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Academic literature on the topic 'MoO3 STACED ELECTRON'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "MoO3 STACED ELECTRON"

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AL GARNI, S. E., A. F. QASRAWI, and S. R. ALHARBI. "STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE OF MoO3/Li/MoO3 FILMS DESIGNED AS MICROWAVE RESONATORS." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 15, no. 2 (April 2020): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2020.152.367.

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In this work, the effect of the insertion of lithium slabs of thicknesses of 50 nm between stacked layers of MoO3 is considered. Stacked layers of MoO3 comprising lithium slabs are prepared by the thermal evaporation technique onto Au substrates under vacuum pressure of 10-5 mbar. The effects of Li slabs are explored by the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, current-voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy techniques in the frequency domain of 0.01-1.80 GHz. While the presence of Li slabs did not alter the amorphous nature of structure, it forced the growth of rod-like grains of diameters of 100-160 nm and lengths of 1.5 𝜇𝑚. Electrically, the presence of Li in the samples enhanced the rectifying properties of the devices and force reverse to forward current ratios larger than 60 times. Li slabs also controlled the negative capacitance effect and resonance –antiresonance regions in the Au/MoO3/MoO3/C stacked layers. While the Au/MoO3/MoO3/C devices displayed high conductance and low impedance values in the studied frequency domain, the Au/MoO3/Li/MOO3/C devices exhibited low conductance and high impedance mode in the frequency domain of 0.01-0.59 GHz. It is also found that the presence of Li slabs improved the performance of the devices through driving it to exhibit lower reflection coefficient and high return loss values near 0.80 GHz. The features of the devices nominate them for use as RF-Microwave traps or resonators.
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Sun Fengsheng, 孙凤升, 郑泽波 Zheng Zebo, 黄悟朝 Huang Wuchao, 许宁生 Xu Ningsheng, 王锡描 Wang Ximiao, 王天武 Wang Tianwu, 陈焕君 Chen Huanjun, and 邓少芝 Deng Shaozhi. "α-MoO3/石墨烯异质叠层结构中的声子极化激元-等离极化激元杂化波导模式." Chinese Journal of Lasers 50, no. 1 (2023): 0113013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl221259.

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Bin Suhaimi, Firdaus, Suresh Palale, Lay Kuan Teh, Nripan Mathews, and Subodh Mhaisalkar. "Energy band and optical modeling of charge transport mechanism and photo-distribution of MoO3/Al-doped MoO3 in organic tandem cells." Functional Materials Letters 13, no. 02 (February 2020): 2051003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604720510030.

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The promising potential of achieving high efficiency organic tandem cells due to the widened absorption spectrum range has resulted in significant research in novel device concepts such as the modification of the recombination layer. In this study, a typically used charge transport interlayer in the recombination layer, MoO3, is modified by tuning the energy band and work function, with the help of an energy band model, to achieve energetic alignment without additional metallic layers. The energy level tuning is demonstrated by the co-evaporation of aluminum, which results in a doping effect. This shifts the work function of pristine MoO3 from 5.8[Formula: see text]eV to 4.3[Formula: see text]eV. The shift is proposed to be due to the formation of oxidized Al3+ and reduced MoO6+ that generates further mid-gap defect states and this shift increases with respect to Al concentration. The energy band shift changes the transport mechanism from hole-transporting to electron-transporting and the modification is modeled in this work. This suggests that recombination layer of MoO3/Al-MoO3 may have better energetic alignment and integrating this modified recombination layer results in improvement in the stacked device efficiency from 1.38% to 3.38% with enhancement in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and fill factor. This enhancement is contributed from better aligned energy level and higher transparency of the recombination layer. The effective transparent recombination allows greater photon distribution to the top cell and increasing maximum matched photocurrent to the limiting subcell, thus improving photocurrent by 25% and overall efficiency up to 4.6%.
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Ipinyomi, Foluke. "Is Côte d'Ivoire a Test Case for R2P? Democratization as Fulfilment of the International Community's Responsibility to Prevent." Journal of African Law 56, no. 2 (August 15, 2012): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855312000071.

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AbstractAfter the election deadlock in Côte d'Ivoire, the international community recognized Ouattara as the winner of the elections, while the incumbent president, Gbagbo, also claimed victory. When they were both sworn in, violence ensued. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon stated that the international community had a responsibility to protect citizens. Thereafter, the UN, African Union and ECOWAS attempted to quell the violence through mediation and the threat of force. Gbagbo was eventually ousted by Ouattara's forces. This article examines the international community's responsibility to prevent and its actions in that regard. If democratization is a means to prevent mass atrocities, what was the nature of the international community's responsibility to Ivoirians to prevent conflict? What should be the international community's reaction to internal agitations for democracy? Some answers to these questions lie in the framework for the international community's responsibility to prevent the four crimes related to R2P.
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Lee, Chun-Yu, Yi-Min Chen, Yao-Zong Deng, Ya-Pei Kuo, Peng-Yu Chen, Leo Tsai, and Ming-Yi Lin. "Yb:MoO3/Ag/MoO3 Multilayer Transparent Top Cathode for Top-Emitting Green Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040663.

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In this study, we report on the application of a dielectric/ultra-thin metal/dielectric (DMD) multilayer consisting of ytterbium (Yb)-doped molybdenum oxide (MoO3)/silver (Ag)/MoO3 stacked as the transparent cathode in top-emitting green quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLED). By optimizing the Yb doping ratio, we have highly improved the electron injection ability from 0.01 to 0.35. In addition, the dielectric/ultra-thin metal/dielectric (DMD) cathode also shows a low sheet resistance of only 12.2 Ω/sq, which is superior to the resistance of the commercially-available indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode (~15 Ω/sq). The DMD multilayer exhibits a maximum transmittance of 75% and an average transmittance of 70% over the visible range of 400–700 nm. The optimized DMD-based G-QLED has a smaller current leakage at low driving voltage. The optimized DMD-based G-QLED enhances the current density than that of G-QLED with indium zinc oxide (IZO) as a cathode. The fabricated DMD-based G-QLED shows a low turn-on voltage of 2.2 V, a high current efficiency of 38 cd/A, and external quantum efficiency of 9.8. These findings support the fabricated DMD multilayer as a promising cathode for transparent top-emitting diodes.
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Ligarski, Sebastian. "Sondażowy zawrót głowy AD 1989." Wolność i Solidarność 11-12 (2020): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25434942ws.20.014.15018.

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W powszechnej opinii sondaże wyborcze w czasie kampanii z kwietnia–czerwca 1989 roku były tylko domeną obozu władzy. Jak się okazuje, to jeden z kolejnych mitów tego okresu. Swoje sondaże przeprowadzały też Komitety Obywatelskie lub inne organizacje, które starały się odczytać nastroje społeczne tego czasu. W artykule zostają omówione te sondaże, ich wyniki oraz będące ich efektem decyzje podejmowane przez zleceniodawców. The popular opinion stated that the election polls during the April – June 1989 campaign were only the domain of the ruling camp. As it turns out, this is another myth of this period. Citizens’ Committees or other organizations which tried to read the social mood of that time also conducted their polls. The article discusses the polls, their results and the decisions made by those who commissioned them.
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Li, Hongjing, and Gaige Zheng. "Magnetical Manipulation of Hyperbolic Phonon Polaritons in Twisted Double-Layers of Molybdenum Trioxide." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (March 13, 2023): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030648.

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Controlling the twist angle between double stacked van der Waals (vdW) crystals holds great promise for nanoscale light compression and manipulation in the mid-infrared (MIR) range. A lithography-free geometry has been proposed to mediate the coupling of phonon polaritons (PhPs) in double-layers of vdW α-MoO3. The anisotropic hyperbolic phonon polaritons (AHPhPs) are further hybridized by the anisotropic substrate environment of magneto-optic indium arsenide (InAs). The AHPhPs can be tuned by twisting the angle between the optical axes of the two separated layers and realize a topological transition from open to closed dispersion contours. Moreover, in the presence of external magnetic field, an alteration of the hybridization of PhPs will be met, which enable an efficient way for the control of light-matter interaction at nanoscale in the MIR region.
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Lee, JeeEun, and Sun K. Yoo. "Recognition of Negative Emotion Using Long Short-Term Memory with Bio-Signal Feature Compression." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020573.

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Negative emotion is one reason why stress causes negative feedback. Therefore, many studies are being done to recognize negative emotions. However, emotion is difficult to classify because it is subjective and difficult to quantify. Moreover, emotion changes over time and is affected by mood. Therefore, we measured electrocardiogram (ECG), skin temperature (ST), and galvanic skin response (GSR) to detect objective indicators. We also compressed the features associated with emotion using a stacked auto-encoder (SAE). Finally, the compressed features and time information were used in training through long short-term memory (LSTM). As a result, the proposed LSTM used with the feature compression model showed the highest accuracy (99.4%) for recognizing negative emotions. The results of the suggested model were 11.3% higher than with a neural network (NN) and 5.6% higher than with SAE.
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Romano, Gianluca, Jan Schneider, and Hendrik Drachsler. "Dancing Salsa with Machines—Filling the Gap of Dancing Learning Solutions." Sensors 19, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 3661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173661.

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Dancing is an activity that positively enhances the mood of people that consists of feeling the music and expressing it in rhythmic movements with the body. Learning how to dance can be challenging because it requires proper coordination and understanding of rhythm and beat. In this paper, we present the first implementation of the Dancing Coach (DC), a generic system designed to support the practice of dancing steps, which in its current state supports the practice of basic salsa dancing steps. However, the DC has been designed to allow the addition of more dance styles. We also present the first user evaluation of the DC, which consists of user tests with 25 participants. Results from the user test show that participants stated they had learned the basic salsa dancing steps, to move to the beat and body coordination in a fun way. Results also point out some direction on how to improve the future versions of the DC.
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Shakhin, Yurii. "Informal Ties in Party-State Bureaucracy of Yugoslavia." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 3 (2022): 847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.311.

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The article investigates informal ties among the Yugoslav party-state bureaucracy in 1945–1965 in order to identify their influence on the disintegration processes in Yugoslavia. Interaction through unofficial channels was based on solid social-cultural preconditions and played a significant role in the life of the country. Informal ties could be formed due to military service or employment, family or friendship connections, but ties of compatriot character are most fully represented in the sources. They were lined up on a vertical basis in accordance with the existing administrative-territorial division and were predominately used to achieve some kind of material benefits. Until the early 1950s, compatriot ties could be used both in the interests of the center and subordinate regions, but afterwards only the latter option remained, so they quickly turned into a mechanism of lobbying regional interests in central bodies. Compatriot ties were closely intertwined with parochialism and particularism and fueled by the mood of the masses. For example, there were difficulties in nominating candidates of non-local origin during elections. There were politicians who did not follow the requests of their compatriots, but presumably they were in minority. Since the 1950s, there had been a tendency to institutionally include compatriot ties in the governing bodies, in particular, the principle of proportional regional representation had been established in state and party bodies. Already in the early 1960s this course undermined the efficiency of the central government. To which extent this result was determined by the role of compatriot ties system or other factors has yet to be researched, but it can be stated that the system of informal ties became one of the factors in the disintegration of Yugoslavia.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MoO3 STACED ELECTRON"

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SINGHAL, NISHANT. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PCBM AND MoO3 STACED ELECTRON AND HOLE TRANSPORT LAYER BASED PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL." Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16227.

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In this study, a perovskite based solar cell device has been proposed and the power conversion efficiency, fill factor, open circuit voltage and short circuit current density of the proposed device was analyzed. When simulated, it achieves a power conversion efficiency of over 14% with AM 1.5 illumination. This type of perovskite solar cell has shown potential towards achieving a low cost and efficient solar energy conversion method and unlike its silicon counterparts, it has none of the disadvantages that are present in silicon based solar cells. Different materials and their combinations were used as electron transport layer and hole transport layer. Materials that were used as electron transport layer resulted in short circuit current density of 17.92 mA.cm-2. When a combination of two materials were used as hole transport layer, it has been observed that the external quantum efficiency is close to 55% in the 350-450 nm range which corresponds to high power conversion efficiency of 14.27% but the open circuit voltage showed little variation around 1.02 volts . When MoO3 is used as a hole transport layer and its thickness and doping was optimized, it was observed that there is a 60% increase in the short circuit current density as the thickness of MoO3 was decreased and a 2% decrease in the PCE and FF with increase in thickness. When the doping of MoO3 is varied, the external quantum efficiency went down from 55% to 50%. Detailed realistic technology computer aided design (TCAD) analysis has been performed to predict the behavior of the device.
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Books on the topic "MoO3 STACED ELECTRON"

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Simpson, Thomas William. Full moon over America. New York: Warner Books, 1994.

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Zuiderveld, Ubel. Bob Moog: Synthesizer pioneer. Montclair, N.J: Hal Leonard Books, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "MoO3 STACED ELECTRON"

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E. Koval, Natalia, Bin Gu, Daniel Muñoz-Santiburcio, and Fabiana Da Pieve. "Modeling Radiation Damage in Materials Relevant for Exploration and Settlement on the Moon." In Lunar Science - Habitat and Humans [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102808.

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Understanding the effect of radiation on materials is fundamental for space exploration. Energetic charged particles impacting materials create electronic excitations, atomic displacements, and nuclear fragmentation. Monte Carlo particle transport simulations are the most common approach for modeling radiation damage in materials. However, radiation damage is a multiscale problem, both in time and in length, an aspect treated by the Monte Carlo simulations only to a limited extent. In this chapter, after introducing the Monte Carlo particle transport method, we present a multiscale approach to study different stages of radiation damage which allows for the synergy between the electronic and nuclear effects induced in materials. We focus on cumulative displacement effects induced by radiation below the regime of hadronic interactions. We then discuss selected studies of radiation damage in materials of importance and potential use for the exploration and settlement on the Moon, ranging from semiconductors to alloys and from polymers to the natural regolith. Additionally, we overview some of the novel materials with outstanding properties, such as low weight, increased radiation resistance, and self-healing capabilities with a potential to reduce mission costs and improve prospects for extended human exploration of extraterrestrial bodies.
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Avasthi, Sandhya, Tanushree Sanwal, Puja Sareen, and Suman Lata Tripathi. "Augmenting Mental Healthcare With Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Challenges in Telemedicine." In Handbook of Research on Lifestyle Sustainability and Management Solutions Using AI, Big Data Analytics, and Visualization, 75–90. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8786-7.ch005.

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Artificial intelligence is a huge part of the healthcare industry, having applications and uses in oncology, cardiology, dermatology, and many other fields. Another area where AI is constantly attempting to improve is mental healthcare by integrating machine learning to evaluate data generated by mobile and IoT devices. AI aids in the diagnosis and tailoring of therapy for mentally ill individuals at various stages. The artificial intelligence and machine learning methods utilize electronic health records, mood rating scales, brain images, mobile devices monitoring data in prediction, classification, and grouping of mental health issues, mainly psychiatric illness, suicide attempts, schizophrenia, and depression. The goal of this chapter is to review the literature on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms for detecting a person's mental health by utilizing patient health records. In addition, the chapter explains the use of artificial intelligence in curing and monitoring a patient with mental illness through telemedicine.
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Glinsky, Albert. "Vexations." In Switched On, 280—C22.P49. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197642078.003.0022.

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Abstract Outside the company, Bob was esteemed, and was featured in TWA’s Ambassador magazine, on television’s To Tell the Truth, and in a USIA film, The Visionaries. But Bill Waytena hired David Luce as top engineer. Luce’s polyphonic keyboard design (the Apollo), and pedal device (the Taurus), joined Bob’s small keyboard (the Lyra), as a three-instrument set: the Constellation. Bob developed the “Maxolin,” a one-off electronic violin started by Bell Labs’ Max Matthews. Waytena wouldn’t produce it. A Moog engineer discovered an illegal copy of Bob’s filter in an ARP instrument. In 1973, Waytena sold the company to Chicago Musical Instruments, a division of Norlin Corporation. Bob was “sold” as part of the deal. Bob attended a concert on ELP’s Brain Salad Surgery tour, and for psychological release, performed Satie’s piano piece Vexations at a public concert. The miniKORG and SH-1000, inspired by Bob’s work, signaled Japan’s entry into the synth industry.
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Bliss, Ricki. "Metaphysical grounding." In Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-n138-1.

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Reality would appear to contain many different kinds of things: peonies, storms, facts, numbers, heartaches, and then some. And the contents of this reality would seem to stand in any manner of relations to other of its contents. Peonies might cause Maxine to sneeze, numbers could be considered constituents of the facts about them, and heartaches may well supervene on complex configurations of emotional states. In addition to relations such as identity, parthood, causation, supervenience, instantiation, membership, and so on, many philosophers think we ought also to include relations of grounding. So, what exactly is grounding? We might say, for example, that facts about wholes are grounded in facts about their parts, that what’s good is grounded in what’s right, that sets are grounded in their members, and that the mental is grounded in the physical. These are but a few examples. In each case, we do not wish to claim that the one causes the other: members don’t cause the sets of which they are members to exist. But in each case, we do want to say that there is some particularly important and tight metaphysical connection between the two; a connection even tighter than mere modal correlation. Indeed, we might think that even though the moon and the singleton set of which it is the sole member come hand in glove – every world at which the moon exists its singleton exists and vice versa – the singleton seems to depend upon the moon in a way in which the moon does not depend upon the singleton. When telling the story of the world, thinks the metaphysician of a certain stripe, we need the notion of grounding. Perhaps nowhere, though, is the notion more central than in providing us with the metaphysical means to vindicate a particular picture of the overarching structure of reality. Consider the universe. The universe depends upon its constituents: galaxies, solar systems, planets, stars, and so on. Indeed, the universe appears to depend not only on its really big parts, but also on its really small ones as well: quarks, protons, and so on. Amongst the constituents of the universe, we can also discern a dependence ordering: the big things – galaxies, etc. – depend upon the small things – electrons, etc. Reality, it would seem, is hierarchically structured. This view, although very old, receives its contemporary expression in the language of metaphysical grounding. According to a very common view, reality is hierarchically structured by relations of ground that are asymmetric, transitive, and irreflexive. According also to this view, chains of entities ordered by those relations terminate in something fundamental. The Great Chain of Being involves reality and its parts arranged by relations of grounding. This entry is about metaphysical grounding, and the picture of reality that it is intimately associated with.
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Conference papers on the topic "MoO3 STACED ELECTRON"

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Dutta, Shibsankar, Jasim Akther, and Sukanta De. "Few layered MoO3 nano sheets-SWCNT composite thin film as supercapacitor electrode." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4980346.

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Dai, T. J., L. X. Qian, Y. X. Ren, and X. Z. Liu. "MoO3−x-based bipolar switching ReRAM fabricated by atomic layer deposition." In 2017 International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2017.8126436.

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Chen, Tianding, Weiting Kuo, Jerry Yu, and Derek Ho. "MoO3 nanoplatelets based Schottky diode for low-noise sensors in harsh envionments." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2016.7785308.

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Liu, Xinying, Tao An, and Wei Gong. "Improvement of BCP/MoO3 Composite Cathode Buffer Layer on the Performances of Organic Photodetectors." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2019.8754227.

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Kovendhan, M., D. Paul Joseph, P. Manimuthu, S. Ganesan, P. Maruthamuthu, S. Austin Suthanthiraraj, C. Venkateswaran, et al. "MoO[sub 3] Film Counter Electrode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3606035.

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Shiwaku, R., Y. Yoshimura, Y. Takeda, K. Fukuda, D. Kumaki, and S. Tokito. "Control of Threshold Voltage in Organic Thin-film Transistors by Modifying Gate Electrode Surface with MoOX Aqueous Solution and Its Application to Circuits." In 2015 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2015.ps-10-2.

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Lengade, Rohin. "A Prototype Aerospike: Another Fish in the Sea." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23852.

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Abstract Exploration is in our DNA! It is this spark of curiosity that has taken us to the moon and beyond. It is not easy to get into orbit. The rockets that we build today are quite sophisticated. Although technology will improve, these massive machines will increasingly be complicated to play with. One big reason being the ‘tyranny of rocket equation.’ As of now, we do not have any technology that will propel us out into space without using rockets. We are constantly finding ways to make rockets more efficient and launch more meaningful payloads into orbit. This is done by intelligently choosing the propellants, radical change in the design of rocket nozzles, applying different rocket engine cycles and improving the manufacturing process. Quite recently, we find a range of rockets being developed. The most commonly used engine cycle is the gas generator cycle (open cycle). Another way is to use electric powered turbo pumps. This cycle is far simpler than a gas generator cycle as it uses batteries to directly power the pumps. However, unlike propellant tanks with fuel, these energy powerhouses (batteries), do not reduce their weight during flight. Hence they represent dead weight. This technology is preferred for smaller rockets. There is another, not so often used engine cycle, called the full flow combustion stage or closed cycle. This cycle is the most complicated cycle and was considered almost impossible to build. Here, the exhaust from the turbine is fed into the combustion chamber, turning it into useful thrust. Apart from engine cycles, various engine nozzles have also been researched on. The conventional bell shaped nozzle, although widely used, is designed for a specific altitude. This means that the rocket needs to be multi-staged. The aerospike nozzle however, is an altitude compensatory nozzle. Although an aerospike has never flown to space, it has been rigorously tested. Here in, is a concept design of a prototype aerospike rocket engine. The intention of the design is to solve the engineering complexity involved in making efficient rocket engines. From the research carried out over a period of time, the following problems were noticed in an aerospike: • Near full combustion of propellant was not observed. • Overall heating of the spike increased. • Thrust Vector Control was difficult. The suggested design concept aims to tackle the above mentioned problems. The key technology used here is additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing provides great flexibility in design and manufacturing. The complexity involved in manufacturing the aerospike can be tackled with this. The exhaust from the turbine can be used to create additional thrust by letting it out from the bottom of the toroidal spike. Near full combustion of the fuel-oxidizer mixture can be achieved by a dedicated combustion chamber rotated around the exhaust pipe of the turbine; unlike previous aerospikes which didn’t. The outer shape of the combustion chamber will be cylindrical, which will house traditional thrust vector control assembly. The heating of the nozzle can be reduced by using high grade graphite, tungsten and aluminum alloys with composite and ceramic materials. Also, for the rocket to be fuel efficient, the initial momentum to the turbines used will be given by permanent magnets mounted on the shaft, surrounded by windings and powered by supercapacitors. Once a desired rpm is achieved, a very small amount of fuel is used to maintain the same.
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