Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Montaigne, Michel de (1533-1592 ; écrivain) – Critique et interprétation'
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Bardyn, Christophe. "Montaigne, la politique et la religion : le moyenneur de la paix." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0118.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine Montaigne's position in the midst of the civil and religious wars of his time. We took for granted that, in this context, political commitment could not be separated from religious concern. As for philosophy, we suggested that Montaigne is a mitigated cynic, wich allowed us to explain some of his contradictions. In the first Part, the most significant point is the role of political authority to solve conflicts, and an utter preferences for republicanism. Reading the Essais, we understand Montaigne's political thought as centered upon the theme of frankness, both a freedom and sincerity, leading us a new towards a cynical statement. The second Part of our work bears more specifically on Montaigne's religion. We first examined the grounds of the opinion according to wich Montaigne would have been an excellent catholic. A confrontation between Montaigne and Augustine fills most of this Part of our work. The result of those analyses was that Montaigne opposes each and every fundamental thesis of Augustine, as much metaphysical ones as ethical or theological ones. Montaigne eventually appears as a thinker most concerned by the political impact of religious theses and desirous to find merely political solutions. He is a moyenneur and an irénique. His endeavor to propose an original solution to the theological-political problem of his time led to a renewal of the literary forms
Roger-Vasselin, Bruno. "L'ironie et l'humour chez montaigne dans les essais." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030036.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to demonstrate why Montaigne’ s conscience of his personal, social and literary uniqueness leads him to an attitude which combines irony and humour as a special means of distance throughout the Essais. Distanciation is to be understood as a means by which to penetrate the reality, to master its elements and difficulties, to render it more human while transposing it on a playful and ludicrous scale. All aspects of laughter share this distance which does not exclude the self implication of the user. This self implication is somewhat immunised by the power of laughter which untangles agressions on blunts the spurs of this reality. Ironic distance is called distanciation, humoristic distance understatement. The first part of this thesis deals with the various literary, social and ethical models upon which Montaigne situates himself and takes his distances. The second and third parts are focused on irony as a source of truth and humour as an element of health, neither truth nor health being incompatible. Both attitudes comprise three tendancies each which are successivly studied : irony is expressed through satire, scepticism and distanciation, humour through charge, mirth and politeness
Yamamoto, Yoshio. "Montaigne et les loci communes : pratiques de lecture et d'écriture au XVIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030047.
Full textOur study shows that Montaigne’s rhetoric has some relationships with commonplace-book method, which constitute an important part of school curriculum in the Sixteenth Century, and with the concept of loci communes.The first part describes the history and evolution of rhetorical concept, locus and loci communes, from antiquity to the Renaissance. After studying theories for rhetorical education written by Erasmus and Melanchthon, we outline precisely the mechanism, function and influence of commonplace-books.The second part makes analysis of the use of quotations in the Essays. Montaigne compose them with random order so that the Essays get close to miscellanies. We examine also the use of loci communes of traditional rhetoric in the Essays. Montaigne shows us a fine collaboration of rhetoric and skepticism in the chapter of « Apology of Raimond de Sebonde ». The last part places the Essays on the historical context of the second-half of sixteenth century. We envisage particularly Montaigne’s brevity of style in relation to his preference for writers of the Silver-Latin. Finally, we wish to make it clear Montaigne’s intention and objective of writing, which allow to distinguish the Essays from Commonplace-Books
Chappé, Raphaël. "Montaigne, Spinoza, Feuerbach : l’homme en question." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100164.
Full textI take as my starting point Althusser’s theoretical anti-humanism (directed in particular against Feuerbach) and more recent analyses on alienation, a notion that was precisely contested by Althusser insofar as it refers to humanism understood as the recognition of a subject that is self-determining. In order to shed light on what is at stake in this tension, I examine the positions of three philosophers who differentiate themselves from this “humanist” paradigm that has held a dominant position in the modern era: Montaigne, Spinoza, Feuerbach. I seek to establish that they form a historico-philosophical line and that there are historical pathways and important analogies between them. The very way they distinguish themselves respectively from doctrines of human “dignity,” from Descartes’ “real distinction,” and from the different varieties of subjectivity in German idealism entitles me to draw the comparison. These converging positions are always built on the background of a separation between philosophy and theology and are made up of both an anti-humanist perspective and a concern for constituting a natural anthropology. If man remains at the center of their discourses, they are not dealing any more with “humanist” subjectivity. Naturalizing man contributes each time to depriving him of his traditional prerogatives and to making room for conceiving what alienation amounts to. I reach the conclusion that these authors, who have put passions and sensibility in the core of man, satisfy two apparently contradictory requirements: the anti-humanist test, and the required elaboration of a concept of alienation to which they belong from a proto-historical point of view
Ordynski, Rémi. "Montaigne et les traditions de consolation, « pour moy, ou pour un autre »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030055.
Full textRecent research has opened the way to a better understanding of ancient consolatory traditions and the forms of their revival during the Renaissance. This dissertation aims at studying how they may have influenced Montaigne’s writings from the edition of works by La Boétie (1571-1572) to the publication of the Essais in 1595. This legacy does not only involve the reading and re-writing of ancient texts, it also establishes a dialogue with some practices that were contemporary to the author, whether they be social, philosophical or literary. The essay on consolatory traditions displays a critical analysis of these practices but also a shifting and protean experience and it singles itself out as a real assessment of these procedures. While constantly referring to the consolatory thesaurus, Montaigne also devotes himself to bending and altering these traditions which he questions without dismissing them altogether. A rhetorical analysis based on the treatises on letters (Erasm, Fabri), poetry (Scaliger) or speeches (Vossius, Keckermann) reveals the actual use, up to the last chapters and on the Bordeaux Copy, of a type of parenesis that irony alone cannot invalidate. This mode of expression connects an "I" and a "You" that do not correspond exactly to the author and the reader. In this in-between area, we can find the search for an autonomy and a singularity in the way of expressing oneself and experiencing life, a process that can only become meaningful if it calls upon and appeals to the other
Beuvier, Clément. "La notion de 'bonne foy' au XVIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOUR2021.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the notion of “bonne foy”, described in the sixteenth century as a fundamental moral, political and religious norm. From a first point of view, it refers to the requirement to keep one's word, and is at the centre of a discourse that is formed at the crossroads of law, moral philosophy and literature, whose main sources, privileged exempla and conceptual structure are analyzed in this thesis. Through the study of specific cases, the ai mis to highlight the specific content of the notion in the French context of the sixteenth century, particularly evident in literary works such as Jean de Beaubreuil's Regulus (1582) or Michel du Rit's Le Bon François (1589). A study of this kind, however, shows that the uses of “bonne foy” cannot be reduced to the paradigm of given word alone, where “bonne foy” consists first and foremost in being faithful to a word kept against all odds, according to the ideal of constancy overcoming circumstances. In the corpus we have collected, “bonne foy” consists, on the contrary, in taking account of circumstances and anything that goes beyond the strict letter of the words. This is what a legal study of the notion shows : bona fides first appeared in Roman law, and underwent a decisive theoretical development in the learned law of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, in which it was gradually linked to the paradigm of equity. The notion is based on a certain mistrust of the consequences, contrary to what is good and true, to which an overly literal interpretation of words can lead. This aspect determines the uses of “bonne foy” outside the law, where we can observe this transposition of a moral category into the field of interpretation. This transformation of the requirement of fides that is at work in the notion constitutes the main object of this work, which explores the tension between two requirements that “bonne foy” expresses without them overlapping perfectly: on the one hand, to assert the obligatory force of the words held by men, and on the other, to subordinate the words to the intention that animates them and to the conditions of their enunciation. The “bonne foy” thus tends to be defined within a hermeneutic ethic whose two privileged processes are as follows : the recognition by someone that they were in error, and the correct interpretation of another's words. Basically, the notion is defined as a relationship to knowledge and language. The study of “bonne foy” in the Essais, which brings this work to a close, focuses on Montaigne's singular use of a notion that is closely linked to the gnoseology developed in the work, based on the recognition of ignorance
Grivel, Joseph. "A raisonnable distance : lecture de Montaigne." Lyon 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO31002.
Full textThe life of michel de montaigne, nobleman and author, opens with the formal break of a premature retirement. The ancient precepts, both stoical and epicurian, of a voluntarily circumspective intention are to be observed in this withdrawal into oneself. This approach especially confines the possessions of body and soul, which montaigne sees in the original terms of a marriage without hierarchy placed under the administration of judgment. Within the limits of this dominated, restricted domain, ancient philosophers traditionally threaten that any breach of confines results in changes of fortune and transports of passions. The guarantee of the self is thus paid at the price of a permanent tension that strives to reduce all designs to the self. In this over-tense attitude, montaigne's retirement refuses self-acknowledgement. It integrates a cautions distancing defined by the genteel codes of the times, which allow for close engagement in the exercise of the martial virtues. Moreover, it is surprised at the both ambitious and certain adventure of gun artillery and ocean navigation, which were the new arts of a mechanized appropriation of the distance. With montaigne, the philosopher's too rigid restraint is able to come to terms with the dominated emergence from the self, which is like alcibiades happily giving a lesson in adaptability to seneca
Lee, Seon-Hee. "Histoire et histoires dans les Essais de Montaigne." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100074.
Full textIn the Essays, Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) reports a considerable number of stories taken from his readings, his own experiments or those taken from the people around him. The first part of this study answers the question about the types of these. The second part is mainly devoted to the examination of their sources. The last part insists on the way Montaigne appropriates the accounts of others in his text. We first see the formal aspects of them. Then we tackle the study of the fitting of the stories because we find rather particular cases like reporting a very long story, or giving the same one several times, or aligning a series of stories. Lastly, we try to define the roles the stories play in the text. We present three possibilities: they are used to illustrate one idea, they intervene as a precept or they launch or start again the reflection. Our work finishes thus on confirming the close relationship between the stories and the reflection or the opinions of Montaigne
Foglia, Marc. "La formation du jugement chez Montaigne." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010620.
Full textJoly, Elisabeth. "Une stratégie de la relation amoureuse dans les "Essais" de Montaigne." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30014.
Full textA feeling of inadequacy caused by the physical experience of smallness, the fascinating examples of great men arouse in Montaigne a wish to reach himself greatness and to find in it recognition and love. Through the paradoxical ostentation of weaknesses, writing offers himto impose his singularity and show some presumptuousness. Yet his excessive desire becomes source of an impotence, against which he fights thanks to repressive and avoiding methods, up to its near annihilation by desease and old age, up to a balance between the tension of desire and his ability to satisfy it. Through the different periods of writing, arises a new side of desire : feeling, that appears through avowals of tenderness, the contradictory combination of obscenity and decency or reference to courtly model. Writing allows to achieve a love relation thanks to a favoured adress to women, stylistic and rhetoric means and leads to a phantasmatic begetting
Peytavin, Sophie. "Montaigne, Les Essais : critique de la raison rhétorique." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040254.
Full textMontaigne, in his Essays as read in light of their particular context rather than in a classically Cartesian way, identifies the rhetorical frameworks peculiar to Renaissance thought and distances himself from them. This criticism, however, is only one of both sides of his philosophical work. Indeed, he develops an original method of inquisition in an immanent way, arriving at concepts which will occasionally irrigate classical and Cartesian philosophy. His approach can nevertheless also be read as a proper model for thought, surprisingly echoing contemporary epistemological posture
Kolarova, Vassiléna. "Montaigne et le phénomène interartistique." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0115.
Full textThe thesis examines the works of Michel de Montaigne focusing the research on his famous "Essays" and "The Diary of Montaigne's Travels". The author of the thesis manifests the existence of the "interartistic phenomenon" in the historical context of the Renaissance and its evolution from ancient philosophy (Horace -Ut pictura poesis, Philostrate -ekphrasis) through Renaissance thought (Leonardo da Vinci's Paragone ("comparison of the arts")) to modern ideas whereas the research is done from a theoretical point of view. The "interartistic phenomenon" expresses the relation arising between arts at the time of an aesthetic perception of a work of art. The aim of the research is to study the work of Montaigne as a work of art in first place. The varieties of the "interartistic phenomenon" which exist in the work of Montaigne are analyzed in light of the artistic vocabulary he is using to qualify his work. The author of the thesis takes notice of the interartistic conception in the work of Montaigne revealed by the convergence of nature and art, particularly in the diary of Montaigne's travels
Sève, Bernard. "En deça et au-delà du scepticisme : Montaigne et la question des règles de l'esprit." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010516.
Full textKrier, Isabelle. "Différence des sexes et scepticisme chez Montaigne." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1016.
Full textThis study is indebted to recent works about gender, object of thought which is still not well-known in France. Why Montaigne ? Is his discourse on women a simple reflexion on the mentalities of the Renaissance or does it constitute an heterodoxy ? The difference of sexes acquires in the Essays a singular philosophical content. This originality cannot be understood if a deep link between these themes and modern scepticism is not taken into account. Montaigne approaches this problem as a part of the criticism of power. He questions the preconceived ideas. He writes a satire of the traditional authoritarian family. The change is considerable. It consists mainly on defending the freedom of the subject. For the sceptic, imagination plays a considerable role, in the light of the appartenance to a gender. Denouncing the power of scholars, Montaigne offers a new pedagogy which does not exclude females. The criticism of despotism leads to an economy of transmission and sharing. The Inquisition trials against the witches show abuses of reason and of politics. Montaigne opposes to them clemency. Generosity characterizes the sceptical ethics. It has the effect of liberating the marriage of hypocritical conventions. It is found in erotics as a form of respect of alterity. Are we capable today of hearing this urge to freedom without reducing it ?
Duhamel, Jérémie. "La vertu du citoyen : Machiavel, Montaigne, Hobbes." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0063.
Full textThis dissertation examines the meaning of the reference to the virtue of the citizen in the political thought of Machiavelli, Montaigne and Hobbes. In the work of these three authors, we find an array of discourses on virtue that vacillate between the critiques of its classical representations and calls to redefine it in relation with new requirements. Through a comparative approach, this study aims to show that those variations constitute a fundamental rhetorical device for delineating a new mode of justification for virtues that combines two related principles. On the one hand, this new approach no longer rests on an ontological hierarchy of ends, but instead on a representation of a sovereign evil that takes different forms: political domination for Machiavelli, cruelty and tyranny for Montaigne, and civil war for Hobbes. Thus, the civic virtues are no longer encouraged as an expression of the good life, but as an essential instrument for protecting the common good from those vices. On the other hand, these three discourses seek to articulate a conception of virtue with a new representation of equality based on the idea of a common vulnerability. This dissertation advocates that, at the wake of the Machiavellian turn, diverse and often conflicting attempts to present a new concept of virtue began to appear, which valued the ordinary attributes of individuals with an emphasis on peace, justice and civility
Martinet, Jean-Luc. "La notion de "dignitas hominis" dans les "Essais" de Montaigne." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30023.
Full textThis study aims at showing how montaigne deals with the concept of man's dignity in his essais. A diachronic and structural analysis outlines and traces in the writings of the renaissance the ideological presuppositions of dignity at work prior to montaigne. Once having established the idea that dignitas hominis is an utterance potentially present in every type of speech, the utterance and its constituant motifs are shown to undergo deconstruction in the essais through montaigne's " grammarian " processing. His critical work aims at rewriting man's place within new boundaries in order to redefine human grandeur. Therefore, montaingne's reconstruction of man's excellence is brought to light as a new value testifying to a double change in the history of ideas. Human dignity is a concept connected with an awareness of other, and it finds its roots solely in the quest for personal appropriateness. Man's excellence after montaigne can no longer be construed as a heteronomous utterance but as part of the building of self
Gaiu, Tiberiu-Claudiu. "Le problème de la prudence dans l'oeuvre de Charron." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010565.
Full textTakenaka, Koji. "La relecture des Essais de Montaigne au prisme de l'amitié." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA114.
Full textThis study aims to examine Montaigne’s friendship with La Boétie from the perspective of readership. The first part, “We the readers of Montaigne”, reflects upon reading and interpretation. Following A. Compagnon’s studies on the question of reading in Montaigne’s Essays, we will adopt as paradigm Augustine’s exegesis which draws inspiration from ancient rhetoric and grammar. The relationship that the Bishop of Hippo observed between the Old and the New Testament will enable further reflection regarding « Montaigne and La Boétie ». The second part, “Montaigne editing La Boétie’s Editor”, attempts to survey La Boétie’s works published in 1570 by Montaigne. As these publications closely follow his translation of Raymond Sebond’s Natural Theology and the retirement of the editor, it is necessary to first situate them in context of Montaigne’s biography. We will proceed to consider the editorial principal of the Mesnagerie, which led Montaigne to publish his friend’s works, accompanied by the letter-prefaces which he saw fit to place at the beginning, before investigating the last words he attributed to La Boétie. The third and last part, “Montaigne reading La Boétie”, will first approach the problem of the center of Book I of the Essays, supposedly reserved to La Boétie’s Discourse on Voluntary Servitude. We will proceed to consider the relationship that Montaigne had wished to establish between his own work and his friend’s masterpiece, before examining this latter’s presence in the Essays by comparing their works
Litwin, Christophe. "Généalogies de l'amour de soi : Montaigne, Pascal, Rousseau." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0059.
Full textMy dissertation is an inquiry into the passion of self-love and the quarrel on its Interpretation that emerges after the Renaissance: for both the Augustinians and the Humanists, self-love is regarded as a specifically human kind of dissoluteness. The first however interpret it as the original corruption of charity to which mankind cannot remedy without God’s supernatural grace and the gift of faith; the second, influenced by their reading of Aristotle, Plato and Cicero, tend on the contrary to regard self-love less as the corruption of clarity, than as a depraved modification of the natural love every living has for itself. I address the anthropological, moral, political, aesthetical and theological implications of this quarrel through the works of Montaigne, Pascal and Rousseau
Veiga, França Maria Célia. "Le concept de nature dans les Essais de Montaigne." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN1524.
Full textRouet, Fanny. "Montaigne et l'hédonisme antique à la fin de la Renaissance : discours et pensée du plaisir." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3000.
Full textThis work deals with the reflection about pleasure in late French Renaissance, especially in Montaigne’s Essais, considering the ancient Hedonistic schools of philosophy, i.e Cyrenaics and Epicureanism. In the sixteenth century, the increase in numbers of editions, translations and commentaries on texts of ancient philosophy and doxographic collections brings to light the questions of ethics raised by the ancient Greek and Latin writers about the nature and the value of pleasure. We shall explore the problematic links between pleasure and morals at the time of religious wars and Counter Reformation. We shall question the nature and the content of the discourses on pleasure in that period of penitence. Treatises on civility prescribe the pleasures suitable to the gentleman, such as conversation, reading and game. These pleasant activities and the enjoyment they impart seem to be necessary in the making of the gentleman. However, the expression and the representation of voluptuous pleasures is much more problematic, as is shown for instance by the references to the ancient Hedonist philosophers, generally portrayed as impious profligates. In contrast with the common view, often distorting the discourses and the lives of the theorists of pleasure, Montaigne distinguishes himself by questioning the link of pleasure in relation to morals and examining the experience of pleasure as an experience of the self. The numerous and frequent quotations and mentions of ancient Hedonist philosophers in Montaigne’s Essais, testify to their influence but, above all, to their role as material in a critical reflection about pleasure
Hennessey, Jeanne. "Quatre portraits par Walter Pater : Ronsard, Montaigne, Giordano Bruno et Pascal." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040309.
Full textDisciple of Sainte-Beuve, Walter Pater sought int the literary portrait a means of understanding his own rich artistic and religious sensibility. Platonist and hegelian he envisaged, in his later years, a trilogy which would show the action of the spirit in three "negative" periods of history : antonine rome, France under the last of the valois and England of the "lumieres" Marius the epicurean was the only novel in the trilogy to be finished. In this thesis we have examined the three literary portraits inserted in the novel of the trilogy- Gaston de Latour in order to show that Pater endeavoured in this unfinished work to follow the action of the spirit in this second period of history which was capital for hegel- modernity. Each meeting with th "stars" of the renaissance represents a stage in the itinerary followed by Pater himself. However it is not in Gaston de Latour that Pater will find the synthesis of the different aspects of truth that he has found. To follow pater's itinerary to the end we must examine another work, also unfinished, the portrait pascal. For the artist the search for truth is also a search for a "style". Attracted by the subjectivity of Montaigne's sytle, Pater is convinced that Pascal's prose in its ability to express the thoughts of the mind and the heart, is the prose that has shaped modern french
Shishimi, Tsuyoshi. "Les réflexions sur l'histoire dans les "Essais" de Montaigne." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30047.
Full textOur thesis studies how the reflections of Montaigne on the history and the historiography, which he developed in engaging a dialogue with ancient and humanist commonplaces as well as with new historical theories advanced by French jurist historians of his time – such as Jean Bodin, author of the Method of history –, overflow from their original domain and help to deepen his reflections on various themes in the Essays. After having specified the shift from the "art to write a history" to the "art to read histories" that took place among the French jurist historians of the 16th century, and following which Montaigne elaborates his own way of reading histories on emphasizing, for his part, the reader’s liberty and spontaneity (the First Part), we first try to show that he surmounts the epistemological uncertainty of the human history by distinguishing clearly "unbelievable" from "possible" and by building a knowledge system based solely on the "faith" exchanged by witnesses, historians and their readers (the Second Part); then, we examine how he disrupts the notion and the practice of historical exemplum both in a discursive way and in a didactic way, reevaluate the exempla drawn from his own life in spite of recognizing their imperfection (the Third Part); finally, to the level of the writing, we not only see that Montaigne represents his personal experience within history on voluntarily contaminating the past with the present, but also that he is inspired by some historians – especially the historians talking about their own actions – for justifying his writing about himself (the Fourth Part). Considering the cultural and intellectual context of the Renaissance, we bring thus to light the sensitivity and the deep knowledge of Montaigne concerning the contemporary debates about the history and the historiography, and show that his reflections on history nourish the epistemological, moral and literary questions in the Essays
Béraud, Alain. ""Montrer", contribution prospective à l'étude, au niveau des arts, d'un dialogue réel." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES1003.
Full textThe act of presenting approaches the real to invest it so that it can call attention to it and prepare it for the understanding. It is as if montration was generated by affects which representation tends to avoid. Andre Masson has no wish to master the known elements of a given vocabulary ; he wants to trust in the bold movements of his hand that generate a space to be constructed over and over again. Montaigne appears to be the writer of the self, Beckett that of mode, Perec that of place. Nowadays, communication no longer is merely the experience of two persons, but should be understood within the polyphonic order of a social universe. A work of art evinces a process comparable to the language process represented by the finite verb. If the writer follows one of the possibilities of his language and if the painter "makes" a painting, they do so under the same obligation they feel of "showing" things. Monstration then is a happening as much as a manifestation or manifesto. It is done as much as it is said and allows itself to be heard. A type of communication by showing may now be on its way
Knop, Déborah. "La cryptique chez Montaigne." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENL024/document.
Full text“A sauts et à gambades”: from this expression in the Essays, critics often came to the conclusion of a rambling speech. Our work shows that this is not the case in many chapters, by referring to the “cryptical method” in the writings of Ramus (Dialectique, 1555) and Canaye (L'Organe, 1589) and to the rhetorical concept of ductus or progression of speech in which the dux-writer circumvents his reader's opposition or hostility, or repugnantia. The first part, which is based on major rhetorical theories, including those of Quintilian translated by Gedoyn (1718), defines the notions of propositum, oratio, sermo, contentio, digressio, delectare and repugnantia ; and, in the field of dialectics, syllogism and proof. It provides a means of digging out the deep structure of arguments. The second part defines the notion of insinuatio and its counterpart in dialectics, the “method of prudence”, on which Ramus gives detailed precepts. These give us many tools for the purpose of literary text analysis. We look into the notion of dissimulatio in rhetorics, including the dissimulatio artis, specific to Socrates – Socrates is an important figure for Montaigne. The last part outlines various forms of ductus in the Essays, so as to lure the reader and lead him on the path to moral progress. This goal requires the rhetoric to be finely attuned to what the reader is averse to, or what he is passionate about. The whole closely resembles the ancient method of spiritual exercise, which involved some familiarity between the writer and the reader, a concurrent and symmetric introspection from the master and his disciple
Prat, Sébastien. "Le « jeu de la constance » et le plus « apparent vice de nostre nature » : constance et inconstance dans les Essais de Michel de Montaigne." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040076.
Full textThis thesis aims to emphasize in Montaigne’s Essays a little known aspect concerning the debate of constancy towards the end of the 16th. c. While the virtue of constancy becomes a philosophical issue of importance, favouring at the same time the stoic, Christian and civil ideals, we observe in Montaigne’s Essays, an insistence to underline a contradictory phenomenon; inconstancy. First, it is essential to demonstrate the dialogue that builds Montaigne’s work concerning the virtue of constancy, to finally establish the proper argumentation on inconstancy. With the intent to situate this debate concerning the virtue of constancy, we will refer primarily to the Hellenistic philosophies plundered by the Essays. We will present in the first part the origin and in the second part, the transfer of the debate. Montaigne’s scepticism happens to be destabilized, his stoicism is at the same time debated and rejected, his Epicureanism becoming a tool determining their truth. The second section of the thesis demonstrates that methodology of the Essays takes over the notion of inconstancy, notably through the “Distingo”, and its effects on the historical knowledge relating to prudential activities. We claim that the nature of the essay is to correct this error and thus give the right place to human inconstancy. We acknowledge the fact that inconstancy has a status of a pre-ethic condition which pushes the Essays to disrepute any human enterprise in the public sphere. However, this denial cast upon the public sphere does not lead us to reject any kind of ethical reflection. In the private sphere, the Essays construct ethical regulations: non repentance, diversion, vanity, experience...These aspects are all grounded in the ethical mode of the possible, (« Selon qu’on peut ») and at the same time contribute in redefining the magnitude of the soul by presenting a new order or a new conformity of action. We name the project ethic of inconstancy or ethic of indirection
Fouah, Emmanuel. "Voix et voies de l'auteur : aspects de l'énonciation dans les discours de Rabelais et de Montaigne." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2019.
Full textThis study shows literary and linguistic stakes of the realization of enumerative parameters in Rabelais' and Montaigne's works. These texts build particular scenographies by which the authors portray themselves. The linguistic factors of this discursive configuration are examined according to issues of connection modalities with oneself, with the discourse and with the readers. To that purpose, the analysis stresses the study of deictic units which actualize situation of utterance. Moreover, it connects textual content to the historical context. Such an approch reveals the whole complexity of author's figure in Rabelais' and Montaigne's discourses and considers some aspects of subjectivity in the Renaissance
Raphael, De La Madrid Lucia Del Carmen. "L'essai de soi, relectures de l'oeuvre de Virginia Woolf." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951445.
Full textMisono, Keisuke. "Ecrire contre le jansénisme au XVIIe siècle : Léonard de Marandé polémiste vulgarisateur." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF20004.
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