimarães, through the studies of the three nuclear masses of the Sun's nucleus, the three nuclear masses of the moon's nucleus, and the three nuclear masses of the Earth's nucleus.
We discover the three spatial fields that are generated in the solar system and in the planets.
Then, from the general theory of the three fields of space, we can understand all the mechanics that generate the dynamics and kinematics of celestial bodies.
So now we can understand why the smaller celestial bodies orbit the orbital field of the largest celestial bodies.
So now we can understand why the planets produce orbits of elliptical motions, around the orbital field of the Sun.
Then we understand the orbital mechanics of the little planet Mercury, and its abnormal orbit around the orbiting field of the Sun.
Then Mercury has a perihelion precession of 2 degrees per century, due to an approximation of the perihelion of Mercury which is attracted by the micro-gravity of the Sun, generating an orbital deviation of 2 degrees per century.
In the future the planet Mercury will lose energy from its nucleus and will not be able to make the orbital curve of the perihelion because it will have been attracted by the gravitational field of the Sun's nucleus.
The fall of Mercury on the Sun will generate two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA.
The first thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of the gravity mass attraction of Mercury debris with the Sun's nucleus.
The second thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of attraction of the mass of orbital attraction of Mercury debris with the nucleus of the Sun.
These two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA will generate two immense thermonuclear shockwaves that will devastate the entire fragile geo-biome of the solar system.
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Gerasopoulos, E., C. S. Zerefos, I. Tsagouri, D. Founda, V. Amiridis, A. F. Bais, A. Belehaki, et al. "The total solar eclipse of March 2006: overview." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 17 (September 3, 2008): 5205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5205-2008.
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Abstract. This paper provides the overview of an integrated, multi-disciplinary effort to study the effects of the 29 March 2006 total solar eclipse on the environment, with special focus on the atmosphere. The eclipse has been visible over the Eastern Mediterranean, and on this occasion several research and academic institutes organised co-ordinated experimental campaigns, at different distances from eclipse totality and at various environments in terms of air quality. Detailed results and findings are presented in a number of component scientific papers included in a Special Issue of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. The effects of the eclipse on meteorological parameters, though very clear, were shown to be controlled by local factors rather than the eclipse magnitudes, and the turbulence activity near surface was suppressed causing a decrease in the Planetary Boundary Layer. In addition to the above, the decrease in solar radiation has caused change to the photochemistry of the atmosphere, with night time chemistry dominating. The abrupt "switch off" of the sun, induced changes also in the ionosphere (140 up to 220 km) and the stratosphere. In the ionosphere, both photochemistry and dynamics resulted to changes in the reflection heights and the electron concentrations. Among the most important scientific findings from the experiments undertaken has been the experimental proof of eclipse induced thermal fluctuations in the ozone layer (Gravity Waves), due to the supersonic movement of the moon's shadow, for the first time with simultaneous measurements at three altitudes namely the troposphere, the stratosphere and the ionosphere. Within the challenging topics of the experiments has been the investigation of eclipse impacts on ecosystems (field crops and marine plankton). The rare event of a total solar eclipse provided the opportunity to evaluate 1 dimensional (1-D) and three dimensional (3-D) radiative transfer (in the atmosphere and underwater), mesoscale meteorological, regional air quality and photochemical box models, against measurements.
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Cappuccio, Paolo, Mauro Di Benedetto, Daniele Durante, and Luciano Iess. "Callisto and Europa Gravity Measurements from JUICE 3GM Experiment Simulation." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac83c4.
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Abstract The JUpiter Icy Moons Explorer is an ESA mission set for launch in 2023 April and arrival in the Jovian system in 2031 July to investigate Jupiter and its icy satellites with a suite of 10 instruments. The mission will execute several flybys of the icy moons Europa, Callisto, and Ganymede before ending the mission with a 9-month orbit around Ganymede. The 3GM experiment on board the spacecraft will exploit accurate range and Doppler (range-rate) measurements to determine the moons’ orbit, gravity field, and tidal deformation. The focus of this paper is on the retrieval of Europa’s and Callisto’s gravity field, without delving into the modeling of their interior structures. By means of a covariance analysis of the data acquired during flybys, we assess the expected results from the 3GM gravity experiment. We find that the two Europa flybys will provide a determination of the J 2 and C 22 quadrupole gravity field coefficients with an accuracy of 3.8 × 10−6 and 5.1 × 10−7, respectively. The 21 Callisto flybys will provide a determination of the global gravity field to approximately degree and order 7, the moon ephemerides, and the time-variable component of the gravitational tide raised by Jupiter on the moon. The k 2 Love number, describing the Callisto tidal response at its orbital period, can be determined with an uncertainty σ k2 ∼ 0.06, allowing us to distinguish with good confidence between a moon with or without an internal ocean. The constraints derived by 3GM gravity measurements can then be used to develop interior models of the moon.
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Hamouda, Samir A., Eman A. Alsslam Alfadeel, and Mohamed Belhasan Mohamed. "PLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD AND GRAVITY IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i9.2017.2224.
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Gravity plays a major role in the planetary formation and the development of the solar system. Gravity attraction is the essence of a power that holds and governs the universe; it makes the planets in the solar system revolve around the sun and the moons around their planets. Magnetic fields are also an important phenomenon in the solar system and beyond. Their causes are complex and have a variety of effects on their surroundings; they have become a critical tool for the exploration of solar system bodies. However, the study of the mechanisms of planets formation in the solar system is a difficult problem made more so by the inability to construct planetary-scale models for laboratory study. However, understanding the nature of the matter comprising the Solar System is crucial for understanding the mechanism that generates planetary magnetic fields and planetary gravity. In this study, a brief history about the development of planetary gravity is presented. Some data about the physical properties of planets in the solar system are presented and discussed. However, much work is still needed before the planetary gravity and planetary magnetic field processes are fully understood and full advantage be taken of the implications of both phenomena observations.
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Smith, David E., Vishnu Viswanathan, Erwan Mazarico, Sander Goossens, James W. Head, Gregory A. Neumann, and Maria T. Zuber. "The Contribution of Small Impact Craters to Lunar Polar Wander." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac8c39.
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Abstract Changes in mass distribution affect the gravitational figure and reorient a planetary body’s surface with respect to its rotational axis. The mass anomalies in the present-day lunar gravity field can reveal how the figure and pole position have evolved over the Moon’s history. By examining sequentially each individual crater and basin, working backward in time order through the catalog of nearly 5200 craters and basins between 1200 and 20 km in diameter, we investigate their contribution to the lunar gravitational figure and reconstruct the evolution of the pole position by extracting their gravitational signatures from the present-day Moon. We find that craters and basins in this diameter range, which excludes South Pole–Aitken, have contributed to nearly 25% of the present-day power from the Moon’s degree-2 gravitational figure and resulted in a total displacement of the Moon’s pole by ∼10° along the Earth–Moon tidal axis over the past ∼4.25 billion years. This also implies that the geographical location of the Moon’s rotational pole has not moved since ∼3.8 Ga by more than ∼2° in latitude owing to impacts, and this has implications for the long-term stability of volatiles in the polar regions.
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S. Guimarães, Eduardo. "The Beginning of The Nuclear Universe and The Theory of Orbital Superconductivity of The Celestial Bodies." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 14, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 5442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v14i2.7406.
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This article is a logical and rational analysis of the original nuclear matter, and of the structure that gave rise to the space architecture of the universe with galaxies, stars, the system of planets and moons, and arrives to original and inedited conclusions.
After the so-called Big Bang of the universe arose the space, a new time count and the nuclear universe, governed by the actions of the physical properties of nuclear superconductivity space.
The actions of the physical properties of superconductivity nuclear matter generate the spatial phenomenon of orbital superconductivity, which creates the orbit and space distance of the orbit between the moons with their planets, between the planets with their star, forming the system of planets, and among the stars creating the architecture of the galaxy.
4 The actions of the physical properties of superconductivity nuclear matter also generate the spatial phenomenon of gravity superconductivity, which creates the form and distance of gravity in moons, planets, planets, stars and comets, creating the actions of physics of the star and planet with gravity superconductivity.
The actions of the physical properties of superconductivity nuclear matter also generates the spatial phenomenon of nuclear superconductivity of magnetism, which creates the magnetic pole and the spatial distance of the magnetic field.
The nucleus of all stars, planets, moons, are made of matter, called, by mass of energy nuclear of superconductivity.
All the materials that exist in the nuclear universe are produced, through the atomic decomposition of nuclear matter of superconductivity.
The atomic decomposition of superconductivity nuclear matter reduces the nucleus and nuclear energy of spatial superconductivity.
In the reduction of superconductivity nuclear energy there is a loss of the orbital superconductivity property of the moon and the planet.
In the loss of the orbital superconductivity property of the moon and the planet, the moon is attracted by the superconductivity of the planet and reduces orbit until attracted by the superconductivity of the planet's gravitational field.
The fall of the moon will destroy the planet or produce a crater because of the size of the planet.
The fall of the moon on Jupiter will create an immense nuclear crater in which the diameter and depth will measure the extension of thousands of kilometers.
The fall of the moon on Mars will create an immense nuclear explosion, and will destroy the planet.
Majority of the planets of the galaxies and the universe have a time schedule of self-destruction in the fall of the moons.
Most of the planets in the solar system have a time schedule of self-destruction in the fall of the moons.
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Plumaris, Michael, Dominic Dirkx, Christian Siemes, and Olivier Carraz. "Cold Atom Interferometry for Enhancing the Radio Science Gravity Experiment: A Phobos Case Study." Remote Sensing 14, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 3030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133030.
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Interplanetary missions have typically relied on Radio Science (RS) to recover gravity fields by detecting their signatures on the spacecraft trajectory. The weak gravitational fields of small bodies, coupled with the prominent influence of confounding accelerations, hinder the efficacy of this method. Meanwhile, quantum sensors based on Cold Atom Interferometry (CAI) have demonstrated absolute measurements with inherent stability and repeatability, reaching the utmost accuracy in microgravity. This work addresses the potential of CAI-based Gradiometry (CG) as a means to strengthen the RS gravity experiment for small-body missions. Phobos represents an ideal science case as astronomic observations and recent flybys have conferred enough information to define a robust orbiting strategy, whilst promoting studies linking its geodetic observables to its origin. A covariance analysis was adopted to evaluate the contribution of RS and CG in the gravity field solution, for a coupled Phobos-spacecraft state estimation incorporating one week of data. The favourable observational geometry and the small characteristic period of the gravity signal add to the competitiveness of Doppler observables. Provided that empirical accelerations can be modelled below the nm/s2 level, RS is able to infer the 6 × 6 spherical harmonic spectrum to an accuracy of 0.1–1% with respect to the homogeneous interior values. If this correlates to a density anomaly beneath the Stickney crater, RS would suffice to constrain Phobos’ origin. Yet, in event of a rubble pile or icy moon interior (or a combination thereof) CG remains imperative, enabling an accuracy below 0.1% for most of the 10 × 10 spectrum. Nevertheless, technological advancements will be needed to alleviate the current logistical challenges associated with CG operation. This work also reflects on the sensitivity of the candidate orbits with regard to dynamical model uncertainties, which are common in small-body environments. This brings confidence in the applicability of the identified geodetic estimation strategy for missions targeting other moons, particularly those of the giant planets, which are targets for robotic exploration in the coming decades.
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Yseboodt, Marie, and Tim Van Hoolst. "The long-period forced librations of Titan." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S310 (July 2014): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314007741.
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AbstractA moon in synchronous rotation has longitudinal librations because of its non-spherical mass distribution and its elliptical orbit around the planet. We study the librations of Titan with periods of 14.7y and 29.5y and include deformation effects and the existence of a subsurface ocean. We take into account the fact that the orbit is not Keplerian and has other periodicities than the main period of orbital motion around Saturn due to perturbations by the Sun, other planets and moons. An orbital theory is used to compute the orbital perturbations due to these other bodies.We numerically evaluate the amplitude of the long-period librations for many interior structure models of Titan constrained by the mass, radius and gravity field. Measurements of the librations may give constraints on the interior structure of the icy satellites.
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Moons, M. "Libration of the Moon: shape of the Earth and motion of the ecliptic plane." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 114 (1986): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900148119.
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Very accurate theories of the libration of the Moon have been recently built by Migus (1980), Eckhardt (1981, 1982) and Moons (1982, 1984). All of them take into account the perturbation due to the Earth and the Sun on the motion of a rigid Moon about its center of mass. Additional perturbations (influence of the planets, shape of the Earth, elasticity of the Moon, …) are also often included.We present here the perturbations due to the shape of the Earth and the motion of the ecliptic plane on our theory which already contains planetary perturbations. This theory is completely analytical with respect to the harmonic coefficients of the lunar gravity field which is expanded in spherical harmonics up to the fourth order. The ELP 2000 solution (Chapront and Chapront-Touzé, 1983) supplies us with the motion of the center of mass of the Moon.
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Chen, Hongru, Nicolas Rambaux, Valéry Lainey, and Daniel Hestroffer. "Mothership-Cubesat Radioscience for Phobos Geodesy and Autonomous Navigation." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071619.
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The knowledge of the interior structure (e.g., homogeneous, porous, or fractured) of Martian moons will lead to a better understanding of their formation as well as the early solar system. One approach to inferring the interior structure is via geodetic characteristics, such as gravity field and libration. Geodetic parameters can be derived from radiometric tracking measurements. A feasible mothership-CubeSat mission is proposed in this study with following purposes, (1) performing inter-sat Doppler measurements, (2) improving the understanding of Phobos as well as the dynamic model, (3) securing the mothership as well as the primary mission, and (4) supporting autonomous navigation, given the long distance between the Earth and Mars. This study analyzes budgets of volume, mass, power, deployment Δv, and link, and the Doppler measurement noise of the system, and gives a feasible design for the CubeSat. The accuracy of orbit determination and geodesy is revealed via the Monte-Carlo simulation of estimation considering all uncertainties. Under an ephemeris error of the Mars-Phobos system ranging from 0 to 2 km, the autonomous orbit determination delivers an accuracy ranging from 0.2 m to 21 m and 0.05 mm/s to 0.4 cm/s. The geodesy can return 2nd-degree gravity coefficients at an accuracy of 1‰, even in the presence of an ephemeris error of 2 km. The achieved covariance of gravity coefficients and libration amplitude indicates an excellent possibility to distinguish families of interior structures.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Moon's gravity field"
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Magnanini, Andrea. "Estimation of the ephemerides and gravity fields of the Galilean moons through orbit determination of the JUICE mission." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21497/.
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Jupiter and its moons are a complex dynamical system that include several phenomenon like tides interactions, moon's librations and resonances. One of the most interesting characteristics of the Jovian system is the presence of the Laplace resonance, where the orbital periods of Ganymede, Europa and Io maintain a 4:2:1 ratio respectively. It is interesting to study the role of the Laplace Resonance in the dynamic of the system, especially regarding the dissipative nature of the tidal interaction between Jupiter and its closest moon, Io.
Numerous theories have been proposed regarding the orbital evolution of the Galilean satellites, but they disagree about the amount of dissipation of the system, therefore about the magnitude and the direction of the evolution of the system, mainly because of the lack of experimental data. The future JUICE space mission is a great opportunity to solve this dispute. JUICE is an ESA (European Space Agency) L-class mission (the largest category of missions in the ESA Cosmic Vision) that, at the beginning of 2030, will be inserted in the Jovian system and that will perform several flybys of the Galilean satellites, with the exception of Io. Subsequently, during the last part of the mission, it will orbit around Ganymede for nine months, with a possible extension of the mission. The data that JUICE will collect during the mission will have an exceptional accuracy, allowing to investigate several aspects of the dynamics the system, especially, the evolution of Laplace Resonance of the Galilean moons and its stability. This thesis will focus on the JUICE mission, in particular in the gravity estimation and orbit reconstruction of the Galilean satellites during the Jovian orbital phase using radiometric data.
This is accomplished through an orbit determination technique called multi-arc approach, using the JPL's orbit determination software MONTE (Mission-analysis, Operations and Navigation Tool-kit Environment).
Book chapters on the topic "Moon's gravity field"
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Visser, P. N. A. M. "Observing the Gravity Field of Different Planets and Moons by Space-Borne Techniques: Predictions by Fast Error Propagation Tools." In Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 331–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_41.
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Hanada, Hideo, Takahiro Iwata, Qinghui Liu, Fuyuhiko Kikuchi, Koji Matsumoto, Sander Goossens, Yuji Harada, et al. "Overview of Differential VLBI Observations of Lunar Orbiters in SELENE (Kaguya) for Precise Orbit Determination and Lunar Gravity Field Study." In The Kaguya Mission to the Moon, 123–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8122-6_6.
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Eppelbaum, Lev. "Gravity-Magnetic Moon–Sun Influence to Environment." In Geophysical Potential Fields, 365–93. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811685-2.00012-6.
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Ogawa, Yujiro, and Shin’ichi Mori. "Gravitational sliding or tectonic thrusting?: Examples and field recognition in the Miura-Boso subduction zone prism." In Plate Tectonics, Ophiolites, and Societal Significance of Geology: A Celebration of the Career of Eldridge Moores. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.2552(10).
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ABSTRACT Discrimination between gravity slides and tectonic fold-and-thrust belts in the geologic record has long been a challenge, as both have similar layer shortening structures resulting from single bed duplication by thrust faults of outcrop to map scales. Outcrops on uplifted benches within the Miocene to Pliocene Misaki accretionary unit of Miura-Boso accretionary prism, Miura Peninsula, central Japan, preserve good examples of various types of bedding duplication and duplex structures with multiple styles of folds. These provide a foundation for discussion of the processes, mechanisms, and tectonic implications of structure formation in shallow parts of accretionary prisms. Careful observation of 2-D or 3-D and time dimensions of attitudes allows discrimination between formative processes. The structures of gravitational slide origin develop under semi-lithified conditions existing before the sediments are incorporated into the prism at the shallow surfaces of the outward, or on the inward slopes of the trench. They are constrained within the intraformational horizons above bedding-parallel detachment faults and are unconformably covered with the superjacent beds, or are intruded by diapiric, sedimentary sill or dike intrusions associated with liquefaction or fluidization under ductile conditions. The directions of vergence are variable. On the other hand, layer shortening structure formed by tectonic deformation within the accretionary prism are characterized by more constant styles and attitudes, and by strong shear features with cataclastic textures. In these structures, the fault surfaces are oblique to the bedding, and the beds are systematically duplicated (i.e., lacking random styles of slump folds), and they are commonly associated with fault-propagation folds. Gravitational slide bodies may be further deformed at deeper levels in the prism by tectonism. Such deformed rocks with both processes constitute the whole accretionary prism at depth, and later may be deformed, exhumed to shallow levels, and exposed at the surface of the trench slope, where they may experience further deformation. These observations are not only applicable in time and space to large-scale thrust-and-fold belts of accretionary prism orogens, but to small-scale examples. If we know the total 3-D geometry of geologic bodies, including the time and scale of deformational stages, we can discriminate between gravitational slide and tectonic formation of each fold-and-thrust belt at the various scales of occurrence.
Conference papers on the topic "Moon's gravity field"
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Xiao, Tike, Bo Zhong, Changyu Shen, Weiming Lou, and Fengying Shentu. "Error analysis for the moon's gravity field inversion based on satellite gradiometr." In 2017 16th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icocn.2017.8121300.
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Dang, Zhaolong, Jirong Zhang, and Baichao Chen. "Field Validation of Egress Process for Planetary Rover." In 11th Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the ISTVS. International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56884/uoud6258.
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After the planetary spacecraft landed on the surface, the rovers carried on the spacecraft will be powered up and arrived to the planetary surface after complex self-testing procedures. In order to validation of these procedures, the test conditions should be built in the proving ground. The technical systems of field validation for egress process of planetary rover are shown in this paper. Firstly, the Chinese rover egress procedures are described. The typical procedures include several steps such as the unlocked the fixed mechanisms of the rover body, powered up the rover through the lander, unlocked the rover typical mechanism (mast, manipulator), communicated with the earth or relay orbiter, etc. After the rover performance were reviewed, the rover can be controlled and walked to the planetary surface. Secondly, the field validation systems are given including such as the low gravity system, the integrated testing system, the rover model with its assistant equipment, the simulated lander, etc. Thirdly, the conditions of field tests are described including the slope of terrain surface, the obstacle distribution, the position of simulated lander, etc. The test results of Chinese lunar and Martian rover were shown. Finally, the egress process of Chinese rovers on Moon and Mars are described. The technical systems of field validation wear built firstly for Chinese lunar rover Chang’e-3 Yutu and improved for Chinese Martian rover Zhurong. The technical systems work well and can be used for the development of planetary rover in the future.