Journal articles on the topic 'Monuments'
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1
Pereira, Edilson. "MONUMENTOS URBANOS E ARTE PÚBLICA: OS OBELISCOS EM ROTAÇÃO / Urban monuments and public art: the obelisks in rotation." Arte e Ensaios 27, no. 41 (July 24, 2021): 251–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37235/ae.n41.14.
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Este ensaio aborda uma forma monumental antiga e muito disseminada no mundo – o obelisco e suas variações – para refletir sobre a importância desse artefato estético e sociocultural até o último século, quando passa a interagir com questões oriundas dos debates propostos pela “arte pública”. Considerando os usos históricos e contemporâneos dos monumentos verticais não figurativos, abordo algumas intervenções e instalações artísticas, focalizando monumentos públicos, para mapear as estratégias de subversão das formas e sentidos a eles atribuídos. Demonstro que certos monumentos são objeto de várias intervenções ao longo do tempo, enquanto algumas instalações artísticas se apresentam como contramonumentos em sintonia com os princípios de participação e debate público que animam os valores democráticos.Palavras-chave: Obelisco; Monumento público; Arte pública; Paisagem urbana; Contramonumento. AbstractThis essay discusses an ancient monumental form and very widespread in the world – the obelisk and its variations – to reflect on the importance of this aesthetic and sociocultural artifact until the last century, when it started to interact with issues arising from the debates proposed by the “public art”. Considering the historical and contemporary uses of vertical non-figurative monuments, I address some interventions and artistic installations focusing on public monuments to map the subversion of the forms and meanings canonically attributed to such artifacts. There are cases in which a monument is the object of several interventions over time, and others, complementary, in which the proposal is to constitute a counter-monument in line with the principles of participation and public debate that animate democratic societies. Keywords: Obelisk; Public monument; Public art; Urban landscape; Counter-monument.
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Kurienė, Viktorija. "What Was Protected by the State in Vilnius and Nowogródek Voivodeships Between 1928 and 1939? Evaluation and Listing of Cultural Monuments." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 47 (July 14, 2021): 30–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2021.47.2.
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This article focuses on the process of monument listing, done by conservators of Vilnius in interwar Poland and which provided the monuments state protection. Between 1931 and 1939, monument conservators made 202 decisions confirming monumental value to various objects of architecture, urbanistics, archeology and nature. In the text the listing and evaluation process is described by analyzing the register of monuments and the decisions it was based on. The documents from the archive of the Art Department of Vilnius voivodeship are used in the article. The analysis of the register of monuments is based on statistical methods. Interpretation and evaluation are based on analytical and comparative methods. The research leads to findings that monument listing was dominated by architecture. Objects of nature were announced monuments based on their cultural value. Officially the status of a monument was given on the grounds of its aesthetics, age or documental value. However, the inner motive was Polishness. Thus, the most frequent monuments were baroque Catholic churches. The patriotic context is also seen in nature protection. The process of monument listing was led by only one expert – a conservator of monuments. The monument status and state protection depended on their interests, expertise and power. The conservator cooperated only with a small group of Polish authority and intelligentsia, leaving the majority of society out of this heritage process. The decision confirming monumental value was a way to control and have an impact directly on the monument’s existence, indirectly – on the discourse of memory. The monument listing reveals values and identities of a Polish art historian working for the state. Consequently, these values and identities were projected for the whole society as universal. This type of discourse on heritage, conception and practice was common in Western countries in the 20th c.
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Márquez, Francisca, and Valentina Rozas-Krause. "Occupying and Reclaiming a National Historical Monument." Latin American Perspectives 43, no. 6 (September 22, 2016): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16666342.
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Conceptual and ethnographic examination of the ideology that has given form to one of Chile’s most representative national historical monuments, the Casa Central of the Universidad de Chile, indicates that monuments are a complex social construction of historically situated ideologies and practices and that, simply by being artifacts, they are always at risk of never achieving unanimity as to their truth. The controversial nature of the monument’s meaning presents us with a problem with regard to its verisimilitude and its incorporation into a shared history. It may be suggested that the historical meaning of a monument is manifested in its commemoration and in corporal uses and practices. Un examen conceptual y etnográfico de la ideología que le ha dado forma a la Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile—uno de los monumentos históricos nacionales más representativos del país— revela que un monumento es una construcción social compleja de ideologías y prácticas situadas en un contexto histórico y que, simplemente por ser un artefacto, siempre correremos el riesgo de nunca alcanzar unanimidad en cuanto a su verdad. La naturaleza controvertida del significado del monumento nos plantea un problema con relación a su verosimilitud y a su incorporación en una historia compartida. Podemos decir que el significado histórico de un monumento se manifiesta en su conmemoración y en usos y prácticas corporales.
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Caponigri, Felicia. "Malleable monuments and comparative cultural property law: The Balbo monument between the United States and Italy." International Journal of Constitutional Law 19, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 1710–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab136.
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Abstract Still standing in situ today, the Balbo monument in Chicago has presented an especially monumental challenge for the Chicago community, including members of the Italian American community in Chicago. This article considers the laws which regulate cultural heritage in the separate territories of Italy and the United States, cultural property law and historic preservation law, respectively, in light of archival research on the behind-the-scenes maneuvers of the Balbo monument’s installation. In certain circumstances, historic property is not the same as cultural property, even though historic property and cultural property may at times overlap. Identity may more greatly inform one category over another through the law’s terminology, connections to place, and resulting historical connections. The central proposal of this article is that some monuments, as they are defined with reference to history under the law, seem so specific to certain histories and historical narratives that they might be meant to be, perhaps counterintuitively, malleable monuments. Despite their characterization as historic property or cultural property, malleable monuments should, can, and, at times, already do, proverbially bend to our shifting and evolving notions of identity as they are inevitably tied to our histories. In Italy, “malleable” may mean tangible monuments with changing symbolism and cultural significance; in the United States, “malleable” may mean embodied symbolism and cultural significance with the impermanence of tangible monuments. Permanence is not definitive of malleable monuments’ existence; rather, impermanence is. Recognizing the complexity of what it means to be Italian in America today through the Balbo monument, the article concludes, may mean accepting the Balbo monument as a malleable monument.
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Herasymenko, I., and S. Maksymov. "PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUATION OF MONUMENTS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.47.
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The article analyzes the current state of the regulatory framework governing the valuation of cultural monuments, in particular, the Monetary Valuation of Monuments approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated September 26, 2002 No. 1447. The classification of conservation categories by a monument (national and local significance) and types of monuments (archeology, history, monumental art, architecture and urban planning, landscape gardening art, historical landscape, science and technology) is given. The main problem in determining the value of monuments is to take into account not only the material factors of the monuments and its degree of wear, but also the consideration of its intangible factors, such as its historical, social, artistic value, the presence of objects of decorative art. That is, the cost of buildings-monuments of cultural heritage is formed: – due to the cost of the material “carrier” (land with improvements in the form of buildings, structures, small forms, etc.); – due to the value of the contribution of the intangible asset to the carrier. The article also describes the main problems that arise when assessing such objects (the presence of a monument’s status, the lack of an information base on market transactions, high operating costs, the need for restoration work, and high investment risks). The factors raising and lowering the value of a cultural heritage monument are characterized. Based on the analysis of the current regulatory framework, it was decided to develop practical recommendations for determining the value of real estate – monuments of architecture and urban planning, in particular built-in premises.
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Huang, Wen Zheng. "Application of Chemicals in the Restoration of Monuments." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1442.
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Monuments are precious historical and cultural heritages, they are non-renewable cultural resources, the authenticity of monuments lies in the value of cultural relics, protecting the monument’s historical value and reflecting the complete history characteristics in particular historical period are the restoration principles of monuments. This paper proposed the attentions of applied chemicals in the restoration of monuments by introducing the application of chemicals in monument’s anti-corrosion treatment of wooden components, reinforcement of wooden components, protection of masonry as well as masonry reinforcement etc. Chemicals can effectively protect the unique historical, scientific and artistic value of monuments, chemicals and chemical technology will have broad application prospects in the field of monument restoration technology.
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Popadić, Milan. "What makes a good monument?: Theoretical starting points to the heritological interpretation of commemorative values in the city space." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 53, no. 1 (2023): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp53-40834.
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The initial research question in this paper is whether the predispositions for the evaluation of contemporary monumental culture in the city can be determined in the context of heritological research. In order to reach a possible answer, it is necessary to first determine the meaning of the word 'monument', and then present the dominant interpretations of what makes a 'good' monument. Thus, the paper starts from abstracted experiences concerning the place of monuments in the urban structure, then pays attention to issues of material, shape, and meaning, as well as multiple identities of monuments in the city. Finally, the basic theoretical starting points for the valorization of monuments are determined, which point out the relationship between commemorative values, monumental identities, and urban structure. The aim of this paper is to offer a synthesis of the heritological approach, which could then serve as a model for the analysis of contemporary monumental culture in the city. We can express this approach in the following way: the city is viewed as a heritage corpus, as a function of the relationship of material, form and meaning that is associated with its identities (conceptual, factual, and actual). Hence the initial answer to the question of what the city is through the prism of heritology: the city is a heritage corpus that evokes the maximum of memory in a minimum of space. What would then be a monument-in-a-city? The monumentin-the-city is a point of high commemorative value, an element that activates the memory potential of the urban structure. Thus, we get a basis for answering the question of what makes a 'good' monument: a good monument is one that satisfies the requirement of intensive commemorativeness (ie communicativeness of memory contents) in the city, while a 'bad' monument is what is insufficient in the mentioned sense.
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Sutton, Deborah. "Sacred architectures as monuments: a study of the Kalkaji Mandir, Delhi." Architectural Research Quarterly 26, no. 1 (March 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135522000380.
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This article considers the relationship between architecture, bodies, and custodies in the making of Indian urban monuments. Monuments are created through a combination of design and designation. In this article I explore a religious architecture that is dynamic and iterative and at which monumental designation was attempted and quickly abandoned. I align three issues: what a monument looks like, what a monument does, and how both design and function connect to the custodian regimes at monumental, or potentially monumental, sites. In particular, I am concerned with architectures of divinity, and devotion, as both quotidian and monumental aspects of a city.
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Vierda, Vjekoslav. "Restoration of monuments and tourism." Tourism and hospitality management 1, no. 2 (December 15, 1995): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.1.2.14.
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The article considers the relationship between renewal of monuments and tourism from the aspect of a mutual experience of the future cultural historical monuments, as a part of a nation’s total cultural heritage and as one of the most important preconditions for tourism development. Renewal of monuments is partly aimed at increasing the attractiveness of the tourism offer; at the same time it displays the relationship of a given tourist destination towards a country’s cultural heritage and surroundings, and is a part of real tourism trends. The mutual relationship between renewal of monuments and tourism is considered through two aspects: 1. Renewal of monuments as a precondition for securing a tourist attraction i. e. a monument which is already a tourist attraction, monument renewal as a condition for increasing the attractiveness of the same, and 2. Renewal of monuments as a tourist attraction sui generis, where the scheme of renewal attached to the monument’s attractiveness is given as the initial theme, i.e. means of collecting financial aid for renewal, while a second theme considers the renewal as an attraction sui generis through all phases to finishing the renewal and introducing the monument. Finally, the article gives suggestions on how to organize co-operation between institutions responsible for tourism, i.e. for the protection and renewal of monuments.
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Ochiai, Akiko. "From Underrepresentation to “Dual Heritage” and Beyond: Contemporary African American Monument-Building." Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal 104, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 320–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/soundings.104.4.0320.
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Abstract The years following the Civil Rights Movement witnessed the erection of African American monuments in traditionally white-dominated public spaces, especially in the South. While this terrestrial integration acknowledges the historic centrality of race, their juxtaposition with former Confederate monuments ironically created a parallel “dual heritage.” Around the turn of the twenty-first century, newer types of counter-monuments contest prior memorialization and proffer a more nuanced history. Since the 2015 Charleston church shooting, calls for removal of old Confederate monuments have been dynamized by the Black Lives Matter movement, particularly following the murder of George Floyd. Using a framework contrasting dialogic with anti-monumental monuments, this essay analyzes the past half-century of African American monument construction to reconsider desegregation of the memorial landscape. In doing so, it further explores new ways of anti-monumental commemoration in the post-Floyd era.
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Purcell, Sarah J. "Commemoration, Public Art, and the Changing Meaning of the Bunker Hill Monument." Public Historian 25, no. 2 (2003): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2003.25.2.55.
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The controversy over a 1998 public art project by Krzysztof Wodiczko at the Bunker Hill Monument dramatizes how the meanings of monuments are subject to constant renegotiation. Reaction to Wodiczko's art, which used the monument to comment on crime in Charlestown, Massachusetts, demonstrated both changes and continuities in the understandings of monuments since the Bunker Hill Monument was first designed in the 1820s. Both Wodiczko and the monument's original planners defined it as a tool capable of providing "eternal" recognition of heroism and sacrifice. Experimental projects may have great power to teach the public about the changing meaning of the past.
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Kuriakose, Jacob, Dr Pinki Nayak, Lokesh Meena, and Jyoti Parashar. "Monument Tracker: Deep Learning Approach for Indian Heritage." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 10 (October 31, 2023): 1381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56213.
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Abstract: Monuments are physical structures built to commemorate a person or event. Their importance to the region necessitates their documentation and upkeep. Due to the many variations in how various monuments are built, monument recognition is a challenging task in the field of picture classification. The various angles of the building are critical in identifying the monuments in photographs. As more international landmarks and monuments are covered, there is a greater need to connect a structure's physical presence to its digital presence. As a result, the monument's automated recognition is enabled. Monuments represent the culturally rich legacy of people of all ethnicities, castes, and faiths. It reflects tremendous achievements in art and architecture, and it also serves as the backbone of the surrounding region's socioeconomic progress through tourism. As an important historical and cultural heritage asset, the monument must be digitally recognized and archived. The monument photographs should be identified and described to aid in the preservation of people's cultures from various locations. The goal of this project is to present a method for classifying different monuments based on the characteristics of the monument photographs. Machine Learning and Deep Learning are advancing, speeding up advances in image recognition and allowing computer vision to reach new heights. The results with Baseline Model had an overall accuracy of 73.2%. After using Transfer Learning, we achieved an overall accuracy of 94.5% with VGG16 Architecture, Inception with an accuracy of 91.2% and Resnet50 with an accuracy of 85.5%.
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Faulkenbury, Evan. "“A Problem of Visibility”." Public Historian 41, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.4.83.
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In 1876, officials in Cortland, New York unveiled a bronze and granite Union soldier monument to commemorate the county’s participation in the American Civil War. Over time, the monument’s meanings and importance changed, and in 2013, Cortland officials began an attempt to move it out of the way for a music stage. This case study illustrates how Union monuments (similarly to Confederate monuments) represented local pride, masculine ideals, racial beliefs, and community values. Over time, however, original purposes faded from memory. By debating whether or not the statue should stay or move, Cortland reimagined the monument’s significance to its past, present, and future.
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Barać, Mirjana. "Urban-architectural and symbolic review of the memorial-monumental heritage of Kosovo and Metohija in the works of Svetomir Arsić Basara." Bastina, no. 55 (2021): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina31-33676.
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The subject of the paper is a spatial, urban-architectural, and symbolic interpretation of the monuments of the National Liberation War in Kosovo and Metohija, by Svetomir Arsić Basara. The Monument to People's Heroes Boris Vukmirović and Ramiz Sadiku and the Monument to the Šar Mountains Partisan Detachment were chosen for the analysis. The aim of this paper is to determine the relations between the sculptural form and man, but also the basic urban-architectural and monumental relations, characteristics, messages, and meanings, through the interpretation of the principles of spatial perception of the monuments. For the purposes of this research, data on the available archival material and the existing condition of the monuments were collected, an interview was conducted with the author of the monuments, Svetomir Arsić Basara, and then an urban-architectural and symbolic interpretation of the monuments was given. The paper provides a historical overview, an overview of social circumstances and relations, as well as authorial processes in urban-architectural designing solutions, therefore, this paper can contribute to the expansion of the current modest knowledge about the urban-architectural characteristics of the monuments, and a better understanding of their memorial symbolism.
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Brant, Linda. "Monuments of Compassion." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 4 (December 1, 2020): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i4.1421.
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The term ‘monument of compassion' is introduced to describe the essential features of the Monument To Animals We Do Not Mourn, as well as other animal monuments. Installed in Hartsdale Pet Cemetery in New York, The Monument To Animals We Do Not Mourn is unconventional in its representation of a marginalized group (farm animals), its challenge to dominant cultural narratives concerning this group, its interactivity, and its atypical location. It is an artist-driven, dialogic monument of dissent, offering cemetery visitors the opportunity to consider the suffering of farm animals in the same space that they mourn their beloved companion animals. The monument extends compassion to farm animals and affirms their value as individual beings, worthy of a full and natural life. Visitors who resonate with the monument’s message are invited to leave a stone at its base. As the stones accumulate, they will be collected and used to create another monument of compassion for typically unmourned animals.
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Jackson, Sarah E., and Joshua Wright. "The Work of Monuments: Reflections on Spatial, Temporal and Social Orientations in Mongolia and the Maya Lowlands." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24, no. 1 (February 2014): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774314000018.
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In this article, we look at two very different contexts of monument use – Bronze Age Inner Asia and the Classic period Maya lowlands – in order to explore the function and meanings of monuments and the variety of ways in which they worked to mark and differentiate ancient landscapes. Our goal in uniting such disparate contexts is to examine how power and social organization in these settings were translated into monumental material forms, and how such materializations were experienced by those who viewed and re-interpreted the monuments. In particular, we explore how monuments acted as orientational markers within specific cultural contexts. Our discussion finds common ground between the disparate settings through several common interpretive frameworks focused on spatial, temporal and social orientational work accomplished by active, agentive monuments through their relationships with humans, which we frame as a ‘technology of the monument’. Monuments are instrumental in situating groups within these different layers, or landscapes, of lived experience, yet even while physically fixed, allow for movement through changing meanings and ideas.
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Drozdov, Viktor. "SOVIET MONUMENTAL PROPAGANDA PROBLEMS IN WESTERN UKRAINIAN LANDS IN 1944 – 1953." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 2 (49) (December 5, 2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290335.
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The article characterizes the problems of Soviet monumental propaganda in the Western Ukrainian lands in the post-war years, mainly related to building monuments of republican significance. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the author has outlined the peculiarities of legislative regulation and financing of the monuments’ construction, which affected the delay or non-implementation of government decrees regarding the construction of memorials. The financial problems and the shortcomings of the Soviet bureaucratic system have been described in the example of the building of monuments to Lenin in L’viv, Drohobych and Chernivtsi, the monument to Oleko Dundych in Rivne, the “Hill of Glory” in L’viv, and the military cemetery in Stanislav. The reasons contributing to the failure to fulfill the tasks of monumental propaganda included the limitation of funding for building monuments by both the central and republican authorities, the lack of funds in local budgets, and the delay in submitting or approving project or financial documentation. Furthermore, an ideological factor has been identified as the primary reason for postponing the construction of memorials to Ivan Franko and Taras Shevchenko in L’viv. The author concluded that Soviet memory politics, which aimed to Sovietize the memorial space rapidly, lacked the resources to create essential symbolic places to disseminate Soviet commemorative culture in the Western Ukrainian lands effectively. The delay in constructing new monuments of republican significance caused dissatisfaction among the party leadership, which demanded an immediate solution to these problems. These demands, in turn, resulted in cost-cutting measures during monument building, leading to deviations from their original projects. The article pays particular attention to the issue of the quality of typical monuments to the state’s leaders and fallen soldiers of the Soviet army, which was also one of the problems of Soviet monumental propaganda.
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Giguere, Joy M. "The (Im)Movable Monument." Public Historian 41, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 56–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.4.56.
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Despite Kentucky’s status as a Union state during the Civil War, the Louisville Confederate Soldiers’ Monument, erected in 1895 by the Kentucky Confederate Women’s Monument Association, is a representative example of Confederate memorialization in the South. Its history through the twentieth century, culminating in the creation of the nearby Freedom Park to counterbalance the monument’s symbolism and its ultimate removal and relocation to nearby Brandenburg, Kentucky, in 2017, reveals the relationship between such monuments and the Lost Cause, urban development, public history, and public memory. Using the Louisville Confederate Monument as a case study, this essay considers the ways in which Confederate monuments not only reflect the values of the people who erected them, but ultimately shape and are shaped by their environments.
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Vadimovich Griger, Maxim, Enzhe Midhatovna Dusaeva, and Igor Vladimirovich Vostrikov. "CREATING A MEMORY OF A SAINT: FRANCIS OF ASSISI IN ITALIAN MONUMENTAL PROPAGANDA OF THE 19TH-21ST CENTURIES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (October 19, 2019): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7578.
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Purpose: This article explores the mechanisms of constructing cultural memory in Italy in the 19th – 21st centuries on the example of the history of the erection of monuments dedicated to St. Francis of Assisi. They are interested only in the monuments placed in urban areas. This way they analyze “appropriation” of St. Francis by secular society. It is explained why this medieval saint became the hero of the national cultural pantheon of united Italy and in 1939 the holy Patron of Fascist Italy.
Methodology: We studded the monuments putting them in historical and cultural context, searching for information about customers, funds, sculptors, placement, and meaning
Result: There studded following questions: who was the customer of the monument, what was the main purpose of the customer(s), the historical and cultural context of monuments erection, the choice of the space for the monument, the composition of the monument, and others. Based on it step-by-step it is reconstructed the evolution of St. Francis’s monumental commemoration on the wide field of general changes in the cultural requests of Italian society and the state. The authors show the cultural aspects of commemorating.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Creating a memory of a saint: Francis of Assisi in Italian Monumental Propaganda of the 19th-21st centuries is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
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Sosnitsky, Dmitry A. "Prominent Scientists in the Monumental Sculpture of Leningrad — Saint Petersburg." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 69, no. 1 (2024): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2024.114.
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The article examines the monuments to scientists and inventors installed in Leningrad and modern St. Petersburg and their influence on shaping collective historical representations of the past. On the basis of the analysis of reference literature and scholarship, a range of monuments for the study was determined, which led to the conclusions about which new monuments to scientists emerged in Soviet Leningrad and modern St. Petersburg more often and in which periods in the history of the city. The article explores the history of installation of some monuments with regard to both the mechanisms for developing the projects and the implementation of competitive procedures. The paper also addresses the initiators and reasons for the installation of a particular monument. The author comes to the conclusion that the projects for the monuments are most often initiated by the state, and less often — by the scientific community or some influential scientist. Business community rarely proposes to erect a monument to a famous scientist. The article reveals that monuments to representatives of the exact and natural sciences prevail over those to humanitarians, which can be attributed to both the applied nature of the work of the former and to the perception of the latter as part of the general pantheon of heroes of the national culture. A possible explanation for almost complete absence of monuments to historians, philologists, and philosophers in monumental sculpture may be due to the substitution of their role by monuments to writers and poets erected in large numbers both in Soviet Leningrad and in modern St. Petersburg.
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İnqlab qızı İsmayılova, Tünzalə. "The existence of words in Chakhol monuments." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/120-123.
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Chakhol monuments are included in the Yenisei monuments. The name of the monument is associated with the name of the river of the same name, which flows into the Yenisei River. The number of Chakhol monuments is 11. The monument contains Turkish and borrowed lyrics. Words of Turkish origin predominate in the monument. Since the monument does not reflect historical events, it has been studied by more linguists. Key words: The old İnscriptions, Yenisei İnscriptions, Chakhol monuments, words, lexicology
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Lysandrou, Vasiliki, Athos Agapiou, Manolis Ioannides, Nikolaos Kantiranis, Eleftherios Charalambous, and Diofantos Hadjimitsis. "Integrated Investigation of Built Heritage Monuments: The Case Study of Paphos Harbour Castle, Cyprus." Heritage 1, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage1010001.
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The state of preservation of built heritage monuments is often evaluated by means of several destructive techniques, which are mainly focused on the analysis of small parts of the monuments’ construction materials. The necessary sampling for the accomplishment of these destructive analyses is usually restricted to confined parts of a monument, since monuments are usually under protective legislation, and therefore only indicative of larger areas. Current research attempts to enhance the results of provided by destructive methods, using non-destructive image processing techniques. Towards this end, the potential use of image processing based on rectified images is examined, along with material sampling and laboratory analyses as part of a multi-disciplinary methodology for the investigation of Paphos (Cyprus) Harbour Castle. This approach has been adopted in order to map the degradation patterns observed on the monument’s masonry walls, minimizing destructive methods and attempting to visualize the results of the monument as a whole. The combination of both analytical and non-destructive techniques resulted in the acquisition of large amounts of information, permitting the evaluation of applied non-destructive techniques for the study of the deterioration present on a monument’s external surfaces. This approach led to the assessment of the overall state of preservation of the masonry walls of the structure in an extended scale covering all external façades in a semi-automatic way.
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Gadecki, Bartołomiej. "Umieszczanie reklam na zabytkach." Studia Prawnoustrojowe, no. 43 (October 11, 2019): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/sp.4602.
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Monuments are protected under provisions of criminal law, which arecontained both in the Act on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments and in the Penal Code. This article aims to examinedogmatic aspects of misdemeanour specifed in Articles 118 of the Act on theProtection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments. The saidArticle regulates misdemeanour of placing advertisements on monuments without a permit. Placing advertisements on a monument entered into theInventory of Monuments requires permission of the Voivodship Inspector ofMonuments. Examined herein is the meaning of the following terms: “placement”, “monument entered into the Inventory of Monuments”. The conclusions are based on formal-dogmatic analysis.
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DOROKHOV, V. B., N. YU PINTELIN, and D. YU ZHELDAKOV. "INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY REGIME OF BURIED VOLUMES ON THE PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS WITH MONUMENTAL PAINTINGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TRANSFIGURATION CHURCH IN POLOTSK." Building and reconstruction 98, no. 6 (2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2021-98-6-43-49.
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The heat and humidity regime of the buried parts can be essential, and sometimes crucial, for the normalization of the microclimate of the entire monument. The experience of thermophysical studies in church architectural monuments shows a wide range of factors that determine the impact of the temperature and humidity regime of the buried volumes on the formation of conditions for the preservation of the monument as a whole. Currently, the Climate Laboratory of Museums and Architectural Monuments of GOSNIIR conducts research on this problem in order to create a methodology for studying and normalizing the heat and humidity regime of the aboveground and underground parts of the building as a whole to develop design and technological approaches to optimizing the conditions for the preservation of the monument. The article considers a practical example of providing heat and humidity conditions for the preservation of a monument with monumental painting.
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Drinia, Hara, Fani Tripolitsiotou, Theodora Cheila, and George Zafeiropoulos. "The Geosites of the Sacred Rock of Acropolis (UNESCO World Heritage, Athens, Greece): Cultural and Geological Heritage Integrated." Geosciences 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12090330.
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Athens, the capital of Greece, is notable for its distinctive environment. Numerous archaeological and historical monuments contribute to the city’s cultural wealth. These cultural monuments should include geological monuments, which are part of Athens’ natural heritage. The Acropolis of Athens is one of the world’s most recognizable and admired monuments, renowned for its archaeological, historical, and touristic significance. The Acropolis Rock is also a spectacular geological heritage monument. This article is about the Acropolis monuments, which are of great geological interest in addition to their cultural value. In recognizing each monument’s unique geological features and quantitatively evaluating them, in terms of educational, touristic, cultural, and accessibility value, we document their special value in geoeducation and geotourism, not only for the public, but also for the scientific community. The potential for exploiting these geosites, in terms of geotourism, is very high and important not only for strengthening the local economy, but also for raising visitor awareness of environmental, geological, and geoconservation issues. However, the lack of understanding of geological heritage in relation to cultural heritage is underlined. The need for strategic educational planning and integration of geo-environmental education into school practice is evident.
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Montoro, Pedro R., and Marcos Ruiz. "Incidental visual memory and metamemory for a famous monument." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 84, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02472-9.
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AbstractIn the context of urban life, some monuments are ecologically relevant landmarks for some people. However, previous research on the topic of incidental memory of everyday settings has relatively ignored how people remember monuments from their environments. The present work examined visual memory (i.e., recall and recognition) and metamemory for the Puerta de Alcalá (“Alcalá Gate” in English), a famous ornamental monument in the city of Madrid (Spain). Despite the monument’s perceptual simplicity, participants showed poor visual memory of it in a recall task (drawings), as only 16% of them correctly drew the monument; moreover, only 45% of the participants correctly recognized it in a four-alternative forced-choice test. In contrast, participants reported higher levels of confidence for both recall and recognition (51.57 ± 20.5 and 79.54 ± 19.6, respectively on a 100-point scale). Importantly, memory performance did not vary as a function of the number of years lived near the monument or of the self-reported contact frequency (familiarity) with the monument. The current findings have relevant implications in understanding the link between visual attention, memory, and metamemory in real-world settings.
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Benjamin, Andrea, Ray Block, Jared Clemons, Chryl Laird, and Julian Wamble. "Set in Stone? Predicting Confederate Monument Removal." PS: Political Science & Politics 53, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096519002026.
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ABSTRACTRecent events have led to a renewed conversation surrounding the relevance and potential removal of Confederate monuments around the country, and several monuments have already been removed. However, we have little insight to explain why some monuments have been removed while others remain. This article seeks to understand the social and political determinants that can better explain the recent removal of Confederate monuments throughout the United States. Analyzing results from an original dataset of Confederate monuments, we identify which local government structures and racial and civic characteristics best predict the removal of these monuments. Ultimately, although we find that other factors contribute to monument removal, the size of the black population, the presence of a National Association for the Advancement of Colored People chapter, and the percentage of Democrats in a county in which a monument exists—as well as whether the monument exists in a state that constrains removal by legislative decree—best predict whether a Confederate monument will be taken down. This project elucidates the interplay of race, partisanship, and local and statewide politics as it relates to the dismantling of Confederate monuments.
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Szymborski, Wiktor. "Tanks on Monuments, Monument Tanks." Trimarium 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 47–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55159/tri.2023.0104.02.
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The purpose of this outline was to introduce the topic of using armored weapons elements in the erection of monuments. The text discusses the issue of “monuments of gratitude” to the Red Army, which often drew on the motif of the tank monument, using a tank of the liberator of a particular locality. Monuments to the brotherhood of arms between the Red Army and the People’s Polish Army are also discussed. Two unique works that were not created by state order and were not propaganda manifestations are discussed next: the monument in Kasina Wielka and the now demolished one in Zyndranowa. In Kasina Wielka, a local artist designed a monument commemorating Polish soldiers who fell in September 1939. The work uses the turret of a Vickers tank, a real rarity since not a single Vickers tank taking part in the operations of the 1939 campaign has survived to this day. Moreover, it shows the grassroots initiative of citizens who wanted to commemorate the clashes in Kasina Wielka. The second monument was erected in Zyndranowa to commemorate the casualties of the 1944 Dukla operation. Importantly, it was again a grassroots initiative. The text discusses the stages of its creation, along with the actions taken by the authorities to dismantle it. The article is supplemented by a table listing “monuments of gratitude” that used elements of World War II military equipment.
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Akhundova, Surayya. "THE TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS." Scientific works/Elmi eserler 2 (April 2, 1996): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.58225/sw.2022.2.5-12.
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Abstract. The article is devoted to diagnostic research used in the restoration and conservation of architectural monuments. The main purpose of the diagnostics is to determine the technical condition of the individual structures of the whole monument and whether it is serviceable. The article researches the essence and tasks of technical diagnostics of the causes of monuments deformation. The cause-and-effect relationship was analyzed in the assessment of the conditions of deformation of architectural monuments. While studying the engineering-geological causes of the deformation of the monuments, the inspection of the technical condition of the monument, the analysis of the location of the main structures and the observation of the deformations were given Keywords: architectural monuments, technical condition, engineering- geological, monument deformation, constructions, research
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Vətən qızı Camali, Dilbər. "Linguistic and cultural analysis of Kul tarkhan, Dolodoyn and Bombogor monuments." SCIENTIFIC WORK 78, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/78/58-63.
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Orxon-Yenisey abidələrinin kəşf olunan ilk nümunələrindən üzü bu yana ilbəil yeniləri tapılmaqda davam edir. Abidələrin dili-üslubu və daşıdığı kulturloji dəyərlər türkologiya üçün çox önəmlidir. Qədim türk yazılı abidələri Azərbaycanda araşdırılsa da son illərdə tapılan yeni abidələr hələ tədqiq edilməmişdir. Kül tarxan abidəsi, Bömbögör abidəsi və Dolodoyn abidəsi indiyə kimi Azərbaycanda tərcümə və nəşr edilməmişdir. Bu məqalədə abidələr haqqında məlumatlar verilmiş və mətnləri linqvistik və kulturoloji baxımdan araşdırılmışdır. Açar sözlər: Kül Tarkan, Bömbögör, dolodoyn, abidələr, dil, kulturoloji Dilber Vatan Jamali Linguistic and cultural analysis of Kul tarkhan, Dolodoyn and Bombogor monuments Abstract From the first discovered specimens of the Orkhon-Yenisei monuments, new ones continue to be found every year. The language and style of the monuments and the cultural values they carry are very important for Turkology. Although ancient Turkish written monuments have been studied in Azerbaijan, new monuments found in recent years have not yet been studied. The Kul Tarkhan monument, the Bombogor monument and the Dolodoyn monument have not yet been translated and published in Azerbaijan. This article provides information about the monuments and examines the texts from a linguistic and cultural point of view. Key words: Kul Tarkhan monuments, Bömbögör monuments, Dolodoyn, monuments, language, cultural.
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Markhasi Rupilu, Moshe, Suyoto, and Albertus Joko Santoso. "The Development of Mobile Application to Introduce Historical Monuments in Manado." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 11012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183111012.
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Learning the historical value of a monument is important because it preserves cultural and historical values, as well as expanding our personal insight. In Indonesia, particularly in Manado, North Sulawesi, there are many monuments. The monuments are erected for history, religion, culture and past war, however these aren’t written in detail in the monuments. To get information on specific monument, manual search was required, i.e. asking related people or sources. Based on the problem, the development of an application which can utilize LBS (Location Based Service) method and some algorithmic methods specifically designed for mobile devices such as Smartphone, was required so that information on every monument in Manado can be displayed in detail using GPS coordinate. The application was developed by KNN method with K-means algorithm and collaborative filtering to recommend monument information to tourist. Tourists will get recommended options filtered by distance. Then, this method was also used to look for the closest monument from user. KNN algorithm determines the closest location by making comparisons according to calculation of longitude and latitude of several monuments tourist wants to visit. With this application, tourists who want to know and find information on monuments in Manado can do them easily and quickly because monument information is recommended directly to user without having to make selection. Moreover, tourist can see recommended monument information and search several monuments in Manado in real time.
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Prysiazhniuk, Oleksii. "The First English Ancient Monuments Protection Act." European Historical Studies, no. 16 (2020): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.16.9.
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The advent of the first special antiquity law was preceded by a long stage of studying and organizing knowledge about historical and cultural monuments. The Ancient Monuments Protection Act of 18 August 1882 was the first of its kind by an Act of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Act lists the first 68 monuments or sites that have been protected by law. The text of Act consists of 11 paragraphs. The analysis of paragraphs 2, 3 and 11 gives us the opportunity to formulate the very concept of a «monument» contained therein, as well as to consider the types of ancient monuments that are distinguished by law. The Ancient Monuments are: houses, buildings and other structures located on the surface of the earth or underground, as well as caves and zones of archaeological sites and location of such houses, buildings and other structures, as well as caves and zones of archaeological sites. All the constituent elements and structures of the monument are considered to be its parts. The location of the monument includes not only the area of land on which it is located, but also the surrounding zones. Deliberate destruction or deterioration of protected monuments entails criminal liability in the form of imprisonment for up to one month and a fine. However, criminal and financial responsibility rests solely with outsiders. The owner of the monument is not punished for any action he may take on his property. Paragraphs of Act for the first time regulate the state registration of monuments. Such registration involves the identification of monuments, surveys and determining their value, inclusion in the list of protected, informing the owner or tenant of the monument about the inclusion of this object in the list etc. The Ancient Monuments Protection Act of 1882 was one of the most important results of a set of socio-political reforms in Victorian England. The brevity of the 1882 Act made it impossible to cover all the ancient monuments, which made it only partly a source of law. Currently, there is no single legislative act in the UK on the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments. After the act of 1882 by the middle of the 20th century were adopted and enforced several laws on various aspects of the protection of monuments. However, the main provisions governing this area of social relations were laid in the late nineteenth century.
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Naniopoulos, Aristotelis, Panagiotis Tsalis, Eleni Papanikolaou, Alexandra Kalliagra, and Charitomeni Kourmpeti. "Accessibility improvement interventions realised in Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki, Greece." Journal of Tourism Futures 1, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 254–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-03-2015-0008.
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Purpose Access to culture is a fundamental right of people with disabilities and a significant aspect in the development of accessible tourism. A visit to a monument provides an authentic experience which cannot be substituted by any representation. However, any interventions to improve accessibility should be made carefully, so as not to alter the monument’s character, or damage it visually or structurally. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical approach model was defined in the PROSPELASIS project for the improvement of accessibility in monuments which was applied in Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki. This approach contains the following steps: evaluation of existing accessibility level; definition of alternative solutions; creation of final studies, approval by archaeological authorities and implementation of interventions. Findings In six major Byzantine monuments significant improvements were realized which include: installation of two lifts and creation of a new staircase at Acheiropoietos; creation of a metal bridge, a new staircase and installation of a lift at Rotunda; opening of the secondary gate and creation of a ramp at the Heptapyrgion fortress; creation of an accessible toilet at the Saint Demetrios church; installation in the six monuments of a WiFi system providing text and audible information as well as information in Greek and International Sign Language; creation of two tactile models; creation of a “cultural route” connecting three major Byzantine monuments. Originality/value For the first time, to the knowledge, a set of interventions has been realized in Byzantine monuments focusing on various categories of people with disabilities, i.e. motor, visual, hearing and cognitive.
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Watts, Christopher M. "Counter-monuments and the Perdurance of Place." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28, no. 3 (March 6, 2018): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977431700097x.
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In this paper, I critically examine contemporary commemorative forms and practices known as ‘counter-monuments’ from an archaeological standpoint, in the process interrogating the conceptual underpinnings of the monument taxon as it is currently understood. Drawing on Tim Ingold's notion of perdurance, and through an exploration of counter-monumental concerns with form, siting and proxemics, I argue that memorialization can be seen as relationally emergent in the experiences of particular places. This claim is advanced through a discussion of the Cedar Creek Earthworks, a Woodland Period (c. 1–1550 ad) enclosure near Windsor, Canada, whose status as a monument can be understood, not as an ostentatious appeal to past events, but as a magnet for drawing out and assembling human and non-human relations in place.
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Heinrichs, K., and R. Azzam. "Investigation of Salt Weathering on Stone Monuments by Use of a Modern Wireless Sensor Network Exemplified for the Rock-Cut Monuments in Petra/Jordan – A Research Project (2010 – 2013)." International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era 1, no. 2 (June 2012): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.1.2.191.
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Experience has shown that salt weathering represents a major cause of damage on stone monuments. Despite many years of intensive research, processes of salt weathering still can not be explained satisfactorily. The lack of knowledge impedes reliable damage prognosis as well as selection and implementation of appropriate and sustainable monument preservation measures. The overall aim of the “petraSalt” research project is to improve knowledge of salt weathering on stone monuments. The methodological approach combines assessment of weathering damage and monument exposure characteristics, laboratory analysis of salt loading and continuous monument environmental monitoring by use of innovative wireless sensor network technology. In order to ensure findings of high transferability, the rock-cut monuments of Petra / Jordan were selected for studies, as stone type and spectra of monument exposure regimes, environmental influences, salt loading and weathering damage are very representative for a multitude of stone monuments worldwide.
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Di Valerio, Eugenio. "The Western Necropolis of Cyrene: the Wadi Belghadir road." Libyan Studies 50 (July 2, 2019): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2019.17.
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AbstractThe Western Necropolis represents one of the most monumental and spectacular sections of the Cyrene cemeteries, with rock-cut monuments, still quite well preserved, along a funerary road. The earliest examples of monumental tombs in this context date to the second half of the sixth and the beginning of the fifth centuries BC, with tombs displaying rock-cut porticos in Doric, Aeolic or Ionic styles, and with the slightly later tombs having architectonic facades characterized by false ‘contracted’ porticos and overhanging lintels ending with twoacroteria, mainly dating to the fifth century. The fourth century and the Hellenistic age, in this section of the necropolis, is attested by rock-cut chamber tombs, often with painted Doric friezes, and loculi. In Roman times, apart from a few examples of new tombs, most of the Roman funerary monuments reuse earlier tombs or are tombs that have been in constant use from previous periods. These phenomena of transformation and reuse of earlier monuments are quite well know for Cyrene, but are more evident from the middle and late imperial period; in later periods we even see the total re-functionalization of the monument. The monumental appearance of the Western Necropolis and its location in a quite remote area, are unfortunately the main reasons for the destruction of the tombs, which have been quite heavily looted: marble statues, busts and portraits have particularly suffered.
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Bodel, John. "Monumental villas and villa monuments." Journal of Roman Archaeology 10 (1997): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400014719.
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Schatt-Babińska, Katarzyna. "Finansowanie prac remontowych przy zabytkach prywatnych – akredytywa i gwarancja bankowa w służbie zabytkom. Zarys problematyki." Santander Art and Culture Law Review, no. 1 (6) (2020): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.20.004.12388.
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Financing renovation works on private monuments – letters of credit and bank guarantees in the service of monuments. Outline of issues According to the law, the owner of a monument must take care of it properly. His duties include carrying out necessary repairs to the monument, including covering their costs (Articles 5 and 28 of the Act of 23rd July 2003 on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments). This article will analyze the possibility of securing necessary funds for renovation in the event that a monument is sold by the local government to a private investor. Typically, the guarantor of a bilateral agreement is an independent third party. In commercial transactions, a bank is often used as a guarantor (as an independent institution). There are two particularly noteworthy options used by banks in this context: letters of credit and bank guarantees. These are solutions which have been tested and relied upon in trade. So why not make use of proven methods from trade and apply them to the protection of monuments? Although this would require the introduction of specific solutions via legal provisions, it is worth considering such changes, as they could protect monuments from destruction.
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Ravvin, Norman. "Placed Upon the Landscape, Casting Shadows: Jewish Canadian Monuments and Other Forms of Memory." Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes 31 (May 18, 2021): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.40212.
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This essay explores monuments, including the National Holocaust Monument in Ottawa, and gravestones in Jewish cemeteries in Montreal and Vancouver. Alongside these sites it considers how Canadian Jewish literature presents possibilities for Jewish history and language to mark the Canadian landscape though a consideration of Leonard Cohen and Eli Mandel. A discussion of Canadian monuments is relevant in light of recent demonstrations focused on removing statues and monuments from parks and government buildings. The essay contrasts community-inspired projects like Vancouver’s Holocaust memorial with Ottawa’s “National”monument, whose unveiling prompted a discussion about appropriate ways to represent history.Cet essai explore les monuments, y compris le monument national de l’Holocauste à Ottawa, et les pierres tombales des cimetières juifs de Montréal et de Vancouver. Parallèlement à ces sites, il examine comment la littérature juive canadienne, notamment les écrits de Leonard Cohen et Eli Mandel, offre des opportunités pour l’histoire et la langue juives de marquer le paysage canadien. Une discussion sur les monuments canadiens est pertinente à la lumière des récentes manifestations visant à retirer les statues et les monuments des parcs et des édifices gouvernementaux. L’essai met en contraste des projets d’inspiration communautaire comme le mémorial de l’Holocauste de Vancouver et le monument « national » d’Ottawa, dont le dévoilement a suscité une discussion sur les moyens appropriés de représenter l’histoire.
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Shvydenko, Olga. "DEFINITION OF PROTECTION ZONES FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE MONUMENTS AND OBJECTS." Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 16, no. 2022 (2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2022.16.052.
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Only part of the historical heritage that has a legal status as a "monument", is on the protection of the Ukrainian state. Because now the process of creating a national geospatial database is underway in Ukraine, it is necessary to determine the actual protection zones for all these monuments. The method of determining protection zones for cultural monuments, which is enshrined in Ukrainian law now, doesn't include all types of monuments. It applies only to architectural monuments, including separate buildings and ensembles. After the repeal of the decree that applied to all types of monuments in 2002, the method of determining protection zones for the historical monuments, archeological monuments, objects of monumental art, objects of science and technology, historical landscapes, and historical gardens isn't defined. It is recommended to expand the range of the protected architectural heritage by including in protection zones all objects of valuable historical buildings in the historical cities. Thus, it is proposed to link the protection zones not only with separate monuments and ensembles but also with the most valuable areas of historic cities. In order not to provoke subjectivity and misusage, it is necessary to fix in the legal field the method of defining protection zones for those types of monuments that are not currently described. There is a possibility to partly use old practice when the protection zones define as a circle around the base point of the monuments. It can use for single small objects which sizes aren't more than 3х3 m. But for all other objects, the protection zones should be defined around the territory of the monuments. They should consider the specific requirements for the preservation of specific types of monuments, such as the possible boundaries of mass graves that cannot be established visually, or the possible shifting of land layers when establishing the boundaries of archaeological sites. It is also necessary to consider the conditions of the visual perception of the monuments, which depend on the environment in which these monuments are located. A separate legal issue is to define protection zones for monuments that have been included in the protection lists before the setting of modern rules for the description of cultural heritage sites. The methodology for defining protection zones should take into account the existence of such errors in the descriptions and clearly define the procedure at these rates.
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Murphy, Kaitlin M. "Fear and loathing in monuments: Rethinking the politics and practices of monumentality and monumentalization." Memory Studies 14, no. 6 (December 2021): 1143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211054271.
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Monuments—and the function and import of monumentality and practices of monumentalization—are currently under incredible scrutiny. Should historical statues of racist figures and pasts be left as they are or removed and destroyed? Should they be rehomed in statue parks intended as final resting places for disgraced statues? Or should they be left but with additional monuments and memorials added to their surroundings to provide further context? At the root of these debates is a fundamental inquiry about not just what monuments are but, more importantly, what monuments are intended to do for and within a body politic. In scholarly dialogue with Doss, Santino, Savage, Young, and others, I assert that we need to reorient and expand our thinking about monuments. I argue that monuments function as speech acts, and although they rarely speak for an entire body politic, monuments play a critical role in shaping historical narratives and cultural reckoning with racist, brutally violent pasts and their lived afterlives. Moreover, while in many respects backward-facing, monuments are also profoundly future-facing in the values and narratives they symbolize and articulate and the kinds of spaces and community practices they have the potential to cultivate. I analyze two different monument projects: Aida Šehović’s transnational nomadic monument to the Srebrenica genocide, ŠTO TE NEMA, and Landmarked, Ada Pinkston’s embodied replacement and reimagining of spaces where Confederate and slavery monuments used to be in the Eastern United States. These monument projects, I argue, challenge us to revisit the politics and practices of monumentality and monumentalization in relation to unworked-through racist pasts and, in this incredible moment of reckoning and crisis, suggest new possibilities for how we understand—and cultivate—monuments moving forward.
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Lima, Wesley dos Santos. "MONUMENTOS POLÍTICOS OU A POLÍTICA DOS MONUMENTOS? OS SIMBOLISMOS NA PRAÇA DOS GIRASSÓIS EM PALMAS, TO." Revista da Casa da Geografia de Sobral (RCGS) 22, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35701/rcgs.v22n1.482.
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O artigo em questão objetiva analisar os monumentos como instrumentos políticos dotado de simbolismos na Praça dos Girassóis em Palmas–TO, considerando que os monumentos construídos ao redor da Praça dos Girassóis dispõem de sentidos e significados, simbolismo e representações, e que também são indiferentes para a construção dos espaços de afetividade e de memória dos cidadãos que residem na capital do Tocantins.
Palavras-chave: Monumentos, política, simbolismo.
ABSTRACT
The following paper aims to examine the monuments as political instruments filled with symbolism on “Praça dos Girassóis”, in Palmas, TO, given that the monuments built around the Girassóis’ square have senses and meanings, symbolism and representation, and also are indifferent for the construction of the spaces of affection and memory of citizens living in the capital of Tocantins.
Keywords: Monuments, politic, symbolism.
RESUMEN
El artículo actual tiene por finalidad analizar los monumentos como instrumentos políticos dotados de simbolismos en la “Plaza de los Girasoles”, en Palmas–TO, considerando que los monumentos construidos alrededor de la Plaza de los Girasoles tienen sentidos y significados, simbolismo y representaciones, y también que son indiferentes para la construcción de los espacios de afectividad y de memoria de los ciudadanos que habitan en la capital de Tocantins.
Palabras clave: Monumentos. Política. Simbolismos.
RÉSUMÉ
L'article en question vise à analyser les monuments en tant qu'instruments politiques dotés de symbolisme sur la Praça dos Girassóis (Place des Turnesols) à Palmas - TO, étant donné que les monuments construits autour de la place ont des sens et des significations, du symbolisme et des représentations, et qu'ils sont également indifférents à la construction d'espaces d'affection et de mémoire des citoyens qui résident dans la capitale du Tocantins.
Mots-clés: monuments, politique, symbolisme.
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Thorstensen, Erik. "The Places of Memory in a Square of Monuments: Conceptions of Past, Freedom and History at Szabadság Tér." Hungarian Cultural Studies 5 (January 1, 2012): 94–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2012.71.
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In this paper I try to approach contemporary Hungarian political culture through an analysis of the history of changing monuments at Szabadság Tér in Budapest. The paper has as its point of origin a protest/irredentist monument facing the present Soviet liberation monument. In order to understand this irredentist monument, I look into the meaning of the earlier irredentist monuments under Horthy and try to see what monuments were torn down under Communism and which ones remained. I further argue that changes in the other monuments also affect the meaning of the others. From this background I enter into a brief interpretation of changes in memory culture in relation to changes in political culture. The conclusions point toward the fact that Hungary is actively pursuing a cleansing of its past in public spaces, and that this process is reflected in an increased acceptance of political authoritarianism.
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Tatić, Dušan, Radomir S. Stanković, Marko Jovanović, and Jovan Stojanović. "Application of Geolocation Module in the Electronic Multimedia Guide." Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 13 (September 1, 2023): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2023.13.10.
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The paper presents the work in progress towards the enhancement of features and increasing the comfort of usability of the multimedia guide for the War Museum of Niš under the Open Sky. Previously, this electronic guide was realized as a mobile application that informs visitors about the persons and events to which monuments in the city of Niš are dedicated. Visitors could access information about the monuments through a list of monuments or by using an interactive map with the location of the monuments marked. Presently, we are introducing a new module that will improve user experience through the usage of location-based services. The visitor's location is used by the Geolocation module to show the information about the nearby monument. The monument has to be inside of a predefined radius (e.g. 2 m or more) in order to activate the projection of the information about the monument.
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Naniopoulos, Aristotelis, and Panagiotis Tsalis. "A methodology for facing the accessibility of monuments developed and realised in Thessaloniki, Greece." Journal of Tourism Futures 1, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-03-2015-0007.
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Purpose Archaeological sites and monuments, by their nature, do not allow major interventions to their structure, in order to abolish the obstacles that make them inaccessible. Any interventions should be made sensitively and carefully, so as not to alter the monument’s character or damage it, either visually or structurally. The project “PROSPELASIS” focused on creating a methodology for facing monuments’ accessibility and perceptibility problems for people with disabilities and testing its application at Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The creation of the proposed methodology was based on both research in relevant bibliography and the application of a form of “Delphi method” among involved actors. In this process persons specialized in accessibility and disability issues, persons with disability themselves, as well as employees of the 9th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities, archaeologists and experts in monuments’ restoration, participated. Findings The possible sites of interest for visitors with disabilities examined amount to 20 monuments which document the evolution of Byzantine architecture and are included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List. In six major monuments (Acheiropoietos, Saint Demetrios, Saint Nicholaos Orphanos, Hagia Sofia, Rotunda, Heptapyrgion Fortress) significant accessibility improvements were realized in order to verify the methodology proposed. Practical implications A practical tool for improving monuments’ accessibility has been developed, open for use by any interested body. Social implications The application of the methodology developed is beneficial for the promotion of the equality and non-discrimination principles. Originality/value The successful implementation of the proposed methodology and the importance that accessibility improvement of monumental sites has in the attraction of visitors with restricted mobility and perceptibility and the development of accessible tourism, constitute the results of this project not only pertinent to Thessaloniki or Greece, but worthy of a wider application.
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Manica, Katrina-Eve N. "Imperial Canada as a training ground for empire." Sculpture Journal 33, no. 2 (June 2024): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sj.2024.33.2.04.
Full textAbstract:
This article uses decolonial methods to examine four monuments in St Paul’s Cathedral which are associated with the settler-colonial state of Canada. It also demonstrates strategies for Indigenizing the pantheon to reassert viewership beyond imperial narratives which have been inscribed into British and Canadian histories. The four monuments are George Edward Wade’s bust John A. Macdonald (c. 1881–92), Sir Richard Westmacott’s monument to Major-General Isaac Brock (c. 1815), Carlo Panati’s monument to John Hawley Glover (c. 1886–87), and Francis Derwent Wood’s monument to John Eardley Wilmot Inglis (1896). Through these monuments, the article wrestles with, and troubles, the mythos of ‘Canadian’ identity as written into settler-colonial narratives and the ongoing pressures of colonialism throughout Canada. Importantly, the article articulates Indigenous presences – the Shawnee, Inuit and Mi’kmaq – and perseverances at the core of each monument, and further demonstrates that the presence of Black refugees in Nova Scotia and the Hausa people of West Africa are key to understanding and witnessing these monuments in St Paul’s Cathedral.
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Dickerman, Leah. "Monumental Propaganda." October 165 (August 2018): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00328.
Full textAbstract:
“Monumental Propaganda” compares the use of monuments by the Soviet Union and supporters of the Southern side in the American Civil War—in particular, the way they claimed ideological territory by proliferating statues of Lenin and Robert E. Lee, respectively. To answer the question of whether an alternative commemorative landscape might be imaginable, the essay turns to The Negro in Virginia (1940), a book devoted to the historical achievements of black citizenry in America. The book's endpapers present an illustrated map of Virginia indicating sites where black Americans played a critical historical, economic, and/or cultural role. In a book that can itself be seen as a kind of counter-monument to those extolling the Lost Cause, the map presents a vision of monuments that might have been.
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Parihar, Seema. "Salvaging, Transplantation and Reconstruction of Heritage Sites, Techniques and Problems: A Study of the Submerged Temple of Bilaspur District in Himachal Pradesh." Indian Historical Review 46, no. 1 (June 2019): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983618756397.
Full textAbstract:
The work of safe removal of cultural heritage sites and ancient monuments of any region is known as ‘salvage archaeology’, and the work of relocating the sites and monuments is known as ‘transplantation’ of the sites and monuments. Before a monument is transplanted physically, it is primarily studied in detail for its constructional style and methods of bonding the different materials used, the type of foundation orientation and the setting of the monuments, that is, its environment.
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Pearson, Mike Parker, Ros Cleal, Peter Marshall, Stuart Needham, Josh Pollard, Colin Richards, Clive Ruggles, et al. "The age of Stonehenge." Antiquity 81, no. 313 (September 1, 2007): 617–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00095624.
Full textAbstract:
Stonehenge is the icon of British prehistory, and continues to inspire ingenious investigations and interpretations. A current campaign of research, being waged by probably the strongest archaeological team ever assembled, is focused not just on the monument, but on its landscape, its hinterland and the monuments within it. The campaign is still in progress, but the story so far is well worth reporting. Revisiting records of 100 years ago the authors demonstrate that the ambiguous dating of the trilithons, the grand centrepiece of Stonehenge, was based on samples taken from the wrong context, and can now be settled at 2600-2400 cal BC. This means that the trilithons are contemporary with Durrington Walls, near neighbour and Britain's largest henge monument. These two monuments, different but complementary, now predate the earliest Beaker burials in Britain – including the famous Amesbury Archer and Boscombe Bowmen, but may already have been receiving Beaker pottery. All this contributes to a new vision of massive monumental development in a period of high European intellectual mobility….
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Kang, Nari. "Process of Developing of the Labor Mobilization System in the 6th Century of Silla." Paek-San Society 127 (December 31, 2023): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52557/tpsh.2023.127.145.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is part of a study on the development process of the labor mobilization system and the mobilization method in 6th century of the Silla, and among them, the inscriptions from the first three periods are the subject of this study. The mobilization system of <the Cheongjebi Monument with Inscription of “Byeongjin Year”>(536) is understood to be a temporary organization for the construction of the Cheongje, since it has not been seen since then. This is a characteristic of the period in which the reverse labor mobilization system was not yet in place. Through the examination of two <Myeonghwalseongbi Monuments>(551), it can be seen that various reverse mobilization systems were in operation at the time of the construction of the Myeonghwalseong Fortress. By the way, <the Ojakbi Monument>(578) also has the same job title system as <the Myeonghwalseongbi Monuments>, but it also has similarities with <the Namsanshinseongbi Monuments>(591). Thus, <the Myeonghwalseongbi Monuments> and <the Ojakbi Monument> share similarities in the labor mobilization organization of the various construction works. Therefore, <the Myeonghwalseongbi Monuments> and <the Ojakbi Monument> phases can be understood as a transitional period from <the Cheongjebi Monument with Inscription of “Byeongjin Year”> phase, when a temporary mobilization organization was organized for the construction work, to a phase when the mobilization system for the construction work was being developed in a certain direction.