Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mood and information processing'
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Hamilton, Kate E. "Mood and cognition, mood state dependence and information processing in remitted depression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ55283.pdf.
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Dumitrascu, Nicolae. "The Impact of Induced Mood on Visual Information Processing." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321490234.
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Fisher, Daniel Joseph. "Effects of mood and cognition on the social information-processing mechanisms underlying aggression /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-1/fisherd/danielfisher.pdf.
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Cheng, Clara Michelle. "Self-reference in mystery moods consequences for information processing and self-enhancement /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1147729556.
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Lamar, Marlys Camille. "The Effects of Mood State and Intensity on Cognitive Processing Modes." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331434/.
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To investigate the effects of emotional arousal on information processing strategy, three different moods (sadness, anger, and happiness) were hypnotically induced at three different levels of intensity (high, medium, and low) in 29 male and female undergraduate students, while engaging them in a visual information processing task. Subjects were screened for hypnotic susceptibility and assigned to either a high susceptibility group or low susceptibility group to account for the attentional bias associated with this trait. All subjects were trained to access the three emotions at the three levels of intensity. During separate experimental sessions, subjects were hypnotized, and asked to access a mood and experience each level of intensity while being administered the Navon Design Discrimination Task, a measure of global and analytic visual information processing. Scores were derived for global processing, analytic processing, and a percentage of global to analytic processing for each level of mood and intensity. Two (hypnotic susceptibility) x 3 (emotion) x 3 (intensity level) repeated measures ANOVAs were computed on the global, analytic, and percentage scores. In addition, two separate ANCOVAs were computed on each dependent measure to account for the effects of handedness, and cognitive style. None of these analyses revealed significant main effects or interactions. The analysis of the percentage scores revealed a trend toward differences between the emotions, but in a direction opposite to that hypothesized. Hypnotic susceptibility does not appear to mediate global and analytic responses to the Navon visual information processing task when emotions are being experienced. Results regarding emotions and emotional intensity were discussed in terms of the problems with adequate control and manipulation of mood and intensity level. Difficulties with the Navon measure were also explored with regard to the exposure duration in the Navon task, and its adequacy in measuring shifts in information processing associated with transient mood states. Implications for future research were discussed.
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Briks, Jeffrey Edward. "The Influence of Emotions on Interviewers’ Information Search Behaviors: A Test of an Information Processing Model." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1258051753.
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East, Rebekah Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Happy and gullible, sad and wise? Mood effects on factual and interpersonal skepticism." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24371.
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The primary aim of this research was to examine the influence of temporary mood states on factual and interpersonal skepticism. Based on recent affect-cognition theorising and research on credibility judgment, 7 studies predicted that negative moods increase and positive moods decrease skepticism, because of the information-processing consequences of these affective states. First, three studies examined the influence of mood on factual skepticism toward urban myths and legends (Study 1) and novel and familiar general knowledge claims (Studies 2-3). Contrary to predictions, Study 1 found that sad participants were less skeptical than happy participants towards urban legends, possibly due to the negative valence of the claims. Because the feeling of familiarity has been shown to be an important determinant of truth, Studies 2-3 examined the influence of mood and familiarity on skepticism. Consistent with information processing theories of mood, happy participants were more likely than sad participants to give credence to familiar general knowledge claims (Study 2), even when given explicit feedback about their actual truth or falsity during initial exposure to claims (Study 3). The remainder of this thesis extended these findings to interpersonal judgments. Studies 4-5 found that sad participants were more skeptical of the genuineness of facial expressions of emotion compared to happy participants. Studies 6-7 examined whether sad participants might also show greater lie detection accuracy. In Study 6, happy, sad and neutral-mood participants judged the credibility of targets honestly or deceptively describing their emotional reaction to an affectively-laden film, but no evidence was found of mood induced differences in deception detection accuracy. However, in Study 7, sad participants were more skeptical than happy participants about the veracity of videotaped individuals honestly or deceptively denying their involvement in a mock crime (a theft), and showed greater accuracy at discerning lies from truths. This dissertation contributes to the affect-cognition literature by demonstrating that not only may sad moods lead people to be more skeptical, but they may also confer an advantage at detecting deception. The implications of these findings for everyday credibility judgment and for contemporary theories of affect and cognition are considered.
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久木山, 健一, and Kenichi KUKIYAMA. "大学生の社会的情報処理と友人関係適応の関連." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3069.
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Ellenbogen, Mark Alexander. "Stress and selective attention, the impact of a stressful challenge on mood, cortisol, and the processing of emotional information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59221.pdf.
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Svensson, Peter, and Youssef Taoudi. "Labeling Moods of Movies by Processing Subtitles." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254547.
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Labeling movies by moods is a feature that is useful for recommendation engines in modern movie streaming applications. Movie recommendation based on moods is a feature that could improve user experience for movie streaming platforms by recommending more relevant movies to users. This thesis describes the development of a mood labeling feature that labels movies by processing movie subtitles through Natural Language Processing. Movies are processed by analysing subtitles to predict the mood of a movie through computational methods. The prototype utilizes movies pre-labeled with moods to construct a lexicon that contains information of the defining attributes for moods in movie subtitles. Using the constructed lexicon, the similarities between a movie subtitle and a lexicon can be compared to calculate the probability that a movie belongs to a specific mood. Four moods were chosen for analysis in the prototype: fear, sadness, joy, and surprise.The Naive Bayes method was chosen as the classifier for the prototype. A Naive Bayes classifier observes each occurring word in a movie without consideration to the context of the word in a text or sentence. The results showed that the classifier had trouble distinguishing between the moods. However, for all configurations of the prototype, the classifier showed higher precision for the mood fear compared to the other moods. Overall the classifier performed poorly and did not produce a reliable result.Klassificering av filmer via stämning är en funktion som är användbar för rekommendationsmotorer i moderna filmströmmingsprogram. Filmrekommendation baserad på stämning är en funktion som kan förbättra användarupplevelsen på filmströmmande plattformar genom att rekommendera mer relevanta filmer till användarna. Denna uppsats beskriver utvecklingen av en prototyp för att klassificera filmer efter deras stämning genom att bearbeta filmens undertexter med hjälp av metoder inom språkteknologi. Filmer bearbetas genom att analysera undertexter för att avgöra stämningen hos en film. Prototypen använder filmer som är fördefinierade med stämning för att konstruera ett lexikon som innehåller information om de definierande egenskaperna för en stämning i filmtexter. Med hjälp av ett konstruerat lexikon kan likheterna mellan en filmtextning och ett lexikon jämföras för att beräkna sannolikheten för att en film tillhör en viss stämning. Fyra stämningar valdes för analys i prototypen: rädsla, sorg, glädje och överraskning.Navie Bayes-metoden valdes som klassificeringsmedel för prototypen. En Naive Bayes-klassificerare observerar varje förekommande ord utan hänsyn till ordets sammanhang i en mening eller text. Resultaten visade att klassificeringen hade problem att skilja mellan stämningarna. För samtliga konfigurationer av prototypen visade klassificeringsenheten dock högre precision för rädsla jämfört med de andra stämningarna. Sammantaget presterade klassificeraren dåligt och gav inte ett tillförlitligt resultat.
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Laurier, Cyril François. "Automatic Classification of musical mood by content-based analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51582.
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In this work, we focus on automatically classifying music by mood. For this purpose, we propose computational models using information extracted from the audio signal. The foundations of such algorithms are based on techniques from signal processing, machine learning and information retrieval. First, by studying the tagging behavior of a music social network, we find a model to represent mood. Then, we propose a method for automatic music mood classification. We analyze the contributions of audio descriptors and how their values are related to the observed mood. We also propose a multimodal version using lyrics, contributing to the field of text retrieval. Moreover, after showing the relation between mood and genre, we present a new approach using automatic music genre classification. We demonstrate that genre-based mood classifiers give higher accuracies than standard audio models. Finally, we propose a rule extraction technique to explicit our models.En esta tesis, nos centramos en la clasificación automática de música a partir de la detección de la emoción que comunica. Primero, estudiamos cómo los miembros de una red social utilizan etiquetas y palabras clave para describir la música y las emociones que evoca, y encontramos un modelo para representar los estados de ánimo. Luego, proponemos un método de clasificación automática de emociones. Analizamos las contribuciones de descriptores de audio y cómo sus valores están relacionados con los estados de ánimo. Proponemos también una versión multimodal de nuestro algoritmo, usando las letras de canciones. Finalmente, después de estudiar la relación entre el estado de ánimo y el género musical, presentamos un método usando la clasificación automática por género. A modo de recapitulación conceptual y algorítmica, proponemos una técnica de extracción de reglas para entender como los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático predicen la emoción evocada por la música
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Mueller, Melinda K. "The role of mood on inferential processing." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5415.
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The way a reader comprehends a text is influenced by a number of factors; and one factor that may play a critical role is the reader’s mood. The extant literature documents that happy and sad moods elicit different processing styles, but the effects on reading comprehension processes, specifically inferential processing, are not completely understood. This study examined the effects happy, sad, and neutral moods had on the generation of bridging and predictive inferences. After a video mood induction, participants read texts that supported the generation of inferences but at varying constraint levels (strong, weak, control). Participants then completed a lexical decision task after each text. Response times for the lexical decision task were shortest for texts that were strongly constrained, followed by weakly constrained, and finally control texts. Accuracy for the lexical decision task was greatest for strongly constrained, followed by weakly constrained, and control texts. There was a marginally significant effect of mood, such that happy-induced readers generated more predictive inferences than sad-induced readers.Thesis (M.Ed.)--Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Counseling, Educational and School Psychology
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Gingnell, Malin. "Ovarian Steroid Hormones, Emotion Processing and Mood." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Obstetrik & gynekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-199791.
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It is known that some psychiatric disorders may deteriorate in relation to the menstrual cycle. However, in some conditions, such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), symptomatology is triggered mainly by the variations in ovarian steroid hormones. Although symptoms induced by fluctuations in ovarian steroids often are affective, little is known about how emotion processing in women is influenced by variations, or actual levels, of ovarian steroid hormones. The general aim of this thesis was to evaluate menstrual cycle effects on reactivity in emotion generating and controlling areas in the corticolimbic system to emotional stimulation and anticipation, in healthy controls and women with PMDD. A second aim was to evaluate corticolimbic reactivity during long-term administration of exogenous ovarian steroids. In study I, III and IV effects of the menstrual cycle on emotional reactivity in women with PMDD was studied. In study I, women with PMDD in displayed higher amygdala reactivity than healthy controls to emotional faces, not in the luteal phase as was hypothesised, but in the follicular phase. No difference between menstrual cycle phases was obtained in women with PMDD, while healthy controls had an increased reactivity in the luteal phase. The results of study I was further elaborated in study III, where women with PMDD were observed to have an increased anticipatory reactivity to negative emotional stimuli. However, no differences in amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli were obtained across the menstrual cycle. Finally, in study IV the hypothesis that amygdala reactivity increase in the luteal phase in women with PMDD is linked to social stimuli rather than generally arousing stimuli was suggested, tested and supported. In study II, re-exposure to COC induced mood symptoms de novo in women with a previous history of COC-induced adverse mood. Women treated with COC reported increased levels of mood symptoms both as compared to before treatment, and as compared to the placebo group. There was a relatively strong correlation between depressive scores before and during treatment. The effects of repeated COC administration on subjective measures and brain function were however dissociated with increased aversive experiences accompanied by reduced reactivity in the insular cortex.
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Chater, Nick. "Information and information processing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23789.
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Ferrigno, Andrea Ann. "Processing information." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2491.
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Dunn, B. "Emotional suppression when processing trauma : consequences for mood and memory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446742/.
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The thought suppression literature (Wegner et al. 1987; Wegner and Erber, 1992) illustrates that there are secondary costs of suppressing the cognitive content of conscious experience. A 'thought rebound' effect has been demonstrated in both healthy populations and psychopathology (Purdon, 1999), whereby the harder a thought is pushed out of mind the more likely it is to subsequently return. It is increasingly realised that people try to control affect as well as cognitions (Gross, 1998; 2001), but as yet the secondary consequences of different forms of emotion regulation have not been studied in detail. In particular, whether an 'emotional rebound' effect occurs following suppression of emotions rather than thoughts during processing of distressing material has not been investigated. 'Emotional rebound' could potentially help explain some of the secondary symptoms seen in PTSD and related conditions. This thesis examines the concurrent and subsequent impact of attempting to suppress (both internally experienced and externally expressed) emotion while processing traumatic information, and is intended as a preliminary investigation of whether emotion suppression contributes to PTSD. Healthy participants were asked to watch a video trauma induction, either under emotional suppression (n = 21) or control (n = 23) conditions. The consequences of emotional suppression on mood, emotional response to novel material, episodic memory, and occurrence of intrusive memories were then measured, using both self-report and psychophysiological methods. Results found that emotional suppression did not alter self-reported emotional experience, lead to a more variable heart response, and did not change electrodermal response while watching the trauma induction. This suggests that emotional suppression is a largely ineffective way of regulating emotional experience and that it alters psychophysiological activity, although exactly what the change in heart rate means at a psychological level is unclear. Subsequently, emotional suppression impaired free recall but not recognition memory of the trauma material, suggesting there is a slight mnemonic impact of this form of affect regulation. There was also a trend for suppression to lead to a reduction in the experience of intrusive memories about the trauma content, although this did not reach statistical significance. There was no change in self-reported experience of emotion following suppression, either in terms of background mood or when processing novel emotional material. There was, however, an increased heart rate deceleration when viewing subsequent emotional material and a slight increase in depression scores at one week follow-up, perhaps indicative of ongoing emotional costs of suppression. These findings, replicating and extending work from the normative emotion regulation literature (Gross, 1998; 2001), suggest that emotional suppression is not an effective form of emotion regulation at the time of encoding and that it leads to some subsequent emotional and mnemonic changes. A provisional clinical implication is that clients should perhaps be discouraged from using emotional suppression as form of mood control. In terms of understanding PTSD, it seems plausible to tentatively suggest that emotional suppression could contribute to the hyper-arousal and impaired recall of trauma seen in PTSD. It is important, however, to replicate and extend these findings to clinical populations to support these conclusions. While emotional suppression has been found not to lead to a 'rebound' effect directly analogous to that seen following thought suppression, it does appear to have some unexpected secondary costs that could perhaps contribute to symptoms of PTSD.
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Suzuki, Akiko. "Emotional processing in mood disorder : clarifying the role of childhood trauma." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/emotional-processing-in-mood-disorder-clarifying-the-role-of-childhood-trauma(2a053bd9-a76a-4399-a128-41e2ee94f1a9).html.
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Epidemiological studies suggest a high prevalence of depression in those who have experienced trauma and abuse in childhood. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the functional mechanisms of altered emotional processing that play a mediatory role in this causal relationship between childhood trauma and depression. From the perspectives of different scientific disciplines - psychophysiology, neuroendocrinology and behavioural psychology- emotional resilience and vulnerability to depression were investigated in order to consider different developmental pathways to psychopathology. A total of 83 participants (29 male: 54 female) were recruited for this project. Emotional processing styles were concurrently examined using three different experimental measures, namely startle responses to emotional images (Experiment 1), cortisol responses to emotional images (Experiment 2), and facial emotion recognition (Experiment 3). These measures were undertaken in a cross-sectional study comprising four groups: healthy individuals with (N = 17) and without a history of childhood trauma (N = 24) and depressed patients with (N = 23) and without a history of childhood trauma (N = 19). All the experiments were conducted at the same day and with the same order (Experiment 3 follows Experiment 1) for each participant. During those experimental sessions saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol levels for Experiment 2. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine possible roles of emotional processing styles examined in these experimental measures mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and depression. Experiment 1) demonstrated strong normal affective startle modulation in healthy abused individuals contrasting with its absence in depressed individuals. Experiment 2) demonstrated lower cortisol reactivity to emotional images in those with a history of abuse but no differences between healthy and depressed abused individuals. Experiment 3) demonstrated more errors in recognising negative facial emotions but fewer errors on positive facial emotions within healthy abused individuals relative to healthy non-abused individuals. An opposite pattern of more errors in recognising positive facial emotions but few errors on negative facial emotions was found within depressed abused individuals relative to depressed non-abused individuals. The results from the mediation analyses found that suppressed startle amplitudes mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression and were a marker of vulnerability to depression, whereas the absence of this marker was associated with resilience to depression. However, the same analyses on cortisol reactivity and facial emotion recognition did not demonstrate significant mediation in the relationship between childhood trauma and depression. The results of the study suggest that the retention of a normal affective startle modulation and the development of a positive bias in the recognition of facial emotions are implicated as functional mechanisms that render abused individuals resistant to depression. Reduced cortisol stress reactivity, that may reflect adrenocortical abnormality, was found in abused individuals. The identification of these cognitive resilience factors that may be able to compensate for long-lasting effects of childhood trauma has important implications for the future design of the psychological treatments targeted specifically at the patient population with a history of childhood trauma.
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Graf, Erik. "Human information processing based information retrieval." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5188/.
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This work focused on the investigation of the question how the concept of relevance in Information Retrieval can be validated. The work is motivated by the consistent difficulties of defining the meaning of the concept, and by advances in the field of cognitive science. Analytical and empirical investigations are carried out with the aim of devising a principled approach to the validation of the concept. The foundation for this work was set by interpreting relevance as a phenomenon occurring within the context of two systems: An IR system and the cognitive processing system of the user. In light of the cognitive interpretation of relevance, an analysis of the learnt lessons in cognitive science with regard to the validation of cognitive phenomena was conducted. It identified that construct validity constitutes the dominant approach to the validation of constructs in cognitive science. Construct validity constitutes a proposal for the conduction of validation in scenarios, where no direct observation of a phenomenon is possible. With regard to the limitations on direct observation of a construct (i.e. a postulated theoretic concept), it bases validation on the evaluation of its relations to other constructs. Based on the interpretation of relevance as a product of cognitive processing it was concluded, that the limitations with regard to direct observation apply to its investigation. The evaluation of its applicability to an IR context, focused on the exploration of the nomological network methodology. A nomological network constitutes an analytically constructed set of constructs and their relations. The construction of such a network forms the basis for establishing construct validity through investigation of the relations between constructs. An analysis focused on contemporary insights to the nomological network methodology identified two important aspects with regard to its application in IR. The first aspect is given by a choice of context and the identification of a pool of candidate constructs for the inclusion in the network. The second consists of identifying criteria for the selection of a set of constructs from the candidate pool. The identification of the pertinent constructs for the network was based on a review of the principles of cognitive exploration, and an analysis of the state of the art in text based discourse processing and reasoning. On that basis, a listing of known sub-processes contributing to the pertinent cognitive processing was presented. Based on the identification of a large number of potential candidates, the next step consisted of the inference of criteria for the selection of an initial set of constructs for the network. The investigation of these criteria focused on the consideration of pragmatic and meta-theoretical aspects. Based on a survey of experimental means in cognitive science and IR, five pragmatic criteria for the selection of constructs were presented. Consideration of meta-theoretically motivated criteria required to investigate what the specific challenges with regard to the validation of highly abstract constructs are. This question was explored based on the underlying considerations of the Information Processing paradigm and Newell’s (1994) cognitive bands. This led to the identification of a set of three meta-theoretical criteria for the selection of constructs. Based on the criteria and the demarcated candidate pool, an IR focused nomological network was defined. The network consists of the constructs of relevance and type and grade of word relatedness. A necessary prerequisite for making inferences based on a nomological network consists of the availability of validated measurement instruments for the constructs. To that cause, two validation studies targeting the measurement of the type and grade of relations between words were conducted. The clarification of the question of the validity of the measurement instruments enabled the application of the nomological network. A first step of the application consisted of testing if the constructs in the network are related to each other. Based on the alignment of measurements of relevance and the word related constructs it was concluded to be true. The relation between the constructs was characterized by varying the word related constructs over a large parameter space and observing the effect of this variation on relevance. Three hypotheses relating to different aspects of the relations between the word related constructs and relevance. It was concluded, that the conclusive confirmation of the hypotheses requires an extension of the experimental means underlying the study. Based on converging observations from the empirical investigation of the three hypotheses it was concluded, that semantic and associative relations distinctly differ with regard to their impact on relevance estimation.
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Muller, Lynn F. "Alternative Information Processing Formats for Overcoming Information Processing Deficits in Senior Adults." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2672/.
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The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of alternative advertising presentation formats, and the quantity of information presented in advertisements in overcoming possible information-processing deficits in senior adults that could affect their recall of ad attributes and brand name, the cognitive responses generated, and attitude toward the ad. In addition, the study examined the effectiveness of retirement status as a classification or segmentation variable in comparison with the use of the more traditional classification variable, chronological age. A convenience sample of senior adult volunteers from church groups, social clubs, and civic organizations from the local area were randomly assigned to one of nine experimental conditions. The experiment utilized a simulated magazine to test the effects of presentation formats (3 levels), and quantity of information (3 levels) on senior adult's recall, cognitive responses and attitude toward the test ads. Covariates (gender, wealth, education, activity level, health, and income) were used to reduce variance. The findings clearly indicate that the presentation format of the can ad adversely affected the memory of some senior adults. In addition, the results were significantly different across the different age levels. Retirement status was less beneficial than chronological age in the current study, but did reveal a marginally significant difference between seniors due to the number of attributes contained in the test ads. The implication of findings for advertisers and those who design marketing communications for seniors are numerous, and relate to the marketer's communication goals. Senior adults may prefer print media, but the inappropriate use of presentation format and the number of product attributes in the ads could have an adverse and significant impact when communicating with senior adults. Recognition of the information-processing differences of senior adults would result in more effective marketing communications for this rapidly growing and important segment of our society.
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Caine, Amelia Rose. "The influence of mood on responses to health-consequence information /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3138827.
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Frost, Robert E. III. "Uncertainty and Information Processing." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1120.
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The purpose of these two studies was to examine two factors that may influence the effects of uncertainty on information processing. The first factor is the positioning of uncertainty relative to a target of judgment, and how this affects people’s judgment processing. The second factor had to do with the degree to which uncertainty signals active goal conflict or not. In the first study, 145 participants with a mean age of 19.51 were induced with uncertainty either before or after information about the target accused of illegal behavior. The results demonstrated that uncertainty before information produced higher guilt judgments of the target and uncertainty after information produced lower guilt judgments towards the target, but only in a subset of conditions. The second study, with 121 participants and a mean age was 19.58, primed participants with one of two different goals. It then induced uncertainty threat which either was or was not relevant to the primed goal, and asked participants to make judgments based on information given about the target as in Study 1. The results revealed that for women, but not for men, uncertainty threat produced stronger guilt judgments when the uncertainty was relevant to the primed goal. Together, these results indicate that both the positioning and goal relevance of uncertainty may impact its effect on information processing.
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Hutton, Alexander. "Networked quantum information processing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403741.
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De, Vere Pauline Mary. "Information processing and number." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3492.
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A previous study suggested that children use their own informal problem solving methods; based on counting procedures or mental calculation. Children’s counting skills and aspects of memory in relation to their ability to complete addition and subtraction problems were examined across a wide age range. The results showed that subjects with good mathematical ability had well developed schema about number and applied this in abstract processing of information when solving problems. Subjects with poor mathematical ability had little understanding of number, only procedural knowledge and used concrete counting procedures in problem solving to find an answer. Children’s information processing skills are discussed in terms of memory, schema theory and the role of self concept in controlling mental processes. A remedial teaching programme based on developing abstract information processing skills was trialled over a six week period with some success. The need for implementation of research findings into classroom programmes is advocated.
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Garcia-Marques, Teresa. "The mind needs the heart : the mood-as-regulation-mechanism hypothesis as an explanation for the impact of mood on processing." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1639.
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Tese de Doutoramento apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade de LisboaAs a rule, happy people do not engage in deep, systematic, and analytic processing of information. Converging evidence from different fields instead suggests that happy people process information in many different domains heuristically, paying less attention to particular details of the situation, and relying more on established knowledge. Social psychologists have offered several alternative explanations for this phenomenon. Unfortunately empirical evidence has been mixed and inconclusive with regard to which model best accounts for the effect. This dissertation offered a new explanation for the mood information processing effect, the mood-as-regulation-mechanism hypothesis, which states that: positive affect (e.g., positive mood). is an integral aspect of the implicit feeling of familiarity, which triggers non-analytic processing because it signals the appropriateness of using previously stored information to deal with the current situation. Evidence for assuming not only that such a feeling is the mechanism that regulates processing by also that mood effects are grounded in it, is provided from both the cognitive and social cognition literature. Those approaches in the literature that view information processing as dualistic suggest the need for a processing regulation mechanism. Some models suggest that this mechanism is a feeling (a feeling of familiarity). The idea that this feeling of familiarity has a positive tone, also grounded in the literature, suggests that the experience of positive affect is an integral part of familiarity. Results of four studies corroborated the mood-as-regulation-mechanism hypothesis. Manipulations of the implicit feeling of familiarity induced positive mood (Experiment 1) and manipulations of positive affect had an effect typically associated with familiarity (Experiment 2). In addition, two independent studies suggested that familiarity impacts processing in a way that fully parallels the impact of mood on processing (Experiments 3 and 4). Together, the results of the four studies offered consistent support for the mood-as-regulation-mechanism hypothesis. ------ RESUMO ------ Regra geral, as pessoas quando bem-humoradas, não processam a informação de uma forma profunda, sistemática e analítica. Dados convergentes de diversos campos da Psicologia, sugerem que as pessoas quando bem-humoradas processam a informação de forma heurística, prestando menos atenção a detalhes particulares da situação e baseando-se mais em conhecimento previamente adquirido. Os psicólogos sociais têm vindo a desenvolver diversas explicações alternativas para este fenómeno. A evidência empírica tem, porém, sido contraditória e inconclusiva na identificação do modelo explicativo mais adequado. Nesta dissertação é apresentada uma nova explicação para o efeito do humor (estado de espírito) no processamento da informação; a hipótese do humor-como-mecanismo-regulador. Esta hipótese parte da ideia de que um sentimento positivo (por ex., o bom humor) faz parte integrante do sentimento implícito de familiaridade. Ora, é este último sentimento que faz desencadear um modo não-analítico de processamento, ao indicar que a informação previamente adquirida é suficiente para lidar com a situação. Evidência, para a noção de que um tal sentimento é o mecanismo que regula o processamento e para a hipótese de que os efeitos do humor lhe estão associados, pode ser encontrada na literatura quer da Psicologia Cognitiva, quer da Cognição Social. Tais abordagens, ao conceberem o processamento de informação como dualista sugerem a necessidade de um mecanismo de regulação do processamento. Alguns modelos sugerem que este mecanismo é um sentimento (um sentimento de familiaridade). A ideia de que o sentimento de familiaridade tem uma tonalidade positiva, igualmente referida na literatura, sugere que um sentimento positivo é parte integrante do sentimento de familiaridade. Os resultados de quatro estudos corroboram a hipótese do humor-como-mecanismo-regulador-do-processamento de informação. Manipulações do sentimento implícito de familiaridade induziram bom humor (Experimento I) e manipulações de bom humor tiveram efeitos tipicamente associados com familiaridade (Experimento II). Dois outros estudos sugerem que os efeitos da familiaridade no processamento são idênticos aos efeitos do humor no processamento (Experimentos III e IV). No seu conjunto, os resultados destes quatro estudos corroboram a hipótese do humor-como-regulador-do-processamento-de-informação.
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Coulson, Louisa Katie. "The influence of emotional stimuli on cognitive processing during transient induced mood states." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8fc9fab-e9e0-4b3f-b78e-c76e25224972.
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Selective attention is a mechanism used to allocate resources to information processing. Both mood states and emotionally salient stimuli can influence which information is selectively attended. This information is subsequently processed in a more elaborative manner and affects task performance. The experiments presented in this thesis explore the influence of mood and emotional stimuli on selective attention and consequently task performance. Mood induction procedures were used to induce transient neutral, sad, and happy mood states in healthy volunteers. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 studies using sad mood induction procedures showed cognitive impairments in performance in the context of task neutral stimuli. In contrast biases in attention towards mood-congruent negative stimuli led to improved task performance. A series of three behavioural experiments with 197 participants demonstrated that participants made decisions on the basis of less information when that information was preceded by emotional but not neutral stimuli. Induced mood state did not affect performance. The behavioural and neural correlates of visual attentional processing to emotional stimuli were explored using magnetoencephalography in 24 healthy participants following sad, happy, and neutral mood induction procedures. The M300, a component associated with selective attention, had greater amplitude following presentation of negative compared with positive stimuli, which was associated with improved task performance. Reduced M300 amplitude and impairments in performance occurred following sad mood induction procedures. The experiments presented in this thesis demonstrate prioritized processing of emotional information and provide some evidence for impaired performance following sad mood induction procedures.
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Rick, John Thomas. "Frequency, plasticity and information processing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59069.pdf.
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Brand, Arie Nicolaas. "Memory, information processing and depression." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1987. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5363.
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White, Leonard Jack. "Coding and processing numerical information /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw5855.pdf.
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Stanners, Sharon Lisa. "Nonconscious processing of numerical information /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1990. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9022959.
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Potter, Duncan J. "Phase-only optical information processing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/845.
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Historically, much scientific work has been performed with two optical systems - the telescope and the microscope. Although Galileo was probably not the first to invent the refracting telescope, his rapid development of the instrument from 1609 results in his association as the father of the telescope today. Certainly he was the first human to view the giant moons of the planet Jupiter - Io, Ganymede, Callisto and Europa - and thus dare to venture our world was not the centre of the universe, and save our race from another thousand years of mysticism. A year later, in 1610, Galileo invented the microscope and this led to the new field of science called 'microscopy' to open up the previously unsuspected world of the ultra small. Tiny life forms no larger than a pinhead were revealed, and with instrumental improvements by later scientists the existance of bacteria proven. This discovery prompted the sterilisation of surgical equipment taken for granted today, saving countless millions of lives since then through freedom from bacterial infection. It is beyond doubt that the new world opened by the invention of the microscope inspired the scientists of that time to seek yet greater magnification and sharper images, to delve deeper into this tiny world. Yet technical improvement in the design of the microscope wase hampered by the lack of a proper theory of image formation. Not until the late nineteenth century, when ABBE and RAYLEIGH provided the foundations of the present day diffraction theory of imaging was the microcope properly understood. The work of this thesis has its roots in the developments of the early twentieth century microscopists. For many years they had observed tiny, transparent organisms and sought ways to improve the visibility of these creatures so that their nature might better be understood. The problem was solved by F.Zernike in 1935 (1, 425 for ref.) when he considered the way the organisms altered the phase of the illuminating light field. By the correct positioning of a thin phase-plate in the back focal plane of the microscope lens, Zernike demonstrated that optical thickness variations of the organism may be rendered visible as intensity variations. In this thesis , the light distribution in the back focal plane of such a lens that results from a transparent object is analysed in detail. From the expression derived by Zernike to explain the operating principle of his invention, we evaluate alternative formulations of the problem and proceed to a full analytical expression for the light field . Though mathematically awkward, it is shown the expression is not unworkable and several useful results are derived. In place of a microscope the study is based on imaging in a modern image processing bench, the physical principles involved being identical. Zernike introduced the idea of image modification through the use of a basic form of phase filter. The second half of this thesis develops this idea to show the use of much more intricate phase filters, which may be used to 'recognise' particular objects. Filter design is followed by experimental results on a special type of phase object, the programmeable Spatial Light Modulator.
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Town, Christopher Phillip. "Ontology based visual information processing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614908.
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Nevo, Yuval. "Information selection in intelligence processing." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10660.
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In many intelligence agencies, the processing of data into usable information ready for analysis poses a significant bottleneck. Typically, much more data is available than what can be processed in the limited time available for processing. We formulate the problem faced by an intelligence collection unit, when processing incoming raw information for delivery to intelligence analysts, as an exploration-exploitation problem: the processor has to choose between exploring for new sources of relevant information and exploiting known sources. To address the exploration-exploitation problem, we develop a mathematical model of the processor's knowledge and examine algorithms that allow the processor to maximize the discovery of relevant data given a time limit. We derive insights on the performance of different algorithms using a simulated case study.
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Magee, Rhona. "Anxiety : an information processing perspective." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260674.
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Uschner, Friedemann. "Information processing in cellular signaling." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17660.
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Information spielt in der Natur eine zentrale Rolle. Als intrinsischer Teil des genetischen Codes ist sie das Grundgerüst jeder Struktur und ihrer Entwicklung. Im Speziellen dient sie auch Organismen, ihre Umgebung wahrzunehmen und sich daran anzupassen. Die Grundvoraussetzung dafür ist, dass sie Information ihrer Umgebung sowohl messen als auch interpretieren können, wozu Zellen komplexe Signaltransduktionswege entwickelt haben. In dieser Arbeit konzentrieren wir uns auf Signalprozesse in S.cerevisiae die von osmotischem Stress (High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) Signalweg) und der Stimulation mit α-Faktor (Pheromon Signalweg) angesprochen werden. Wir wenden stochastische Modelle an, die das intrinsische Rauschen biologischer Prozesse darstellen können, um verstehen zu können wie Signalwege die ihnen zur Verfügung stehende Information umsetzen. Informationsübertragung wird dabei mit einem Ansatz aus Shannons Informationstheorie gemessen, indem wir sie als einen Kanal in diesem Sinne auffassen. Wir verwenden das Maß der Kanalkapazität, um die Genauigkeit des Phosphorelays einschränken zu können. In diesem Modell, simuliert mit dem Gillespie Algorithmus, können wir durch die Analyse des Signalverhaltens den Parameterraum zusätzlich stark einschränken. Eine weitere Herangehensweise der Signalverarbeitung beschäftigt sich mit dem “Crosstalk” zwischen HOG und Pheromon Signalweg. Wir zeigen, dass die Kontrolle der Signalspezifizität vor allem bei Scaffold-Proteinen liegt, die Komponenten der Signalkaskade binden. Diese konservierten Motive zellulärer Signaltransduktion besitzen eine geeignete Struktur, um Information getreu übertragen zu können. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit untersuchen wir potentielle Gründe für die evolutionäre Selektion von Scaffolds. Wir zeigen, dass ihnen bereits durch die Struktur des Mechanismus möglich ist, Informationsgenauigkeit zu verbessern und einer verteilten Informationsweiterleitung sowohl dadurch als auch durch ihre Robustheit überlegen sind.Information plays a ubiquitous role in nature. It provides the basis for structure and development, as it is inherent part of the genetic code. It also enables organisms to make sense of their environments and react accordingly. For this, a cellular interpretation of information is needed. Cells have developed sophisticated signaling mechanisms to fulfill this task and integrate many different external cues with their help. Here we focus on signaling that senses osmotic stress (High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) pathway) as well as α-factor stimulation (pheromone pathway) in S.cerevisiae. We employ stochastic modeling to simulates the inherent noisy nature of biological processes to assess how systems process the information they receive. This information transmission is evaluated with an information theoretic approach by interpreting signal transduction as a transmission channel in the sense of Shannon. We use channel capacity to both constrain as well as quantify the fidelity in the phosphorelay system of the HOG pathway. In this model, simulated with the Gillespie Algorithm, the analysis of signaling behavior allows us to constrain the possible parameter sets for the system severely. A further approach to signal processing is concerned with the mechanisms that conduct crosstalk between the HOG and the pheromone pathway. We find that the control for signal specificity lies especially with the scaffold proteins that tether signaling components and facilitate signaling by trans-location to the membrane and shielding against miss-activation. As conserved motifs of cellular signal transmission, these scaffold proteins show a particularly well suited structure for accurate information transmission. In the last part of this thesis, we examine the potential reasons for an evolutionary selection of the scaffolding structure. We show that due to its structure, scaffolds are increasing information transmission fidelity and outperform a distributed signal in this regard.
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Hale, Gregory (Gregory John). "Timing and hippocampal information processing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100872.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-100).
Timing is a key component in hippocampal encoding of space. I will discuss three lines of work related to this theme. First, I will describe the fine-timescale characteristics of single neurons in hippocampal subregion CAl, where theta oscillations organize groups of neurons into orderly sequences. While theta was once thought to be synchronized throughout CAl, it was recently shown instead to be offset in time along the long axis of the hippocampus. Considering distant pairs of neurons, our fundamental sequence spiking property may instead be systematically staggered by these offsets in the rhythms that pace them. I tested the impact of theta wave time offsets by recording place cell spike sequences from groups of neurons in distant parts of CAl, and found that place cell sequences more closely coordinate with each other than the underlying theta oscillations do. In regions that differ from one another by 13 milliseconds of theta delay, place cell sequences are typically aligned to within 5 milliseconds. This raises the possibility that theta wave offsets serve another purpose, perhaps timing the communication with brain areas connected to different parts of CAl, while compensatory mechanisms are in place to preserve the fine temporal alignment of place cell spatial information. Second, I will describe a tool for closed-loop experiments using information decoded from hippocampal ensembles. Place cell activity is typically extracted and analyzed only after an experiment has ended. But interrogating the timing of hippocampal information, enhancing or interfering with it, requires decoding that information immediately. I will discuss some of the difficulties and the eventual implementation of a system capable of sequence time-scale position decoding and then survey the future experimental applications.
by Gregory Hale.
Ph. D.
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Reina, Estupin̄án John-Henry. "Quantum information processing in nanostructures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6375c7c4-ecf6-4e88-a0f5-ff7493393d37.
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Since information has been regarded as a physical entity, the field of quantum information theory has blossomed. This brings novel applications, such as quantum computation. This field has attracted the attention of numerous researchers with backgrounds ranging from computer science, mathematics and engineering, to the physical sciences. Thus, we now have an interdisciplinary field where great efforts are being made in order to build devices that should allow for the processing of information at a quantum level, and also in the understanding of the complex structure of some physical processes at a more basic level. This thesis is devoted to the theoretical study of structures at the nanometer-scale, "nanostructures," through physical processes that mainly involve the solid-state and quantum optics, in order to propose reliable schemes for the processing of quantum information. Initially, the main results of quantum information theory and quantum computation are briefly reviewed. Next, the state-of-the-art of quantum dots technology is described. In so doing, the theoretical background and the practicalities required for this thesis are introduced. A discussion of the current quantum hardware used for quantum information processing is given. In particular, the solid-state proposals to date are emphasised. A detailed prescription is given, using an optically-driven coupled quantum dot system, to reliably prepare and manipulate exciton maximally entangled Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Manipulation of the strength and duration of selective light-pulses needed for producing these highly entangled states provides us with crucial elements for the processing of solid-state based quantum information. The all-optical generation of states of the so-called Bell basis for a system of two quantum dots (QDs) is exploited for performing the quantum teleportation of the excitonic state of a dot in an array of three coupled QDs. Theoretical predictions suggest that several hundred single quantum bit rotations and controlled-NOT gates could be performed before decoherence of the excitonic states takes place. In addition, the exciton coherent dynamics of a coupled QD system confined within a semiconductor single mode microcavity is reported. It is shown that this system enables the control of exciton entanglement by varying the coupling strength between the optically-driven dot system and the microcavity. The exciton entanglement shows collapses and revivals for suitable amplitudes of the incident radiation field and dot-cavity coupling strengths. The results given here could offer a new approach for the control of decoherence mechanisms arising from entangled "artificial molecules." In addition to these ultrafast coherent optical control proposals, an approach for reliable implementation of quantum logic gates and long decoherence times in a QD system based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is given, where the nuclear resonance is controlled by the ground state "magic number" transitions of few-electron QDs in an external magnetic field. The dynamical evolution of quantum registers of arbitrary length in the presence of environmentally-induced decoherence effects is studied in detail. The cases of quantum bits (qubits) coupling individually to different environments ("independent decoherence"), and qubits interacting collectively with the same reservoir ("collective decoherence") are analysed in order to find explicit decoherence functions for any number of qubits. The decay of the coherences of the register is shown to strongly depend on the input states: this sensitivity is a characteristic of both types of coupling (collective and independent) and not only of the collective coupling, as has been reported previously. A non-trivial behaviour - "recoherence" - is found in the decay of the off-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix in the specific situation of independent decoherence. The results lead to the identification of decoherence-free states in the collective decoherence limit. These states belong to subspaces of the system's Hilbert space that do not become entangled with the environment, making them ideal elements for the engineering of "noiseless" quantum codes. The relations between decoherence of the quantum register and computational complexity based on the new dynamical results obtained for the register density matrix are also discussed. This thesis concludes by summarising and pointing out future directions, and in particular, by discussing some biological resonant energy transfer processes that may be useful for the processing of information at a quantum level.
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Mezher, Rawad. "Randomness for quantum information processing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS244.pdf.
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Cette thèse est basée sur la génération et la compréhension de types particuliers des ensembles unitaires aleatoires. Ces ensembles est utile pour de nombreuses applications de physique et de l’Information Quantique, comme le benchmarking aléatoire, la physique des trous noirs, ainsi qu’à la démonstration de ce que l’on appelle un "quantum speedup" etc. D'une part, nous explorons comment générer une forme particulière d'évolution aléatoire appelée epsilon-approximateunitary t-designs . D'autre part, nous montrons comment cela peut également donner des exemples de quantum speedup, où les ordinateurs classiques ne peuvent pas simuler en temps polynomiale le caractère aléatoire. Nous montrons également que cela est toujours possible dans des environnements bruyants et réalistesThis thesis is focused on the generation and understanding of particular kinds of quantum randomness. Randomness is useful for many tasks in physics and information processing, from randomized benchmarking , to black hole physics , as well demonstrating a so-called quantum speedup , and many other applications. On the one hand we explore how to generate a particular form of random evolution known as a t-design. On the other we show how this can also give instances for quantum speedup - where classical computers cannot simulate the randomness efficiently. We also show that this is still possible in noisy realistic settings. More specifically, this thesis is centered around three main topics. The first of these being the generation of epsilon-approximate unitary t-designs. In this direction, we first show that non-adaptive, fixed measurements on a graph state composed of poly(n,t,log(1/epsilon)) qubits, and with a regular structure (that of a brickwork state) effectively give rise to a random unitary ensemble which is a epsilon-approximate t-design. This work is presented in Chapter 3. Before this work, it was known that non-adaptive fixed XY measurements on a graph state give rise to unitary t-designs , however the graph states used there were of complicated structure and were therefore not natural candidates for measurement based quantum computing (MBQC), and the circuits to make them were complicated. The novelty in our work is showing that t-designs can be generated by fixed, non-adaptive measurements on graph states whose underlying graphs are regular 2D lattices. These graph states are universal resources for MBQC. Therefore, our result allows the natural integration of unitary t-designs, which provide a notion of quantum pseudorandomness which is very useful in quantum algorithms, into quantum algorithms running in MBQC. Moreover, in the circuit picture this construction for t-designs may be viewed as a constant depth quantum circuit, albeit with a polynomial number of ancillas. We then provide new constructions of epsilon-approximate unitary t-designs both in the circuit model and in MBQC which are based on a relaxation of technical requirements in previous constructions. These constructions are found in Chapters 4 and 5
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Pierce, Meghan Elizabeth. "Individual and Holistic Information Processing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33192.
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Significant research in cultural psychology has underlined differences in Eastern and Western cultures. While differences in many cognitive domains have been examined, there is a gap in cross cultural research on information processing and integration. This research explores the effect of independent or interdependent thinking on how a subject processes information. It is hypothesized that subjects with an interdependent mindset will process information holistically and subjects in an independent context will process information individually, or with an attribute based approach.A preliminary study tested the averaging and additive effects of information processing and served as the foundation for two subsequent explorations. The first examined cultural differences in information processing through presenting subjects of different cultural backgrounds with presenter and evaluator situations.
In the second study, individualistic and collectivist priming methodology was used to prompt subjects' ability to process information individually or holistically. Established measures of religiosity and connectedness were examined as possible moderators of the relationship between self-construal and information integration. Results show that differences between subjects primed in the interdependent condition were moderated by religiosity. Possible explanations for this effect are discussed.
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Berent, Matthew Kurt. "Attitude importance and information processing /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148786179681774.
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Bellew, Margaret. "Information processing biases and depression." Thesis, Keele University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292746.
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Saleem, Aman. "Information processing in visual systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5531.
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One of the goals of neuroscience is to understand how animals perceive sensory information. This thesis focuses on visual systems, to unravel how neuronal structures process aspects of the visual environment. To characterise the receptive field of a neuron, we developed spike-triggered independent component analysis. Alongside characterising the receptive field of a neuron, this method provides an insight into its underlying network structure. When applied to recordings from the H1 neuron of blowflies, it accurately recovered the sub-structure of the neuron. This sub-structure was studied further by recording H1's response to plaid stimuli. Based on the response, H1 can be classified as a component cell. We then fitted an anatomically inspired model to the response, and found the critical component to explain H1's response to be a sigmoid non-linearity at output of elementary movement detectors. The simpler blowfly visual system can help us understand elementary sensory information processing mechanisms. How does the more complex mammalian cortex implement these principles in its network? To study this, we used multi-electrode arrays to characterise the receptive field properties of neurons in the visual cortex of anaesthetised mice. Based on these recordings, we estimated the cortical limits on the performance of a visual task; the behavioural performance observed by Prusky and Douglas (2004) is within these limits. Our recordings were carried out in anaesthetised animals. During anaesthesia, cortical UP states are considered "fragments of wakefulness" and from simultaneous whole-cell and extracellular recordings, we found these states to be revealed in the phase of local field potentials. This finding was used to develop a method of detecting cortical state based on extracellular recordings, which allows us to explore information processing during different cortical states. Across this thesis, we have developed, tested and applied methods that help improve our understanding of information processing in visual systems.
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Le, Jeannic Hanna. "Optical Hybrid Quantum Information processing." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066596/document.
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Approche hybride du traitement quantique de l'information La dualité onde-particule a conduit à deux façons d'encoder l'information quantique, les approches continues et discrètes. L'approche hybride a récemment émergé, et consiste à utiliser les concepts et boites à outils des deux approches, afin de venir à bout des limitations intrinsèques à chaque champ. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous allons dans une première partie utiliser des protocoles hybrides de façon à générer des états quantiques non-gaussiens de la lumière. A l'aide d'oscillateurs paramétriques optiques, et de détecteur de photons supraconducteurs, nous pouvons générer des photons uniques extrêmement purs très efficacement, ainsi que des états chats de Schrödinger, qui permettent d'encoder l'information en variables continues. Nous montrons également en quoi des opérations de variables continues peuvent aider cette génération. La méthode utilisée, basée sur la génération " d'états-noyaux " rend en outre ces états plus robustes à la décohérence. Dans une seconde partie, dans le contexte d'un réseau hétérogène, basé sur différents encodages, relier de façon quantique les deux mondes, nécessite l'existence d'intrication hybride de la lumière. Nous introduisons la notion d'intrication hybride, entre des états continus et discrets, et nous en montrons une première application qui est la génération à distance de bit quantique continu. Nous implémentons ainsi également une plateforme polyvalente permettant la génération d'états " micro-macro " intriquésIn quantum information science and technology, two traditionally-separated ways of encoding information coexist -the continuous and the discrete approaches, resulting from the wave-particle duality of light. The first one is based on quadrature components, while the second one involves single photons. The recent optical hybrid approach aims at using both discrete and continuous concepts and toolboxes to overcome the intrinsic limitations of each field. In this PhD work, first, we use hybrid protocols in order to realize the quantum state engineering of various non-Gaussian states of light. Based on optical parametric oscillators and highly-efficient superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors, we demonstrate the realization of a high-brightness single-photon source and the quantum state engineering of large optical Schrödinger cat states, which can be used as a continuous-variable qubit. We show how continuous-variable operations such as squeezing can help in this generation. This method based on so-called core states also enables to generate cat states that are more robust to decoherence. Second, in the context of heterogeneous networks based on both encodings, bridging the two worlds by a quantum link requires hybrid entanglement of light. We introduce optical hybrid entanglement between qubits and qutrits of continuous and discrete types, and demonstrate as a first application the remote state preparation of continuous-variable qubits. Our experiment is also a versatile platform to study squeezing-induced micro-macro entanglement
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Ali-Bakhshian, Mohammad. "Digital processing of analog information adopting time-mode signal processing." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114237.
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As CMOS technologies advance to 22-nm dimensions and below, constructing analog circuits in such advanced processes suffers many limitations, such as reduced signal swings, sensitivity to thermal noise effects, loss of accurate switching functions, to name just a few. Time-Mode Signal Processing (TMSP) is a technique that is believed to be well suited for solving many of these challenges. It can be defined as the detection, storage, and manipulation of sampled analog information using time-mode variables. One of the important advantages of TMSP is the ability to realize analog functions using digital logic structures. This technique has a long history of application in electronics; however, due to lack of some fundamental functions, the use of TM variables has been mostly limited to intermediate stage processing and it has been always associated with voltage/current-to-time and time-to-voltage/current conversion. These conversions necessitate the inclusion of analog blocks that contradict the digital advantage of TMSP. In this thesis, an intensive research has been presented that provides an appropriate foundation for the development of TMSP as a general processing tool. By proposing the new concept of delay interruption, a completely new asynchronous approach for the manipulation of TM variables is suggested. As a direct result of this approach, practical techniques for storage, addition and subtraction of time-mode variables are presented. To Extend the digital implementation of TMSP to a wider range of applications, the comprehensive design of a unity gain dual-path time-to-time integrator (accumulator) is demonstrated. This integrator is then used to implement a digital second-order delta-sigma modulator. Finally, to demonstrate the advantage of TMSP, a very low power and compact tunable interface for capacitive sensors is presented that is composed of a number of delay blocks associated with typical logic gates. All the proposed theories are supported by experimental results and post-layout simulations.The emphasis on the digital construction of the proposed circuits has been the first priority of this thesis. Having the building blocks implemented with a digital structure, provides the feasibility of a simple, synthesizable, and reconfigurable design where affordable circuit calibrations can be adopted to remove the effects of process variations.Les technologies CMOS progressant vers les procédés 22 nm et au delà, la abrication des circuits analogiques dans ces technologies se heurte a de nombreuses limitations. Entre autres limitations on peut citer la réduction d'amplitude des signaux, la sensibilité aux effets du bruit thermique et la perte de fonctions précises de commutation. Le traitement de signal en mode temps (TMSP pour Time-Mode Signal Processing) est une technique que l'on croit être bien adapté pour résoudre un grand nombre de problèmes relatifs a ces limitations. TMSP peut être défini comme la détection, le stockage et la manipulation de l'information analogique échantillonnée en utilisant des quantités de temps comme variables. L'un des avantages importants de TMSP est la capacité à réaliser des fonctions analogiques en utilisant des structures logiques digitales. Cette technique a une longue histoire en terme d'application en électronique. Cependant, en raison du manque de certaines fonctions fondamentales, l'utilisation de variables en mode temps a été limitée à une utilisation comme étape intermédiaire dans le traitement d'un signal et toujours dans le contexte d'une conversion tension/courant-temps et temps-tension/courant. Ces conversions nécessitent l'inclusion de blocs analogiques qui vont a l'encontre de l'avantage numérique des TMSP. Cette thèse fournit un fondement approprié pour le développement de TMSP comme outil général de traitement de signal. En proposant le concept nouveau d'interruption de retard, une toute nouvelle approche asynchrone pour la manipulation de variables en mode temps est suggéré. Comme conséquence directe de cette approche, des techniques pratiques pour le stockage, l'addition et la soustraction de variables en mode temps sont présentées. Pour étendre l'implémentation digitale de TMSP à une large gamme d'applications, la conception d'un intégrateur (accumulateur) à double voie temps- à -temps est démontrée. cet intégrateur est ensuite utilisé pour implémenter un modulateur delta-sigma de second ordre.Enfin, pour démontrer l'avantage de TMSP, une Interface de très basse puissance, compacte et réglable pour capteurs capacitifs est présenté. Cette interface est composé d'un certain nombre de blocs de retard associés à des portes logiques typiques. Toutes les théories proposées sont soutenues par des résultats expérimentaux et des simulations post-layout. L'implémentation digitale des circuits proposés a été la première priorité de cette thèse. En effet, une implémentation des bloc avec des structures digitales permet des conceptions simples, synthétisable et reconfigurables où des circuits de calibration très abordables peuvent être adoptées pour éliminer les effets des variations de process.
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Lavis, Carrie Ann. "Self-monitoring and affect-as-information, individual differences moderate the effects of mood and attributions for mood on ratings of life satisfaction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq21135.pdf.
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Deng, Zhijie. "Novel optical devices for information processing." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5863.
Full textAbstract:
Optics has the inherent advantages of parallelism and wide bandwidths in processing
information. However, the need to interface with electronics creates a bottleneck
that eliminates many of these advantages. The proposed research explores novel
optical devices and techniques to overcome some of these bottlenecks. To address
parallelism issues we take a specific example of a content-addressable memory that can
recognize images. Image recognition is an important task that in principle can be done
rapidly using the natural parallelism of optics. However in practice, when presented
with incomplete or erroneous information, image recognition often fails to give the
correct answer. To address this problem we examine a scheme based on free-space
interconnects implemented with diffractive optics. For bandwidth issues, we study
possible ways to eliminate the electronic conversion bottleneck by exploring all-optical
buffer memories and all-optical processing elements. For buffer memories we examine
the specific example of slow light delay lines. Although this is currently a popular
research topic, there are fundamental issues of the delay-time-bandwidth product
that must be solved before slow light delay lines can find practical applications. For
all-optical processing we examine the feasibility of constructing circuit elements that
operate directly at optical frequencies to perform simple processing tasks. Here we
concentrate on the simplest element, a sub-wavelength optical wire, along with a
grating coupler to interface with conventional optical elements such as lenses and
fibers. Even such a simple element as a wire has numerous potential applications. In conclusion, information processing by all-optical devices are demonstrated with
an associative memory using diffractive optics, an all-optical delay line using room
temperature slow light in photorefractive crystals, and a subwavelength optical circuit
by surface plasmon effects.
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Wachman, Ronald Michael. "IPRAM : information processing requirements analysis methodology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29174.
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Gao, Yun. "Statistical models in neural information processing /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174606.
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O'Connell, Thomas. "Visual information processing : tennis volleying strategy /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq25691.pdf.
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Chen, Jian. "Mobility information and mobile transaction processing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32075.pdf.
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Lim, Yuan Liang. "Quantum information processing with single photons." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423321.
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