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Wegener, Duane Theodore. "Mood and Activity Choice: Comparisons of Mood-Management Across Affective States." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391781795.
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Buckingham, Sarah. "An empirical investigation of mood regulation description, structure and mood correlates /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/4477.
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Thesis (BA(Hons) (Psychology)) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006."October 2006". A thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BA (Honours), [Faculty of Life and Social Sciences], Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript.
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Kim, Min Young. "Mood and risk-taking judgment: The role of mood regulation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22541.
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During the past decade, there has been increased attention on the role of mood on risk-taking and judgment. According to Isen¡¯s (1987) mood-maintenance hypothesis, individuals in a negative mood state tend to take greater risks than individuals in a neutral or positive mood state in order to improve their mood. In contrast, however, theorizing and research derived from an information-processing perspective indicates that individuals in a negative mood are more likely to engage in deliberate cognitive processes directed toward avoiding risk. This study seeks to resolve the discrepancy between these two perspectives by examining the influence of systematic cognitive processing as a mood regulation strategy (Forgas, 1998). Negative mood states were induced using a standardized film clip procedure. Participants then completed a risk-taking questionnaire either immediately following the induction, after performing a moderately difficult word anagram task, or after a delay period. As expected, participants in the anagram task condition showed lower levels of risk-taking preference than participants in the immediate judgment and delayed task conditions. Implications and future research directions for research in risk-taking and mood regulation are discussed.
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Goldie, Peter. "Emotion, mood and character." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361868.
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Tobias, Betsy Ann 1957. "The effects of explicit and interactive encoding of mood and stimuli on mood-dependent memory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291696.
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The effects of explicitly attending to mood during encoding (rating mood) and interactive encoding of mood and stimuli (writing sentences relating the stimuli to encoding mood) on mood-dependent memory for neutral stimuli were examined. It was proposed that these manipulations would both increase the probability that mood state was encoded and increase the strength of the mood-stimuli link in memory thereby enhancing mood-dependent memory. A two list interference paradigm was used where subjects studied two lists of words in two different moods (happy and sad). Recall for both lists was tested while subjects were in one of the two moods. Mood was manipulated by a musical mood induction procedure. Control groups rated pictures for attractiveness and wrote sentences relating the stimuli to a non-moodrelated construct. Mood-dependent memory was not found in any of the conditions. Methodological and theoretical explanations for failure to find mood-dependency along with proposals for future research were discussed.
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Calderón, Robert Franciscus. "Mood and performance appraisal quality." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282749923.
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Irobunda, Cynthia. "The Effect of Mood on Persuasion: The Role of Music and Dance in Mood Induction." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1090.
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Previous literature has shown how mood influences persuasion. The aim of this study is to investigate how the persuasion and elaboration of strong and weak arguments are increased or decreased by positive and negative moods, that will be induced through distinct video selections. Participants will be asked to watch a video that incorporates specific music and dancing to induce a positive or negative mood. This study is a 2 mood induction (positive vs. negative) X 2 argument strength (strong vs. weak) design. The results of the two-way ANOVA will show that elaboration is suspected to decrease when one is in a positive mood, but increase in a negative mood. Strong arguments are expected to be more persuasive than weak arguments. Mood and dance will successfully induce positive and negative mood. Mood and argument strength will influence persuasion and elaboration. Implications for this study are expected to further research on how to use music and dance in persuasive appeals, and how mood plays a role in emotional decision-making, especially within advertisements.
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Harper, Bridgette. "Mood, Social Goals and Children's Outcome Expectancies." TopSCHOLAR®, 2001. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/661.
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Past research suggests that emotions, arousal, and goals affect how children reason in social situations, but, thus far, there has been very little research on how these variables interact. It has been hypothesized that emotion could affect any area of social information processing directly, but it has also been hypothesized that emotion might have an indirect effect on social information processing. Therefore, a primary hypothesis of the current study was whether emotion influences each step of social information processing directly or whether emotion influences social information processing indirectly by first influencing goal orientations which, in turn, influence the other areas of social information processing. Because there is evidence that aggressive children's social information processing may be disrupted by negative mood, I also examined whether mood affects aggressive children's social information processing more than that of nonaggressive children. The participants were 480 ungraded primary children enrolled in five different elementary schools from two school districts. Participants were tested in two sessions on different days. The first session consisted of sociometric testing. The second session consisted of a mood induction procedure, in which children were induced to feel either angry, happy, or neutral, followed by the response evaluation interview. Three provocation vignettes were presented, and after each vignette, competent, hostile, and inept responses were presented one at a time. For each type of response, children were asked to evaluate the instrumental and social relational consequences as well as the ease/difficulty of performing the response. Results from the current study provide further support for the hypothesis that emotion affects social information processing indirectly by first influencing children's goals which then affect social information processing. It also provides evidence that children's goals for certain situations are actually better predictors of children's selfefficacy beliefs than are children's social statuses. Our study also found results similar to past research that suggested rejected-aggressive children are more sensitive to negative arousal than are accepted-nonaggressive children. The current study did not include the negative emotions sadness and fear. Like anger, sadness and fear are also states of negative arousal; however they could induce a different set of goals and self-efficacy beliefs than does anger. Hence, more research that includes the study of sadness and fear is needed. The current study revealed an indirect influence of emotion on response evaluations. However, nothing is known about the effect of emotion on the other steps of social information processing, such as encoding of information, attribution of intent and response selection. It could be, that, rather than indirectly affecting encoding and attribution of intent, emotion could directly affect how children encode information from their environment and the attribution of their peers' intentions. Because little is known about the effect of emotion on these steps of social information processing, future research should investigate this area further.
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Chong, Florenca. "Effects of mood induction on reasoning." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2588829.
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Kenealy, P. M. "The effects of mood on memory." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355919.
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Tobias, Betsy Ann. "Mood effects on implicit and explicit memory." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185873.
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Three major effects of mood on memory have been identified including mood-dependent memory (MDM), mood congruent memory (MCM) and resource allocation (RA) effects. The results of studies examining these effects have been inconsistent. The majority of these studies have employed explicit memory tests; however, explicit tests provide the opportunity for subjects to self-generate cues for retrieval that might overpower mood as a cue. It was hypothesized that use of an implicit memory test would highlight mood by reducing the opportunity for subjects to generate relatively stronger cues for retrieval, resulting in intensified MDM and MCM effects, provided that the implicit memory test was conceptually-driven and, therefore, could be impacted by mood, and the nominal cues provided at test were reduced to a minimum. An implicit analogue of free recall was developed which met these conditions. It was also hypothesized that MDM would be most likely to be found if stimulus items were related to mood semantically as well as temporally. Subjects studied positive, neutral and negative words following either a happy (H) or sad (S) uninstructed musical mood induction. Half of the stimulus items were encoded elaboratively and half shallowly. Prior to test, subjects received either a happy or sad musical mood induction. Subjects were placed into one of four mood groups based on subjective reports of mood prior to encoding and retrieval (HH, HS, SH, SS). Each subject received an implicit memory test (free recall analogue) followed by an explicit memory test (free recall) for the studied words. No MDM effects were observed; however, when only items that were semantically related to encoding mood (mood congruent) were examined, there was a strong trend towards mood congruency in the implicit but not explicit condition. Mood congruent retrieval was found in the implicit but not explicit condition. No mood congruent encoding or resource allocation effects were observed. It was concluded that mood had a greater opportunity to affect retrieval from episodes when implicit memory tests were employed. Some caveats to this conclusion are discussed as well as potential methodological pitfalls in conducting this type of research.
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Zerbe, Wilfred Joachim. "Mood, motivation, and task me." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29224.
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Theorists in organizational behavior have generally ignored emotional determinants of behavior. A task of this dissertation was to extend the use of emotions for understanding organizational behavior in general and work motivation in particular.
Two theories, expectancy theory and network theory, are used to make predictions about the relationship between mood and perceptions of the relationship between effort and performance. According to expectancy theory, the effort that people choose to expend at tasks is a function of their belief about the degree to which effort and performance covary. Network theory predicts that memories are connected by a network of associations. The accessibility for recall of a memory is a function of the activation of these associations. In this way positive events are more accessible for recall when individuals are in a positive mood state because of associations based on the affective valence of memories. Such accessibility of events for recall has been shown to be a determinant of probability judgements. On this basis it was predicted that mood would bias individuals' judgements of the probability that specific levels of effort lead to specific levels of performance. In other words, that mood affects expectancy. Specifically, it was predicted that individuals in an elated mood would report higher expectancy than individuals in a depressed mood. Mood was defined as a self-evaluative feeling state. Two other hypotheses were formed: that mood would influence how cause for behavior is attributed, and that individual differences in self esteem would moderate the relationship between mood and expectancy.
Three studies were performed to provide a foundation for the testing of these hypotheses. In a fourth study they were tested. Study One assessed the psychometric properties of measures of mood states, individual differences, and task perceptions.
Study Two concerned the experimental induction of mood. Mood manipulations used in the experimental literature were reviewed and one, a musical procedure, was chosen. The validity of this manipulation was then tested by having participants listen to the music of an elated, neutral, or depressed mood induction procedure. The results of Study Two provided strong evidence for the validity of the manipulation. Both self-report measures of mood and an unobtrusive behavioral measure were significantly affected. The results of Study Two also showed the utility of a conceptualization of mood as comprising two components: arousal and pleasure. It was shown that depression is characterized by low arousal and displeasure, and elation by high arousal and pleasure.
Study Three reviewed the conceptualization and measurement of expectancy. It was argued that expectancy is properly conceptualized as the perceived covariation between effort and performance. This requires measurement of the relationship between multiple levels of effort and multiple levels of performance and calculation from these measures of an index of perceived effort -- performance covariation. Most prior measurement has only considered the relationship between high effort and high performance. Further, it was argued that such appropriate measurement allows predictions to be made about expectancy across individuals, in contrast to the argument that expectancy theory is a within-subjects theory.
Previous authors have used such an approach to measure expectancy but have not demonstrated its validity. Study Three undertook such validation. Participants completed one of two experimental tasks: one with high objective expectancy, the other with low objective expectancy. As predicted, scores on the perceived covariation measure of expectancy were significantly higher in the high objective expectancy task. Measures of related constructs were influenced in a manner consistent with this finding. It was concluded that strong support for the expectancy measure existed.
On the foundation of Studies One, Two, and Three, Study Four undertook to test the formal hypotheses of the dissertation. In each of three experimental sessions, participants completed a business decision-making task, underwent either an elation, neutral mood, or depression induction procedure, and then completed measures of their mood state, expectancy, and other task perceptions.
The results of Study Four indicated that significant differences in mood resulted from the manipulation. However, none of the experimental hypotheses were supported. Mood did not influence expectancy or task attributions. A number of alternate explanations for this finding were considered, including failure of the mood manipulation, measurement error, and lack of statistical power. Of these, it was concluded that while Study Four lacked power to detect a large effect, this did not fully explain the failure to support the experimental hypotheses. Also compelling was the argument that the mood manipulation was not sufficiently powerful.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Zahra, Daniel. "Mood, emotive content, and reasoning." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1490.
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Theories of how individuals reason, and how they experience emotion abound in the psychological literature; yet, despite the common lay-theories of how emotions might affect a person’s reasoning, very little empirical work has been conducted on this relationship. The current thesis addresses this knowledge-gap by first distilling from the literature two classes of emotion theory; Information, and Load; and then systematically testing the explanatory power of these theories. A dual-process framework is employed in order to define low (Type One) and high effort (Type Two) strategies. Information theories predict that negative emotion cues more analytic processing relative to positive emotion, whereas load theories predict both positive and negative emotion to suppress use of high-effort strategies. Thus the two theories are compared by varying incidental and integral emotion across syllogistic reasoning, conditional reasoning, and the ratio-bias task, and assessing the engagement of Type One and Type Two processes across positive emotion, negative emotion, and control conditions. The findings suggest that emotion effects in syllogistic reasoning do not consistently support either Load or Information theories (Experiments 1-4). Emotion effects are found to be typically larger for integral than incidental emotion (Experiment 5), and most frequently serve as Information in verbal (Experiments 6 and 7) and visual conditional reasoning tasks (Experiment 8). Furthermore, these effects are to a large extent dependent on task properties such as the number of alternative antecedents (Experiments 9 and 10), and are greater on more difficult tasks (Experiments 11 and 12). These findings suggest that emotion has a greater impact on Type Two than Type One processes. A range of methodological and theoretical implications which will inform future work in this area are also discussed in the closing chapter.
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Pierson, Eric E. McBride Dawn M. "Mood and memory mapping the cognitive-emotive structure /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390309741&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1203095001&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.Title from title page screen, viewed on February 15, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Dawn M. McBride (chair), Alvin E. House, Karla J. Doepke, Robert Peterson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-100) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Nutt, Rachel. "Mood and memory : explanations and exploration." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1594.
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The differences between bipolar-diagnosed and non-clinical control participants were investigated for three memory processes: mood-dependent memory, mood-congruent memory and autobiographical memory perception. Fifty-eight participants generated six autobiographical memories after receiving a positive mood induction and rated them in a number of ways. They also saw four inkblots. After receiving the same or a contrasting mood induction, participants recalled and re-rated the autobiographical memories and attempted to recognise the inkblots. There were significant differences in inkblot recognition amongst the groups, showing mood-dependent memory. Mood congruent judgment was observed for some of the memory ratings. This study paves the way for further investigation into memory differences of this sort in mood disorders.
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Vergunst, Richard. "Lifestyle and mood factors in sport performance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13858.
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Bibliography: leaves 72-85.Elite (n=37), sub-elite (n=37) or non-elite (n=24) sport persons participating in any one of eight individual Olympic recognized sports (archery, fencing, gymnastics, ice skating, swimming, track and field, weightlifting and wrestling) took part in the study. Age and sex of subjects were not controlled. Subjects were given the 'How Healthy a Life do you Lead?', the 'Profile of Mood States' and a general questionnaire to complete. Descriptive analysis portrayed similar lifestyle and mood profiles across the three levels of sport performance while discriminant analysis revealed that lifestyle as well as mood variables could not predict level of sport performance (p < 0.05). The research hypotheses that healthier lifestyle and mood profiles are related to better sport performance were therefore not supported. Other results however revealed that the structure of the lifestyles was related to level of sport performance. Considerations for future research in this area are discussed.
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Schoob, Christine Eilene. "Effects of mood on survey responses." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29162.
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McConville, Christopher. "Personality, motivational, and situational influences on mood variability." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359340.
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Macaulay, Dawn Leigh. "Mood dependent memory : extension and validation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25102.pdf.
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Farrell, Jennifer. "Forgiveness, Mood, and Attachment Style." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1283953274.
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Sparkes, Timothy James. "Personality, mood and daily work stress." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670246.
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Felton, Adam. "The effect of mood on language interpretation." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/400.
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Samson, Deborah Christine Veronica. "The effect of mood induction on fear reduction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26912.
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The present research examined the relationship between mood and fear. A musical mood induction technique was utilized to induced either a happy mood or a sad mood in eighty-four female university students fearful of spiders or snakes. Following mood induction, subjects underwent in vivo systematic desensitization to reduce their fear. Fear levels were reassessed four weeks later and those subjects who showed a return of fear underwent a second session of exposure therapy. Measures of subjective fear and self-efficacy were taken before and after mood induction and again after fear reduction. The length of time taken to reduce fear was also recorded. The findings showed that an induced sad mood led to greater subjective fear and lower self-efficacy compared with an induced happy mood. In addition, an induced sad mood during fear reduction was associated with greater return of fear four weeks later. No difference was found in the length of time taken to reduce fear for happy and sad subjects.
This study also addressed the issue of mood state dependency of fear reduction. It was hypothesized that subjects who underwent their second session of fear reduction while in a mood state congruent with that of their first session would show more rapid habituation than those in an incongruent mood state. The results did not support this hypothesis.
If the findings of this investigation prove generalizable to clinical depression, they suggest that the most effective approach in treating individuals who are both clinically depressed and anxious may be to treat the depression before beginning exposure to fearful situations or stimuli.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
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Moghaddam, Nima Golijani. "Modelling smoking motivation : mood, personality and appetitive behaviour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14432/.
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The overarching aim of this research was to investigate the role of affectivity in real-world smoking behaviour. The motivational relationship between affect and smoking was conceptualised within an interactive hierarchical framework: assessing associations with natural situational variability over time, and moderation by relevant individual differences (chiefly, BIS-BAS scores - as reflecting affective disposition/motivational sensitivity). An initial questionnaire study was undertaken towards the development of a diary design that would be useful in capturing experiences around everyday smoking behaviour (Chapter 4). This design was then applied in a series of diary studies that were set up to address questions pertaining to the central aim of the research. The main body of the thesis is structured around these areas of enquiry. Chapter 5 tested competing theoretical models of mood-smoking motivation in everyday contexts and Chapter 6 extended this Investigation hierarchically: to ascertain whether there are individual differences in identified motivational experiences. Chapter 7 compared smoking with natural appetitive behaviour (food consumption) to better demarcate parts of the motivational process that might be set awry in reinforcement of non-natural consumption. The influence of more general periodic shifts in motivational experiences and behaviour on consumption/desire to consume was examined in Chapter 8. The final investigative chapter (Chapter 9) compared processes identified for normal smoking behaviour with processes during deprivation/abstinence. Each chapter draws on data from the diary studies as appropriate. Findings were generally congruent with other naturalistic research in supporting positive mood enhancement (principally, anticipatory elevation of hedonic tone) as a motivation for normal smoking. BAS reward-sensitivity moderated hedonic incentive effects, but not in the expected direction. Comparisons with natural consumption behaviour suggested that motivations for natural appetitive rewards may differ from those for acquired substance use. Notably, smoking motivations changed somewhat during deprivation, when tense arousal and frustration emerged as operative factors. Chapter 10 considers the implications of the research for models of mood and personality. These include implications for conceptualising reinforcement sensitivity.
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Nelson, Lisa Kim. "Mood and sociability in Cornelia de Lange syndrome." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1037/.
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Background: Recent literature on the behavioural phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome suggests that the trajectory of a number of behaviours may be atypical in the syndrome, including mood and sociability however there is a lack of quantitative research to support these findings. Methods: Three empirical studies were conducted. The first study employed a questionnaire design to follow up mood, interest and pleasure over a two-year period in individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The second study involved the development of an informant-based questionnaire to examine the trajectory of sociability in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. The third study employed an experimental design to examine indicators of social anxiety in adolescents and adults with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Results: Low mood and reduced initiation of social interactions with unfamiliar people is characteristic of older adolescents and adults with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Reduced verbalisation is also evident in this group when demands involving the initiation of speech are placed upon these individuals and this is related to impairments in both planning and working memory. A high rate of selective mutism is also characteristic of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Conclusion: The trajectory of both mood and sociability appears atypical in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Cognitive impairments may underpin these behavioural differences in adolescents and adults with the syndrome. A hypothetical model of the pathway from genes to behaviour via cognition is proposed for older adolescents and adults with the syndrome.
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Raymond, Katrina A. "The influence of mood on self-defining memories." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2385.
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The portfolio has three parts. Part one is a systematic literature review, in which the empirical literature relating to self-defining memories is reviewed. The term 'self-defining memories' which was first coined by Singer and Moffitt (1991-1992), refers to a subcategory of autobiographical memories that are of important events in our personal histories that we believe define who we are (Singer, 2005). The systematic literature review presented in this portfolio examines which factors may affect the recollection of SDMs recall in terms of the types of memories recalled, but also the experience of recalling such poignant memories. Part two is an empirical paper, which explores the how changes in mood may affect the recollection of self-defining memories. This investigation uses laboratory induced changes in mood to examine how mood variation may affect the thematic content, and affective response to SDMs in a group of individuals with bipolar disorder, and nonclinical controls. The findings suggested partial support for the hypotheses that mood does influence the type of SDMs recalled, affective responses to memories, and perception of positive self when thinking of the memories. However, contrary to predictions, the effect of mood was not found to differ between individuals with bipolar disorder and non-clinical controls. Interestingly, this study found that individuals with bipolar disorder recalled memories that contained themes of a disrupted sense of identity, or acting out of character, when by their nature, SDMs are meant to reflect events that an individual feels defines who they are rather than who they are not. Part three comprises the appendices. This part contains additional information relating to the literature review and empirical paper, including information about ethical approval.
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Kwok, Fong-pui, and 郭舫貝. "Effects of mood on risky decision making." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209535.
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There is increasing evidence supporting the Affect Infusion Model (AIM), which accounts for the role of affect processing in social judgments. Based on the AIM, the study examined the role of mood states in making risky decisions. Forty female Chinese adults from Hong Kong were recruited for this study. A mood induction procedure was applied before they engaged in the experimental task. On random assignment, each subject was induced either a positive (Happy group), or negative mood (Sad group). Results revealed successful mood induction and no significant interaction effects between the groups across pre-and post-tests. The findings did not support the hypothesis based on the AIM, nor the hypotheses advocating for the opposite of the AIM – Mood Maintenance Hypothesis (MMH) and Mood Repair Hypothesis (MRH). It suggested further studies to examine the possible curvilinear relationship between mood and risky decision making, which will highlight the influence of mood on our decision making when risk taking is involved.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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Wilmot, Dennis John. "Experimenter and mood influences in environmental research." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363455.
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Eberhart, Nicole Kurzer. "Interpersonal predictors of stress generation and depressed mood." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481675871&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Anstey, Hannah Elisabeth. "Visual imagery, mood, and goal appraisal in bipolar disorder." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5291.
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The following portfolio consists of three parts: a systematic literature review, an empirical study and a set of appendices. Part one is a systematic literature review, in which the theoretical, conceptual and empirical literature related to goal processes in bipolar disorder is reviewed. The review begins with an overview of the research in this area, and in particular the Behavioral Activation System dysregulation theory of bipolar disorder. It continues with a rationale for the current review. The paper describes the methods used to obtain included studies, and synthesises the results into conceptually similar goal processes. An overview of the findings and limitations of the research is followed by an analysis of the limitations of the review, clinical implications, suggestions for future research and conclusions. Part two is an empirical paper, which explores whether a novel imagery task and novel goal appraisal task are useful methods for the investigation of whether mood episodes in bipolar disorder are related to cognitive processes that amplify the effect of imagery in bipolar disorder. The effect of visual and verbal processing on mood and goal appraisal for participants in a control group are considered and compared to a small clinical group. The preliminary research findings and conclusions are followed by a discussion of the study’s clinical limitations and implications for future research. Part three comprises the appendices, which support the previous two parts. This includes a reflective statement and critical appraisal of the research process.
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Attwood, Angela Suzanne. "Conditioned cognitive and mood effects of caffeine in humans." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6203/.
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Findings from animal studies suggest that stimuli present during the administration of psycho stimulant drugs can acquire the ability to elicit drug-like conditioned increases in locomotor activity. Human pharmacological drug-like conditioned responses are less well researched. There is evidence suggesting that stimuli paired with psycho stimulant administration can elicit drug-like physiological and subjective changes, as well as increases in drug craving. However, to date, no study has explicitly examined whether drug-induced facilitation of cognitive performance can be conditioned to drug-associated stimuli. The studies in the present thesis set out to test this and examine the extent to which the pattern of results conformed to the principles of Pavlovian classical conditioning. Caffeine was used as a model psycho stimulant drug, due to its well-reported ability to facilitate various aspects of cognitive performance. However, due to difficulties obtaining reliable effects of caffeine, the factors that may influence the effects of caffeine in a caffeine consumer sample were also investigated and reviewed. These factors included dose, expectancy, absorption interval, type of task, withdrawal and level of habitual consumption. It was concluded that caffeine can enhance cognitive performance, however these effects are inconsistent and may be influenced by individual differences. In addition, findings from a screening procedure indicated that responses to caffeine differ even within an overnight-deprived caffeine consumer population, an effect that appears to be dependent on the level of habitual caffeine intake. Due to such individual variation in the responses to caffeine, the conditioned effects were examined using a differential (i.e. within-subjects) conditioning procedure in which one set of environmental stimuli were paired with caffeine, and another set were paired with placebo. When subsequently tested free of drug, there were no differences in performance or mood responses at the conditioning test. However, there was evidence of caffeine facilitation on performance and mood during early conditioning trials that was lost on later conditioning trials due to a systematic improvement in the placebo condition. It was argued that this may be due to a conditioned response being acquired in the caffeine paired context which generalised to the placebo paired context. To test this hypothesis a second differential conditioning paradigm was conducted with fewer trials to establish whether evidence of a conditioned response could be observed in the caffeine-paired context during a placebo challenge. Evidence of a conditioned facilitation of reaction time was found, suggesting that the environment in which caffeine is ingested can acquire drug-like facilitations of cognitive performance.
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Christian, Kelly M. "Effects of Anxious Mood on Play Processes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1223656658.
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Kissinger, Alicia. "Depressive Rumination and the Mood-as-Input Hypothesis." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/519.
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The mood-as-input hypothesis was developed to explain perseverative worry. Based on this model, it is predicted that the amount of time individuals persist on tasks is based on their mood, and this hypothesis may explain the tendency for some individuals to engage in prolonged episodes of depressive rumination. However, surprisingly few studies have examined the applicability of the hypothesis to depressive rumination. Based on the mood-as-input hypothesis, it was predicted that persistence at a rumination task would be greatest in a "sad mood" condition paired with an "as many as can" (AMA) stop rule because individuals with depression have a difficult time assessing when to disengage from the rumination process. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three mood conditions (positive, negative, or neutral) through the use of movie clips from the Lion King and one of two stop rules conditions (as many as can or feel like stopping). Participants then completed the Catastrophic Interview Procedure (CIP), in which they were asked to recall a situation or event in their life that is associated with a depressed mood. More steps are indicative of greater rumination. Contrary to previous literature on the topic, there was no significant interaction between mood and stop rules on depressive steps; however the current study was the first to identify rumination as a predictor of variance after controlling for mood and stop rules indicating that the natural tendency to engage in rumination is an additional relevant variable in a basic perseveration task.
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Rousseau, Glenna S. Correia Christopher J. "The reinforcing value of alcohol in a drinking to cope paradigm." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Psychology/Dissertation/Rousseau_Glenna_45.pdf.
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Meegama, Nileeni. "Effects of mood on media research surveys /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717170.
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Snively, Therese A. "Cigarette smoking, mood states and the effect of the menstrual cycle /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488187763844888.
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Houser-Marko, Linda. "Keeping your eyes on the prize versus your nose to the grindstone the effects of level of goal evaluation on mood and motivation /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4706.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 27, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Donaldson, Bruce William, and n/a. "The psychophysiological consequences of depressed mood-related cognitive responses." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060831.114812.
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A substantial amount of research has investigated the psychophysiological profiles of various mood and emotional states; however, very little research has investigated individuals� mood responses from a psychophysiological perspective. As a result, little is known about the psychophysiological reactivity of individuals to various mood-related responses, or the ability of psychophysiological measures to differentiate between response styles. Furthermore, most investigations in the area of mood-related response styles have relied on participants self-report responses of their mood reactivity, which is considered to be susceptible to demand characteristics and response bias. Psychophysiological measures are thought to offer a unique and alternative measure of mood reactivity that can corroborate, or challenge self-report findings. They are considered to be less susceptible to demand effects than self-report, and can detect subtle changes in mood reactivity activity when an overt response is not apparent. In view of this, the primary objective of this thesis was to move beyond a reliance on subjective self-report measurements of mood reactivity, and to investigate the consequences of depressed mood-related cognitive response styles from a psychophysiological perspective. As part of this investigation, this thesis aims to address a number of theoretical and practical questions relating to the use of psychophysiological measures in mood research and clinical practice.
The research is divided into four studies, each one focusing on a particular aspect of the investigation.
The aim of Study 1 was to select and trial a laboratory-based mood induction procedure (MIP) and a self-report mood measure, with the intention of developing a reliable method of inducing and measuring depressed mood. Two film clips that contained either positive or negative affective content were presented to participants. Self-report responses on the Mood Scale confirmed that the negative film clip elicited a very unpleasant mood state with high emotional arousal, and that the positive film clip elicited a mildly pleasant mood state with low emotional arousal. The positive and negative Film Clip MIPs were then used in Studies 2 and 2a, to investigate participants� psychophysiological reactivity to induced mood.
The aim of Studies 2 and 2a was to identify a set of psychophysiological measures that would differentiate between participants� mood states. In Study 2, the positive and negative Film Clip MIPs, from Study 1, were again presented to participants. Corrugator supercilii facial EMG activity, zygomaticus major facial EMG activity, skin conductance activity (SCA), heart rate (plethysmograph, sphygmomanometer), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and self-report ratings on the Mood Scale were recorded. Results confirmed that participant self-reported affective responses were similar to those reported in Study 1; however, mixed results were obtained in regards to individuals� psychophysiological responses to the MIPs. Facial EMG activity and heart rate (plethysmograph) were consistent with participants� self-reported mood, whereas, SCA and systolic blood pressure were inconsistent with participants� self-reported mood. Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate (sphygmomanometer) did not differentiate between the MIPs. As the results were somewhat contradictory to expectations, it was decided to further investigate the psychophysiology of induced mood in Study 2a, using a revised set of psychophysiological measures.
In Study 2a, the positive and negative Film Clip MIPs were again presented to participants. Corrugator supercilii facial EMG activity, zygomaticus major facial EMG activity, SCA, heart rate (ECG), and finger temperature, were recorded along with participants� Mood Scale ratings. It was found that facial EMG activity and SCA, paralleled participant self-report as expected, and were most responsive to participants� change in mood state. Heart rate (ECG) and finger temperature did not clearly differentiate between the induced mood states.
The aim of Study 3 was to conduct an experimental, laboratory-based investigation, into the psychophysiological and subjective mood consequences of two cognitive response styles: self-focused depressive rumination and external-focused distraction. As in the previous study, the negative Film Clip MIP and the Mood Scale were used to induce depressed mood and to measure participants� subjective mood state. Psychophysiological reactivity was recorded by measuring participants� corrugator supercilii facial EMG, zygomaticus major facial EMG, SCA, heart rate (sphygmomanometer), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Trait response style was measured using the Response Style Questionnaire (RSQ; Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991) and social desirability was measured using the Marlowe Crowne-Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS; Crowne & Marlowe, 1960). As predicted by the Response Style Theory of depression (RST), increased self-reported negative mood was found when participants responded to the induced depressed mood, using a self-focused depressive rumination response style, rather than an external-focused distraction response style. Psychophysiological activity increased over the course of the negative Film Clip MIP for all psychophysiological measures, however, only corrugator supercilii facial EMG activity clearly differentiated between the cognitive response styles, in a way predicted by individuals� self-report responses. There was no evidence of a relationship between participants� trait response style and their psychophysiological reactivity or mood responses during the experiment. However, individuals high in trait rumination reported greater depressive symptomatology, and less mood reactivity during the experiment, than those high in trait distraction. Furthermore, participants� ratings of social desirability were positively associated with their level of depressive symptomatology and trait rumination.
The aim of Study 4 was to conduct a pilot study to investigate the psychophysiological consequences of two further cognitive response styles: negative automatic thoughts and positive autobiographical recall. A series of twelve single-case (ABC-ABC) experiments were carried out using a procedure analogous to a clinical therapy process. Initially a depressed Story MIP was used to induce a depressed mood in participants (A). Participants were then required to respond to their depressed mood using negative self-statements (B), and positive autobiographical recall (C). Consistent with previous studies, zygomaticus major facial EMG and corrugator supercilii facial EMG clearly paralleled participants� mood reactivity throughout the experiment, whereas SCA and heart rate showed less consistent patterns of reactivity.
This thesis has made an important contribution to mood and psychophysiological research by presenting the first in-depth investigation into the psychophysiological consequences of how people respond to depressed mood, from both a theoretical and a clinical perspective. It is anticipated that the findings of this research will bring about further investigation into the comparative efficacy of various brief mood-related cognitive intervention techniques, which will ultimately assist scientist-practitioners in selecting suitable brief cognitive intervention techniques for helping clients ameliorate their negative mood, emotional, and cognitive states.
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Nelson, Linda D. "Differential effects of mood alteration on cognitive-mediated depression /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266362335927.
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Clen, Shauna Lyn. "Mood Effects of Concrete Versus Abstract Depressive Rumination." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1270256117.
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Fichman, Laura. "Depressive styles in adolescence : investigating psychosocial adjustment and daily mood regulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ29934.pdf.
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Caldwell, Laura Elizabeth. "Adult attachment and coping style in students with elevated mood." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2014. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1977/.
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Background: The psychological wellbeing of individuals may be disrupted through experiencing periods of elevated mood, known as mania. Identifying processes which may be used to predict the onset of mania may be helpful in the development of more specialised psychological interventions. The research explores the cognitive processes which may contribute to the development of elevated mood episodes. Methods: The research addresses this question through a review of the literature which is used to inform the current investigation. The study considers how coping style and attachment style may be used to predict the onset of elevated mood in undergraduate and postgraduate university students (n=100). Participants completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991), the Brief COPE (Carver, 1997) and the Goldberg Mania Questionnaire (GMQ: Goldberg, 1993). Regression analyses were conducted to explore the data. The reflective paper highlights some of the methodological limitations, clinical implications and ethical considerations of the study. Results: The literature review revealed that cognitions such as positive rumination, specific beliefs about the self and a positive cognitive style were implicated in the development of manic experiences. The empirical study found that a preoccupied attachment style, and coping strategies of denial distraction and humour were significant predictors of elevated mood. Discussion: The clinical implications regarding how the results may inform clinical practice through psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy are discussed. Limitations included the cross sectional design methodology, the use of online questionnaires and difficulties in generalisation. Conclusions: Attachment style and coping strategies may be used to predict the onset of elevated moods. This may be useful for the development of new psychological interventions in mania. The thesis provides further clarification regarding psychological factors involved in the development of mania and identifies possible new areas for further exploration.
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Ussher, Jane Maria. "Variations in performance, mood and state during the menstrual cycle." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1987. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/af8d6c5f-91b6-425b-8c7a-a77b22d9e44a/1/.
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Two investigations were carried out to examine variations in cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood and state, during the menstrual cycle. In the first, ten normally cycling subjects were tested on four computerised cognitive and psychomotor tasks, eight times during one menstrual cycle. Measures of state were taken, using self-report, heart rate and time to basal skin potential. Subjects completed daily mood ratings and a retrospective mood questionnaire. At each testing session, subjects recorded the events of the last four days. The data were examined for the relationship between state and performance, state and mood, state and cycle phase, and between performance and phase. Self-reported arousal significantly increased in the premenstrual phase, and heart rate increased in the luteal phase of the cycle. There were few significant relations between state and performance, or performance and phase: those obtained could be explained aschance. Self-reported stress was greater with negative mood, yet overall there were few significant patterns between mood and state. Mood was found to be more strongly related to event than to cycle phase. A cyclical variation in mood was recorded on retrospective questionnaires much more frequently than on daily questionnaires. A second study investigated the differences between self diagnosed Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) sufferers and non sufferers, (both oral contraceptive users and normally cycling subjects), on mood, performance, state, and reaction to mild stress, at premenstrual or intermenstrual stages of the cycle. There were no differences between the subject groups on performance during the cycle, or reaction to stress. Self-reported stress and arousal increased premenstrually for all subjects. A few differences were found between the pill and non pill subjects, and between the PMS and non PMS subjects on mood ratings. PMS subjects scored significantly higher on the Neuroticism scale of the EPI than Non PMS subjects, and were more 'A type' in personality, on a Framingham A/B personality scale. Results were discussed in terms of compensatory effort and coping strategies.
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Zahner, Greg J. "Mood and Perceived Fairness: The Context Dependency of Empathy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/318.
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The three components model of empathy proposed by Decety and Jackson (2004) is currently the dominant model of empathy. The three components include: 1) the affective component (Simulation Theory), 2) emotional perspective taking, and 3) emotion regulation (self/other distinction). The purpose of the current study was to examine whether empathic perspective taking is dependent on context and to provide a behavioral basis for a follow-up fMRI study. More specifically, we wanted to know how body contexts (e.g. mood) and situational contexts (e.g. perceived fairness of a partner) affect emotional perspective taking. To examine the interaction between mood and perceived fairness of a partner, a 2 (mood group: neutral vs. negative) × 2 (fairness condition: unfair partner vs. fair partner) between-groups experimental design was employed. Mood induction videos were employed for the mood manipulation and participants played either a fair or unfair preprogrammed partner in a modified ultimatum game. After both manipulations, three measures were used to assess perspective taking and several post-game behavioral measures were also employed. Results were obtained from 73 participants (age: 18-22; female = 46, ~18 in each condition). The results demonstrated that participants in the negative mood had more difficulty empathizing with unfair partners and had a greater desire for revenge against them than participants in a neutral mood in the same unfair situations. Therefore, human empathy is not constant, but varies depending on a variety of contexts. We can now use this paradigm for a future fMRI study to investigate the neural substrates underlying this context dependency with a particular emphasis on the frontopolar cortex and the nucleus accumbens.
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McCallum, Barbara Ruth. "An examination of the experience of living with mood disorders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58576.pdf.
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Swenson, Carol. "The Relationship Between Mood Elevation and Attribution Change in the Reduction of Depression." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330687/.
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This study investigated the relationship between the depressive attributional style described by Beck and Seligman and elevation of mood. It was proposed that mood elevation would reduce the level of depression and, in addition, would reduce the number of negative attributions. The reduction of negative attributions was assumed to be a more cognitively mediated process and was proposed to occur subsequent to mood change. These assumptions are contrary to the current cognitive theories of depression and attribution which view attributional style as a prerequisite to both the development and reduction of depression. Subjects were 30 undergraduate students between the ages of 19 and 40 years old who volunteered to participate in the study. They were screened on the basis of demonstrated depression (13 and above on the Beck Inventory) and susceptibility to hypnosis (high susceptibility on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility) . Subjects were randcmly assigned to one of three groups; (1) hypnosis with mood elevation, (2) hypnosis with relaxation, and (3) no treatment control. The results supported the hypothesis that mood elevation would reduce level of depression. The mood elevation group demonstrated a lowering of depression. The effects of the treatment procedure did not appear until the fourth session. As anticipated, reduction in negative attributions did not precede or coincide with reduction in depression. It was not possible to determine the change in the attributional style of subject during the time period of this study. The results were discussed in terms of Bower's Associative Network Theory in which activation of mood facilitates the access to memories, behaviors, and interpretation of events which are congruent with the mood state.
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Malik, Aiysha. "The broad bipolar phenotype : sampling the experience of mood, stress and mental imagery." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573476.
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The overarching aim of this thesis was to use an experimental psychopathology approach to investigate mood, stress and mental imagery in the Broad Bipolar Phenotype (BPP), defined by the experience of elevated lifetime hypomania. Daily mood reactions to stress have been well explored in psychosis, but the limited research in BD has produced mixed findings. Holmes, Geddes, Colom and Goodwin (2008) hypothesised that mental imagery in BD may amplify emotion and worsen day to day mood extremes. This thesis investigates volunteers ranging across the continuum ofthe BPP in relation to key variables from the Holmes et al (2008) model: mood, stress and mental imagery, and brings new methodology to this area. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ; Hirschfeld et ai, 2000) was used to identify groups with high (N=50; ~ 7 symptoms) and low (N=60; :s 6 symptoms) rates of hypomanic experience i.e. high MDQ and low MDQ. A single investigation was conducted for this thesis (N=IIO) which is divided into four studies. Study I and 2 tested the hypothesis that high MDQ volunteers would report higher levels of mental imagery compared to low MDQ volunteers. Study I (N=61) found that high MDQ volunteers had higher levels of trait mental imagery and intrusive imagery of the future, replicating patient findings. Study 2 (N=49) extended these findings to additional imagery measures. In a laboratory study, study 3 tested the hypothesis that after an experimental stressor (a traumatic film) high MDQ volunteers would experience more image-based flashback memories to the film than low MDQ volunteers. Volunteers reported any flashback memories to the film via mobile phone Short Message Service (SMS) prompts for six days, plus convergent measures at follow-up. As predicted, compared to the low MDQ group, the high MDQ group experienced significantly more flashback memories to the stressor (on all measures). Study 4 used an Experience Sampling Method (ESM; momentary assessment sampling over time) to frequently monitor mood and its event-related stress context. Thus, in the context of daily life study 4 sought to explore the role of bipolarity in exacerbating mood reactions, in comparison to other hypothesised contributors: neuroticism and intrusive imagery of the future. SMS mobile-phone messages were sent 10 times a day for 6 days to capture event-related stress ratings and mood ratings. Higher bipolarity (MDQ), neuroticism (EPQN) and intrusive imagery of the future (IFES) were each associated with increased mood reactions over six days, compared to lower levels of these characteristics. In understanding which of these characteristics best accounted for mood reactions, bipolarity (MDQ) best accounted for elated mood reactions, neuroticism did not best account for any moods, intrusive imagery of the future (lFES) best accounted for sad, depressed and anxious mood reactions and both bipolarity and intrusive imagery of the future best accounted for fearful mood reactions. In summary, the aim of this thesis was to investigate volunteers ranging across the continuum of the BPP in relation to key variables from the Holmes et al (2008) model: mood, stress and mental imagery. As predicted, compared to low MDQ volunteers, the high MDQ group had higher levels of I) self-reported use of mental imagery, 2) negative flashback memory imagery after an experimental stressor and 3) daily life negative mood reactions to stress. Critically, repeatedly imaging future scenes (lFES), which flash to mind unbidden, was found to show the greatest impact on negative mood reactions in daily life. Mental imagery offers a psychological characteristic which is elevated in volunteers at the higher end of the BPP continuum and also has the potential to be a novel cognitive treatment target in clinical BD samples. For example, targeting flashback memories after a stressor or targeting intrusive imagery of the future may help regulate mood reactions in daily life. This warrants further investigation in patients with BD.
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Jassani, Amir. "Mood, judgment and the impact of a life event." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055519339.
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Lauren, Jessica. "Is rumination general or specific to negative mood states? the relationship between rumination and distraction and depressed, anxious, and angry moods in women /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2006. http://etd.umsl.edu/r1161.
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Hissom, John Paul. "The Mood Type Indicator as compared with the MMPI-2 and BDI-II a study of validity and reliability /." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=613.
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