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1
Hollis, Steven Scott. "Patterns of mineral element retranslocation in four species of tropical montane forest trees in Monteverde, Costa Rica." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2008. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Hollis_SSMESThesis2008.pdf.
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Nomura, Naofumi. "Leaf phenology of tropical montane forests on Mount Kinabalu." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147871.
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Martínez-Morales, Miguel Angel. "Forest fragmentation effects on bird communities of tropical montane cloud forests in Eastern Mexico." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621110.
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Neary, Daniel G., Peter F. Ffolliott, and Gerald J. Gottfried. "Post-Wildfire Peakflows in Arizona Montane Forests: Some Case Studies." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296603.
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Bakari, John R. "Single tree felling gaps and regeneration in Tanzania montane forests." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395868.
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Bellingham, Peter John. "The effects of a hurricane on Jamaican montane rain forests." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283931.
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Davidson, Diedre P., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Sensitivity of ecosystem net primary productivity models to remotely sensed leaf area index in a montane forest environment." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2002, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/155.
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Net primary productivity (NPP) is a key ecological parameter that is important in estimating carbon stocks in large forested areas. NPP is estimated using models of which leaf area index (LAI) is a key input. This research computes a variety of ground-based and remote sensing LAI estimation approaches and examines the impact of these estimates on modeled NPP. A relative comparison of ground-based LAI estimates from optical and allometric techniques showed that the integrated LAI-2000 and TRAC method was preferred. Spectral mixture analysis (SMA), accounting for subpixel influences on reflectance, outperformed vegetation indices in LAI prediction from remote sensing. LAI was shown to be the most important variable in modeled NPP in the Kananaskis, Alberta region compared to soil water content (SWC) and climate inputs. The variability in LAI and NPP estimates were not proportional, from which a threshold was suggested where first LAI is limiting than water availability.xii, 181 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Pattanavibool, Anak. "Wildlife response to habitat fragmentation and other human influences in tropical montane evergreen forests, northern Thailand." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ44797.pdf.
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Monteleone, Susan Elaine. "Light Spectra Distributions in Temperate Conifer-Forest Canopy Gaps, Oregon and in Tropical Cloud-Forest Canopy, Venezuela." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279052/.
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Light spectra distributions were measured in two different montane forests: temperate and tropical. Spectral light measurements were made in different sized canopy gaps in the conifer forest at H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon, USA. Researchers at Oregon State University created these
gaps of 20 m, 30 m, and 50 m in diameter. In the tropical cloud forest, spectral light measurements were made in two plots that were permanently established at La Mucuy Parque Nacional in Venezuela, in collaboration with researchers at Universidad de Los Andes. In both studies, spectra and distributions of physiologically active light were analyzed: red, far-red, R/FR ratio, and blue light.
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Kellner, Amanda M. E. "Activity and roost selection of bats in montane forests on northern Vancouver Island." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0024/MQ51375.pdf.
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Loughlin, Nicholas. "Changing human impact on the montane forests of the eastern Andean flank, Ecuador." Thesis, Open University, 2018. http://oro.open.ac.uk/55087/.
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The montane cloud forests of South America are some of the most biodiverse habitats in the world, whilst also being especially vulnerable to climate change and human disturbance. Today much of this landscape has been transformed into a mosaic of secondary forest and agricultural fields. This thesis uses palaeoecological proxies (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal, organic content) to interpret ecosystem dynamics during the late Quaternary, unravelling the vegetation history of the landscape and the relationship between people and the montane cloud forest of the eastern Andean flank of Ecuador. Two new sedimentary records are examined from the montane forest adjacent to the Río Cosanga (Vinillos) and in the Quijos Valley (Huila). These sites characterise the natural dynamics of a pre-human arrival montane forest and reveal how vegetation responded during historical changes in local human populations. Non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) are employed in a novel approach to analyse a forest cover gradient across these sites. The analysis identifies a distinctive NPP assemblage connected to low forest cover and increased regional burning. Investigation into the late Pleistocene Vinillos sediments show volcanic activity to be the primary landscape-scale driver of ecosystem dynamics prior to human arrival, influencing montane forest populations but having little effect on vegetation composition. Lake sediments at Huila from the last 700 years indicate the presence of pre-Hispanic peoples, managing and cultivating an open landscape. The subsequent colonization of the region by Europeans in the late 1500’s decimated the indigenous population, leading to the abandonment of the region in conjunction with an expansion in forest cover ca. 1588 CE. After approximately 130 years of vegetation recovery, montane cloud forest reached a stage of structural maturity comparable to that seen in the pre-human arrival forest. The following 100 years (1718-1822 CE) of low human population and minimal human impact in the region is proposed as a shifted ecological baseline for future restoration and conservation goals. This ‘cultural ecological baseline’ features a landscape that retains many of the ecosystem service provided by a pristine montane forest, while retaining the cultural history of its indigenous people within the vegetation.
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Mao, Zhun. "Temporal and spatial modelling of root reinforcement in natural montane and subalpine forests." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20118.
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Il est généralement admis que la végétation peut stabiliser les pentes naturelles et artificielles contre les glissements de terrain superficiel. Par rapport au rôle mécanique, les racines renforcent le sol d'une pente en fournissant une cohésion additionnelle (cr). La quantification des cr est une étape essentielle pour évaluer la stabilité des pentes, quantifiée par le facteur de sécurité (FoS, défini par le ratio entre les forces de la résistance et les forces motrices sur une pente). La plupart des modèles prédictifs de cr existants ne prennent pas en compte la dynamique racinaire à l'échelle spatiale et temporelle qui peut conduire à une hétérogénéité de renforcement des racines. Ainsi, cette thèse vise à caractériser, quantifier et modéliser la répartition spatiale et temporelle de la dynamique racinaire ainsi que son impact sur la cr estimée. La distribution, croissance et mortalité racinaire ont été échantillonnées à l'aide de monolithes et de rhizotrons à deux altitudes dans des forêts mixtes et naturellement régénérées dans les Alpes françaises, composées d'îlots et de trouées. Avec les méthodes de modélisation statistique, une série de facteurs abiotiques et biotiques affectant la dynamique racinaire ont été étudiés. Pour quantifier les cr, une méta-analyse a été effectuée et les divers algorithmes de modélisation ont été employés et leurs résultats comparés. Cette étude a montré que: (i) dans un écosystème à espèces mixtes, la densité racinaire influence davantage les cr que les propriétés de la qualité racinaire; (ii) tous les facteurs abiotiques (altitude, paysage écologique, profondeur du sol et mois) peuvent faire varier la densité racinaire selon des conditions différentes du sol ; (iii) lors de l'observation de 1,5 ans à l'aide de rhizotrons, le cr augmente continuellement, rapidement dans la saison active et lentement pendant la saison dormante, mais cette augmentation est dépendante de la profondeur du sol, de l'altitude et du patch écologique ; (iv) malgré le fait que les racines les plus fines (]0, 1] mm en diamètre) soient les plus actives dans le cycle de nutritions et de carbone (selon des publications précédentes), elles contribuent peu au renforcement mécanique de terrain. Cette étude a permis d'élargir et d'approfondir nos connaissances sur le rôle des racines dans l'éco-ingénierieIt is largely recognized that vegetation can stabilize artificial and natural slopes against shallow landslides. Mechanically, plant roots reinforce soil on a slope by providing an additional cohesion (cr). Quantification of cr is a key step to estimate the stability of a given slope, usually quantified by the Factor of Safety (FoS, defined as the ratio between resisting forces and the driving forces on a slope). Most existing cr predictive models do not take into consideration spatial and temporal root dynamics which result in heterogeneous root reinforcement along a vegetated slope. Therefore, this thesis aims to characterize, quantify and model the spatial and temporal patterns in root dynamics and their impact on the estimation of cr. Root distribution, growth and mortality were measured using monoliths and rhizotrons installed at two altitudes in naturally regenerated mixed forests in the French Alps. These forests are composed of trees growing in groups (tree islands) with large gaps between the islands. Using statistical modeling approaches, abiotic and biotic factors affecting root dynamics were investigated. For quantifying cr, a meta-analysis was performed and different modeling algorithms were employed and results compared. Based on these studies, the following conclusions were made: (i) in a mixed, mature forest ecosystem root density influenced cr more than root mechanical properties; (ii) all abiotic factors (altitude, type of vegetation patch, soil depth and month) significantly affected root quantity to different degrees, depending on soil conditions; (iii) during the 1.5 years' observations in rhizotron, cr increased rapidly during the growing season and more slowly in the dormant season but the increment increase was largely dependent on soil depth, altitude and vegetation patch. (iv) The finest roots (]0, 1] mm in diameter), which are considered the most important for nutrient and carbon cycling, contributed little to mechanical reinforcement of the soil. Results are discussed with regard to ecological engineering strategies for unstable slopes
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Soenen, Scott, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Remote sensing of montane forest structure and biomass : a canopy relectance model inversion approach." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/281.
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The multiple-forward-mode (MFM) inversion procedure is a set of methods for indirect canopy relectance model inversion using look-up tables (LUT). This thesis refines the MFM technique with regard to: 1) model parameterization for the MFM canopy reflectance model executions and 2) methods for limiting or describing multiple solutions. Forest stand structure estimates from the inversion were evaluated using 40 field validation sites in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Estimates of horizontal and vertical crown radius were within 0.5m and 0.9m RMSE for both conifer and deciduous species. Density estimates were within 590 stems/ha RMSE for conifer and 310 stems/ha RMSE for deciduous. The most effective inversion method used a variable spectral domain with constrained, fine increment LUTs. A biomass estimation method was also developed using empirical relationships with crown area. Biomass density estimates using the MFM method were similar to estimates produced using other multispectral analysis methods (RMSE=50t/ha).xvi, 156 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 29 cm.
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Justus, Savannah. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE, HABITAT, AND AQUATIC BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES IN TROPICAL MONTANE FORESTS." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1494951681726141.
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Politi, Natalia. "Selective Logging in Subtropical Montane Forests of the Andes: Its Effect on Avian Cavity Nesters." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PolitiN2008.pdf.
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Pucko, Carolyn Ann. "The Impacts of Multiple Anthropogenic Disturbances on the Montane Forests of the Green Mountains, Vermont, USA." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/315.
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How and why species’ ranges shift has long been a focus of ecology but is now becoming increasingly important given the current rate of climatic and environmental change. In response to global warming, species will need to migrate northward or upward to stay within their climatic tolerances. The ability of species to migrate will determine their fate and affect the community compositions of the future. However, to more accurately predict the future extent of species, we must identify and understand their responses to past and current climatic and environmental changes. The first place change is expected to occur is within ecotones where the ranges of many species converge and individuals exist at the limits of their environmental tolerances. In montane regions, these boundaries are compressed, creating a situation in which even relatively small changes in conditions can lead to shifts in the elevational ranges of species.
In this dissertation, I examine the responses of forests in the Green Mountains of Vermont to recent climatic and environmental change in an attempt to understand how future climate change will affect their location and composition. I focus on the Boreal-Deciduous Ecotone (BDE), where the high elevation spruce-fir forests converge with the lower elevation northern hardwoods. In addition to investigating adult trees within the BDE, I also examine the responses of understory herbs and tree seedlings to changes in environmental and climatic factors. Factors considered in these investigations include temperature, soil environment, light environment, invasive species, competition, disturbance and many others. I will examine the complex range of responses in forest species that results from prolonged exposure to these forces alone and in combination.
I have attempted to identify the responses of forest species to environmental changes by resurveying historic vegetation plots (Chapter 2), experimentally manipulating the growing environment of tree seedlings (Chapter 3) and performing dendrochronological analyses on tree rings (Chapter 4). Through my resurvey of historic vegetation plots, I determined the degree to which understory species have shifted as individuals or as groups. I also identified a set of novel understory communities that have developed since the 1960's in response to recent climate change, acid deposition and invasive species (Chapter 2). By transplanting and artificially warming tree seedlings, I identified factors responsible for limiting the growth and survival of northern hardwood species above the BDE. Temperature was the primary factor limiting sugar maple (Acer saccharum) at high elevations, while yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) was limited almost exclusively by light (Chapter 3). Dendrochronological studies of sugar maples indicated that prolonged exposure to acidified soils has only recently caused growth declines and has altered their relationship to climate (Chapter 4). Together, these studies have produced a cohesive picture of how northeastern montane forests have responded to recent climate change and other anthropogenic impacts. These findings can be used to help predict future species' ranges and identify species that may not be capable of migrating fast enough on their own to keep pace with changes in climatic conditions.
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Van, de Weg Martine Janet. "Leaf traits and foliar CO2 exchange in a Peruvian tropical montane cloud forest." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5300.
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Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) are one of the most fascinating, but least understood ecosystems in the world, and the interest in the carbon (C) cycle of TMCFs with regard to carbon sequestration and storage practices has increased rapidly in recent years. One feature that prevails in all TMCFs is a decrease in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and standing biomass and leaf area index (LAI) with increasing altitude, together with the stunted growth form of the trees. This thesis focuses on the input part of the TMCF C-cycle, and investigates the controlling factors on photosynthesis on a leaf, canopy, and ecosystem level in the Kosñipata valley in south east Peru, on the eastern slope of the Andes (13º11’28’’S / 71º35’24’’W). Leaf traits are known to relate to foliar C-exchange, and compared with other altitudinal transect studies of TMCFs, the studied sites had similar altitudinal trends for foliar nitrogen (N) content (though not for phosphorus) and leaf mass per area (LMA), with N content decreasing and LMA increasing with altitude. N concentrations were relatively high and LMA values relatively low, but this observed relationship was consistent with those found in global leaf trait surveys. Examining plant stoichiometry (i.e. N:P ratios), the data suggests that unlike the general hypothesis, the Kosñipata forests are not N limited, except for the study site at 2990 m a.s.l. At the 2990 m a.s.l. site, which is the focal study site of the thesis, photosynthetic parameters Vcmax (the carboxylation efficiency of the Rubisco protein) and Jmax (the electron transport efficiency) proved to be similar to those found in lowland tropical rainforest leaves when expressed on an area basis and standardised to 25 °C (55.6 ± 2.6 and 106.5 ± 5.2 mmol m-2 s-1, for Vcmax and Jmax, respectively). However, when standardised to the mean ambient TMCF temperature of 12.5 °C, both photosynthetic parameters were much lower than ambient tropical rainforest Vcmax and Jmax values. The TMCF Jmax -Vcmax relationships were steeper than found in other tropical biomes, indicating a possible adaptation to the lower light availability in TMCFs because of frequent cloud cover, or a consequence of little atmospheric evaporative demand, which is also due to the humid conditions in this forest type. Although N-Vcmax relationships were significant (P<0.05), the fit was not very strong and the relationship between nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and Vcmax indicates that TMCF species can be regarded as a different plant functional type compared with other tropical forest types. Diurnal measurements of net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potential (Yleaf) showed that different TMCF species experienced non-contrasting diurnal patterns of Yleaf and gs in the dry season. The observed patterns suggest that some TMCF species can be classified as isohydric species, while others behave anisohydrically. Additionally, in situ gs was not very responsive to these to the range of experienced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapour pressure deficit (VPD) or soil water content (SWC), leading to the conclusion that in the studied TMCF, drought stress does not play a role in C-uptake. When using the measured photosynthetic parameters for up-scaling C-uptake to stand scale with a Soil-Plant-Atmosphere model, simulated annual gross primary productivity (GPP) was 16.24 ±1.6 T C ha-1 yr-1, which is about half the GPP observed in neotropical lowland rainforests. Analyses of the modelled results showed that GPP in this TMCF is mostly controlled by temperature, PAR and leaf area index (LAI) and when increasing these three factors to values found in tropical lowland forest, GPP increased up to 75%. In addition, the modelled results indicate that hydraulic limitations on TMCF C-uptake are very unlikely under current climatic conditions. The modelled results also showed that increases in radiation as a result of less cloud cover do not translate to straightforward increases of GPP. The cloudy conditions of TMCFs, which reduced incident PAR in TMCFs, should therefore not be regarded simply as a negative control on TMCF GPP. Instead, the increase in fraction of diffuse radiation partially offsets the decrease in GPP following the reduction in PAR. Overall, the results of this study show that leaves of Andean TMCF forests have similar C-uptake capacity to tropical lowland rainforests when standardized to similar temperatures, but that for in situ C-uptake temperature, radiation and LAI are the key controls.
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Paulsch, Axel. "Development and application of a classification system for undisturbed and disturbed tropical montane forests based on vegetation structure." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965907287.
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Xu, Shiyong, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Sensitivity analysis of a carbon simulation model and its application in a montane forest environment." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/366.
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Accurate estimation of Net Primary Productivity (NPP), which is a key
component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, is very important in studies of global climate.
Ecosystem models have been used for NPP estimates. Determining how much each
source of uncertainty contributes to modeled NPP is veiy important before ecosystem
models can be used with confidence over larger areas and time periods. This research has
systematically evaluated the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator (BEPS) carbon
model in mountainous terrain, Kananaskis, Alberta. After parameterization of the model,
sensitivity analysis was conducted as a controlled series of experiments involving
sensitivity simulations with BEPS by changing a model input value in separate model
runs. The results showed that NPP was sensitive to most model inputs measured in the
study area, but that the most important input variables for BEPS were LAI and forest
species. In addition, the NPP uncertainty resulting from topographic influence was
approximately 3.5 %, which is equivalent to 140 kg C ha"1 yr"1. This suggested that
topographic correction for the model inputs was also important for accurate NPP
estimation.
Using the topographically corrected data, the carbon dynamics were simulated, and average annual NPP production by forests in Kananaskis was estimated at 4.01 T ha"1
in 2003.xix, 117 leaves : col. ill. ; 29 cm.
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Dittrich, Sebastian [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hauck, and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner. "Influence of forest age dynamics on ground vegetation and epiphytic diversity in montane spruce forests / Sebastian Dittrich. Gutachter: Markus Hauck ; Christoph Leuschner. Betreuer: Markus Hauck." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046721925/34.
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Martinson, Guntars O. Verfasser], Edzo [Akademischer Betreuer] Veldkamp, and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hölscher. "Trace Gas Fluxes from Tropical Montane Forests of Southern Ecuador / Guntars O. Martinson. Gutachter: Edzo Veldkamp ; Dirk Hölscher. Betreuer: Edzo Veldkamp." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1043995528/34.
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Swaminathan, Divya Rajeswari [Verfasser]. "Agricultural transformation and indigenous communities : A case study of the Soliga Communities in the montane forests, Southern India / Divya Rajeswari Swaminathan." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122193807/34.
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Holloway, Simon, and n/a. "Survey protocols for the stream-breeding frogs of Far East Gippsland : the application of habitat modelling and an assessment of techniques." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.150009.
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This study developed a heirarchical approach to improve the efficiency and reliability of
surveys for stream-breeding frogs in the montane forests of south-eastern Australia.
Areas with suitable climate for some of these species were first determined by
bioclimatic modelling. Landscape and habitat preferences were then determined for the
four species commonly found in far East Gippsland, along with an assessment of survey
techniques from which effective survey protocols were developed.
The climate of localities at which five stream-breeding species had been previously
found was modelled using BIOCLIM, and maps of the predicted potential distributions
having similar climate were developed. Litoria phyllochroa was found to occur in
coastal to alpine areas from Melbourne to Nowra, and potentially further inland, in areas
with relatively low temperatures and low summer rainfall. Litoria lesueuri had a
slightly larger known and predicted distribution, covering a wide range of values for the
temperature and precipitation parameters. Both species had predicted areas inland from
Melbourne and the Blue Mountains where they had never been recorded, probably
largely due to land clearing. The rare Heleioporus australiacus had a slightly more
northerly distribution, closer to the coast and adjacent ranges from Central Gippsland to
just north of Sydney, with a generally warmer climate and large range of average annual
precipitation values. Litoria citropa occupies an even narrower area along the coast,
extending slightly further north again, with a climatic profile of few extremes but with
relatively high rainfall particularly in summer. The rare Mixophyes balbus had a more
northerly known and predicted narrow range along the NSW coast, just extending into
Victoria and Queensland, characterised by the subtropical influence of higher summer
rainfall. The southern extension into far East Gippsland appears to have an extreme
sub-climate, and is hence considered highly susceptible to climate change. Future
monitoring sites for these species can now be systematically chosen to include their full
climatic range, so that any negative effects of climate change on amphibian populations
may have a greater chance of detection.
Four species were found commonly enough in the far East Gippsland study area for
more detailed study - the three stream-breeding specialist species, L. phyllochroa,
L citropa, and L. lesueuri, along with Crinia signifera which was not restricted to
streams but commonly found along them. Three species, L. phyllochroa, L citropa and
L. lesueuri, were not found at the few higher altitudes sites on the Errinundra Plateau,
however they may have been restricted by habitat requirements other than altitude.
Litoria phyllochroa was otherwise widespread, but preferred larger in-stream pools and
backwaters for breeding with overhanging vegetation for perch and call sites. The other
three species preferred stream reaches characterised by wide bedrock outcrops and
associated wide break in the tree canopy, which may allow their preferred perch sites on
rocky substrates to retain heat after sunset. Litoria lesueuri tadpoles were found in both
unconnected and connected pools, and the common association of this species with
bedrock outcrops may explain its range being largely restricted to granitic substratum
where these outcrops mostly occurred. Litoria citropa preferred reaches with bedrock
and boulder outcrops, although frogs used both rocky and vegetative substrates as perch
sites, with tadpoles caught in both unconnected pools and backwaters. Crinia signifera
tadpoles were mostly restricted to unconnected pools, with frogs generally only detected
within or very close beside these.
Habitat models varied in their predictive ability, from 67.5% for L. phyllochroa frogs to
92.7% for L. lesueuri tadpoles. Models developed from normally-distributed habitat
variables by discriminant function analysis were generally more predictive than those
from logistic regression analysis. The occurrence of frogs and tadpoles of
L. phyllochroa, L. citropa and L. lesueuri can be predicted by the measurement of five
habitat variables along a 50m reach: average width between the banks, average channel
width, an average of the maximum depth of channel cross-sections along the reach,
channel slope, and proportion of the stream length as pools. The occurrence of
C. signifera along reaches can be predicted with the additional measurement of the
proportion of the banks covered in ferns, the maximum cross-sectional channel depth
along the reach, and the number of unconnected pools.
Several different techniques for surveying frogs were compared for the four species
commonly found along the streams. Probability of detection models were derived for
each species for each technique, which allowed calculation of the statistical confidence
of detecting a species that actually occurred at a site for any given number of surveys.
For transect-based techniques, models were also developed which allowed
determination of the minimum number of surveys required without detecting a species
to be 95 percent statistically confident that the species did not occur there, for various
transect lengths. This level of confidence can be obtained for the four common species
by four surveys using the reliable night encounter technique along 500m stream
transects, during the period from Ocotber to March, with air temperatures above 10°C.
The application of habitat models to select favourable 50m reaches for survey also
generally improved the detectability of each species.
Timer-activated tape recorders, which automatically recorded the calls of frogs for many
consecutive nights at a site, were very efficient at detecting all species except the quietcalling
L. lesueuri. Night encounter surveys along stream transects detected all species
from a reasonable effort, and dip-netting for tadpoles was also effective for most
species. Active visual encounter surveys were less reliable, and day encounter surveys
detected few frogs but provided some additional data when other activities were being
performed along the streams.
The findings of this study have important implications for future amphibian surveys and
monitoring undertaken in East Gippsland and the south coast of New South Wales. If
the standardised survey techniques recommended by this study are used in
Environmental Impact Assessments, their results can be objectively assessed and
defended. The use of habitat modelling and improvement in survey reliability can also
be used more efficiently to find sites with populations suitable for monitoring. The
likely amount of effort required by a long-term monitoring program can also be
determined so as to largely overcome daily variations in the detection of each species.
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Bittencourt, Paulo Roberto de Lima 1987. "How does fog affects microclimatic conditions and leaf functioning in tropical montane cloud forests? = Como a neblina afeta as condições microclimáticas e o funcionamento foliar em florestas nebulares montanas nos trópicos?" [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316208.
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Orientador: Rafael Silva OliveiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Matas nebulares montanas tropicais (MNMT) são ecossistemas frequentemente inundados por neblinas, o que influencia quase todos os aspectos de seu funcionamento. MNMTs são extremamente importantes devido aos serviços ecossistêmicos que provêm, principalmente hidrológicos, e devido a sua alta biodiversidade. Com mudanças climáticas e de uso de terra já acontencendo há urgência em compreender o funcionamento de MNMTs para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação e restauração. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e quantificar os efeitos da neblina no microclima e funcionamento foliar de MNMTs. Medimos a ocorrência de neblina, variáveis microclimáticas, parâmetros fotossintéticos e usamos uma nova metodologia para medir a capacidade de absorção foliar de água de cinco espécies abundantes de uma MNMT na região de Campos do Jordão, Brasil. Utilizamos esses dados para estimar os efeitos da neblina na disponibilidade hídrica, na demanda de água da atmosfera, na fotossíntese potencial, na absorção foliar de água e no balanço térmico foliar de MNMTs. A neblina teve um forte efeito no aumento da disponibilidade hídrica do solo e na redução da demanda atmosférica de água. A neblina apresentou um efeito negligível na redução da fotossíntese potencial das espécies estudadas. Nós apresentamos, pela primeira vez, estimativas do efeito da neblina no balanço térmico foliar mostrando que ela possui um importante papel em amenizar as temperaturas foliares médias durante o dia, reduzindo-as em 0.5oC por cada hora de ocorrência de neblina. Nós encontramos que a absorção foliar de água constituí uma fonte importante de água para as espécies estudadas, com a neblina noturna possuindo o potencial de reidratar as folhas de duas das espécies estudadas das suas condições mais secas até hidratação total em mais de 50% das noites. Diferenças na capacidade de absorção foliar de água das espécies estudadas sugere que a absorção foliar é um nicho importante de recursos com o potencial de selecionar características foliares relacionadas à eficiência de absorção foliar de água em espécies de MNMTs
Abstract: Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) are ecosystem with frequent fog immersion influencing almost all aspects of its functioning.TMCFs are extremely important both due to the ecosystem services it provides, particularly hydrologically, and because of its high biodiversity. With climate and land use changes already happening there is urgency on understanding TMCFs functioning to devise conservation and restoration strategies. The objective of this work is to analyze and quantify fog effects on the microclimate and leaf functioning of TMCFs. We measured fog occurrence, microclimatic variables, photosynthetic parameters and used a new methodology to measure foliar water uptake capacity of five abundant TMCFs tree species in the region of Campos do Jordão, Brazil, We used these data to estimate fog effects on water availability, atmospheric water demand, potential photosynthesis, leaf water uptake and leaf thermal balance of TMCF. Fog had a pronounced effect on increasing soil water availability and reducing atmospheric water demand. Fog had a negligible effect on reducing potential photosynthesis of the studied species. We provide for the first time estimates of fog effects on leaf thermal balance showing it has an important effect on buffering mean daytime leaf temperatures by reducing it 0.5oC for each hour of fog occurence. We found that foliar uptake of fog water constitutes an important water source for the studied species, with nocturnal fog having the potential to rehydrate leaves of two of the studied species from its driest conditions to fully rehydration more than 50% of the nights. Differences in foliar water uptake capacity in the studied species suggests leaf water uptake is an important resource niche with potential of selecting leaf water uptake related traits in TMCFs species
Mestrado
Ecologia
Mestre em Ecologia
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De, Clerck Fabrice Alain Jacqueline. "The effect of conifer richness on stand biomass, stability and resource use efficiency in upper montane conifer forests of the northern Sierra Nevada /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Mosher, Stella G. M. S. "Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Nitrogen Isotope Values Indicate that Increased Relative Humidity from Fog Decreases Plant Water Use Efficiency in a Subtropical Montane Cloud Forest." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1430750042.
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Andrews, Shilo F., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Tracing changes in uptake of precipitation and groundwater and associated consequences for physiology of Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine trees in montane forests of SW Alberta." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological Sciences, c2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2482.
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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) in southwestern Alberta were studied to determine the water sources used and the effect of changing soil moisture on tree ecophysiological function. The hydrogen stable isotope ratios of water from local groundwater and precipitation were compared to tree stem water to determine the amount of stem water coming from those two sources. There were no significant differences between species in the portion of summer precipitation taken up. However, Douglas-fir shifted towards using more groundwater as shallow soil moisture declined. In addition, Douglas-fir showed large changes in shoot water potential, but maintained relatively constant rates of oxygen evolution, whereas lodgepole pine exhibited smaller changes in shoot water potential and had severely reduced rates of oxygen evolution during mid-summer drought. Lower leaf-area to sap-wood area and higher leaf δ13C (carbon isotope composition) suggested a less efficient hydraulic system in Douglas-fir compared to lodgepole pine.x, 91 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Lippok, Denis [Verfasser], Isabell [Akademischer Betreuer] Hensen, Helge [Akademischer Betreuer] Bruelheide, and Karen [Akademischer Betreuer] Holl. "Effects of deforestation and climate change on tropical montane forests : a case study from the Bolivian Andes ; [kumulative Dissertation] / Denis Lippok. Betreuer: Isabell Hensen ; Helge Bruelheide ; Karen Holl." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053326408/34.
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Matson, Amanda [Verfasser], Edzo [Akademischer Betreuer] Veldkamp, Marife [Akademischer Betreuer] Corre, and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Butterbach-Bahl. "Canopy soil nutrient cycling and response to elevated nutrient levels along an elevation gradient of tropical montane forests / Amanda Matson. Gutachter: Marife Corre ; Klaus Butterbach-Bahl. Betreuer: Edzo Veldkamp." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105028867X/34.
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Saavedra, Agramont Francisco [Verfasser], Isabell [Akademischer Betreuer] Hensen, Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] Garcia, and Karen [Akademischer Betreuer] Holl. "Seed dispersal by birds in tropical montane forests : towards a functional understanding of seed-dispersal effectiveness after deforestation ; [kumulative Dissertation] / Francisco Saavedra Agramont. Betreuer: Isabell Hensen ; Daniel Garcia ; Karen Holl." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069105279/34.
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Müller, Anke Katrin [Verfasser], Edzo [Akademischer Betreuer] Veldkamp, Marife [Akademischer Betreuer] Corre, and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Butterbach-Bahl. "Soil greenhouse gas fluxes under elevated nutrient input along an elevation gradient of tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador / Anke Katrin Müller. Gutachter: Edzo Veldkamp ; Marife Corre ; Klaus Butterbach-Bahl. Betreuer: Edzo Veldkamp." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060246465/34.
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Ferreira, Tiago de Souza. "Raridade de espécies arbóreas em fragmentos florestais no Planalto Sul Catarinense." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1919.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-04This study was conducted in different fragments in Planalto Sul Catarinense distributed in along an altitudinal gradient. The objective of the first chapter was to identify local rarity patterns and its proportions, basing on characteristics of habitat range and population size. For this, a vegetational matrix of tree species abundance, from 11 sampling units distributed in different forest fragments in Planalto Sul Catarinense region, was elaborated. In each of sampling plots all living tree individuals with diameter at breast height (dbh) greater than or equal to 5cm were counted and identified. The local rarity patterns were defined through a grid of descriptors used to classify the species in four categories: NE = non-specific species; R1 = scarce euryecious species; R2 = non-scarce stenoecious species; R3 = scarce stenoecious species. From all 144 analyzed tree species, 92 (63.89%) were classified as non-specific (NE). The rarity form R1 demonstrated 5 (3.47%) species, the rarity form R2 showed 33 (22.92%) species and the form R3 had 14 (9.72%) species. The most important conditioning of rarity was habitat preference, i.e., stenoecious species, represented in rarities forms R2 and R3. The species classified in rarity form R3 are those that require the most concentrated efforts in conservation measures. In the second chapter the present study aimed to analyze how the distribution and the richness of rare tree species occurs along an altitudinal gradient, in Araucaria Forests fragments. For this, tree species (diameter at breast height ≥ 5 cm) were sampled in 10 forest fragments located on different altitudinal floors in Planalto Sul Catarinense region, totaling 10ha of sampling area. The species with only one or two individuals in at least one fragment were classified as rare. The species distribution was verified by a dendrogram constructed through the Jaccard floristic distance index and the UPGMA clustering algorithm. The total species richness per forest fragment and the number of rare species was compared among montane and upper-montane sub-formation by the Mann-Whitney (U) test. The relationship between the altitude and the values of total richness and number of rare species in each fragment were determined by simple linear regressions. The results indicated the formation of two groups of rare species, in function of the altitude floor. Despite the total richness of communities decreases with increasing altitude, the number of rare tree species did not change significantly. We conclude that in the Planalto Sul Catarinense region, the fragments of Araucaria Forest have different set of rare species according to altitude and that the reduction of the richness of communities with increasing altitudinal floor is not accompanied by a reduction in the number of rare species
Este trabalho foi realizado na região fito-ecológica do Planalto Sul Catarinense em fragmentos localizados em diferentes cotas altitudinais. O primeiro capítulo teve como objetivo identificar os padrões de raridade local e suas proporções, com base nas características de amplitude de habitat e tamanho populacional. Para isso, foi elaborada uma matriz vegetacional de abundância de espécies arbóreas a partir de 11 unidades amostrais distribuídas em diferentes fragmentos florestais na região do Planalto Sul Catarinense. Em cada unidade amostral foram contados e identificados todos os indivíduos arbóreos que apresentaram diâmetro na altura do peito (DAP) igual ou superior a 5 cm. Para definir os padrões de raridade local foi utilizada uma grade de descritores que classificou as espécies em quatro categorias: NE= espécies não-específicas; R1= espécies escassas eurióicas; R2= espécies não-escassas estenóicas; R3= espécies escassas estenóicas. Das 144 espécies arbóreas analisadas, 92 (63,89%) foram não-específicas (NE). A forma de raridade R1 apresentou cinco (3,47%) espécies, a forma R2 apresentou 33 (22,92%) espécies e a forma R3 apresentou 14 (9,72%) espécies. O condicionante mais importante da raridade foi a preferência por habitat, ou seja, espécies estenóicas, representadas nas formas de raridade R2 e R3. As espécies classificadas na forma de raridade R3 são as que mais necessitam concentração de esforços em medidas de conservação. O segundo capítulo buscou verificar como a distribuição e a riqueza de espécies raras ocorrem em fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal. Foram amostradas espécies arbóreas (diâmetro na altura do peito ≥ 5cm) em 10 fragmentos florestais localizados em diferentes pisos altitudinais do Planalto Sul Catarinense, numa área total de 10ha. As espécies que apresentaram número de indivíduos igual ou inferior a dois em pelo menos um fragmento foram classificadas como raras. A distribuição das espécies foi verificada por meio de um dendrograma construído a partir do índice de distância florística de Jaccard e o algoritmo de agrupamento UPGMA. A riqueza total de espécies por fragmento florestal e o número de espécies raras foi comparada entre as subformações Montana e Alto-Montana por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney (U). As relações entre a altitude e os valores de riqueza total e número de espécies raras em cada fragmento foram determinadas por meio de regressões lineares simples. Os resultados indicaram a formação de dois grandes grupos de espécies raras, em função do piso altitudinal. Apesar da riqueza total das comunidades diminuir com o aumento da altitude, o número de espécies raras não apresentou alterações significativas. Conclui-se que na região do Planalto Sul Catarinense, os fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista apresentam diferentes conjunto de espécies arbóreas raras de acordo com altitude e que a redução da riqueza das comunidades com o aumento do piso altitudinal não é acompanhado pela redução do número de espécies raras
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Saraiva, Adriana Cristina Rosa. "Influence of variations micro-environmental in the community of palm montane tropical rain forest, Núcleo Santa Virginia, State Park of Serra dos Mar SP, Brazil." Universidade de Taubaté, 2010. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=138.
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O trabalho foi realizado na Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana (Núcleo Santa Virgínia - Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo, situado entre 2317 a 2324S e 4503 a 4511W), com o objetivo de avaliar como as variações micro-ambientais de solo, liteira e topografia influenciam a composição e estrutura da comunidade de palmeiras. Em duas parcelas permanentes de um hectare, A e B, divididas em três transecções de 10x100 m e subparcelas de 10x10m, foram levantadas todas as palmeiras existentes com o propósito de conhecer a riqueza das espécies e estrutura das populações. Nas sub-parcelas amostras de solo foram coletadas para a determinação das propriedades química e física do solo; a espessura de liteira foi determinada em cinco pontos aleatórios; e a microtopografia de cada uma foi classificada em cume, vertente e vale. Nas duas parcelas (A e B) foram amostrados 3161 ind./0,6 ha e quatro espécies: Euterpe edulis, Geonoma gamiova, Geonoma pohliana e Geonoma schottiana. A fração dominante do solo ao longo de todos transectos foi a areia, em especial nos vales. A camada de liteira variou de espessura entre as classes topográficas. As variáveis K, P, Ca e Mg apresentaram baixos teores nas parcelas e conseqüentemente também foram baixos os teores da soma de bases. A saturação por bases foi baixa nas parcelas devido a alta concentração de Al e a baixa fertilidade do solo. A heterogeneidade micro-ambiental ocasionou variação na distribuição e composição de apenas algumas espécies de palmeiras, em especial o gênero Geonoma, apesar do maior número de indivíduos da E. edulis. A elevada densidade das espécies de palmeiras estudadas são indícios que as mesma estão adaptadas a condições de alta acidez, baixa fertilidade e umidade dolo, podendo ser indicadoras de alto potencial de seu emprego para recuperação de áreas degradadas em especial nas encostas e topos de morro.The work was conducted in tropical montane rain forest (Núcleo Santa Virginia State Park of Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil, situated in 23172324S and 45034511W), in order to assess how the micro-environmental variations of soil, topography and litter affect the composition and structure of the palm community. In two one hectare permanent plots, A and B, divided into three transects (10x100 m) and subplots (10x10m), it were surveyed all existing palms with the purpose of to know the richness of species and population structure. In sub-plots soil samples were collected to determine the chemical and physical properties of soil, thickness of litter was determined in five random points, and microtopography of each one was classified into ridge, slope and valley. In the two plots (A and B) were sampled 3161 individuals/0.6 ha and four species: Euterpe edulis, Geonoma gamiova, Geonoma pohliana and Geonoma schottiana. The soil dominant fraction in all transects was the sand, especially the valleys. The thickness of the litter layer ranged in between topographic classes. The variables K, P, Ca and Mg showed low levels in the plots and consequently were also low the levels of the basis sum. The saturation basis was low in the plots due to high concentration of Al and low soil fertility. The micro-environmental heterogeneity caused variation in the distribution and composition of a few species of palms, especially the genus Geonoma, despite the larger number of individuals of E. edulis. The high density of palm species studied are indications that the same are adapted to conditions of high acidity, low fertility, and moisture soil, which could indicate a high potential for their use for restoration of degraded areas especially on hillsides and hilltops.
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Cárate, Tandalla Dayssy Maritza Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, Dirk [Gutachter] [Hölscher, and Jürgen [Gutachter] Homeier. "Effects of moderate Nitrogen and Phosphorus addition on the species composition and dynamics of the three seedlings community in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador / Dayssy Maritza Cárate Tandalla ; Gutachter: Dirk Hölscher, Jürgen Homeier ; Betreuer: Christoph Leuschner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111790847X/34.
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Healey, John Robert. "Regeneration in a Jamaican montane tropical rainforest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335160.
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Weston, Kerry Anne. "Mistletoe reproductive mutualisms in a West African montane forest." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4460.
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In this thesis I investigated the importance of plant-animal mutualisms to the reproductive success of three West African mistletoe species in two genera, Globimetula braunii, Agelanthus
brunneus and A. djurensis, in Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve, Nigeria.
The flowers of all three mistletoes were visited by 3 - 4 species of sunbird. Agelanthus flowers were also visited by honeybees (Apis mellifera) and a small social wasp species (Vespinae). A. mellifera appeared to be robbing nectar from the flowers of A. brunneus. To investigate the relative role of pollinators, I compared flower opening and fruit set amongst bagged, caged, natural, hand-selfed and hand-crossed treatments. The flowers of G. braunii were able to selfopen on average 66% of the time when pollinators were excluded, whereas pollinators were essential to the flower opening mechanism of both Agelanthus spp. Insects were as effective at opening the flowers of Agelanthus spp. as sunbirds. However, flower opening ability did not translate directly into pollination effectiveness, as insect access alone did not result in significantly higher fruit set than that observed under the bagged condition. There was no significant evidence for autonomous selfing within any of the three mistletoes and thus reproduction was almost entirely reliant on 3 – 4 species of sunbird. Hand-pollinations of all three species indicated a high level of self-compatibility, and in one species, G. braunii, pollen limitation was evident (PLI = 0.504).
To investigate dispersal mutualisms amongst the three mistletoe species, fruit ripening and removal were monitored. The fruits of all three mistletoe species appeared to be removed rapidly from plants as they ripened, with few ripe or overripe fruits present on the branches at any time. Dispersal efficiency, or the total proportion of fruit crop removed across the fruiting season, was also very high (>90%) for the Agelanthus spp. but lower in G. braunii, for which almost a third of the total fruit crop was recorded undispersed in fruit nets beneath plants.
Mistletoes are an important component of West African montane forests. Disruption to mistletoe reproductive mutualisms may affect not only mistletoes and their mutualists directly, but also an entire network of species, all linked within a web of interactions. To protect these ecosystems from further degradation, increased community involvement and greater enforcement of laws set out to manage montane forest habitat across the region is essential. Without this support, the future of these ecosystems and the web of interacting species within remains tenuous.
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Wolff, Doris Anne. "Pollination biology of gentianales in a southern Ecuadorian montane forest." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979001625.
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Dutton, Paul Edward. "Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) ecology in a Nigerian montane forest." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8187.
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Due to high levels of exploitation, habitat loss and habitat degradation, Pan troglodytes has
experienced such a significant population reduction over the past 20 to 30 years that it is
now on the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources) Red List of Endangered Species.
The Nigerian chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes ellioti (Gray 1862), is the most endangered of
the four subspecies of chimpanzee. It has the smallest distribution and smallest population
size, estimated in 2011 to be between 3,500 – 9,000 individuals. P. t. ellioti was first
recognized as a distinct subspecies in 1997, and in 2008 an Action Plan Study Group was
set up with the goal to determine the priority sites for its conservation and the actions that
should be taken to ensure its long-term survival. The Action Plan was published in 2011
and this thesis is timely as it begins to answer some of the questions deemed important in
the action plan.
The overall aim of this study was to explore the ecology and behaviour of a small, isolated
montane population of P. t. ellioti with the aim of making a useful contribution to future
recommendations for the management and conservation of this subspecies. Specifically, I
estimated the density of chimpanzees in Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve, Taraba State, Nigeria
and investigated their nesting ecology, elementary technology, diet, seed dispersal and the
viability of seeds dispersed by the chimpanzees.
I estimated chimpanzee density by using a combination of direct (direct observation) and
indirect methods using nest counts. My investigation of nesting ecology concentrated on
identifying habitat variables that influenced choice of nesting site. I assessed elementary
technology by locating and describing both manufactured artefacts and unmanufactured
objects, and I then located evidence from the surrounding environment to establish details
about their presence or absence.
Chimpanzee diet was assessed using evidence from faecal samples and artefacts. In order
to identify preferences and agents involved in removal of various seed species ingested and
dispersed by chimpanzees I set-up a series of experiments using plots into which seed piles
were added. Lastly, I compared the rate of germination of conspecific seeds which had
been passed through a chimpanzee gut with those that had not been dispersed.
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Bale, Adam M. Guyette Richard P. "Fire effects and litter accumulation dynamics in a montane longleaf pine ecosystem." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6553.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 16, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Richard P. Guyette. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cury, Letícia Duron. "Efeito do plantio de Pinus elliottii sobre a remoção de sementes em fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181565.
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Orientador: Sérgio CamposCoorientador: Roberta Thays dos Santos Cury
Banca: Felipe Wanderley de Amorim
Banca: Renata Cristina Batista Fonseca
Resumo: A conversão de florestas naturais em pastagens, lavouras ou reflorestamentos homogêneos com espécies exóticas, pode influenciar processos ecológicos importantes alterando a dinâmica florestal. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar se reflorestamentos homogêneos de Pinus elliottii influenciam a remoção de sementes em uma vegetação secundária de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana adjacente. Assim, formulamos três hipóteses: (1) a remoção de sementes será maior na vegetação secundária de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana adjacente ao plantio de Pinus elliottii, em especial, onde as plantações se encontram em estágio inicial de desenvolvimento; (2) a remoção de sementes na vegetação secundária de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana será maior quanto mais distante da borda com plantio de Pinus elliottii; e (3) a remoção de sementes será diferente entre as espécies de Syagrus romanzoffiana, Araucaria angustifolia e Pinus elliottii. Foram selecionadas seis áreas de plantios de Pinus elliottii adjacentes a vegetação secundária de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana. Em cada área foram instalados cinco pontos amostrais, distribuídos ao longo de um transecto a uma distância de 0, 10, 25, 50 e 100 metros da borda florestal. Em cada ponto foram depositadas 13 sementes de cada espécie analisada. O monitoramento das sementes foi realizado após dois, sete, nove, 14 e 21 dias. No geral a taxa de remoção foi elevada para todas as espécies (100% para espécie Syagrus romanzoffiana, 98% para Pinus elliot... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Conversion of natural forests to pasture, crop or homogeneous reforestation with exotic species can influence important ecological processes by changing the forest dynamics. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of Pinus elliottii plantation on seed predation in a Mixed Ombrophilous Montane secondary forest. Thus, we formulate three hypotheses: (1) seed removal will be greater in the Mixed Ombrophilous Montane secondary forest adjacent to Pinus elliottii plantation, especially where the plantations are in early stages; (2) seed removal will be greater in the Mixed Ombrophilous Montane secondary forest farther from the forest edge; and, (3) seed removal will be different among Syagrus romanzoffiana, Araucaria angustifolia and Pinus elliottii species. Six Pinus elliottii areas adjacent to Mixed Ombrophylous Montane secondary forest were selected. In each area, five plots were distributed along 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 meters from the forest edge. Were deposited 13 seeds by species in each plot. Seeds were monitored during two, seven, nine, 14 and 21 days. In general the removal rate was high for all species (100% for Syagrus romanzoffiana, 98% for Pinus elliottii and 49% for Araucaria angustifolia). Similarly, all distances from the forest edge showed high seed removal, however, Araucaria angustifolia showed reduced seed removal at the edge, with 33% of removal at 0 m against 70% at 100 m. These rates indicate the presence of forest-associated fauna, which may cause predation and/or secondary dispersal. The reduced seed removal of Araucaria angustifolia, a key species for Atlantic Forest, on the forest edge, may indicate losses in the wildlife associated with the forest edge adjacent to the homogeneous planting. In addition, the removal of Pinus elliottii seeds in the forest, if predated, may indicate a reduction of their invasive potential in natural areas.
Mestre
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Améztegui, González Aitor. "Forest dynamics at the montane-subalpine ecotone in the Eastern Pyrenees." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123778.
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L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és avançar en la comprensió de la dinàmica dels boscos mixtos de coníferes de l’ecotò que conformen els estatges montà i subalpí del Pirineu català. Es pretén, en primer lloc, identificar els principals factors ambientals que controlen la dinàmica d’aquestes comunitats per, posteriorment, avaluar com afectaran els canvis que es preveuen en aquests factors a la seva composició i estructura futura. Per assolir aquests objectius, la tesi utilitza diverses aproximacions a diferents escales espacials. Es va detectar que tant els canvis d’usos del sol com el clima, la disponibilitat de llum, la fisiografia i les interaccions planta-planta (competitives o de facilitació) són actors importants per al futur d’aquests boscos. Finalment, es va utilitzar un model de dinàmica forestal espacialment explícit (SORTIE-ND) per tal de simular l’evolució dels boscos objecte d’estudi d’aquesta tesi. Els resultats de les simulacions prediuen un futur canvi en la composició d'aquests boscos, ja que tant A. alba com P. sylvestris podrien trobar condicions adequades per colonitzar àrees actualment ocupades per P. uncinata a causa, respectivament, de la progressiva densificació del bosc i d’un major creixement relacionat amb un augment de les temperatures, respectivament.El objetivo último de esta tesis es comprender mejor la dinámica de los bosques mixtos de coníferas del ecotono entre los pisos montano y subalpino del Pirineo. Se pretende, en primer lugar, identificar los principales factores ambientales que controlan la dinámica de estas comunidades para, posteriormente, evaluar cómo afectará a su composición y estructura futuras los cambios en dichos factores. Para todo ello, se ha utilizado una aproximación a diferentes escalas espaciales. Se pudo detectar que tanto los cambios de uso del suelo como el clima, la disponibilidad de luz, la fisiografía y las interacciones planta-planta (competitivas o de facilitación) resultaron ser actores importantes para el futuro de estos bosques. Finalmente, se utilizó un modelo de dinámica forestal espacialmente explícito (SORTIE-ND) con el fin de simular la evolución de los bosques objeto de estudio de esta tesis. Los resultados de las simulaciones predicen un futuro cambio en la composición de estos bosques, ya que tanto A. alba como P. sylvestris podrían encontrar condiciones adecuadas para colonizar áreas actualmente ocupadas por P. uncinata, debido a la densificación del bosque o a un mayor crecimiento relacionado con un aumento de las temperaturas, respectivamente.
The main objective of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of mixed-conifer forests constituting the montane-subalpine ecotone of the Pyrenees. For this, we identified the main environmental factors that drive the dynamics of these communities to then assess how changes in these factors may affect their future structure and composition. This work was done using a multiscale approach that allowed detecting the key factors determining the dynamics of these systems across different biological scales. We have found land-use changes, climate, light availability, physiography and competitive and facilitative plant-plant interactions to be important actors in the fate of these forests. Finally, we used an individual-based, spatially-explicit model of forest dynamics (SORTIE-ND) in order to simulate the future dynamics of the studied forests. The results of the simulations support the predictions of future biome changes in the Pyrenean subalpine forests, since A. alba and P. sylvestris may find appropriate conditions for colonizing mountain pine dominated stands due to land-use change-related forest densification and climate warming, respectively.
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Greenberg, Jonathan Asher. "Monitoring tropical and montane forest dynamics and structure using remote sensing /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2005.Degree granted in Ecology. Dissertation completed in 2004; degree granted in 2005. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses)
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Marchant, Robert. "Late Quarternary montane vegetation dynamics in Bwindi-impenetrable forest, Central Africa." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11561.
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Mubwindi Swamp in the Rukiga Highlands of south west Uganda is today surrounded by dense stands of moist lower montane forest. A survey of the present-day vegetation combined with an investigation of the surface pollen spectra indicate pollen accumulating on the swamp surface mainly result from taxa within the catchment. This survey also highlights that a combination of climatic, edaphic, demographic and human factors control the present-day composition and distribution of montane forest. Mubwindi Swamp comprises deep accumulations of peat-rich deposits. Pollen data from three cores of sediment provide a partial record of montane vegetation history since at least 43,000 yr B.P. This record is broken by at leat two, and possibly three, sedimentary hiati. Twelve radiocarbon ages, charcoal data from two cores using combination of three methods, and investigations into particle size characteristics place this record of montane vegetation dynamics within a wider palaeoenvironmental debate concerning Pleistocene climates, forest refugia, and human induced impacts on montane forests. Pollen deposited before and soon after the last glacial maximum represents a vegetation composition very different to that of the modern vegetation within the Mubwindi Swamp catchment. Specifically there were increased amounts of Artemisia, Ericaceae, Faurea and Stoebe. However, some elements found within the modern vegetation persisted during these periods, these include Ilex, Olea, Podocarpus and Zanthoxylum. These taxa may have persisted possibly because of favourable topography or soils. The uppermost 5m of deposits in core MB6 from the site are dated to the last 2100 years, and thus provide an opportunity, so far unique for Uganda, and much of central Africa, to record variations in the composition of montane vegetation during the late Holocene. Results of analyses of pollen indicate that lower montane forest has been present in the catchment for Mubwindi Swamp throughout the last 2100 years, despite extensive clearance in other parts of the region over the same period. A transition to a more open - and possibly drier - form of forest is apparent from around 680 yr B.P. This montane forest composition is thought to stem from a recent period of climatic change to less humid conditions. This change is followed by an increased occurrence of pollen from plants presently associated with areas of degraded forest from around 200 yr B.P. and a decrease in pollen from important sources of timber. Some recovery of timber trees is apparent from around 50 yr B.P. Changes in forest composition around 200 years ago could be interpreted as representing slightly increased humidity. However, in view of the nature of these changes, a low level of human impact was probably the most important causal factor. The gazetting of Bwindi-Impenetrable Forest as a Forest Reserve in the early 1930s may have facilitated a recovery of timber trees during the present century.
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Bohrer, Claudio Belmonte de Athayde. "Ecology and biogeography of an Atlantic montane forest in southeastern Brazil." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22743.
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The Brazilian Atlantic forest is considered an area of highest priority for conservation. This present study concentrates on the Macae de Cima Reserve of Nova Friburgo, state of Rio de Janeiro. The research aim is to characterise the variations in the structure and floristic composition of the forest and to investigate their relationships with the physical environment at local and regional scales. The local analysis is based on vegetation and soil data collected in ten 20x20 m (400m2) plots established at different sites within the Reserve. An analysis at a regional level was also carried out, comparing floristic and environmental data from 51 areas within the Atlantic forest domain. Both analyses are based on multivariate techniques. Aerial photographs, Landsat TM satellite imagery and other spatial data are analysed through digital image process and geographical information system software. The Reserve is covered mainly by dense primary and old growth secondary tropical forest. Montane forest is the dominant vegetation type, covering slopes up to 1500m altitude. The high montane forest occurs on top-slopes, restricted mountain ridge areas. Secondary forests occur mainly on medium and lower slopes. The forest as a whole has an average density of 1108 trees/ha, and an average basal area of 43 m2/ha. The average total height is 14m, and the average wood volume reaches 171.3 m3/ha. A total of 445 trees were measured in the sampling plots, representing a total of 164 species. Myrtaceae has the greatest number of species, followed by Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Monimiaceae, Rubiaceae, Clusiaceae, Moraceae and Sapindaceae.
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Janssen, Philippe. "Influences relatives de l'ancienneté et de la maturité sur la biodiversité : implications pour la conservation en forêts de montagne." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS024/document.
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Depuis les années 1980, de nombreuses études ont montré l’importance des peuplements forestiers très matures et de leurs attributs constitutifs (arbres de gros diamètre, bois morts…) pour la conservation de la biodiversité forestière. Ces travaux ont permis d’initier un processus en faveur d’une meilleure reconnaissance de la fonction écologique des forêts. La plupart de ces études ne tiennent cependant pas compte de la notion d’ancienneté des forêts, i.e. de la continuité temporelle de l’état boisé. Cette notion apparaît pourtant pertinente pour expliquer la répartition de certaines espèces. Ainsi, une forêt ancienne, même rajeunie par une perturbation, pourrait jouer un rôle pour la conservation de la biodiversité tout aussi important qu’une forêt récente constituée de peuplements très matures. Cette relation a priori contrastée entre biodiversité et maturité d’une part et biodiversité et ancienneté d’autre part, soulève de nombreuses questions quant aux choix stratégiques à mettre en place pour une conservation et une gestion optimale de la biodiversité en forêts. Plus généralement, ces notions permettent de questionner l’influence relative des activités humaines passées et actuelles sur la biodiversité forestière. Afin de préciser les effets relatifs de l’ancienneté et de la maturité sur la biodiversité, une approche combinant géohistoire et sciences de l’environnement a été mise en place. Un dispositif d’étude de 70 sites, croisant des forêts anciennes ou récentes avec des peuplements peu matures ou très matures, a été développé dans les Préalpes francçaises (Vercors, Chartreuse et Bauges). Pour chacun des sites, l’ancienneté et la maturité ont été caractérisées et quatre groupes taxinomiques ont été inventoriés : flore vasculaire, coléoptères saproxyliques, collemboles et macrolichens épiphytes. Nos résultats indiquent une absence flagrante d’effet d’héritage dû aux usages passés, à la fois dans les sols et sur la biodiversité. Les espèces étaient avant tout influencées par la maturité des peuplements, notamment la diversité des bois morts pour les coléoptères saproxyliques et l’ouverture de la canopée pour la flore vasculaire. Le sol, à travers le pH et les formes d’humus, avait également un rôle structurant fort sur la flore vasculaire et les collemboles, et le climat, à travers les températures, sur les coléoptères saproxyliques. Cet effet limité de l’ancienneté, comparativement aux études antérieures, est à mettre en relation avec le contexte écologique, paysager et historique des forêts de montagne : fort taux de boisement, forte proportion de forêts anciennes, surfaces boisées peu fragmentées, usage ancien peu impactant et gestion forestière actuelle assez extensive. Nos résultats montrent ainsi que l’effet des usages anciens sur la biodiversité dépend fortement du contexte. Ils soulignent l’importance de la prise en compte des conditions environnementales locales, attributs de maturité mais aussi conditions climatiques et édaphiques, pour une compréhension plus fine des patrons de biodiversité en forêts de montagneSince the 1980s, numerous studies had shown the importance of stand maturity, especially old-growth habitat features (very large trees, deadwood…) for forest biodiversity conservation. This work led to a better recognition of the ecological function of forests. However, most of these studies do not take account of forest continuity, i.e. the temporal continuity in forested condition. Forest continuity has been used to explain some species distribution. Therefore, ancient forests, even rejuvenated by disturbances, may be of greater conservation interest for biodiversity than recent forests composed of overmature stands. This a priori contrasting relationship between biodiversity and stand maturity on the one hand and biodiversity and forest continuity on the other hand, raises many questions about the most appropriate policy choices to conserve and manage adequately forest biodiversity. More generally, these concepts allow the questioning of the relative influence of past and present human-induced environmental changes on forest biodiversity. To clarify the relative effects of forest continuity and stand maturity on biodiversity, we developed an approach in which we combined historical ecology and environmental sciences. We established 70 sites in the French Prealps (Vercors, Chartreuse and Bauges) in which we crossed ancient or recent forests with mature or overmature stands. For each site we characterized forest continuity and stand maturity and assessed the response of four taxonomic groups: vascular plants, saproxylic beetles, springtails and epiphytic macrolichens. Results showed an obvious lack of legacy effect on both soil conditions and biodiversity. Species were above all influenced by stand maturity, especially deadwood diversity for saproxylic beetles and canopy openness for vascular plants. Soil conditions, through pH and humus forms, had also a great structuring role on vascular plants and springtails, and climatic conditions, through temperature, on saproxylic beetles. Comparatively to previous studies, this quite limited effect of forest continuity can be linked with the ecological, landscape and historical context of mountain forests: high percentage of forest cover, high proportion of ancient forests, low-fragmented wooded areas, past land use being low impacting and current extensive forest management. Overall, our results show that the effect of forest continuity on biodiversity is context dependent and underline the necessity to better account for local environmental conditions, stand maturity attributes but also climatic and edaphic conditions, to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns in mountain forests
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Dallabrida, Juliana Pizutti. "Regeneração natural inicial do componente arbustivo-arbóreo em áreas campestres alto-montanas no Planalto Sul Catarinense." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2016. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2323.
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Capes
This study aimed to determine the influence of landscape nucleating elements on the natural regeneration of shrub-tree species, to understand the dynamics of regeneration and to determine how the dynamics patterns are influenced by environmental variables. The study was conducted in three grassland areas, adjacent to fragments of upper-montane Araucaria Forest, located in Santa Catarina Southern Plateau. In each area, located in the municipality of Urubici, a survey of the regeneration of woody species, of the nucleating elements and of environmental variables were conducted. Three transects, one per area, of 20x100 m, subdivided into sub-plots of 10x10 m, were installed perpendicular to the edge of the fragments with their length covering the grassland area. All shrub and tree regenerating individuals higher than or equal to 20 cm height and with dbh (diameter at breast height) < 5 cm, which were classified according to their dispersal syndromes (zoochorous, anemochorous or autochorous), were sampled. Adults (DBH ≥ 5 cm), fallen logs, dead trees and ferns and rocks were tested as nucleating elements. The x and y spatial coordinates of regenerating and nucleators elements were recorded. In each sub-plot, soil physic-chemical properties, the degree of soil compaction and topography were evaluated. One year after the first survey, the study of dynamics of shrub-tree component was conducted, with all individuals recounted, being dead and recruit individuals determined, with the obtainment of demographics rates of mortality, recruitment, net change and turnover for the three communities and populations. The data were analyzed through: O-ring function, for verification of spatial relationship between individuals belonging to different dispersal guilds and nucleating elements; Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by multiple comparison non-parametric tests, and ANOVA, followed by Tuckey tests, for evaluation of differences of environmental variables and demographics rates among areas; chi-square test applied to a contingency table, to verify the association of populations dynamics patterns and their regeneration guilds; correlation test, to analyze the relationships between demographics rates; Principal Component Areas, for identification of relevant environmental gradients; and mixed linear 16 models, for investigation of environmental gradient influence on demographic rates. The spatial relationships between individuals of different dispersal syndromes and nucleating elements were different among areas. Only individuals of zoochoric species presented association with the nucleating elements, being the dead tree ferns, logs and rocks the most effective elements for the regeneration process. The evaluation of dynamics indicated that the natural regeneration process is in an early succession stage and was characterized by the increment of individual abundance; the richness stability; spatial independence between mortality and recruitment; and recruitment limitation in function of low soil natural fertility and high Al availability. We conclude that the establishment of shrub-tree vegetation in the evaluated areas of grassland was influenced by the presence of nucleating elements and by soil nutrient and aluminum availability
Esse trabalho objetivou determinar a influência dos elementos nucleadores da paisagem sobre a regeneração natural de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas, conhecer a dinâmica dessa regeneração e determinar se os padrões encontrados são influenciados pelas variáveis ambientais. O estudo foi realizado em três áreas de campo, adjacentes a fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana, localizadas na região do Planalto Sul Catarinense. Em cada área, situadas no município de Urubici, realizou-se o levantamento da regeneração de espécies lenhosas, dos elementos nucleadores e a caracterização ambiental. Foram instaladas três transecções, uma por área, de 20x100 m, subdividas em sub-parcelas de 10x10 m, perpendiculares à borda dos fragmentos, com sua extensão cobrindo a área de campo. Amostraram-se todos os indivíduos regenerantes arbustivo-arbóreos com 20 cm ou mais de altura e DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito) < 5 cm, que foram classificados, conforme suas síndromes de dispersão, em zoocóricos, anemocóricos ou autocóricos. Os indivíduos adultos (DAP ≥ 5 cm), troncos caídos, xaxins mortos e rochas foram testados como elementos nucleadores. Obtiveram-se as coordenadas espaciais x e y dos regenerantes e dos elementos nucleadores. Em cada sub-parcela, foram coletadas as propriedades físico-químicas dos solos, o grau de compactação dos solos e a topografia. Um ano após o primeiro inventário, foi realizado o estudo de dinâmica do componente arbustivo-arbóreo, com todos os indivíduos recontados, sendo determinados os indivíduos mortos e recrutas, obtendo-se as taxas demográficas de mortalidade, recrutamento, mudança líquida e rotatividade para as três comunidades e por populações. Os dados foram analisados por meio: da função O-rings, para verificar as relações espaciais entre os indivíduos pertencentes a diferentes guildas de dispersão e os elementos nucleadores; teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido por testes de comparações múltiplas não-paramétricas, e ANOVA, seguido por testes de Tuckey, para avaliar a existência de diferenças das variáveis ambientais e taxas demográficas entre as áreas; teste de qui-quadrado aplicado a uma tabela de contingência, para verificar a associação dos padrões de dinâmica 12 das populações e suas respectivas guildas de regeneração; teste de correlação, para analisar as relações entre as taxas demográficas; Análise de Componentes Principais, para identificar gradientes ambientais relevantes; e modelos lineares mistos, para investigar a influência dos gradientes ambientais sobre as taxas demográficas. As relações espaciais entre os indivíduos das diferentes síndromes de dispersão e os elementos nucleadores foram distintas entre as áreas. Somente os indivíduos de espécies zoocóricas se associaram aos elementos nucleadores, sendo os elementos mais efetivos para o processo de regeneração os xaxins mortos, troncos e rochas. As condições ambientais distintas entre as áreas imprimiram diferentes padrões de regeneração e relação com os elementos nucleadores. A avaliação da dinâmica indicou que o processo de regeneração natural se encontra em fase inicial de sucessão e foi caracterizado pelo incremento na abundância de indivíduos, estabilidade na riqueza, independência espacial entre a mortalidade e o recrutamento e limitação do recrutamento em função da baixa fertilidade natural do solo e elevada disponibilidade de Al. Conclui-se que o estabelecimento da vegetação arbustiva-arbórea nas áreas avaliadas de campos foi influenciado pela presença de elementos nucleadores e pela disponibilidade de nutrientes e alumínio no solo
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Amorim, Felipe Wanderley 1982. "A flora esfingófila de uma floresta ombrófila densa montana no sudeste brasileiro e relações mutualísticas com a fauna de Sphingidae." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315382.
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Orientador: Marlies SazimaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Polinização por esfingídeos é provavelmente um dos sistemas menos estudados em comunidades tropicais, especialmente na Mata Atlântica, que constitui um dos biomas mais diversos e ameaçados do planeta. Foram estudadas a flora esfingófila e a fauna de Sphingidae em uma área de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana (FODM) e analisados os processos ecológicos subjacentes às interações entre esfingídeos e plantas. Ao todo 24 espécies compuseram a flora esfingófila da área estudada, dentre as quais, quatro espécies possuem adaptações estritas à polinização por esfingídeos. A fauna de esfingídeos foi composta por 50 espécies com grande predomínio de mariposas com probóscides curtas. Plantas e esfingídeos apresentaram ajustamento morfológico significativo na distribuição dos comprimentos de tubos florais e de probóscides, porém ao contrário do padrão geral de outras áreas na região Neotropical, não houve ajustamento fenológico estrito entre esfingídeos e plantas na Mata Atlântica. A presença sazonal de mariposas com longas probóscides na área está relacionada principalmente a emigração de espécies oriundas de ecossistemas adjacentes à FODM. Limitação de polinizadores foi comum nas espécies vegetais mais especializadas o que limitou a produção de frutos. Os processos de seleção mediada por polinizadores nestas espécies, também foram afetados. Porém, processos locais de seleção mediada por polinizadores, provavelmente devem agir na estruturação de ajustamentos morfológicos entre esfingídeos e plantas, mesmo sendo variáveis no tempo e no espaço, conforme sugerem os resultados. Apesar da ausência de ajustamento fenológico estrito entre esfingídeos e plantas na Mata Atlântica, o padrão geral registrado em outros biomas sugere ocorrência de esfingídeos de longas probóscides coincidente com a floração de espécies esfingófilas com longos tubos florais. Como este grupo de plantas oferece maior quantidade de néctar em um "nicho privado" aos esfingídeos de longas probóscides, esse ajustamento fenológico poderia ser visto como estratégia para minimizar a competição por recursos florais entre mariposas com probóscides longas e curtas nas comunidades de Sphingidae
Abstract: Hawkmoth pollination is probably one of the least studied pollination systems in tropical communities, particularly in the Atlantic Rainforest, one of the most diverse and threatened biomes in the world. In this work we studied the sphingophilous plants and the Sphingidae fauna in an area of Highland AtlanticRainforest (HARF) and analyzed the ecological processes underlying the interactions between plants and hawkmoths. Altogether, 24 species composed the sphingophilous flora recorded to the study site, among which four species had strict adaptations related to hawkmoth pollination. The hawkmoth fauna was composed of 50 species with great predominance of short-tongued moths. Hawkmoths and plants showed a significant morphological match in the distribution of floral tubes and proboscises lengths, but unlike the general pattern obtained for other areas in the Neotropical region, we did not record a strict phenological match between hawkmoths and plants in the Atlantic Rainforest. The seasonal occurrence of long-tongued moths in the study site is related mainly to the income of migrating species from adjacent ecosystems to the HARF. Pollinator-limitation was common in the most specialized sphingophilous plants limiting fruit-set. Pollinator-mediated selection processes in highly specialized species were also impaired. However, local processes of pollinator-mediated selection may operate structuring the morphological match between hawkmoths and plants in spite of being variable in time and space, as suggested by the results. Despite the absence of a strict phenological match between hawkmoths and plants in the Atlantic Rainforest, the general pattern recorded to other analyzed biomes suggests a concurrence of long-tongued hawkmoths and long-tubed flowers through the phenological time. Since this group of plants offers greater amounts of nectar in a "private niche" where only long-tongued hawkmoths can have access, such phenological match could be viewed as a strategy to reduce competition for floral resources between long- and short-tongued moths in the Sphingidae community
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Biologia Vegetal
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Thia, Joshua A. Y. W. "The plight of trees in disturbed forest: conservation of Montane Trees, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9887.
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The montane forests of Africa represent some of the Earth's most diverse and threatened ecosystems. In particular, those in West Africa have received comparatively little attention from scientists in terms of understanding the ecology and biodiversity of their species. This thesis wishes to understand genetic and ecological factors that underpin the long-term survival of selected tree species (Cordia millenii, Entandrophragma angolense, Lovoa trichilioides) in the montane forests of the Mambilla Plateau, Nigeria. The results obtained here provide a strong foundation for future work that wishes to preserve the diverse forests of this region.
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Letts, Matthew Guy. "Carbon assimilation and productivity in north-west Andean tropical montane cloud forest." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405586.
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Stewart, Christopher Gill. "Ecology and physiology of light-demanding trees in a tropical montane forest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624529.
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