Journal articles on the topic 'Monument'
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1
Pereira, Edilson. "MONUMENTOS URBANOS E ARTE PÚBLICA: OS OBELISCOS EM ROTAÇÃO / Urban monuments and public art: the obelisks in rotation." Arte e Ensaios 27, no. 41 (July 24, 2021): 251–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37235/ae.n41.14.
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Este ensaio aborda uma forma monumental antiga e muito disseminada no mundo – o obelisco e suas variações – para refletir sobre a importância desse artefato estético e sociocultural até o último século, quando passa a interagir com questões oriundas dos debates propostos pela “arte pública”. Considerando os usos históricos e contemporâneos dos monumentos verticais não figurativos, abordo algumas intervenções e instalações artísticas, focalizando monumentos públicos, para mapear as estratégias de subversão das formas e sentidos a eles atribuídos. Demonstro que certos monumentos são objeto de várias intervenções ao longo do tempo, enquanto algumas instalações artísticas se apresentam como contramonumentos em sintonia com os princípios de participação e debate público que animam os valores democráticos.Palavras-chave: Obelisco; Monumento público; Arte pública; Paisagem urbana; Contramonumento. AbstractThis essay discusses an ancient monumental form and very widespread in the world – the obelisk and its variations – to reflect on the importance of this aesthetic and sociocultural artifact until the last century, when it started to interact with issues arising from the debates proposed by the “public art”. Considering the historical and contemporary uses of vertical non-figurative monuments, I address some interventions and artistic installations focusing on public monuments to map the subversion of the forms and meanings canonically attributed to such artifacts. There are cases in which a monument is the object of several interventions over time, and others, complementary, in which the proposal is to constitute a counter-monument in line with the principles of participation and public debate that animate democratic societies. Keywords: Obelisk; Public monument; Public art; Urban landscape; Counter-monument.
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Kurienė, Viktorija. "What Was Protected by the State in Vilnius and Nowogródek Voivodeships Between 1928 and 1939? Evaluation and Listing of Cultural Monuments." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 47 (July 14, 2021): 30–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2021.47.2.
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This article focuses on the process of monument listing, done by conservators of Vilnius in interwar Poland and which provided the monuments state protection. Between 1931 and 1939, monument conservators made 202 decisions confirming monumental value to various objects of architecture, urbanistics, archeology and nature. In the text the listing and evaluation process is described by analyzing the register of monuments and the decisions it was based on. The documents from the archive of the Art Department of Vilnius voivodeship are used in the article. The analysis of the register of monuments is based on statistical methods. Interpretation and evaluation are based on analytical and comparative methods. The research leads to findings that monument listing was dominated by architecture. Objects of nature were announced monuments based on their cultural value. Officially the status of a monument was given on the grounds of its aesthetics, age or documental value. However, the inner motive was Polishness. Thus, the most frequent monuments were baroque Catholic churches. The patriotic context is also seen in nature protection. The process of monument listing was led by only one expert – a conservator of monuments. The monument status and state protection depended on their interests, expertise and power. The conservator cooperated only with a small group of Polish authority and intelligentsia, leaving the majority of society out of this heritage process. The decision confirming monumental value was a way to control and have an impact directly on the monument’s existence, indirectly – on the discourse of memory. The monument listing reveals values and identities of a Polish art historian working for the state. Consequently, these values and identities were projected for the whole society as universal. This type of discourse on heritage, conception and practice was common in Western countries in the 20th c.
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Márquez, Francisca, and Valentina Rozas-Krause. "Occupying and Reclaiming a National Historical Monument." Latin American Perspectives 43, no. 6 (September 22, 2016): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16666342.
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Conceptual and ethnographic examination of the ideology that has given form to one of Chile’s most representative national historical monuments, the Casa Central of the Universidad de Chile, indicates that monuments are a complex social construction of historically situated ideologies and practices and that, simply by being artifacts, they are always at risk of never achieving unanimity as to their truth. The controversial nature of the monument’s meaning presents us with a problem with regard to its verisimilitude and its incorporation into a shared history. It may be suggested that the historical meaning of a monument is manifested in its commemoration and in corporal uses and practices. Un examen conceptual y etnográfico de la ideología que le ha dado forma a la Casa Central de la Universidad de Chile—uno de los monumentos históricos nacionales más representativos del país— revela que un monumento es una construcción social compleja de ideologías y prácticas situadas en un contexto histórico y que, simplemente por ser un artefacto, siempre correremos el riesgo de nunca alcanzar unanimidad en cuanto a su verdad. La naturaleza controvertida del significado del monumento nos plantea un problema con relación a su verosimilitud y a su incorporación en una historia compartida. Podemos decir que el significado histórico de un monumento se manifiesta en su conmemoración y en usos y prácticas corporales.
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Popadić, Milan. "What makes a good monument?: Theoretical starting points to the heritological interpretation of commemorative values in the city space." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 53, no. 1 (2023): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp53-40834.
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The initial research question in this paper is whether the predispositions for the evaluation of contemporary monumental culture in the city can be determined in the context of heritological research. In order to reach a possible answer, it is necessary to first determine the meaning of the word 'monument', and then present the dominant interpretations of what makes a 'good' monument. Thus, the paper starts from abstracted experiences concerning the place of monuments in the urban structure, then pays attention to issues of material, shape, and meaning, as well as multiple identities of monuments in the city. Finally, the basic theoretical starting points for the valorization of monuments are determined, which point out the relationship between commemorative values, monumental identities, and urban structure. The aim of this paper is to offer a synthesis of the heritological approach, which could then serve as a model for the analysis of contemporary monumental culture in the city. We can express this approach in the following way: the city is viewed as a heritage corpus, as a function of the relationship of material, form and meaning that is associated with its identities (conceptual, factual, and actual). Hence the initial answer to the question of what the city is through the prism of heritology: the city is a heritage corpus that evokes the maximum of memory in a minimum of space. What would then be a monument-in-a-city? The monumentin-the-city is a point of high commemorative value, an element that activates the memory potential of the urban structure. Thus, we get a basis for answering the question of what makes a 'good' monument: a good monument is one that satisfies the requirement of intensive commemorativeness (ie communicativeness of memory contents) in the city, while a 'bad' monument is what is insufficient in the mentioned sense.
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Caponigri, Felicia. "Malleable monuments and comparative cultural property law: The Balbo monument between the United States and Italy." International Journal of Constitutional Law 19, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 1710–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab136.
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Abstract Still standing in situ today, the Balbo monument in Chicago has presented an especially monumental challenge for the Chicago community, including members of the Italian American community in Chicago. This article considers the laws which regulate cultural heritage in the separate territories of Italy and the United States, cultural property law and historic preservation law, respectively, in light of archival research on the behind-the-scenes maneuvers of the Balbo monument’s installation. In certain circumstances, historic property is not the same as cultural property, even though historic property and cultural property may at times overlap. Identity may more greatly inform one category over another through the law’s terminology, connections to place, and resulting historical connections. The central proposal of this article is that some monuments, as they are defined with reference to history under the law, seem so specific to certain histories and historical narratives that they might be meant to be, perhaps counterintuitively, malleable monuments. Despite their characterization as historic property or cultural property, malleable monuments should, can, and, at times, already do, proverbially bend to our shifting and evolving notions of identity as they are inevitably tied to our histories. In Italy, “malleable” may mean tangible monuments with changing symbolism and cultural significance; in the United States, “malleable” may mean embodied symbolism and cultural significance with the impermanence of tangible monuments. Permanence is not definitive of malleable monuments’ existence; rather, impermanence is. Recognizing the complexity of what it means to be Italian in America today through the Balbo monument, the article concludes, may mean accepting the Balbo monument as a malleable monument.
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Sutton, Deborah. "Sacred architectures as monuments: a study of the Kalkaji Mandir, Delhi." Architectural Research Quarterly 26, no. 1 (March 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135522000380.
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This article considers the relationship between architecture, bodies, and custodies in the making of Indian urban monuments. Monuments are created through a combination of design and designation. In this article I explore a religious architecture that is dynamic and iterative and at which monumental designation was attempted and quickly abandoned. I align three issues: what a monument looks like, what a monument does, and how both design and function connect to the custodian regimes at monumental, or potentially monumental, sites. In particular, I am concerned with architectures of divinity, and devotion, as both quotidian and monumental aspects of a city.
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Purcell, Sarah J. "Commemoration, Public Art, and the Changing Meaning of the Bunker Hill Monument." Public Historian 25, no. 2 (2003): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2003.25.2.55.
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The controversy over a 1998 public art project by Krzysztof Wodiczko at the Bunker Hill Monument dramatizes how the meanings of monuments are subject to constant renegotiation. Reaction to Wodiczko's art, which used the monument to comment on crime in Charlestown, Massachusetts, demonstrated both changes and continuities in the understandings of monuments since the Bunker Hill Monument was first designed in the 1820s. Both Wodiczko and the monument's original planners defined it as a tool capable of providing "eternal" recognition of heroism and sacrifice. Experimental projects may have great power to teach the public about the changing meaning of the past.
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Giguere, Joy M. "The (Im)Movable Monument." Public Historian 41, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 56–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.4.56.
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Despite Kentucky’s status as a Union state during the Civil War, the Louisville Confederate Soldiers’ Monument, erected in 1895 by the Kentucky Confederate Women’s Monument Association, is a representative example of Confederate memorialization in the South. Its history through the twentieth century, culminating in the creation of the nearby Freedom Park to counterbalance the monument’s symbolism and its ultimate removal and relocation to nearby Brandenburg, Kentucky, in 2017, reveals the relationship between such monuments and the Lost Cause, urban development, public history, and public memory. Using the Louisville Confederate Monument as a case study, this essay considers the ways in which Confederate monuments not only reflect the values of the people who erected them, but ultimately shape and are shaped by their environments.
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Hadi, Cipta, and Restu Minggra. "REDEFINISI ARSITEKTUR MONUMEN PERJUANGAN DI INDONESIA: ARSITEKTUR MONUMEN SEBAGAI REFLEKSI CITA-CITA." Jurnal Arsitektur ZONASI 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v4i2.33895.
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Apakah ekspresi arsitektur monument perjuangan bisa lebih dari sekadar peringatan peristiwa lampau? Bagaimana memperkenalkan kembali skala manusia pada arsitektur monument di Indonesia? Tulisan ini mengenai ulasan proyek sebagai riset desain untuk menemukan jawaban dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut. Arsitektur monumen perjuangan di Indonesia memiliki makna dan ekspresi yang terbatas dan gagal dalam memenuhi fungsinya sebagai ruang publik bagi manusia. Melalui kompetisi desain monumen perjuangan Balikpapan yang diadakan Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia (IAI) dilakukan eksplorasi sebuah ide desain monumen tanpa ‘monumen’. Dilakukan studi literatur sebagai dasar teori memahami makna monumen dan monumental, serta studi preseden dari karya-karya arsitek yang menerapkan pendekatan desain berdasarkan dasar teori tersebut. Riset ini menggunakan dasar teori anti-monumental dan dialogical sebagai pendekatan dalam mendesain. Desain monumen ini merupakan upaya menambah nilai entitas tidak hanya sebagai peringatan peristiwa lampau, namun juga sebagai penyongsong cita-cita masa depan dan memperkenalkan kembali skala manusia pada arsitektur monumen.
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DOROKHOV, V. B., N. YU PINTELIN, and D. YU ZHELDAKOV. "INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY REGIME OF BURIED VOLUMES ON THE PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS WITH MONUMENTAL PAINTINGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TRANSFIGURATION CHURCH IN POLOTSK." Building and reconstruction 98, no. 6 (2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2021-98-6-43-49.
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The heat and humidity regime of the buried parts can be essential, and sometimes crucial, for the normalization of the microclimate of the entire monument. The experience of thermophysical studies in church architectural monuments shows a wide range of factors that determine the impact of the temperature and humidity regime of the buried volumes on the formation of conditions for the preservation of the monument as a whole. Currently, the Climate Laboratory of Museums and Architectural Monuments of GOSNIIR conducts research on this problem in order to create a methodology for studying and normalizing the heat and humidity regime of the aboveground and underground parts of the building as a whole to develop design and technological approaches to optimizing the conditions for the preservation of the monument. The article considers a practical example of providing heat and humidity conditions for the preservation of a monument with monumental painting.
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Brant, Linda. "Monuments of Compassion." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 4 (December 1, 2020): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i4.1421.
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The term ‘monument of compassion' is introduced to describe the essential features of the Monument To Animals We Do Not Mourn, as well as other animal monuments. Installed in Hartsdale Pet Cemetery in New York, The Monument To Animals We Do Not Mourn is unconventional in its representation of a marginalized group (farm animals), its challenge to dominant cultural narratives concerning this group, its interactivity, and its atypical location. It is an artist-driven, dialogic monument of dissent, offering cemetery visitors the opportunity to consider the suffering of farm animals in the same space that they mourn their beloved companion animals. The monument extends compassion to farm animals and affirms their value as individual beings, worthy of a full and natural life. Visitors who resonate with the monument’s message are invited to leave a stone at its base. As the stones accumulate, they will be collected and used to create another monument of compassion for typically unmourned animals.
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Kuriakose, Jacob, Dr Pinki Nayak, Lokesh Meena, and Jyoti Parashar. "Monument Tracker: Deep Learning Approach for Indian Heritage." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 10 (October 31, 2023): 1381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56213.
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Abstract: Monuments are physical structures built to commemorate a person or event. Their importance to the region necessitates their documentation and upkeep. Due to the many variations in how various monuments are built, monument recognition is a challenging task in the field of picture classification. The various angles of the building are critical in identifying the monuments in photographs. As more international landmarks and monuments are covered, there is a greater need to connect a structure's physical presence to its digital presence. As a result, the monument's automated recognition is enabled. Monuments represent the culturally rich legacy of people of all ethnicities, castes, and faiths. It reflects tremendous achievements in art and architecture, and it also serves as the backbone of the surrounding region's socioeconomic progress through tourism. As an important historical and cultural heritage asset, the monument must be digitally recognized and archived. The monument photographs should be identified and described to aid in the preservation of people's cultures from various locations. The goal of this project is to present a method for classifying different monuments based on the characteristics of the monument photographs. Machine Learning and Deep Learning are advancing, speeding up advances in image recognition and allowing computer vision to reach new heights. The results with Baseline Model had an overall accuracy of 73.2%. After using Transfer Learning, we achieved an overall accuracy of 94.5% with VGG16 Architecture, Inception with an accuracy of 91.2% and Resnet50 with an accuracy of 85.5%.
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Montoro, Pedro R., and Marcos Ruiz. "Incidental visual memory and metamemory for a famous monument." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 84, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 771–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-022-02472-9.
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AbstractIn the context of urban life, some monuments are ecologically relevant landmarks for some people. However, previous research on the topic of incidental memory of everyday settings has relatively ignored how people remember monuments from their environments. The present work examined visual memory (i.e., recall and recognition) and metamemory for the Puerta de Alcalá (“Alcalá Gate” in English), a famous ornamental monument in the city of Madrid (Spain). Despite the monument’s perceptual simplicity, participants showed poor visual memory of it in a recall task (drawings), as only 16% of them correctly drew the monument; moreover, only 45% of the participants correctly recognized it in a four-alternative forced-choice test. In contrast, participants reported higher levels of confidence for both recall and recognition (51.57 ± 20.5 and 79.54 ± 19.6, respectively on a 100-point scale). Importantly, memory performance did not vary as a function of the number of years lived near the monument or of the self-reported contact frequency (familiarity) with the monument. The current findings have relevant implications in understanding the link between visual attention, memory, and metamemory in real-world settings.
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İnqlab qızı İsmayılova, Tünzalə. "The existence of words in Chakhol monuments." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/120-123.
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Chakhol monuments are included in the Yenisei monuments. The name of the monument is associated with the name of the river of the same name, which flows into the Yenisei River. The number of Chakhol monuments is 11. The monument contains Turkish and borrowed lyrics. Words of Turkish origin predominate in the monument. Since the monument does not reflect historical events, it has been studied by more linguists. Key words: The old İnscriptions, Yenisei İnscriptions, Chakhol monuments, words, lexicology
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Herasymenko, I., and S. Maksymov. "PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUATION OF MONUMENTS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.47.
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The article analyzes the current state of the regulatory framework governing the valuation of cultural monuments, in particular, the Monetary Valuation of Monuments approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated September 26, 2002 No. 1447. The classification of conservation categories by a monument (national and local significance) and types of monuments (archeology, history, monumental art, architecture and urban planning, landscape gardening art, historical landscape, science and technology) is given. The main problem in determining the value of monuments is to take into account not only the material factors of the monuments and its degree of wear, but also the consideration of its intangible factors, such as its historical, social, artistic value, the presence of objects of decorative art. That is, the cost of buildings-monuments of cultural heritage is formed: – due to the cost of the material “carrier” (land with improvements in the form of buildings, structures, small forms, etc.); – due to the value of the contribution of the intangible asset to the carrier. The article also describes the main problems that arise when assessing such objects (the presence of a monument’s status, the lack of an information base on market transactions, high operating costs, the need for restoration work, and high investment risks). The factors raising and lowering the value of a cultural heritage monument are characterized. Based on the analysis of the current regulatory framework, it was decided to develop practical recommendations for determining the value of real estate – monuments of architecture and urban planning, in particular built-in premises.
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Vadimovich Griger, Maxim, Enzhe Midhatovna Dusaeva, and Igor Vladimirovich Vostrikov. "CREATING A MEMORY OF A SAINT: FRANCIS OF ASSISI IN ITALIAN MONUMENTAL PROPAGANDA OF THE 19TH-21ST CENTURIES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (October 19, 2019): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7578.
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Purpose: This article explores the mechanisms of constructing cultural memory in Italy in the 19th – 21st centuries on the example of the history of the erection of monuments dedicated to St. Francis of Assisi. They are interested only in the monuments placed in urban areas. This way they analyze “appropriation” of St. Francis by secular society. It is explained why this medieval saint became the hero of the national cultural pantheon of united Italy and in 1939 the holy Patron of Fascist Italy.
Methodology: We studded the monuments putting them in historical and cultural context, searching for information about customers, funds, sculptors, placement, and meaning
Result: There studded following questions: who was the customer of the monument, what was the main purpose of the customer(s), the historical and cultural context of monuments erection, the choice of the space for the monument, the composition of the monument, and others. Based on it step-by-step it is reconstructed the evolution of St. Francis’s monumental commemoration on the wide field of general changes in the cultural requests of Italian society and the state. The authors show the cultural aspects of commemorating.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Creating a memory of a saint: Francis of Assisi in Italian Monumental Propaganda of the 19th-21st centuries is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
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Vierda, Vjekoslav. "Restoration of monuments and tourism." Tourism and hospitality management 1, no. 2 (December 15, 1995): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.1.2.14.
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The article considers the relationship between renewal of monuments and tourism from the aspect of a mutual experience of the future cultural historical monuments, as a part of a nation’s total cultural heritage and as one of the most important preconditions for tourism development. Renewal of monuments is partly aimed at increasing the attractiveness of the tourism offer; at the same time it displays the relationship of a given tourist destination towards a country’s cultural heritage and surroundings, and is a part of real tourism trends. The mutual relationship between renewal of monuments and tourism is considered through two aspects: 1. Renewal of monuments as a precondition for securing a tourist attraction i. e. a monument which is already a tourist attraction, monument renewal as a condition for increasing the attractiveness of the same, and 2. Renewal of monuments as a tourist attraction sui generis, where the scheme of renewal attached to the monument’s attractiveness is given as the initial theme, i.e. means of collecting financial aid for renewal, while a second theme considers the renewal as an attraction sui generis through all phases to finishing the renewal and introducing the monument. Finally, the article gives suggestions on how to organize co-operation between institutions responsible for tourism, i.e. for the protection and renewal of monuments.
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Huebner, Thom, and Supakorn Phoocharoensil. "Monument as semiotic landscape." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 3, no. 2 (October 6, 2017): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.3.2.01hue.
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Abstract As semiotic spaces, monuments convey messages through multiple information design modes, including language, materiality and emplacement. As research on semiotic landscape has pointed out (e.g., Shohamy and Waksman 2009, Abousnnouga and Machin 2010, Train 2016), these messages are often contested in nature and convey competing discourses inherent in the spaces they occupy. This paper explores those competing discourses manifested in a monument dedicated to the 1976 student protest and violent suppression of it by the Thai military and right-wing paramilitary groups. Working within a production of space framework (Lefebvre 1991) and drawing on insights from the grammar of visual design (Kress and van Leeuwen 2006) and nexus analysis (Scollon and Scollon 2004), the paper attempts to show how these contested discourses are reflected in the monument’s historiography as conceived, in its physical appearance and emplacement, and as it is experienced today. The analysis is based on photographic data of the monument and its immediate physical context, published accounts of the events of October 6, and interviews with survivors, commemoration planners, and the monument’s designer.
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Markhasi Rupilu, Moshe, Suyoto, and Albertus Joko Santoso. "The Development of Mobile Application to Introduce Historical Monuments in Manado." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 11012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183111012.
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Learning the historical value of a monument is important because it preserves cultural and historical values, as well as expanding our personal insight. In Indonesia, particularly in Manado, North Sulawesi, there are many monuments. The monuments are erected for history, religion, culture and past war, however these aren’t written in detail in the monuments. To get information on specific monument, manual search was required, i.e. asking related people or sources. Based on the problem, the development of an application which can utilize LBS (Location Based Service) method and some algorithmic methods specifically designed for mobile devices such as Smartphone, was required so that information on every monument in Manado can be displayed in detail using GPS coordinate. The application was developed by KNN method with K-means algorithm and collaborative filtering to recommend monument information to tourist. Tourists will get recommended options filtered by distance. Then, this method was also used to look for the closest monument from user. KNN algorithm determines the closest location by making comparisons according to calculation of longitude and latitude of several monuments tourist wants to visit. With this application, tourists who want to know and find information on monuments in Manado can do them easily and quickly because monument information is recommended directly to user without having to make selection. Moreover, tourist can see recommended monument information and search several monuments in Manado in real time.
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Szymborski, Wiktor. "Tanks on Monuments, Monument Tanks." Trimarium 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 47–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55159/tri.2023.0104.02.
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The purpose of this outline was to introduce the topic of using armored weapons elements in the erection of monuments. The text discusses the issue of “monuments of gratitude” to the Red Army, which often drew on the motif of the tank monument, using a tank of the liberator of a particular locality. Monuments to the brotherhood of arms between the Red Army and the People’s Polish Army are also discussed. Two unique works that were not created by state order and were not propaganda manifestations are discussed next: the monument in Kasina Wielka and the now demolished one in Zyndranowa. In Kasina Wielka, a local artist designed a monument commemorating Polish soldiers who fell in September 1939. The work uses the turret of a Vickers tank, a real rarity since not a single Vickers tank taking part in the operations of the 1939 campaign has survived to this day. Moreover, it shows the grassroots initiative of citizens who wanted to commemorate the clashes in Kasina Wielka. The second monument was erected in Zyndranowa to commemorate the casualties of the 1944 Dukla operation. Importantly, it was again a grassroots initiative. The text discusses the stages of its creation, along with the actions taken by the authorities to dismantle it. The article is supplemented by a table listing “monuments of gratitude” that used elements of World War II military equipment.
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Cahyani, Vinda Regita, and Lutfiah Ayundasari. "Merawat Ingatan Sejarah Lokal Peristiwa Berdarah Pada Agresi Militer II di Desa Peniwen Melalui Monumen Peniwen Affair Malang." Fajar Historia: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah dan Pendidikan 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/fhs.v7i2.12301.
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The Peniwen Affair Monument is one of the monuments located in Peniwen Village, Malang Regency. This monument was erected as a form of appreciation and to commemorate the services of health heroes (PMR) and victims who died during the Bloody Incident during the Second Military Aggression. However, currently, the existence of the Peniwen Affair monument is still underestimated by some local people and even regional government agencies. Researchers consider it important to write a historical study regarding the Peniwen Affair monument with the aim of maintaining historical memory. This research uses a historical method which consists of four stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The Peniwen Affair Monument has the potential for interesting and unique historical tourism so that it can become an icon of community pride. The Peniwen Affair Monument is also clear evidence of the atrocities of KNIL soldiers during the Second Military Aggression in Peniwen Village. The KNIL soldiers' atrocities against the people of Peniwen sparked protests by the Peniwen Christian Congregation led by Ds. Martodipuro to the World Church World Church Council (WCC). This protest was responded to internationally and resulted in world condemnation of the Netherlands for human rights violations and the murder of health workers which was a war crime. Several efforts to revive and remember the history of the Bloody Events of 1949 have begun to exist, but they are limited to a few community groups. This should receive attention and receive support, especially from regional government agencies, especially in maintaining the historical preservation of the Peniwen Affair Monument. Apart from that, it is hoped that the history of the Peniwen Affair Monument can also be presented in learning activities through local history lessons with the aim of maintaining historical memory.Monumen Peniwen Affair merupakan salah satu monumen yang terletak di Desa Peniwen, Kabupaten Malang. Monumen ini didirikan sebagai bentuk penghargaan dan untuk mengenang jasa para pahlawan kesehatan (PMR) serta korban yang telah gugur saat Peristiwa Berdarah pada Agresi Militer II. Namun pada saat ini, keberadaan monumen Peniwen Affair masih dipandang sebelah mata oleh sebagian masyarakat setempat bahkan instansi pemerintahan daerah. Peneliti memandang penting penulisan kajian sejarah mengenai monumen Peniwen Affair dengan tujuan untuk merawat ingatan sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Monumen Peniwen Affair memiliki potensi wisata sejarah yang menarik serta unik sehingga dapat menjadi suatu ikon kebanggaan masyarakat. Monumen Peniwen Affair juga merupakan salah satu bukti nyata kekejaman tentara KNIL saat Agresi Militer II di Desa Peniwen. Kekejaman tentara KNIL terhadap masyarakat Peniwen memicu aksi protes Jemaat Kristen Peniwen yang dipimpin oleh Ds. Martodipuro ke Gereja Dunia World Church Council (WCC). Protes ini ditanggapi oleh internasional dan berujung pada kecaman dunia kepada Belanda atas pelanggaran HAM serta pembunuhan tenaga kesehatan yang merupakan kejahatan perang. Beberapa upaya untuk menghidupkan dan mengingat kembali sejarah Peristiwa Berdarah tahun 1949 sudah mulai ada, namun sebatas beberapa kelompok masyarakat. Seharusnya hal tersebut dapat menjadi perhatian dan mendapat dukungan, terutama dari pihak instansi pemerintahan daerah utamanya dalam menjaga kelestarian sejarah Monumen Peniwen Affair. Selain itu, diharapkan sejarah dari Monumen Peniwen Affair juga dapat dihadirkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran melalui pembelajaran sejarah lokal dengan tujuan untuk merawat ingatan sejarah.
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Ochiai, Akiko. "From Underrepresentation to “Dual Heritage” and Beyond: Contemporary African American Monument-Building." Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal 104, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 320–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/soundings.104.4.0320.
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Abstract The years following the Civil Rights Movement witnessed the erection of African American monuments in traditionally white-dominated public spaces, especially in the South. While this terrestrial integration acknowledges the historic centrality of race, their juxtaposition with former Confederate monuments ironically created a parallel “dual heritage.” Around the turn of the twenty-first century, newer types of counter-monuments contest prior memorialization and proffer a more nuanced history. Since the 2015 Charleston church shooting, calls for removal of old Confederate monuments have been dynamized by the Black Lives Matter movement, particularly following the murder of George Floyd. Using a framework contrasting dialogic with anti-monumental monuments, this essay analyzes the past half-century of African American monument construction to reconsider desegregation of the memorial landscape. In doing so, it further explores new ways of anti-monumental commemoration in the post-Floyd era.
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Jackson, Sarah E., and Joshua Wright. "The Work of Monuments: Reflections on Spatial, Temporal and Social Orientations in Mongolia and the Maya Lowlands." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 24, no. 1 (February 2014): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774314000018.
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In this article, we look at two very different contexts of monument use – Bronze Age Inner Asia and the Classic period Maya lowlands – in order to explore the function and meanings of monuments and the variety of ways in which they worked to mark and differentiate ancient landscapes. Our goal in uniting such disparate contexts is to examine how power and social organization in these settings were translated into monumental material forms, and how such materializations were experienced by those who viewed and re-interpreted the monuments. In particular, we explore how monuments acted as orientational markers within specific cultural contexts. Our discussion finds common ground between the disparate settings through several common interpretive frameworks focused on spatial, temporal and social orientational work accomplished by active, agentive monuments through their relationships with humans, which we frame as a ‘technology of the monument’. Monuments are instrumental in situating groups within these different layers, or landscapes, of lived experience, yet even while physically fixed, allow for movement through changing meanings and ideas.
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Huang, Wen Zheng. "Application of Chemicals in the Restoration of Monuments." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1442.
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Monuments are precious historical and cultural heritages, they are non-renewable cultural resources, the authenticity of monuments lies in the value of cultural relics, protecting the monument’s historical value and reflecting the complete history characteristics in particular historical period are the restoration principles of monuments. This paper proposed the attentions of applied chemicals in the restoration of monuments by introducing the application of chemicals in monument’s anti-corrosion treatment of wooden components, reinforcement of wooden components, protection of masonry as well as masonry reinforcement etc. Chemicals can effectively protect the unique historical, scientific and artistic value of monuments, chemicals and chemical technology will have broad application prospects in the field of monument restoration technology.
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Pierzchała, Ewa. "Glosa do uchwały Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Poznaniu z dnia 3 lipca 2020 r., sygn. akt III SA/Po 261/20. Dofinansowanie na zabytek nieruchomy znajdujący się w innej gminie." Santander Art and Culture Law Review 7, no. 1 (2021): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.21.014.14943.
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Commentary on the resolution of the Provincial Administrative Court in Poznań of 3rd July 2020, III SA/Po 261/20. Subsidy The thesis of the resolution issued by the Provincial Administrative Court in Poznań is correct, although incomplete. Against the background of the issues contained in this thesis, a problem emerged related to the financing of an immovable monument located in another commune, owned by a local government unit other than the one in which the monument is located. In such a case, the commune, despite the fact that the monument is not on its territory, is responsible for financing renovation and conservation works to the monument as part of owner care. Additionally, it has the right to receive a subsidy pursuant to Art. 81 of the Act on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments from the commune that has registered this monument in its records. It should therefore be emphasized that financing the protection and care of immovable monuments has two criteria. The first is the location of the immovable monument, and the second is the legal title to the monument. The first entitles one to receive a subsidy, while the second obliges one to finance these activities from one’s own funds. A commune that is the owner of an immovable monument on its territory will be deprived of the possibility of subsidizing the monument using the above-mentioned process. In turn, a commune responsible for a monument located in another commune will be able to finance its care from two sources, from subsidies and from its own resources.
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Barać, Mirjana. "Urban-architectural and symbolic review of the memorial-monumental heritage of Kosovo and Metohija in the works of Svetomir Arsić Basara." Bastina, no. 55 (2021): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina31-33676.
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The subject of the paper is a spatial, urban-architectural, and symbolic interpretation of the monuments of the National Liberation War in Kosovo and Metohija, by Svetomir Arsić Basara. The Monument to People's Heroes Boris Vukmirović and Ramiz Sadiku and the Monument to the Šar Mountains Partisan Detachment were chosen for the analysis. The aim of this paper is to determine the relations between the sculptural form and man, but also the basic urban-architectural and monumental relations, characteristics, messages, and meanings, through the interpretation of the principles of spatial perception of the monuments. For the purposes of this research, data on the available archival material and the existing condition of the monuments were collected, an interview was conducted with the author of the monuments, Svetomir Arsić Basara, and then an urban-architectural and symbolic interpretation of the monuments was given. The paper provides a historical overview, an overview of social circumstances and relations, as well as authorial processes in urban-architectural designing solutions, therefore, this paper can contribute to the expansion of the current modest knowledge about the urban-architectural characteristics of the monuments, and a better understanding of their memorial symbolism.
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Heinrichs, K., and R. Azzam. "Investigation of Salt Weathering on Stone Monuments by Use of a Modern Wireless Sensor Network Exemplified for the Rock-Cut Monuments in Petra/Jordan – A Research Project (2010 – 2013)." International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era 1, no. 2 (June 2012): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.1.2.191.
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Experience has shown that salt weathering represents a major cause of damage on stone monuments. Despite many years of intensive research, processes of salt weathering still can not be explained satisfactorily. The lack of knowledge impedes reliable damage prognosis as well as selection and implementation of appropriate and sustainable monument preservation measures. The overall aim of the “petraSalt” research project is to improve knowledge of salt weathering on stone monuments. The methodological approach combines assessment of weathering damage and monument exposure characteristics, laboratory analysis of salt loading and continuous monument environmental monitoring by use of innovative wireless sensor network technology. In order to ensure findings of high transferability, the rock-cut monuments of Petra / Jordan were selected for studies, as stone type and spectra of monument exposure regimes, environmental influences, salt loading and weathering damage are very representative for a multitude of stone monuments worldwide.
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Faulkenbury, Evan. "“A Problem of Visibility”." Public Historian 41, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.4.83.
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In 1876, officials in Cortland, New York unveiled a bronze and granite Union soldier monument to commemorate the county’s participation in the American Civil War. Over time, the monument’s meanings and importance changed, and in 2013, Cortland officials began an attempt to move it out of the way for a music stage. This case study illustrates how Union monuments (similarly to Confederate monuments) represented local pride, masculine ideals, racial beliefs, and community values. Over time, however, original purposes faded from memory. By debating whether or not the statue should stay or move, Cortland reimagined the monument’s significance to its past, present, and future.
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Benjamin, Andrea, Ray Block, Jared Clemons, Chryl Laird, and Julian Wamble. "Set in Stone? Predicting Confederate Monument Removal." PS: Political Science & Politics 53, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096519002026.
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ABSTRACTRecent events have led to a renewed conversation surrounding the relevance and potential removal of Confederate monuments around the country, and several monuments have already been removed. However, we have little insight to explain why some monuments have been removed while others remain. This article seeks to understand the social and political determinants that can better explain the recent removal of Confederate monuments throughout the United States. Analyzing results from an original dataset of Confederate monuments, we identify which local government structures and racial and civic characteristics best predict the removal of these monuments. Ultimately, although we find that other factors contribute to monument removal, the size of the black population, the presence of a National Association for the Advancement of Colored People chapter, and the percentage of Democrats in a county in which a monument exists—as well as whether the monument exists in a state that constrains removal by legislative decree—best predict whether a Confederate monument will be taken down. This project elucidates the interplay of race, partisanship, and local and statewide politics as it relates to the dismantling of Confederate monuments.
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Akhundova, Surayya. "THE TECHNICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS." Scientific works/Elmi eserler 2 (April 2, 1996): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.58225/sw.2022.2.5-12.
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Abstract. The article is devoted to diagnostic research used in the restoration and conservation of architectural monuments. The main purpose of the diagnostics is to determine the technical condition of the individual structures of the whole monument and whether it is serviceable. The article researches the essence and tasks of technical diagnostics of the causes of monuments deformation. The cause-and-effect relationship was analyzed in the assessment of the conditions of deformation of architectural monuments. While studying the engineering-geological causes of the deformation of the monuments, the inspection of the technical condition of the monument, the analysis of the location of the main structures and the observation of the deformations were given Keywords: architectural monuments, technical condition, engineering- geological, monument deformation, constructions, research
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Heron, Heronimus. "Tugu Ngejaman: Penanda Kuasa dan Pengingat Waktu di Yogyakarta." Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora 10, no. 1 (September 16, 2022): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ret.v10i1.4850.
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Tugu Ngejaman or Stadsklok is a monument to commemorate a century of the return of Java to the Dutch colonial rule in 1916. This story begins with the French conquest of the Netherlands in January 1795 which led to the conquest of Java in 1808-1811. But France finally lost the war against Russia in 1814, so the Netherlands negotiated with Britain over its colonies. The British and the Dutch managed to reach an agreement to cede Java to the Dutch, while the British took control of Malacca in 1816. In this paper, I trace the history of the establishment of the Ngejaman monument, the meaning of the Ngejaman monument for the Dutch population in Yogyakarta, and the reasons for maintaining the Ngejaman monument today. I use Walter Benjamin's perspective on aura to explore the relationship between monuments and history and the technological revolution. The data in this paper comes from archival documents and existing scholarly literature, interviews, as well as field observations that elucidate the Ngejaman monument and the activities of the surrounding community. This study finds that the construction of the Ngejaman monument was related to the markers of Dutch colonial power in Yogyakarta and the "revolution of time" in the modern society. However, the Yogyakarta City Government maintains the Ngejaman monument without providing a narrative about the history of the monument's establishment in Malioboro. The government ignores historical literacy in tourism development in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, even when the importance of preserving the Ngejaman monument lies in its being a marker of the introduction of time as a regulator of modern human activity in Yogyakarta and a reminder that liberation has not necessarily meant freedom for all.
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Antipin, N. A. "MONUMENT TO EMPEROR ALEXANDER II IN ZLATOUST: A CASE OF PROVINCIAL COMMEMORATION IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4(55) (2021): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-4-28-38.
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The article examines the commemorative practices of residents of the Zlatoust district of the Ufa province, aimed at perpetuating the memory of Emperor Alexander II. The stages of the commemorative process are highlight-ed: identification of initiators and formulation of motives for the monument's installation, formation of a Committee, collection of donations, construction of the monument, and its opening. In 1881, former craftsmen of the Zlatoust factory initiated the installation of a monument to the deceased monarch. The monument was an expression of grati-tude for the Great reforms, namely the abolition of serfdom and compulsory labor in factories. The process of in-stalling the monument took ten years, which was caused by the lack of experience of farmers in implementing such memorial projects, ambitious plans, high cost of the project, the lack of large donors and orientation to local commu-nities within the County with timid attempts to reach the level of the province. Functionally, the monument became the center of commemorative practices, repeated actions of commemoration of the deceased Emperor and broadcast-ing the image of the monarch with the inclusion of regional specifics. The installation of the monument to the Em-peror in Zlatoust served as an example for other cities: copies of the monument were installed in Yekaterinburg, in the village of Sorochinsky in the Buzuluk district of the Samara province, and there were plans to install the monu-ment at the Miass plant. The monument to Alexander II in Zlatoust was demolished shortly after the establishment of Soviet power in the city in the summer of 1919. Studying the memorialization of Alexander II in pre-revolutionary Russia, determining the geographical and ethnic boundaries of the area of monuments, as well as interpreting the symbolic content of «places of memory», is useful for studying the process of forming national identity.
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Drozdov, Viktor. "SOVIET MONUMENTAL PROPAGANDA PROBLEMS IN WESTERN UKRAINIAN LANDS IN 1944 – 1953." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 2 (49) (December 5, 2023): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(49).2023.290335.
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The article characterizes the problems of Soviet monumental propaganda in the Western Ukrainian lands in the post-war years, mainly related to building monuments of republican significance. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the author has outlined the peculiarities of legislative regulation and financing of the monuments’ construction, which affected the delay or non-implementation of government decrees regarding the construction of memorials. The financial problems and the shortcomings of the Soviet bureaucratic system have been described in the example of the building of monuments to Lenin in L’viv, Drohobych and Chernivtsi, the monument to Oleko Dundych in Rivne, the “Hill of Glory” in L’viv, and the military cemetery in Stanislav. The reasons contributing to the failure to fulfill the tasks of monumental propaganda included the limitation of funding for building monuments by both the central and republican authorities, the lack of funds in local budgets, and the delay in submitting or approving project or financial documentation. Furthermore, an ideological factor has been identified as the primary reason for postponing the construction of memorials to Ivan Franko and Taras Shevchenko in L’viv. The author concluded that Soviet memory politics, which aimed to Sovietize the memorial space rapidly, lacked the resources to create essential symbolic places to disseminate Soviet commemorative culture in the Western Ukrainian lands effectively. The delay in constructing new monuments of republican significance caused dissatisfaction among the party leadership, which demanded an immediate solution to these problems. These demands, in turn, resulted in cost-cutting measures during monument building, leading to deviations from their original projects. The article pays particular attention to the issue of the quality of typical monuments to the state’s leaders and fallen soldiers of the Soviet army, which was also one of the problems of Soviet monumental propaganda.
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Watts, Christopher M. "Counter-monuments and the Perdurance of Place." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28, no. 3 (March 6, 2018): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977431700097x.
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In this paper, I critically examine contemporary commemorative forms and practices known as ‘counter-monuments’ from an archaeological standpoint, in the process interrogating the conceptual underpinnings of the monument taxon as it is currently understood. Drawing on Tim Ingold's notion of perdurance, and through an exploration of counter-monumental concerns with form, siting and proxemics, I argue that memorialization can be seen as relationally emergent in the experiences of particular places. This claim is advanced through a discussion of the Cedar Creek Earthworks, a Woodland Period (c. 1–1550 ad) enclosure near Windsor, Canada, whose status as a monument can be understood, not as an ostentatious appeal to past events, but as a magnet for drawing out and assembling human and non-human relations in place.
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Manica, Katrina-Eve N. "Imperial Canada as a training ground for empire." Sculpture Journal 33, no. 2 (June 2024): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sj.2024.33.2.04.
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This article uses decolonial methods to examine four monuments in St Paul’s Cathedral which are associated with the settler-colonial state of Canada. It also demonstrates strategies for Indigenizing the pantheon to reassert viewership beyond imperial narratives which have been inscribed into British and Canadian histories. The four monuments are George Edward Wade’s bust John A. Macdonald (c. 1881–92), Sir Richard Westmacott’s monument to Major-General Isaac Brock (c. 1815), Carlo Panati’s monument to John Hawley Glover (c. 1886–87), and Francis Derwent Wood’s monument to John Eardley Wilmot Inglis (1896). Through these monuments, the article wrestles with, and troubles, the mythos of ‘Canadian’ identity as written into settler-colonial narratives and the ongoing pressures of colonialism throughout Canada. Importantly, the article articulates Indigenous presences – the Shawnee, Inuit and Mi’kmaq – and perseverances at the core of each monument, and further demonstrates that the presence of Black refugees in Nova Scotia and the Hausa people of West Africa are key to understanding and witnessing these monuments in St Paul’s Cathedral.
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Paseli, Dominika Eufran, B. Irwan Wipranata, Suryadi Santoso, and Regina Suryadjaja. "IMPLEMENTASI NILAI NASIONALISME PADA MONUMEN PEMBEBASAN IRIAN BARAT." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 5, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 1803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v5i2.24335.
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Banteng Field Park is one of the city parks in Jakarta that has historical value, this park has existed since the Dutch colonial era. Until when the Republic of Indonesia was released from Japanese colonization, the name was changed to Banteng Field by President Soekarno to become Banteng Field. In this park there is a monument, namely the West Irian Liberation Monument. This monument was built in 1962 and inaugurated on August 17, 1963, where the idea of this monument was a proposal from President Soekarno. This monument is a symbolization as a sign to commemorate the return of West Irian in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia and the beginning that the territory of the Republic of Indonesia became intact for the first time. Banteng Field Park has been revitalized in 2018, with three zones in it, namely the Urban Forest zone, Monument zone and Sports Zone, with the main zone being the Monument Zone. This research has the aim of assessing whether the revitalization that has been carried out can strengthen the historical value of the Banteng Field Park or actually eliminate the historical value. In collecting data, researchers conducted primary and secondary data collection, namely conducting interviews, field surveys and literature reviews. To achieve the research objectives, this research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The result of the research is to know that the revitalization that has been carried out has strengthened the historical value, as well as its implementation on the West Irian Liberation Monument. Keywords: Nationalism; Revitalization; West Irian Liberation Monument Abstrak Taman Lapangan Banteng merupakan salah satu taman kota di Jakarta yang memiliki nilai sejarah, taman ini sudah ada sejak zaman kolonial Belanda. Hingga pada saat NKRI terlepas dari penjajahan Jepang, digantilah nama menjadi Lapangan Banteng oleh Presidden Soekarno menjadi lapangan Banteng. Di taman ini terdapat sebuah monumen, yakni Monumen Pembebasan Irian Barat. Monumen ini dibangun pada tahun 1962 dan diresmikan pada 17 Agustus 1963, yang mana gagasan monument ini merupakan usulan dari Presiden Soekarno. Monumen ini merupakan simbolisasi sebagai tanda untuk memeperingati kembalinya Irian Barat dalam wilayah NKRI dan menjadi awal bahwa wilayah NKRI menjadi utuh untuk pertama kalinya. Taman Lapangan Banteng telah selesai direvitalisasi pada tahun 2018, dengan tiga zona di dalamnya yaitu zona Hutan Kota, zona Monumen dan Zona Oalahraga, dengan zona utama yakni Zona Monumen. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yakni menilai revitalisasi yang telah dilakukan dapat menguatkan nilai sejarah dari Taman Lapangan Banteng atau justru menghilangkan nilai sejarah tersebut. Dalam mengumpulkan data peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder yakni melakukan wawancara, survei lapangan dan kajian pustaka. Untuk mencapai tujuan penilitian, maka penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dalam penelitian adalah mengetahui ini bahwa dengan revitalisasi yang telah dilakukan sudah menguatkan nilai sejarah, serta implementasinya pada Monumen Pembebasan Irian Barat.
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Lysandrou, Vasiliki, Athos Agapiou, Manolis Ioannides, Nikolaos Kantiranis, Eleftherios Charalambous, and Diofantos Hadjimitsis. "Integrated Investigation of Built Heritage Monuments: The Case Study of Paphos Harbour Castle, Cyprus." Heritage 1, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage1010001.
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The state of preservation of built heritage monuments is often evaluated by means of several destructive techniques, which are mainly focused on the analysis of small parts of the monuments’ construction materials. The necessary sampling for the accomplishment of these destructive analyses is usually restricted to confined parts of a monument, since monuments are usually under protective legislation, and therefore only indicative of larger areas. Current research attempts to enhance the results of provided by destructive methods, using non-destructive image processing techniques. Towards this end, the potential use of image processing based on rectified images is examined, along with material sampling and laboratory analyses as part of a multi-disciplinary methodology for the investigation of Paphos (Cyprus) Harbour Castle. This approach has been adopted in order to map the degradation patterns observed on the monument’s masonry walls, minimizing destructive methods and attempting to visualize the results of the monument as a whole. The combination of both analytical and non-destructive techniques resulted in the acquisition of large amounts of information, permitting the evaluation of applied non-destructive techniques for the study of the deterioration present on a monument’s external surfaces. This approach led to the assessment of the overall state of preservation of the masonry walls of the structure in an extended scale covering all external façades in a semi-automatic way.
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Firyal, Dewita Alifah, and Amirul Hadi. "Merawat Ingatan: Keterlibatan Publik dalam Pelestarian Monumen Perjuangan di Cibinong Bogor 1985-2020." Socio Historica: Journal of Islamic Social History 1, no. 1 (July 25, 2022): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sh.v1i1.25597.
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This study aims to determine the extent of public involvement, namely the community and government in the preservation of the historic building, the Cibinong Community Struggle Monument which is located in Cibinong which is the central government area of Bogor Regency. since its founding in 1985 to 2020 has experienced a decline in attention. Even though in today's technologically sophisticated era, the public can access a wide variety of information, including historical knowledge. So that the community has a role in the preservation of the monument that stands. Therefore, this study should be disclosed as an effort to preserve historic buildings in the future so that they are preserved and maintained. The method used is a historical study with a sociological and political approach, and the data presented is descriptive analytical. The results of this study indicate that there are several factors that influence the emergence of community involvement in the preservation of the Cibinong Monument. The first factor is historical awareness, which is still dominated by the families of fighters from the Cibinong Bivouac War. The second factor is the important role of the media in publishing news on the condition of the Monument for the image of the Cibinong area as the capital of Bogor Regency. It can be concluded that the public knows the general history of the Monument which is written on the Monument stone. In addition, the government's role in the process of implementing monument conservation is still passive and lacks initiative. So that the public's sense of belonging to the monument needs to be improved.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana keterlibatan publik dan pemerintah dalam pelestarian bangunan bersejarah, Monumen Perjuangan Masyarakat Cibinong yang berlokasi di Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan merupakan kajian sejarah dengan pendekatan sosiologi dan politik, dan data akan disajikan secara deskriptif-analitis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi munculnya keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pelestarian Monumen Cibinong. Faktor pertama adalah kesadaran sejarah yang masih didominasi oleh pihak keluarga pejuang dari Perang Bivak Cibinong. Faktor kedua adalah peran penting media dalam mempublikasikan berita kondisi Monumen untuk citra daerah Cibinong sebagai Ibukota Kabupaten Bogor. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa publik mengetahui sejarah Monumen secara umum yang tertera pada batu Monumen. Selain itu, peran pemerintah dalam proses pelaksanaan pelestarian monumen masih pasif dan kurang berinisiatif. Sehingga rasa memiliki publik terhadap monumen perlu ditingkatkan.
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Chen, Guoxing, and Vanvipha Suneta. "Site Location of the Monument in Modern Guangzhou: A Perspective on Collective Memory." Asia Social Issues 17, no. 2 (October 11, 2023): e263497. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/asi.2024.263497.
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In recent years, more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to the memory content of monuments/memorials or explore collective and cultural memory through monuments/memorials. However, these studies mainly focus on the history and memory of urban public areas or monuments. The objectives of this research were to analyze the distribution characteristics of the site location of the monument in modern Guangzhou and then interpret the collective memory content of the Chinese-style monument site. The whole research is based on constructivist methodology and qualitative phenomenological research strategy, and the final research results can provide a more in-depth discussion on the memory research of monuments. The research procedures consisted of on-site observation, map and literature research data collection, the coding and classification of monument cases and sites, and the comparative analysis of visual data. Finally, the site selection characteristics of the monument in modern Guangzhou are summarized, and its collective memory content is deduced. The research results show that: (1) Chinese traditional culture emphasizes the harmonious relationship between man and nature, which profoundly affects people’s collective memory and the site selection of the monument in modern Guangzhou. (2) The mausoleum park-style memorial site is a sublime Chinese-style commemorative place, its eternal symbolic meaning and characteristics conducive to tourists’ visits are its success factors. (3) The selection of monument sites in Chinese-style mausoleum parks is a practical choice in line with the characteristics of Chinese culture, which reflects the collective memory of Chinese people who pursue lofty and eternal meanings.
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Wilson, Joseph S., Matt Kelly, and Olivia Messinger Carril. "Reducing protected lands in a hotspot of bee biodiversity: bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument." PeerJ 6 (December 4, 2018): e6057. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6057.
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Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument is a federally protected area found in central southern Utah. Designated in 1996 by President William J. Clinton, it was recently reduced in size by President Donald J. Trump in a proclamation that turned the one large monument into three smaller ones. A long-term, standardized study of the bees had been conducted from 2000–2003, revealing 660 species. The bee communities of the area are characterized by being spatially heterogeneous; most of the bees occur in isolated areas, with only a few being both abundant and widespread. Here we examine what affect the recent resizing of the monument has on the number, and ecology, of the bees now excluded from monument boundaries. Using the new monument boundaries and the geographic coordinates associated with each bee, we derived new species lists for each of the three monuments, and compared them to each other, and to the excluded lands. All three monuments now protect unique faunas, with Bray–Curtis similarity values not exceeding 0.59%. Each monument now harbors species not found in the other two monuments. We found that 84 bee species are no longer protected by any of the three monuments. These 84 species were not concentrated in one area that is now excluded, but were scattered throughout the newly excluded lands. For some of the excluded bee species, there is no evidence that they are rare or imperiled, being widespread throughout the west. However, there is a concentration of bees in the southern and eastern former monument lands that represent range extensions from nearby hot deserts. In addition to numerous range extensions, the list of excluded bees also contains several undescribed species (newly discovered species that have not yet been named and described by taxonomists) and morphospecies (individuals that are morphologically distinct, but that require additional research before species designations can be made). This indicates that the bee communities housed in these excluded areas would benefit from additional scientific inquiry. The areas now excluded from monument protections house a greater proportion of the original GSENM bee community than any of the three new monument units. We conclude this paper by discussing what the smaller monuments might mean for bee conservation in this hot spot of bee biodiversity and suggest that bee communities here and elsewhere should be taken into account when conservation decisions are being made.
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Archila Neira, Mauricio. "El Parque del «Descabezado» o de Camilo Torres y las luchas sociales en Barrancabermeja en los años ochenta." REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, no. 213 (December 26, 2019): 17–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi213.1176.
Full textAbstract:
El parque del «Descabezado» o de Camilo Torres en Barrancabermeja hace parte de las memorias disputadas en torno a la destrucción del monumento a Camilo Torres en 1986 —a los 20 años de su muerte—, en medio de un auge de luchas en el país y en el Magdalena Medio. Luego de una reflexión sobre la memoria colectiva y los monumentos, se indaga sobre la historia del monumento, sus gestores iniciales y los varios ataques que recibió hasta la reconstrucción reciente del actual parque. Esta disputa obliga a mirar las luchas populares en el Magdalena Medio en el segundo lustro de los años ochenta, con la violencia que se incrementará en ese auge, de la cual el episodio del «Descabezado» es solo una representación simbólica.
Abstract: The “Beheaded” or Camilo Torres Park in Barrancabermeja is a part of the memories disputed over the destruction of the monument to Camilo Torres in 1986—20 years after his death—in the context of increasing social struggles in the country and the Middle Magdalena region. After discussing collective memory and monuments, this paper examines the history of this particular monument in Barrancabermeja, its promoters and the numerous attacks it received until the recent reconstruction of the park. The dispute over memory in this case leads to a discussion on the people’s struggle in the Middle Magdalena region in the second half of the 1980s, and the increasing violence, of which the episode of the beheaded statue of Camilo Torres is just a symbolic representation.
Keywords: Middle Magdalena, Barrancabermeja, people's struggles, Camilo Torres Park, violence
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Szczepkowski, Andrzej, Łukasz Tyburski, and Małgorzata Sułkowska. "Monument trees in the Kampinos national Park (central Poland): A review." Folia Forestalia Polonica 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2020-0020.
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AbstractThe paper presents the history of the protection of trees with special values, the current state of monument trees and the preliminary description of trees meeting the minimal circumference criteria to be regarded as natural monuments in the Kampinos National Park (KNP). The study was conducted in the years 2017–2019. In the KNP, there are 69 living trees with a status of natural monuments. Most of them are oaks – 56 specimens, Scots pine – 6 specimens, small-leaved lime – 5 specimens and European hornbeam and European ash – 1 specimen each. Among all, 27 trees grow individually and the other 42 grow in 7 groups. About 200 trees were recognised as meeting the minimal circumference criteria to be regarded as natural monuments. The thickest size tree in the KNP is the black poplar with a circumference of 805 cm, growing in the enclave of Ruska Kępa, and the thickest monument tree in the KNP area is Dąb Kobędzy (Kobendza Oak) with a circumference of 582 cm. Almost a half of the living monument trees (34 specimens) are situated in Kampinos Forest District. In Kromnów, there are 20, and in Laski Forest District 15 specimens of monument trees are mapped. Living monument trees were found in 15 (out of 17) forest subdistricts. The highest number of monument trees was found in Rózin Forest Subdistrict (16) and in Wilków Forest Subdistrict (10). The lowest number – one specimen per forest subdistrict – was found in six forest subdistricts (Dąbrówka, Grabina, Janówek, Krzywa Góra, Rybitew and Zamczysko). In total, there are around 300 specimens of natural monuments and trees meeting the minimal circumference criteria to be regarded as natural monuments, which means that there is one tree of this category for each 125 ha surface of the KNP.
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Kraege, Desmond. "“Must the Arts Suffer from the Progress of Reason?” Four Slave Statues, the 1790 Place des Victoires Debate, and the Urban Monument in Early Revolutionary France." Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 80, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkg-2017-0004.
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Abstract In June 1790, the Assemblée nationale decided that the statues of slaves surrounding the monument to Louis XIV on the Place des Victoires were offensive to the inhabitants of some French provinces, and should be removed. This triggered a wide-ranging debate in the Parisian press, with calls for the conservation of the monument or for the use of the statues in a new setting. The discussion dealt with the monument’s iconography, but also with its aesthetic and historical significance, and reflected wider debates on slavery and on the (un)popularity of the monarchy. The article analyses these arguments, points out the importance of public monuments in Parisians’ relation to their city, and shows how the removal of these statues was part of a climate of construction, rather than destruction.
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Gadecki, Bartołomiej. "Umieszczanie reklam na zabytkach." Studia Prawnoustrojowe, no. 43 (October 11, 2019): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/sp.4602.
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Monuments are protected under provisions of criminal law, which arecontained both in the Act on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments and in the Penal Code. This article aims to examinedogmatic aspects of misdemeanour specifed in Articles 118 of the Act on theProtection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments. The saidArticle regulates misdemeanour of placing advertisements on monuments without a permit. Placing advertisements on a monument entered into theInventory of Monuments requires permission of the Voivodship Inspector ofMonuments. Examined herein is the meaning of the following terms: “placement”, “monument entered into the Inventory of Monuments”. The conclusions are based on formal-dogmatic analysis.
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Kang, Nari. "Process of Developing of the Labor Mobilization System in the 6th Century of Silla." Paek-San Society 127 (December 31, 2023): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52557/tpsh.2023.127.145.
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This paper is part of a study on the development process of the labor mobilization system and the mobilization method in 6th century of the Silla, and among them, the inscriptions from the first three periods are the subject of this study. The mobilization system of <the Cheongjebi Monument with Inscription of “Byeongjin Year”>(536) is understood to be a temporary organization for the construction of the Cheongje, since it has not been seen since then. This is a characteristic of the period in which the reverse labor mobilization system was not yet in place. Through the examination of two <Myeonghwalseongbi Monuments>(551), it can be seen that various reverse mobilization systems were in operation at the time of the construction of the Myeonghwalseong Fortress. By the way, <the Ojakbi Monument>(578) also has the same job title system as <the Myeonghwalseongbi Monuments>, but it also has similarities with <the Namsanshinseongbi Monuments>(591). Thus, <the Myeonghwalseongbi Monuments> and <the Ojakbi Monument> share similarities in the labor mobilization organization of the various construction works. Therefore, <the Myeonghwalseongbi Monuments> and <the Ojakbi Monument> phases can be understood as a transitional period from <the Cheongjebi Monument with Inscription of “Byeongjin Year”> phase, when a temporary mobilization organization was organized for the construction work, to a phase when the mobilization system for the construction work was being developed in a certain direction.
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Ravvin, Norman. "Placed Upon the Landscape, Casting Shadows: Jewish Canadian Monuments and Other Forms of Memory." Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes 31 (May 18, 2021): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.40212.
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This essay explores monuments, including the National Holocaust Monument in Ottawa, and gravestones in Jewish cemeteries in Montreal and Vancouver. Alongside these sites it considers how Canadian Jewish literature presents possibilities for Jewish history and language to mark the Canadian landscape though a consideration of Leonard Cohen and Eli Mandel. A discussion of Canadian monuments is relevant in light of recent demonstrations focused on removing statues and monuments from parks and government buildings. The essay contrasts community-inspired projects like Vancouver’s Holocaust memorial with Ottawa’s “National”monument, whose unveiling prompted a discussion about appropriate ways to represent history.Cet essai explore les monuments, y compris le monument national de l’Holocauste à Ottawa, et les pierres tombales des cimetières juifs de Montréal et de Vancouver. Parallèlement à ces sites, il examine comment la littérature juive canadienne, notamment les écrits de Leonard Cohen et Eli Mandel, offre des opportunités pour l’histoire et la langue juives de marquer le paysage canadien. Une discussion sur les monuments canadiens est pertinente à la lumière des récentes manifestations visant à retirer les statues et les monuments des parcs et des édifices gouvernementaux. L’essai met en contraste des projets d’inspiration communautaire comme le mémorial de l’Holocauste de Vancouver et le monument « national » d’Ottawa, dont le dévoilement a suscité une discussion sur les moyens appropriés de représenter l’histoire.
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Thorstensen, Erik. "The Places of Memory in a Square of Monuments: Conceptions of Past, Freedom and History at Szabadság Tér." Hungarian Cultural Studies 5 (January 1, 2012): 94–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2012.71.
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In this paper I try to approach contemporary Hungarian political culture through an analysis of the history of changing monuments at Szabadság Tér in Budapest. The paper has as its point of origin a protest/irredentist monument facing the present Soviet liberation monument. In order to understand this irredentist monument, I look into the meaning of the earlier irredentist monuments under Horthy and try to see what monuments were torn down under Communism and which ones remained. I further argue that changes in the other monuments also affect the meaning of the others. From this background I enter into a brief interpretation of changes in memory culture in relation to changes in political culture. The conclusions point toward the fact that Hungary is actively pursuing a cleansing of its past in public spaces, and that this process is reflected in an increased acceptance of political authoritarianism.
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Tatić, Dušan, Radomir S. Stanković, Marko Jovanović, and Jovan Stojanović. "Application of Geolocation Module in the Electronic Multimedia Guide." Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 13 (September 1, 2023): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2023.13.10.
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The paper presents the work in progress towards the enhancement of features and increasing the comfort of usability of the multimedia guide for the War Museum of Niš under the Open Sky. Previously, this electronic guide was realized as a mobile application that informs visitors about the persons and events to which monuments in the city of Niš are dedicated. Visitors could access information about the monuments through a list of monuments or by using an interactive map with the location of the monuments marked. Presently, we are introducing a new module that will improve user experience through the usage of location-based services. The visitor's location is used by the Geolocation module to show the information about the nearby monument. The monument has to be inside of a predefined radius (e.g. 2 m or more) in order to activate the projection of the information about the monument.
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Pearson, Mike Parker, Ros Cleal, Peter Marshall, Stuart Needham, Josh Pollard, Colin Richards, Clive Ruggles, et al. "The age of Stonehenge." Antiquity 81, no. 313 (September 1, 2007): 617–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00095624.
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Stonehenge is the icon of British prehistory, and continues to inspire ingenious investigations and interpretations. A current campaign of research, being waged by probably the strongest archaeological team ever assembled, is focused not just on the monument, but on its landscape, its hinterland and the monuments within it. The campaign is still in progress, but the story so far is well worth reporting. Revisiting records of 100 years ago the authors demonstrate that the ambiguous dating of the trilithons, the grand centrepiece of Stonehenge, was based on samples taken from the wrong context, and can now be settled at 2600-2400 cal BC. This means that the trilithons are contemporary with Durrington Walls, near neighbour and Britain's largest henge monument. These two monuments, different but complementary, now predate the earliest Beaker burials in Britain – including the famous Amesbury Archer and Boscombe Bowmen, but may already have been receiving Beaker pottery. All this contributes to a new vision of massive monumental development in a period of high European intellectual mobility….
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Główczewska, Aleksandra. "Brak działań właściciela w celu należytej opieki nad zabytkiem nieruchomym a wykreślenie obiektu z rejestru zabytków – przegląd wybranych orzeczeń sądów administracyjnych." Santander Art and Culture Law Review 9, no. 1 (September 27, 2023): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.23.013.18125.
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The purpose of this article is to review the case law of administrative courts from recent years concerned with the removal of a monument from the monuments register. This procedure should be applied with extreme caution, in accordance with the legal rules and interpretation of the administrative courts, in particular with regard to the premise of destroying a monument connected with losing its values as a monument. The study draws attention to the problem of the failure of the owner or holder of a building to fulfil his duty of care towards a monument. It can be drawn from the examined judgments, that such omissions cannot serve as a reason for the removal of a monument from the register.