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Academic literature on the topic 'Monsoonal floods'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Monsoonal floods"

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Ladavia, Chirag. "Estimation of Fluctuations and Global Tele-connections in the Monsoonal Rainfall and Associated Floods for Barmer District." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42802.

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Abstract: This paper is about the fluctuations and global teleconnections in the monsoonal rainfall and associated floods of Barmer district, Rajasthan, India. For investigation of precipitation and related floods, the precipitation information for period of 1901-2002 is collected from India Meteorological Department (IMD) for Barmer district. Inter-monsoon rainfall variability analysis, percent departure from mean, Normalized Accumulated Departure from Mean (NADM) and conditional probability technique for El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been used for the analyses of monsoonal rainfall data and its effect on floods. The outcomes demonstrate year to year varieties in the precipitation with huge takeoff from mean precipitation. It is seen that greater part of the floods are related with positive takeoff from mean precipitation. The NADM shows epochal conduct of high and low monsoon precipitation of the basin. For analysis of ENSO Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data is obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for years 1950-2019. It is observed that, during La Nina years the rainfall is higher than average annual rainfall. The analysis of ENSO reveals that the probability of the occurrence of the floods is high during cold (La Nina) events and it is very low during warm (El Nino) events. Keywords: Monsoon rainfall, Global Tele-connection, SST, ENSO effect, floods
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Dempster, J. I. M., and H. Brammer. "Flood Action Plan – Bangladesh." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 4 (December 1992): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100409.

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Situated on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers, with a monsoonal climate and at the mercy of tropical cyclones that sweep up from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh has had no alternative but to live and cope with floods. However, it took the two major floods of 1987 and 1988 to mobilize the Government and the donor community into making a major effort to look for a permanent solution to Bangladesh's chronic flood problem. This paper describes the planning and development of the Flood Action Plan that resulted.
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S. N. PANDEY, R. BHATLA, MANOJ K. SRIVASTAVA, and R. K. MALL. "Floods and hazardous heavy rainfall in India: Comparison between local versus oceanic impact." Journal of Agrometeorology 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v12i1.1265.

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India, leading to heavy rainfall. Such heavy rainfall result in floods for wider region of northern India, and, which, finally, causes loss of agriculture, human and animal’s life, outbreak of diseases/ epidemics, and thus affecting national economy. An attempt has therefore, been made to analyze the disastrous events that occurred in the summer monsoon months over different states in India for the period 1981-2000. The analyses included the raining event which were active, but, caused due to- or without the monsoonal-systems that were formed in north Indian Ocean. Results showed that West Bengal was the mostly affected state during monsoon season, where both, local as well as monsoonal systems were equally responsible for heavy rainfall/ flood events. The local atmospheric phenomenon affected highly to Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, and Maharashtra, whereas for systems that were associated with the north Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, the states of West Bengal and Orissa were the mostly affected states. From the study, it may be concluded that all the heavy rainfall related disastrous weather events formed over different states in India was not only due to systems developed over Oceans, rather, local atmospheric phenomena had equally important contributor of similar affects, particularly for northern and western India.
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Khan, Muhammad Barkat Ali, and Atta-ur-Rahman. "Extent and Evaluation of Flash Flood Resilience in Mountainous Communities of Daral and Chail Valleys, District Swat, Pakistan." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 59, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(59-1)618.

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This study aimed to explore the extent and evaluation of flash flood resilience in mountainous communities of Daral and Chail valleys of Swat. After collecting data from primary and secondary sources, the parameters of Disaster Resilience Capacity (DRC) model was applied for data analysis. The analysis reveals that stream discharge increases during summer mainly because of the rapid melting of snow, ice, glaciers and monsoonal rains, which results in flash floods. The communities living in the mountainous areas of Daral and Chail valleys face problems of multitudes of socio-economic and infrastructural flash flood damages almost every year. However, limited communities have adopted indigenous resilience strategies to bounce back from the recurrent adverse impacts of flash floods. It was found from the analysis that due to indigenous resilience practices by the local communities and the location of most mountainous communities, Daral valley is more resilient to flash floods as compared to Chail valley. Contrary to this, the extent and level of flash flood resilience in Chail valley are low as most of the mountainous communities are more vulnerable to seasonal flash floods. Some wise practices can enhance resilience to flash floods, especially land use planning, community preparedness, afforestation, and improved accessibility and communications.
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Bremner, Lindsay. "Planning the 2015 Chennai floods." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 732–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619880130.

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This paper approaches the floods of 2015 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, as the consequence of policies, plans and procedures that, over many years, had erased monsoon water and wetness from the city and its imaginary. In order to do this, it examines a number of plans that authorized spatial development in Chennai from the early 20th century onwards. It approaches them as urban cosmograms, in which heterogeneous entities were accommodated, congealed, concealed or expelled in the description of the urban territory and the composition of the urban world. The paper undertakes this analysis in order to deepen understanding of the relations between spatial planning, capitalist urbanization and the more-than-human vitalities of the monsoon. It approaches the flood waters that rose and fell in 2015 as a cosmopolitical situation and cause for thinking, which, putting people in the presence of the monsoon and its potency in new ways, forced them to confront the precariousness of their co-existence with it and experiment with ways to re-compose the urban monsoonal world differently. This discussion draws from Stenger’s notion of cosmopolitics as a mode of collective practice that proceeds in the company of those who would otherwise be likely to be disqualified as having idiotically nothing to propose, including the more-than-human. The paper makes some critical observations about these experiments and concludes by speculating on whether planning itself might be envisaged as a more inclusive, cosmopolitical project.
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Asri, Ummi Hajidah Mohamad, and Mohd Rizaludin Mahmud. "44% of the flash flood in Klang Valley occurred coincidentally during the typhoon period: A review on 2015." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012016.

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Abstract This paper reviewed the occurrences of all the flood events that happened in the Klang Valley of Malaysia in 2015. The aim is to identify the sources of the heavy and extreme rainfall that triggered the flood; either it was attributed to the seasonal monsoon flows or other plausible factors. The major concern of flash floods is that many of them had frequently occurred regardless of the seasonal monsoon period; as it seems to be influenced by other factors. Therefore, besides the three monsoonal seasons with common heavy and extreme rainfall in Klang Valley which includes the Northeast Monsoon (Nov. – Feb.), Inter-monsoon 1 (Mar.-Apr.), and Inter-monsoon 2 (Oct.), this study also takes into account the typhoon season which occurred from April to December. There are 43 flash flood cases and most of them occurred during the wet period of the Northeast monsoon (Nov. – Feb.). 44% of the flash flood events did occur during the typhoon season (Apr. – Dec.) with its distribution varied via different monsoon seasons. The majority of the flash flood during the dry season (Southwest Monsoon) and wet season (Northeast Monsoon) happened during the same period of strong typhoons. Severe flash flood cases that occurred coincidentally with strong typhoons (category 4 and above) during the Northeast Monsoon had impacted larger spatial coverage, increased rainfall intensity and longer duration. The hypothetical explanation offered is that the occurrence of strong typhoons (category 4 and 5) with trajectory near the Philippines in the South China Sea could affect the regional weather of Peninsular Malaysia; in which resulting in stronger wind flows and accelerating the transportation of moist air parcels from regional ocean or seas to land areas. Such information is required for adaptation, mitigation and preventive actions including early warning systems.
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Nickum, James E. "Is China Living on the Water Margin?" China Quarterly 156 (December 1998): 880–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000051377.

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Is there a water crisis in China? Certainly there are many sub-crises, many of them hardly new to that hydrologically complex, densely settled monsoonal landscape. Droughts, floods, befouled flows, and water-short northern cities have long been integral to the Chinese experience. The last half-century has witnessed remarkable efforts to control and reshape waters to ameliorate the traditional ravages of flood and drought. Yet many of these projects, and their water sources, are ageing at the same time that state financial capacity is diminishing. Simultaneously, economic development – especially industrialization, urbanization, chemical agriculture and livestock production – have placed increasing stresses on the quantity and quality of water.
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Diyana, F. A. Noor. "Attitude and flood preparedness of households in Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1091, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1091/1/012022.

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Kelantan is a state that is often impacted by the yearly monsoonal floods resulting in the displacement of a large number of households as well as damages to crops, livestock and properties. The flood is a yearly occurrence that necessitates the community to prevent loss of lives and extensive property damage; however, previous studies have found that communities are unprepared to face flood disasters, especially in flood-prone areas. Thus this study aims to determine the relationship between attitude towards flood preparedness and the level of flood preparedness of households in Pasir Mas, Kelantan. A total of 220 respondents from 10 villages were selected with the assistance of the District Office to ensure the selection of villages with experience of flood or is flood-prone. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the level of attitude and flood preparedness. Results from the analysis found that the attitude and preparedness level was moderate. Therefore, it is suggested that the community’s attitude and preparedness level can be further enhanced with the assistance of the responding agencies and local authorities to empower a more resilient community.
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Kale, Vishwas S. "Fluvial geomorphology of Indian rivers: an overview." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 26, no. 3 (September 2002): 400–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133302pp343ra.

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The rivers of India reveal certain special characteristics because they undergo large seasonal fluctuations in flow and sediment load. The rivers are adjusted to an array of discharges, and most rivers exhibit morphologies that are related to high-magnitude floods. In the last 100 years primarily hydraulic engineers have contributed to the understanding of the fluvial forms and processes. Though this trend has continued even today, in recent decades some interesting fluvial research has also been carried out by earth scientists. Four large rivers, namely Brahmaputra, Kosi, Indus and Narmada, have received greater attention from fluvial geomorphologists. The major themes in Indian fluvial geomorphology include the hydrology of monsoonal rivers; forms and processes in alluvial channels; causes of avulsion, channel migration; and anomalous variations in channel patterns; dynamics of suspended sediment; and the geomorphic impacts of floods. Studies of bedrock channels are far less than similar studies in alluvial channels. Only a few rivers have been investigated in this respect. Studies indicate that the Himalayan rivers are different in many respects from those of the Indian Peninsula. The former occupy a highly dynamic environment with extreme variability in discharge and sediment load. Earthquakes and landslides also have a great impact on these rivers from time to time. Consequently, the rivers are characterized by frequent changes in shape, size, position and planform. In comparison, the adjustments in Peninsular rivers are less frequent and of a much smaller magnitude. An inescapable conclusion is that in the tropical monsoonal environment, large floods are important geomorphic agents that temporarily affect the forms and behavioural characteristics of some rivers, but leave a lasting effect on others. In magnitude-frequency terms, large floods are major formative events in many rivers of the Indian region in general and the Indian Peninsula in particular.
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Kelley, Lisa C., and Agung Prabowo. "Flooding and Land Use Change in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." Land 8, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090139.

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Flooding is a routine occurrence throughout much of the monsoonal tropics. Despite well-developed repertoires of response, agrarian societies have been ‘double exposed’ to intensifying climate change and agro-industrialization over the past several decades, often in ways that alter both the regularity of flood events and individual and community capacity for response. This paper engages these tensions by exploring everyday experiences of and responses to extreme flood events in a case study village in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has also been the site of corporate oil palm development since 2010. We first reconstruct histories of extreme flood events along the Konawe’eha River using oral histories and satellite imagery, describing the role of these events in straining the terms of daily production and reproduction. We then outline the ways smallholder agriculturalists are responding to flood events through alterations in their land use strategies, including through the sale or leasing of flood-prone lands, the relocation of riverine vegetable production to hillside locations, and adoption of new cropping choices and management practices. We highlight the role of such responses as a driver of ongoing land use change, potentially in ways that increase systemic vulnerability to floods moving forward.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Monsoonal floods"

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Simpson, Scott. "Modeling Stream-Aquifer Interactions During Floods and Baseflow: Upper San Pedro River, Southeastern Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193338.

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Streams and groundwaters interact in distinctly different ways during flood versus base flow periods. Recent research in the Upper San Pedro River using isotopic and chemical data shows that (1) near-stream, or 'riparian,' groundwater recharged during high streamflow periods is a major contributor to streamflow for the rest of the year, and (2) the amount of riparian groundwater derived from this flood recharge can vary widely (10-90%) along the river. Riparian groundwater in gaining reaches is almost entirely basin groundwater, whereas losing reaches are dominated by prior streamflow.This description of streamflow gives rise to the questions of (1) how much flood recharge occurs at the river-scale, and (2) subsequently, what is the relative importance of flood recharge and basin groundwater in maintaining the hydrologic state of the riparian system. To address these questions, a coupled hydrologic-solute model was constructed for 45 km of the Upper San Pedro riparian system.
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Bieda, Stephen W. "Flash Flood Causing Mechanisms of the North American Monsoon System in the Sonoran Desert." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/242451.

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The North American Monsoon System (NAMS) is a significant weather and climate phenomenon that brings critical rainfall to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. As a result of the North American Monsoon Experiment, and research efforts surrounding the field campaign, the understanding of the NAMS has increased considerably over the last 15 years. In addition questions concerning potential flash flood causing mechanisms of the NAMS have not been thoroughly investigated. This dissertation is comprised of two papers that collectively address the aspects of the literary understanding of the NAMS as we know it today and conduct an investigation into the complex interactions between various weather systems that may influence the NAMS. In the first paper, a review of the major research of the NAMS literature since the last comprehensive review 15 years ago is conducted. The results of his review are assessed for where our understanding has been improved and where future research needs to be guided for purposes of the second paper. Based upon the results from the literature review, the second paper focuses on identification of inverted troughs and gulf surges based upon lower- and mid-level atmospheric parameters for purposes of assessing the impacts on National Weather Service Storm Report flash flood dates. This research contributes to the synthesis of the current knowledge of the NAMS in general and to the specific regional impacts that do occur during periods of heavy precipitation over the NAMS region for purposes of improving meteorological predictability of flash flooding. The results can (1) gauge our understanding of the NAMS literature to date and (2) improve meteorological forecasts through the recognition of synoptic and sub-synoptic patterns related to the NAMS that are most likely to cause flash floods.
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Yazawa, Taishi. "Design Flood Criteria toward Integrated Watershed Management in the Johor River Watershed, Malaysia." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225577.

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Latt, Zaw Zaw [Verfasser], and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Wittenberg. "Flood Assessment and Improving Flood Forecasting for a monsoon dominated River Basin: With Emphasis on Black-box Models and GIS / Zaw Zaw Latt. Betreuer: Hartmut Wittenberg." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080361359/34.

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Gado, Djibo Abdouramane. "Exploration of Non-Linear and Non-Stationary Approaches to Statistical Seasonal Forecasting in the Sahel." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35130.

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Water resources management in the Sahel region of West Africa is extremely difficult because of high inter-annual rainfall variability as well as a general reduction of water availability in the region. Observed changes in streamflow directly disturb key socioeconomic activities such as the agriculture sector, which constitutes one of the main survival pillars of the West African population. Seasonal rainfall forecasting is considered as one possible way to increase resilience to climate variability by providing information in advance about the amount of rainfall expected in each upcoming rainy season. Moreover, the availability of reliable information about streamflow magnitude a few months before a rainy season will immensely benefit water users who want to plan their activities. However, since the 90s, several studies have attempted to evaluate the predictability of Sahelian weather characteristics and develop seasonal rainfall and streamflow forecast models to help stakeholders take better decisions. Unfortunately, two decades later, forecasting is still difficult, and forecasts have a limited value for decision-making. It is believed that the low performance in seasonal forecasting is due to the limits of commonly used predictors and forecast approaches for this region. In this study, new seasonal forecasting approaches are developed and new predictors tested in an attempt to predict the seasonal rainfall over the Sirba watershed located in between Niger and Burkina Faso, in West Africa. Using combined statistical methods, a pool of 84 predictors with physical links with the West African monsoon and its dynamics were selected, with their optimal lag times. They were first reduced through screening using linear correlation with satellite rainfall over West Africa. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to keep the most predictive principal components. Linear regression was used to get synthetic forecasts, and the model was assessed to rank the tested predictors. The three best predictors, air temperature (from Pacific Tropical North), sea level pressure (from Atlantic Tropical South) and relative humidity (from Mediterranean East) were retained and tested as inputs for seasonal rainfall forecasting models. In this thesis it has been chosen to depart from the stationarity and linearity assumptions used in most seasonal forecasting methods: 1. Two probabilistic non-stationary methods based on change point detection were developed and tested. Each method uses one of the three best predictors. Model M1 allows for changes in model parameters according to annual rainfall magnitude, while M2 allows for changes in model parameters with time. M1 and M2 were compared to the classical linear model with constant parameters (M3) and to the linear model with climatology (M4). The model allowing changes in the predictand-predictor relationship according to rainfall amplitude (M1) and using AirTemp as a predictor was the best model for seasonal rainfall forecasting in the study area. 2. Non-linear models including regression trees, feed-forward neural networks and non-linear principal component analysis were implemented and tested to forecast seasonal rainfall using the same predictors. Forecast performances were compared using coefficients of determination, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients and hit rate scores. Non-linear principal component analysis was the best non-linear model (R2: 0.46; Nash: 0.45; HIT: 60.7), while the feed-forward neural networks and regression tree models performed poorly. All the developed rainfall forecasting methods were subsequently used to forecast seasonal annual mean streamflow and maximum monthly streamflow by introducing the rainfall forecasted in a SWAT model of the Sirba watershed, and the results are summarized as follows: 1. Non-stationary models: Models M1 and M2 were compared to models M3 and M4, and the results revealed that model M3 using RHUM as a predictor at a lag time of 8 months was the best method for seasonal annual mean streamflow forecasting, whereas model M1 using air temperature as a predictor at a lag time of 4 months was the best model to predict maximum monthly streamflow in the Sirba watershed. Moreover, the calibrated SWAT model achieved a NASH value of 0.83. 2. Non-linear models: The seasonal rainfall obtained from the non-linear principal component analysis model was disaggregated into daily rainfall using the method of fragment, and then fed into the SWAT hydrological model to produce streamflow. This forecast was fairly acceptable, with a Nash value of 0.58. The evaluation of the level of risk associated with each seasonal forecast was carried out using a simple risk measure: the probability of overtopping of the flood protection dykes in Niamey, Niger. A HEC-RAS hydrodynamic model of the Niger River around Niamey was developed for the 1980-2014 period, and a copula analysis was used to model the dependence structure of streamflows and predict the distribution of streamflow in Niamey given the predicted streamflow on the Sirba watershed. Finally, the probabilities of overtopping of the flood protection dykes were estimated for each year in the 1980-2014 period. The findings of this study can be used as a guideline to improve the performance of seasonal forecasting in the Sahel. This research clearly confirmed the possibility of rainfall and streamflow forecasting in the Sirba watershed at a seasonal time scale using potential predictors other than sea surface temperature.
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Rahman, Musrur. "Manipulation of the levels of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase for submergence tolerance in rice." Phd thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12538.

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Rice plants are partially or completely submerged when fields are flooded. During submergence, rice plants encounter anaerobic conditions, and suffer severe injury, often death, leading to major crop losses in countries affected by monsoonal flooding. Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyse thanol fermentation (EF), the major energy-producing pathway under conditions of low oxygen and are among the anaerobic polypeptides induced under such conditions. The importance of EF is emphasised by the reduced survival and germination of the ADH null mutants of maize, barley, rice and Arabidopsis under anaerobic conditions. The research described in this thesis has taken a transgenic approach to manipulate the levels of PDC and ADH to determine whether altering the EF pathway can affect anaerobic tolerance in rice. It was found that one antisense ADHl (rice gene)line had decreased levels of both ADHl and ADH2 polypeptides, and greatly reduced ADH activity of 6% of that of wild type (WT- untransformed Taipei). This antisense ADHI line showed reduced ethanol production and coleoptile growth under anoxia, and mature plants exhibited reduced survival when submerged in anaerobic water, suggesting ADH plays a role in seed germination and plant survival under anoxia. One sense ADH2 (cotton gene) line had significantly increased levels of ADH activity compared to WT and a flooding tolerant rice variety FR13A in air and under hypoxia. No significant increase in ethanol production was observed in the line which overproduced ADH by 439% of WT. Similar levels of anoxia tolerance were found in mature plants of the line which over-produced ADH and WT whereas in the flooding tolerant variety, anoxia tolerance was much higher. This suggests that over-production of ADH increases neither ethanol production nor anaerobic survival. Three independently transformed lines of the rice PDCl driven by an anaerobically inducible promoter contained an increased level of PDC1 polypeptides. A moderate increase in PDC activity and ethanol production compared to WT was also observed in these lines under anaerobic conditions. Effects of anoxia on seed germination were assayed in these lines over-producing PDC and neither retardation nor acceleration of germination was observed. However, mature plants showed decreased survival under anaerobiosis. On the contrary, hybrid plants over-expressing both PDC and ADH were found to have better anaerobic tolerance than plants over-producing PDC alone. These results indicate that overproducing PDC plants suffered from some kind of toxicity which was counterbalanced and/or neutralised in plants over-producing ADH along with PDC. Acetaldehyde levels were appreciably higher in the plants over-producing PDC compared to WT and hybrid plants over-producing both PDC and ADH indicating that acetaldehyde might cause early senescence in plants over-producing PDC alone under anaerobic conditions. No transformed lines with either over-producing PDC, ADH or both PDC and ADH had increased submergence tolerance relative to the WT, however lines often had different metabolic rates and demonstrated the versatility of a molecular approach to evaluating metabolic controls affecting plant growth and survival. A second objective of this research was to study the expression of the rice PDCl and PDC3 promoters in various tissues of rice by GUS histochemical analysis. Translational fusion of the PDCl promoter-GUS gave positive blue staining in embryos, endosperm, shoots, and roots and showed strong anaerobic induction in shoots and roots. GUS staining was found in anthers but absent in pollen. In immunoblotting analysis using an antibody raised against the rice PDC1 polypeptide, the PDC band corresponding to PDCl was also absent in pollen of untransformed Taipei, suggesting that the rice PDCl gene is not expressed in pollen. Nine independently transformed lines of the rice PDC3 promoter-GUS fusion (translational) did not express GUS in any vegetative tissues even under anaerobic conditions. GUS staining was seen in the pollen of three independently transformed lines of PDC3-GUS. A novel PDC band with a MWt of approx. 62 kDa was found in immunoblots of pollen of untransformed Taipei using an antibody generated against the rice PDCl, indicating that the rice PDC3 has pollen specific expression. Expression of PDC3 was seen after the first mitosis of microspores and increased with maturation, implying that it may have a role during pollen germination. The final objective was to study the cis-acting regulatory elements required for anaerobic induction in the rice PDCl promoter. GUS histochemical analysis of transcriptional fusions of the various lengths of 5' truncated PDCl promoter-GUS revealed that the regulation of the GUS reporter gene did not mirror that of the endogenous PDCl and the PDCl promoter acted in a constitutive manner.
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Chen, Yi-Chen, and 陳苡甄. "Flood - Drought Variability in Monsoon Asia." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a739q8.

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Singh, Charu. "The Changing Nature Of Rainfall Annual Cycle And The Propagation Characteristics Of The Intraseasonal Oscillations In Flood And Drought Years Of The Indian Monsoon." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/850.

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Using a 50-year (1951-2000) gridded (1-degree) daily rainfall data set over the Indian land region, we study two main aspects of the Indian monsoon. The first aspect deals with the changing nature of the rainfall annual cycle. This, to our knowledge, is the first attempt at studying the changing behaviour of the Indian monsoon rainfall annual cycle in a systematic way. The annual cycle is defined as a combination of the first few Fourier harmonics of daily rainfall. We then identify five attributes of the annual cycle for each year and location (grid): (a) the day of maximum intensity (peak day); (b) maximum intensity (peak value); (c) beginning; (d) end; and (e) duration of the annual cycle. An extensive statistical analysis of these five attributes over the central Indian region (16.5 – 26.5N; 74.5 – 86.5E) shows that the probability distributions of all attributes, barring the peak value, show a significant change in the last 25 years (1976-2000) compared to the first 25 years (1951-1975). The second issue addressed in this thesis deals with the behaviour of the intraseasonal oscillations in flood and drought years. Previous studies on this issue have been limited to only specific flood or drought years. Our analysis confirms earlier findings such as the northwestward propagation of the 10-20 day ISO. However, we also find, for the first time, based on 9 flood and 9 drought years, that the 20-60 day has an eastward propagation during drought years and remains stationary in flood years. The analysis is primarily statistical in nature, and providing a physical explanation for some of our findings is beyond the scope of our work. Finally, it is worth noting here that without the long-term gridded data, it would have been difficult to assess coherent changes over a large region and long time-period.
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Satyanarayana, P. "Regional Frequency Analysis Of Hydrometeorological Events - An Approach Based On Climate Information." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/1110.

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The thesis is concerned with development of efficient regional frequency analysis (RFA) approaches to estimate quantiles of hydrometeorological events. The estimates are necessary for various applications in water resources engineering. The classical approach to estimate quantiles involves fitting frequency distribution to at-site data. However, this approach cannot be used when data at target site are inadequate or unavailable to compute parameters of the frequency distribution. This impediment can be overcome through RFA, in which sites having similar attributes are identified to form a region, and information is pooled from all the sites in the region to estimate the quantiles at target site. The thesis proposes new approaches to RFA of precipitation, meteorological droughts and floods, and demonstrates their effectiveness. The approach proposed for RFA of precipitation overcomes shortcomings of conventional approaches with regard to delineation and validation of homogeneous precipitation regions, and estimation of precipitation quantiles in ungauged and data sparse areas. For the first time in literature, distinction is made between attributes/variables useful to form homogeneous rainfall regions and to validate the regions. Another important issue is that some of the attributes considered for regionalization vary dynamically with time. In conventional approaches, there is no provision to consider dynamic aspects of time varying attributes. This may lead to delineation of ineffective regions. To address this issue, a dynamic fuzzy clustering model (DFCM) is developed. The results obtained from application to Indian summer monsoon and annual rainfall indicated that RFA based on DFCM is more effective than that based on hard and fuzzy clustering models in arriving at rainfall quantile estimates. Errors in quantile estimates for the hard, fuzzy and dynamic fuzzy models based on the proposed approach are shown to be significantly less than those computed for Indian summer monsoon rainfall regions delineated in three previous studies. Overall, RFA based on DFCM and large scale atmospheric variables appeared promising. The performance of DFCM is followed by that of fuzzy and hard clustering models. Next, a new approach is proposed for RFA of meteorological droughts. It is suggested that homogeneous precipitation regions have to be delineated before proceeding to develop drought severity - areal extent - frequency (SAF) curves. Drought SAF curves are constructed at annual and summer monsoon time scales for each of the homogeneous rainfall regions that are newly delineated in India based on the proposed approach. They find use in assessing spatial characteristics and frequency of meteorological droughts. It overcomes shortcomings associated with classical approaches that construct SAF curves for political (e.g., state, country) and physiographic regions (e.g., river basin), based on spatial patterns of at-site values of drought indices in the study area, without testing homogeneity in rainfall. Advantage of the new approach can be noted especially in areas that have significant variations in temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation (possibly due to variations in topography, landscape and climate). The DFCM is extended to RFA of floods, and its effectiveness in prediction of flood quantiles is demonstrated by application to Godavari basin in India, considering precipitation as time varying attribute. Six new homogeneous regions are formed in Godavari basin and errors in quantile estimates based on those regions are shown to be significantly less than those computed based on sub-zones delineated in Godavari basin by Central Water Commission in a previous study.
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Books on the topic "Monsoonal floods"

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Chatterji, A. K. Monsoons, floods, and cyclones in India. New Delhi: Radiant Publishers, 1991.

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Eagen, Rachel. Flood and monsoon alert! St. Catharines, Ont: Crabtree Pub., 2011.

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Allan, Robert J. The Australasian summer monsoon, teleconnections, and flooding in the Lake Eyre Basin. Adelaide: Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, 1985.

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Cederlöf, Gunnel, and Willem van Schendel. Flows and Frictions in Trans-Himalayan Spaces. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724371.

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Flows and Frictions in Trans-Himalayan Spaces traces movements and connections in a region known for its formidable obstacles to mobility. Eight original essays and a conceptual introduction engage with questions of networks and interconnection between people across a bordered landscape. Mobility among the extremely varied ecologies of south-western China, Myanmar and north-eastern India, with their rugged terrain, high mountains, monsoon-fed rivers and marshy lowlands, is certainly subject to friction. But today, harsh political realities have created hard borders and fractured this trans-Himalayan terrain. However, the closely researched chapters in this book demonstrate that these borders have not prevented an abundance of movements, connections and flows. Mobility has always coexisted with friction here, but this coexistence has been unsettled, giving this space its historical shape and its contemporary dynamism. Introducing the concept of the ‘corridor’ as an analytical framework, this collection investigates mobility and flows in this unique socio-political landscape.
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India. Ministry of Home Affairs., ed. South-West monsoon 2007: Flood situation in the country. [New Delhi]: Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, 2007.

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Foundation, Birla Economic Research. Monsoons, Cyclones and Floods in India. Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division, 1991.

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Chatterji, A. K., and Birla Economic Research Foundation. Monsoons, Cyclones and Floods in India. Sangam Books Ltd, 1992.

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Flood And Monsoon Alert! Tandem Library, 2004.

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Late monsoon flood in the Southwest region of Bangladesh 2000. Dhaka: Surface Water Modelling Centre, 2000.

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Flood And Monsoon Alert! (Disaster Alert!). Crabtree Publishing Company, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Monsoonal floods"

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Uddin, Kabir, Mir A. Matin, and Rajesh Bahadur Thapa. "Rapid Flood Mapping Using Multi-temporal SAR Images: An Example from Bangladesh." In Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 201–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_10.

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AbstractIn the HKH region, large areas in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan get inundated by floodwater during every rainy season. Among them, Bangladesh has been experiencing record-high floods where four types prevail: flash flood, local rainfall flood, monsoon river flood, and storm-surge flood; and these occur almost every year due to Bangladesh’s unique geographical setting as the most downstream country in the HKH region.
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Huq, Md Enamul, Zhenfeng Shao, Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi, Md Nazirul Islam Sarker, Cai Bowen, Abdullah Al Mamun, Nayyer Saleem, Akib Javed, and Md Mahabubur Rahman. "Measuring Vulnerability to Flash Flood of Urban Dwellers." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 317–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_12.

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AbstractFlash floods are unexpected, localized flood events that occur when an exceptional amount of rain falls happens over a short period of time. In South Asia, it is mostly disastrous, for example, in 2017 flash floods killed approximately 1200 people from India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. However, it is also common in Dhaka megacity, Bangladesh due to its geographic location, monsoon climatic condition and surrounding rivers. Though it is impossible to avoid them, the losses and damages of hazards can be reduced effectively by using appropriate techniques. This study aims to determine the responsible factors and measure the household vulnerability to flash flood as a tool of mitigation. The study has been conducted based on primary data. Therefore, data were collected from both slum and non-slum population to cover the entire urban habitats. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire based on five factors (social, economic, institutional, structural, and environmental) of vulnerability to flash flood. The key feature of this paper is to provide an insight into real picture of vulnerability to flash flood for urban habitants. Moreover, this practical approach is useful to quantify hazard-induced vulnerabilities not only for Dhaka megacity but also for other cities of the globe.
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Yihui, Ding. "The Medium- and Long-Range Fluctuations of Monsoons and their Association with Floods and Droughts over China." In Monsoons over China, 244–305. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8302-2_4.

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Kale, Vishwas S. "Geomorphic Effects of Monsoon Floods on Indian Rivers." In Flood Problem and Management in South Asia, 65–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0137-2_3.

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Delgado, Jose Miguel, Bruno Merz, and Heiko Apel. "Monsoon Variability and the Mekong Flood Regime." In Springer Environmental Science and Engineering, 233–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3962-8_9.

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Finlayson, C. Max, Ian D. Cowie, and Bruce J. Bailey. "Characteristics of a Seasonally Flooded Freshwater System in Monsoonal Australia." In Tasks for vegetation science, 141–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2115-3_18.

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Nagumo, Naoko, Sumiko Kubo, and Toshihiko Sugai. "Characteristics of Extreme Monsoon Floods and Local Land Use in the Lower Mekong Basin, Cambodia." In Communicating Climate-Change and Natural Hazard Risk and Cultivating Resilience, 205–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20161-0_13.

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Khan, Arif Hasan, Md Abdulla Hel Kafi, Shah Mostafa Khaled, and Mollah Md Awlad Hossain. "Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Local Level Flood Prediction: A Simplest Way of Likelihood Predictive Model of Monsoon River Flood." In Water, Flood Management and Water Security Under a Changing Climate, 37–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47786-8_3.

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Kwak, Youngjoo. "Large-Scale Flood Monitoring in Monsoon Asia for Global Disaster Risk Reduction Using MODIS/EOS Data." In Remote Sensing of Hydrometeorological Hazards, 367–79. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154947-17.

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Jeet, Pawan, Alok Kumar, and Prem K. Sundaram. "Interlinking of River: Issues and Challenges." In Hydrology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93594.

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Climate change events cause erratic spatial and temporal variability in rainfall, temperature, humidity, etc. in long term, and are most severely affecting irrigation, domestic and industrial water supply. At the same time, water availability is also under pressure due to climate change and overexploitation of water resources. In a monsoonal climate that is already erratic and highly seasonal in nature, this increased variability due to climate change will further impact water availability and salt water intrusion. To overcome such problems, one of the most effective ways is interlinking of rivers. It is the interbasin water transfer from the water surplus rivers to water deficit rivers or regions. It will increase water supply, irrigation potential, mitigate floods, and droughts and reduce regional imbalance in the availability of water. Interlinking of rivers will reduce regional imbalances significantly and provide benefits by the way of additional irrigation potential, domestic and industrial water supply, hydropower generation, and transport facilities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Monsoonal floods"

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Rushikesh, Satpute, and Khare Kanchan. "Hybrid Blue-Green Infrastructure: Feasibility Study for the State of Maharashtra; India." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.20.

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In India, the 2019 monsoon season arrived very late and heavy, following a severe heatwave. This year's monsoons have brought the highest amount of rain in 25 years and with unprecedented spatial variability. In some districts of Maharashtra, higher-than-average rainfall caused massive flooding, which resulted in the submergence of 2 lakh hectares. Whereas remaining states saw the continued drought conditions from monsoon 2018. This unusual monsoon behaviour is considered an example of the impact of climate change and is expected to intensify and worsen over time. The combination of drought followed by heavy rainfall increases the risk of massive flooding, influence on natural and man-made systems, including infrastructure and agricultural production in flooded and dry regions. Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) is an interconnected network of natural and anthropogenic components, including water bodies and green and open spaces, like bio-retention cells, rain barrels, infiltration trenches, and vegetation swales.
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Макарова, Т. Р. "CHANGES OF THE HUMIDIFICATION OF VALLEY PEAT BAGS R.BOLSHAYA USSURKA (PRIMORYE) BY THE DATA OF THE DIATOMIC ANALYSIS." In Геосистемы Северо-Восточной Азии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2021.69.14.022.

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Изучение разреза торфяника в бассейне р. Большая Уссурка (Приморье) позволило выявить изменения увлажненности. Установлен период продолжительных засух, совпадавших с ослаблением летнего муссона. Несмотря на сухие условия проходили паводки, вызванные тайфунами или глубокими циклонами. Влажными были малый оптимум голоцена и малый ледниковый период, характеризовавшиеся усилением циклогенеза. Отмечены кратковременные флуктуации увлажнения, периоды с разной паводковой активностью. Study of the peat bog section in the river basin Bolshaya Ussurka (Primorye) made it possible to distinguish periods with different moisture. Period of prolonged droughts was established, coinciding with the weakening of the summer monsoon. Dry conditions did not exclude floods due to the passage of typhoons or deep cyclones. The low optimum of the Holocene and the Little Ice Age, characterized by increased cyclogenesis, were humid. Short-term fluctuations of moisture, periods with different flood activity were noted.
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Loverich, Joseph, Cory Helton, Ian Sharp, Peter Acton, Michael Kellogg, W. Scott Ogden, and Matthew Scragg. "A TALE OF TWO ARIZONA FIRES: A CASE STUDY OF THE MUSEUM AND TELEGRAPH FIRES EMERGENCY FLOOD RISK ANALYSES, AND SUBSEQUENT MONSOONAL FLOODING." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-370434.

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Dahal, Swaechchha, Thomas Øyvang, Gunne John Hegglid, Shailendra Kumar Jha, and Bhupendra Bimal Chhetri. "Himalayan Run-Off River Power Generation Modelling for Power Security in Evolving Weather Conditions." In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192022.

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Extreme black-swan occurrences like earthquakes, glacial lake outbursts, flash floods, landslides, etc. are important concerns in Himalayan countries like Nepal, which are highly susceptible, geologically active, and exquisitely fragile. Nepal generates 97 percent of its electricity from hydropower, where 56.08 percent of it is coming from seasonal run-off-river (RoR) hydro plants. Landslides and mudflows are common in the monsoon, and low discharge is common in the winter season. These RoR plants must be able to withstand high-impact events like earthquakes and lengthy droughts in order for the Nepalese grid to remain secure. This study gives a presentation and overview of previously occured natural hazards in Nepal related to hydropower plants. In particular, the 2014 Sunkoshi landslide and the 2021 Melamchi flood are evaluated as extreme events and their impacts on hydropower plant has been studied. In addition, an in-depth investigation on a ROR plant is carried out. Moreover, the water discharge and extreme rainfall peaks in time series data is evaluated using an ARIMA-based model. This paper shows the feasibility of predicting the energy produced by a run-off river hydropower plant. The purpose is to forecast discharge and hence the ROR power generation with the aim to facilitate the hydropower operators for their availability declaration which will again help in the overall energy planning. The results are discussed together with performance metrics, and indicates that the implemented technique is promising.These predictions can be further used for planning and estimating the power generation on a more complex level.
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Jianyun, G., D. Ziwang, C. Hong, Y. Lijun, Z. Rongyan, and L. Xiufang. "On the Relation between Asian Summer Monsoon and Flood/Drought Events During July September in Fujian Province." In 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.159.

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Yesou, H., Andreoli R. Sertit, R. Malosti, F. Cattaneo, J. Li, S. Huang, and J. Xin. "Monsoon and typhoons flood rapid mapping in China based on ENVISAT data during the 2005 - 2006 years." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423906.

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Baugh, Calum, William Straka, Eleanor Hansford, and Christel Prudhomme. "Assessing flood inundation and exposure estimates from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) with data from the VIIRS Satellite for the Asian Monsoon in 2020." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553312.

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Lokapure, Anand, K. Maneesha, Nitin Dhabolkar, Shivanand Prabhudesai, and Prakash Mehra. "Autonomous Vertical Profiler deployment and its comparison with widely used Argo floats during monsoon in Bay of Bengal." In OCEANS 2022 - Chennai. IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanschennai45887.2022.9775324.

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Goodbred, Steven L., Jennifer L. Pickering, Ryan Sincavage, and Saddam Hossain. "EFFECT OF SHIFTING HYDROLOGIC REGIMES ON THE BENGAL BASIN AND GANGES-BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER DELTA SEQUENCE: MONSOON VARIABILITY AND LAKE-BURST FLOODS IN THE LATE QUATERNARY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-280062.

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Li, Rui, Jiancheng Shi, Dabin Ji, Tianjie Zhao, Sitthisak Moukomla, Vichian Plermkamon, Yonghui Lei, Jinmei Pan, Huicong Jia, and Aqiang Yang. "The Application of Remote Sensing Precipitation Products for Runoff Modelling and Flood Inundation Area Estimation in Typical Monsoon Basins of Indochina Peninsula." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323347.

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Reports on the topic "Monsoonal floods"

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Weissinger, Rebecca, and Dana Witwicki. Riparian monitoring of wadeable streams at Courthouse Wash, Arches National Park: Summary report, 2010–2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287907.

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The goal of Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) riparian monitoring is to determine long-term trends in hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetative properties of wadeable streams in the context of changes in other ecological drivers, stressors, and processes. This information is intended to provide early warning of resource degradation and determine natural variability of wadeable streams. This report summarizes NCPN monitoring of Courthouse Wash in Arches National Park (NP) from 2010 to 2019. The focus of this report is to (1) present geomorphology and vegetation data from five reaches monitored in Courthouse Wash from 2010 to 2015, and (2) examine patterns in water availability at one monitoring reach from November 2010 to December 2019. Vegetation sampling and geomorphology surveys were suspended in 2016 due to budget cuts; this report presents baseline data for future comparisons. The NCPN has five monitoring reaches located between the inflow of Sevenmile Canyon, a major tributary, and the terminus of Courthouse Wash, at the Colorado River. Two reaches (2, 5) are located in Upper Courthouse Wash, and three (1, 4, 7) in Lower Courthouse Wash. Hydrologic monitoring wells are installed only at Reach 1. During our monitoring period, which included drought years in 2012 and 2018 and a wetter-than-average period from fall 2013 to 2014, groundwater levels showed steep declines corresponding to the start of the growing season each year. Hot, dry summers and falls in 2012, 2018, and 2019 showed the deepest troughs in groundwater levels. Active monsoon years helped elevate summer and fall groundwater levels in 2013 and 2014. Continued monitoring will help us better understand the relationship of climate and water availability at this reach. A geomorphic survey was completed once for reaches 2, 4, and 7, and twice for reaches 5 and 1. Powerful floods during our monitoring period resulted in aggradation of the channel in reaches 5 and 1, which were first surveyed in March 2013. Flooding in September 2013 resulted in an average of 0.24 meters of deposition found in the channel thalweg at Reach 1 in March 2014. Storm events in May 2014 caused additional aggradation. In March 2015, an average of 0.41 meters of deposition was recorded in the channel thalweg at Reach 5, with 0.32 meters of deposition between the vegetation transect headpins compared to the 2013 data. The riparian vegetation recorded at our monitoring reaches is consistent with an open-canopy Fremont cottonwood woodland with a diverse understory. Canopy closure ranged from 29% to 52%. Measurements were sensitive enough to detect a 10% reduction in canopy closure at Reach 5 during a pest infestation in June 2013. Canopy closure subsequently rebounded at the reach by 2015. Total obligate and facultative wetland cover ranged from 7% to 26%. Fremont cottonwood seedlings, saplings, and overstory trees were present at all reaches, indicating good potential for future regeneration of the canopy structure. These data can serve as a baseline for comparison with future monitoring efforts. One area of management concern is that exotic-plant frequency and cover were relatively high in all monitoring reaches. Exotic cover ranged from 2% to 30%. High exotic cover was related to years with high cover of annual brome grasses. High cover of exotic grasses is associated with increased wildfire risk in southwestern riparian systems, which are not well-adapted to fire. Managers should be prepared for this increased risk following wet winters that promote annual brome grass cover. Beaver activity was noted throughout bedrock-constrained reaches in Courthouse Wash. Beaver activity can reduce adjacent woody riparian vegetation cover, but it also contributes to maintaining a higher water table and persistent surface water. Climate change is likely to be an increasingly significant stressor in Courthouse Wash, as hotter, drier conditions decrease water levels and increase drought stress...
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