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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Monotonity'
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Зозуля, Назар Миколайович. "Система автоматичного керування положенням робочого органу машини лазерного різання." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/42370.
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Дипломний проєкт містить 72 сторінок, 39 рисунків, 3 таблиці, 3
аркуша графічної частини.
Метою даного проєкту є розробка системи автоматичного керування
положенням робочого органу машини лазерного різання. Розроблена
система спроєктована згідно вимог до проєкту. Під час виконання роботи
було розраховано та визначено параметри двигуна постійного струму.
Обрано систему керування двигуном. Проведено ряд досліджень за
допомогою побудованої моделі в середовищі MatLab/Simulink.
Спроєкктована система може бути використана на
високотехнологічних заводах де відбувається різання або ж обробка різних
матеріалів наприклад металу. За допомогою даного верстату можна
заощадити велику кількість людських годин, коштів та часу, адже робота
станка майже повністю автоматична, а відсоток браку мінімальний.
Графічна частина включає в себе: схематичне зображення установки,
схему електричну принципову, графіки перехідних процесів системи при
дослідженнях в різних режимах роботи.The diploma project contains 72 pages, 39 figures, 3 tables, 3 sheets of graphic part. The purpose of this project is to develop a system for automatic control of the position of the working body of the laser cutting machine. The developed system is designed according to the requirements of the project. During the work, the parameters of the DC motor were calculated and determined. Engine control system selected. A number of studies were conducted using the built model in the MatLab / Simulink environment. The designed system can be used in high-tech factories where cutting or processing of various materials such as metal. With this machine you can save a lot of human hours, money and time, because the machine is almost completely automatic, and the percentage of waste is minimal. The graphic part includes: a schematic representation of the installation, the electrical circuit diagram, graphs of the transients of the system during research in different modes of operation.
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Kyureghyan, Marina. "Monotonicity checking." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970065345.
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Raskhodnikova, Sofya 1976. "Monotonicity testing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80562.
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Dai, Pra Paolo, Pierre-Yves Louis, and Ida Minelli. "Monotonicity and complete monotonicity for continuous-time Markov chains." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/766/.
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We analyze the notions of monotonicity and complete monotonicity for Markov Chains in continuous-time, taking values in a finite partially ordered set. Similarly to what happens in discrete-time, the two notions are not equivalent.However, we show that there are partially ordered sets for which monotonicity and complete monotonicity coincide in continuous time but not in discrete-time.
Nous étudions les notions de monotonie et de monotonie complète pour les processus de Markov (ou chaînes de Markov à temps continu) prenant leurs valeurs dans un espace partiellement ordonné. Ces deux notions ne sont pas équivalentes, comme c'est le cas lorsque le temps est discret. Cependant, nous établissons que pour certains ensembles partiellement ordonnés, l'équivalence a lieu en temps continu bien que n'étant pas vraie en temps discret.
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Skaldeman, Åse. "Nya Hjorthagen." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229793.
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All around Stockholm, housing is under construction. But the theme is not housing - it is variation. Varied facades, varied roofscapes, to create variation along the streets. I propose that there is a safety in monotony - the kind that is lacking on the housing market. Anonymity can be a sign that the sender had you in mind, rather than themselves; this was the best we could do, therefore we repeated it over and over again, implying there is a ”we” and not an ”I” behind it all. This that is provided for you - for example a home - is not something you must earn, it can be taken for granted, by you and everyone else. Nya Hjorthagen is an alternative proposal for the site of Norra Djurgårdsstaden.
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Stagova, Emine. "Finns det skillnader i känsla av sammanhang mellan personer på monotona och icke -monotona arbetsplatser med hänsyn tagen till syskonplacering?" Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2583.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether there are differences in Sense of Coherence between people in monotonous and non – monotonous jobs with regard to birth order. In this present study, 89 individuals from three different working organizations participated, of which 51 (57, 3 %) of them were men and 38 (42, 7 %) women. The results showed that in varying occupations, firstborn children showed a higher level of Sense of Coherence. In monotonus jobs, middle children prove to have the lowest level of Sence of Coherence. The results from this study also show that Sense of Coherence is associated with the individuals’ age and their experienced relationship with their parents during childhood.
Sammanfattning
Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om det finns skillnader i känsla av sammanhang mellan personer på monotona och icke – monotona arbeten med hänsyn tagen till syskonplacering. I den här studien deltog 89 personer från tre olika arbetsorganisationer i södra Sverige, varav 51 (57,3 %) av dem var män och 38 (42,7 %) kvinnor. Resultatet visade att i varierade arbeten har förstfödda barn högre nivåer av KASAM. I monotona arbeten uppvisar mellanbarn inneha den lägsta nivån av KASAM. Resultatet från denna studie visar även att KASAM är kopplad till individers ålder och upplevda relation till föräldrarna under barndomen.
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Kadi, Imène Yamina. "Simulation et monotonie." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0029.
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Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur l'apport de la monotonie sur les méthodes de simulations. Dans un premier temps, nous nous intéressons à l'étude des différentes notions de monotonie utilisées dans la modélisation stochastique, en essayant de définir les relations qui existent entre elles. Trois concepts ont été définis dans ce domaine: la monotonie stochastique basée sur la comparaison stochastique, la monotonie réalisable et enfin, la monotonie événementielle utilisée dans la simulation parfaite. Cette étude a permis d'utiliser les propriétés de monotonie stochastique dans le cadre de la simulation parfaite monotone. D'un autre coté, nous avons proposé des codages monotones inversibles pour des systèmes dont la représentation naturelle est non monotone. Ce codage permet d'accélérer les simulations monotones et a trouvé son application dans la simulation de burst optiques. Un autre travail a été réalisé, cette fois-ci, dans le domaine de la simulation parallèle, il consiste à utiliser les propriétés de monotonie des systèmes simulés afin de mieux paralléliser le processus de simulation. Ce qui devrait produire une accélération conséquente des simulationsThe work of this thesis concern the contribution of the monotony in simulation methods. Initially, we focus on the study of different monotonicity notions used in stochastic modeling, trying to define the relationships between them. Three concepts have been defined in this field: the stochastic monotonicity based on stochastic comparison, the realizable monotony and finally the events monotony used in the perfect simulation. This study allowed us to use the stochastic monotonicity properties under the monotone perfect simulation. On the other hand, we have proposed monotone invertible encodings for systems whose natural representation is not monotone. This encoding allows to accelerate monotonous simulations and found its application in the simulation of optical burst. Another work was done in the field of parallel simulation, it use monotonicity properties of simulated systems to better parallelize the simulation process. This should produce a substantial acceleration in simulations
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Mukanov, Askhat. "Integrability of Fourier transforms, general monotonicity, and related problems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/463043.
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El propòsit d'aquesta tesi és el d'estudiar les propietats d'integrabilitat i convergència de sèries i transformades de Fourier. Els resultats principals són els següents: 1. Incestiguem les propietats d'integrabilitat de sèries trigonomètriques amb coeficients que satisfan una condició de monotonia general i demostrem resultats del tipus Hardy-Littlewood, és a dir, equivalències entre normes de les sumes de sèries trigonomètriques i normes amb pesos dels seus coeficients de Fourier. Demostrem aquestes equivalències en espais de Lorentz i espais de Lebesgue amb pesos. 2. Estudiem propietats de suavitat de funcions que poden ser representades per mitjà de sèries trigonomètriques amb coefficients que satisfan una condició de monotonia general. Es demostra una equivalència del Lp-mòdul de suavitat d'aquestes funcions i les sumes amb pesos dels seus coeficients de Fourier. 3. Obtenim versions multi-dimensionals de teoremes de tipus Boas en relació a les propietats d'integrabilitat de transformades de Fourier de funcions que són monòtones en totes les variable. 4. Finalment, estudiem criteris per a la convergència uniforme de sèries trigonomètriques amb coefficients que satisfan una condició de monotonia general. En particular, generalitzem el conegut criteri de Chaundy-Jolliffe per a la convergència uniforme de sèries sinusoidals i obtenim el resultat corresponent per sèries cosinusoidals. A més, provem condicions necessàries i suficients per tal que les sumes partials de Fourier d'aquestes sèries tinguin un cert ordre de convergència.This thesis is devoted to the study of integrability and convergence properties of Fourier series and transforms. The main results are the following. 1. We investigate the integrability properties of trigonometric series with general monotone coefficients and prove the Hardy-Littlewood-type results, i.e., equivalences of the norms of sums of trigonometric series and weighted norms of their Fourier coefficients. We prove such equivalences for the Lorentz and weighted Lebesgue spaces. Here we deal with the trigonometric series with general monotone coefficients. 2. We study the smoothness properties of functions that can be represented by trigonometric series with general monotone coefficients. The equivalence of the Lp-modulus of smoothness of such functions and weighted sums of their Fourier coefficients is proved. 3. We obtain the multidimensional versions of Boas-type theorem on integrability properties of the Fourier transforms of monotone in each variable functions. 4. Finally, we study criteria for the uniform convergence of trigonometric series with general monotone coefficients. In particular, we generalize the well-known Chaundy-Jolliffee criterion for the uniform convergence of sine series and obtain the corresponding result for cosine series. Moreover, we prove necessary and sufficient conditions for partial Fourier sums of such series to have certain convergence rate.
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Gartside, Paul Michael. "Monotonicity in analytic topology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334965.
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Bayless, Sam. "SAT modulo monotonic theories." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61062.
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Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers are a class of efficient constraint solvers which
form integral parts of many algorithms. Over the years, dozens of different Satisfiability Modulo Theories solvers have been developed, supporting dozens of different logics. However, there are still many important applications for which specialized SMT solvers have not yet been developed.
We develop a framework for easily building efficient SMT solvers for previously unsupported logics.
Our techniques apply to a wide class of logics which we call monotonic theories, which include many important elements of graph theory and automata theory.
Using this SAT Modulo Monotonic Theories framework, we created a new SMT solver, MonoSAT. We demonstrate that MonoSAT improves the state of the art across a wide body of applications, ranging from circuit layout and data center management to protocol synthesis - and even to video game design.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Moutoussamy, Vincent. "Contributions à l'analyse de fiabilité structurale : prise en compte de contraintes de monotonie pour les modèles numériques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30209/document.
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Cette thèse se place dans le contexte de la fiabilité structurale associée à des modèles numériques représentant un phénomène physique. On considère que la fiabilité est représentée par des indicateurs qui prennent la forme d'une probabilité et d'un quantile. Les modèles numériques étudiés sont considérés déterministes et de type boîte-noire. La connaissance du phénomène physique modélisé permet néanmoins de faire des hypothèses de forme sur ce modèle. La prise en compte des propriétés de monotonie dans l'établissement des indicateurs de risques constitue l'originalité de ce travail de thèse. Le principal intérêt de cette hypothèse est de pouvoir contrôler de façon certaine ces indicateurs. Ce contrôle prend la forme de bornes obtenues par le choix d'un plan d'expériences approprié. Les travaux de cette thèse se concentrent sur deux thématiques associées à cette hypothèse de monotonie. La première est l'étude de ces bornes pour l'estimation de probabilité. L'influence de la dimension et du plan d'expériences utilisé sur la qualité de l'encadrement pouvant mener à la dégradation d'un composant ou d'une structure industrielle sont étudiées. La seconde est de tirer parti de l'information de ces bornes pour estimer au mieux une probabilité ou un quantile. Pour l'estimation de probabilité, l'objectif est d'améliorer les méthodes existantes spécifiques à l'estimation de probabilité sous des contraintes de monotonie. Les principales étapes d'estimation de probabilité ont ensuite été adaptées à l'encadrement et l'estimation d'un quantile. Ces méthodes ont ensuite été mises en pratique sur un cas industrielThis thesis takes place in a structural reliability context which involves numerical model implementing a physical phenomenon. The reliability of an industrial component is summarised by two indicators of failure,a probability and a quantile. The studied numerical models are considered deterministic and black-box. Nonetheless, the knowledge of the studied physical phenomenon allows to make some hypothesis on this model. The original work of this thesis comes from considering monotonicity properties of the phenomenon for computing these indicators. The main interest of this hypothesis is to provide a sure control on these indicators. This control takes the form of bounds obtained by an appropriate design of numerical experiments. This thesis focuses on two themes associated to this monotonicity hypothesis. The first one is the study of these bounds for probability estimation. The influence of the dimension and the chosen design of experiments on the bounds are studied. The second one takes into account the information provided by these bounds to estimate as best as possible a probability or a quantile. For probability estimation, the aim is to improve the existing methods devoted to probability estimation under monotonicity constraints. The main steps built for probability estimation are then adapted to bound and estimate a quantile. These methods have then been applied on an industrial case
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Ordyniak, Sebastian. "Complexity and monotonicity in graph searching." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510200.
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Sill, Joseph Abu-Mostafa Yaser S. "Monotonicity and connectedness in learning systems /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1998. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09222005-110351.
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Kaiser, Alexander. "Monotonicity in shared-memory program verification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1d16b4b5-524a-40db-b7bf-062374f8679c.
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Predicate abstraction is a key enabling technology for applying model checkers to programs written in mainstream languages. It has been used very successfully for debugging sequential system-level C code. Although model checking was originally designed for analysing concurrent systems, there is little evidence of fruitful applications of predicate abstraction to shared-variable concurrent software. The goal of the present thesis is to close this gap. We propose an algorithmic solution implementing predicate abstraction that targets safety properties in non-recursive programs executed by an unbounded number of threads, which communicate via shared memory or higher-level mechanisms, such as mutexes and broadcasts. As system-level code makes frequent use of such primitives, their correct usage is critical to ensure reliability. Monotonicity - the property that thread actions remain executable when other threads are added to the current global state - is a natural and common feature of human-written concurrent software. It is also useful: if every thread’s memory is finite, monotonicity often guarantees the decidability of safety properties even when the number of running threads is unspecified. In this thesis, we show that the process of obtaining finite-data thread abstrac tions for model checking is not always compatible with monotonicity. Predicate-abstracting certain mainstream asynchronous software such as the ticket busy-wait lock algorithm results in non-monotone multi-threaded Boolean programs, despite the monotonicity of the input program: the monotonicity is lost in the abstraction. As a result, the unbounded thread Boolean programs do not give rise to well quasi-ordered systems [1], for which sound and complete safety checking algorithms are available. In fact, safety checking turns out to be undecidable for the obtained class of abstract programs, despite the finiteness of the individual threads’ state spaces. Our solution is to restore the monotonicity in the abstract program, using an inexpensive closure operator that precisely preserves all safety properties from the (non-monotone) abstract program without the closure. As a second contribution, we present a novel, sound and complete, yet empirically much improved algorithm for verifying abstractions, applicable to general well quasi-ordered systems. Our approach is to gradually widen the set of safety queries during the search by program states that involve fewer threads and are thus easier to decide, and are likely to finalise the decision on earlier queries. To counter the negative impact of "bad guesses", i.e. program states that turn out feasible, the search is supported by a parallel engine that generates such states; these are never selected for widening. We present an implementation of our techniques and extensive experiments on multi-threaded C programs, including device driver code from FreeBSD and Solaris. The experiments demonstrate that by exploiting monotonicity, model checking techniques - enabled by predicate abstraction - scale to realistic programs even of a few thousands of multi-threaded C code lines.
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Matsubara, Shigeki, and Yoshihide Kato. "Incremental Parsing with Monotonic Adjoining Operation." ACL(Association for computational linguistics), 2009. http://aclweb.org/anthology/.
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Sysoev, Oleg. "Monotonic regression for large multivariate datasets /." Linköping : Department of Cuputer and Information Science, Linköping University, 2010. http://www2.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2010/stat11s.pdf.
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Pham, Cong Dan. "Monotonie et différentiabilité de la vitesse de la marche aléatoire excitée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4717/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la monotonie de la vitesse de la marche aléatoire excitée (MAE) avec biais $bein[0,1]$ dans la première direction $e_1$. Nous présentons une nouvelle preuve de la monotonie de la vitesse pour des grandes dimensions $dgeq d_0$ et pour le cas où le paramètre $be$ est petit quand $dgeq 8$. Ensuite, nous considérons les marches aléatoires avec plusieurs cookies aléatoires. La monotonie de la vitesse est ausi prouvée pour les cas particuliers par exemple des dimensions sont grandes, le paramètre de dérive $be$ est petit ou le nombre de cookies est grand. Ce sont les cas où la marche aléatoire est proche à la marche aléatoire simple. Pour l'existence de la vitesse, nous avons montré la loi des grands nombres pour un cas particulier du cookie aléatoire stationaire, mais nous n'arrivons pas encore pour le cas stationaire. Sur la monotonie, nous avons aussi vérifié que le nombre de points visités par la marche aléatoire simple avec biais $be$ est croissant.Finalement, une question très interessant: la monotonie de la vitesse, est-elle vraie pour la MAE pour les petites dimensions $2leq dleq 8.$ Pour cette motivation, nous avons prouvé que la vitesse est indéfiniment différentiable pour $be>0.$ Au point critique $0$, nous avons prouvé que la dérivée de la vitesse existe et égale $0$ pour $d=2$, existe et est positive pour $dgeq 4.$ Mais nous ne savons pas encore si la dérivée de l'ordre 2 en point $0$ existe ou au moin la dérivée est continue en $0$ pour prouver la monotonie de la vitesse au voisinage de $0$?In this thesis, we are interested in the monotonicity of the speed of the excited random walk (ERW) with bias $bein[0,1]$ in the first direction $e_1.$ The speed is defined as the limit obtained by the law of large number for the horizontal component. The speed depend on the bias $be.$ We present a new proof of the monotonicity of the speed for the dimension $dgeq d_0$, where $d_0$ is large enough, or for the parameter $be$ is small when $dgeq 8$. After that, we consider the random walk with multi-random cookies. The monotonicity of the speed is also proved for some particular cas, for exemple when the dimension is high, or the parameter drift is small, or the number of cookies is large. These are the cas where the walk is near the simple random walk. For the existence of the speed, we also proved the law of large number for a particular cas of stationary cookie but we haven't yet gotten the cas stationary. On the monotonicity, we also proved the rang of the simple random walk with drift $be$ is increasing in the drift. Finally, a question very interesting: the monotonicity of the speed of ERW is true for the small dimension $2leq dleq 8$, isn't it? For this motivation, we proved the speed is infinitly differentiable for all $be>0.$ At the critical point $0,$ we also proved the derivative of the speed at $0$ exists and equals $0$ for $d=2$, exists and is positive for $dgeq 4.$ But we haven't yet known if the derivative of order $2$ at $0$ exists or at least the derivative is continuous at $0$ to prove the monotonicity of the speed in a neighbor of $0$
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Afuni, Ahmad [Verfasser]. "Monotonicity for some geometric flows / Ahmad Afuni." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067442251/34.
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Rabinovich, Roman [Verfasser]. "Graph complexity measures and monotonicity / Roman Rabinovich." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049560892/34.
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Aljoša, Ivanišević. "Monotoni procesi deformisanja pri hladnom zapreminskom oblikovanju i njihova primena za određivanje dijagrama granične deformabilnosti." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107413&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Istraživanja prikazana u disertaciji imala su za cilj razvoj monotonih modela deformisanja u cilju njihove primene za određivanje dijagrama granične deformabilnosti. Kombinacijom različitih geometrija uzoraka, geometrije alata i triboloških uslova razvijeni su monotoni modeli deformisanja koji su promenjeni za određivanje dijagrama granične deformabilnosti.Research presented in this dissertation was conducted in order to develop monotonic forming processes suitable for determination of forming limit diagram. Combining different geometries of billets as well as tools and friction conditions monotonic models are developed and applied for determination of forming limit diagram.
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Dong, Changyu. "Non-monotonic trust management for distributed systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505456.
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Demetriou, I. C. "Data smoothing by piecewise monotonic divided differences." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354670.
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Huang, Chiao Ching Baskiyar Sanjeev. "Minimum power consumption for rate monotonic tasks." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Computer_Science_and_Software_Engineering/Thesis/Huang_Chiao_10.pdf.
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Boussouar, Ahmed. "Ordre et monotonie dans les inclusions différentielles." Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3021.
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Les systèmes dynamiques monotones ont été étudiés dans un cadre très général par W. M. Hirsch, au cours des années 80. Hirsch a obtenu un ensemble de résultats qualitatifs, dont le principe de dichotomie des ensembles limités, qui forment l'essentiel de ce que l'on appelle aujourd'hui la théorie des systèmes dynamiques monotones. Cette théorie a été étendue ou précisée par divers auteurs à des classes de systèmes spécifiques : équations à retard (H. Smith), équations de diffusion réaction (P. Takac), les systèmes dynamiques monotones possédant une intégrale première (O. Arino), entre autres. Le cas de systèmes monotones définis par des inclusions différentielles n'a, à notre connaissance, pas été considéré auparavant. Notre travail est une contribution dans ce sens.
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Edquist, Anders. "Monotonicity formulas and applications in free boundary problems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Matematik (Avd.), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12405.
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This thesis consists of three papers devoted to the study of monotonicity formulas and their applications in elliptic and parabolic free boundary problems. The first paper concerns an inhomogeneous parabolic problem. We obtain global and local almost monotonicity formulas and apply one of them to show a regularity result of a problem that arises in connection with continuation of heat potentials.In the second paper, we consider an elliptic two-phase problem with coefficients bellow the Lipschitz threshold. Optimal $C^{1,1}$ regularity of the solution and a regularity result of the free boundary are established.The third and last paper deals with a parabolic free boundary problem with Hölder continuous coefficients. Optimal $C^{1,1}\cap C^{0,1}$ regularity of the solution is proven.QC20100621
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Hierro, Fabregat Alba. "Monotonicity preserving shock capturing techniques for finite elements." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398577.
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The main object of study of this thesis is the development of artificial diffusion shock capturing techniques for continuous and discontinuous Galerkin (cG and dG) approximations of the convection-diffusion problem. Special emphasis is given to the fulfillment of the Discrete Maximum Principle (DMP).
Two artificial diffusion techniques are proposed for the transport problem in cG. They scale the corresponding artificial viscosity according to the variation of the gradient of the discrete solution between elements and one of them is proven to be monotonicity preserving. Both methods are used in combination with linear stabilization to enhance its performance; in particular a novel symmetric projection stabilization technique based on a local Scott-Zhang projector is proposed. The weighting of such detector in order to preserve the monotonicity properties "including entropy stability for 1D" of the underlying methods is faced. Both shock capturing techniques are shown to outperform other methods in the literature for different sets of numerical tests.
In the dG case a novel definition of the DMP has been provided. One of the gradient jump shock detectors previously used for cG methods has been adapted to this new paradigm and proved to enjoy the DMP property in the one dimensional case. A possible extension to the multidimensional case is proposed.
A DMP-enjoying multidimensional dG method for the convection-diffusion equation is obtained by means of graph-viscosity techniques. The method perturbs the entries of the problem matrix to enforce some properties that lead to a DMP. Appropriate shock detectors are used to weight the perturbation of the problem matrix and the lumping of the Mass matrix, avoiding an excessive smearing of the final solution.
Finally an hp-adaptive technique is proposed to solve the steady convection-diffusion problem. A novel troubled-cell detector based on the evolution of the gradient of the discrete solution along the refinement process is proposed. This troubled-cell detector is able to detect the shock layers in which linear order is enforced. Moreover the application of the artificial viscosity is restricted to such regions. At the same time, high order polynomials are reached through p-refinement in the smooth regions of the solutions.
The performance of all the methods has been tested by means of various numerical tests and the results obtained are provided and commented in the document.En aquesta tesi es proposen diferents eines de difusió artificial per a la captura de xocs en mètodes de Galerkin continu i discontinu (cG i dG) aplicats al problema de convecció-difusió. S’ha posat un especial èmfasi en aconseguir mètodes que satisfacin la versió discreta del Principi del Màxim (DMP). S’han proposat dos mètodes de difusió artificial per a l’equació del transport en cG. Ambdós utilitzen la variació del gradient (de la solució discreta) entre els elements per a escalar la quantitat de viscositat que afegeixen i s’ha provat que un d’ells compleix el DMP. Per tal de millorar-ne els resultats, aquests mètodes s’utilitzen en combinació amb diferents tipus d’estabilizació lineal; en particular es proposa un nova tècnica d’estabilització per projecció simètrica local basada en un projector d’Scott-Zhang. També es contempla un sistema de ponderació de l’activació dels termes d’aquest darrer mètode per tal de preservar les propietats monotòniques del mètode subjacent; incloent la convergència a la solució entròpica. S’ha proposat una nova definició de DMP per al cas discontinu. S’ha adaptat un dels detectors de xocs del cas continu per tal que la compleixi en el cas 1D i se n’ha indicat una possible extensió per al cas multidimensional. S’aconsegueix un mètode que compleixi el DMP per al cas discontinu fent ús de la graf-viscositat. Els valors de la matriu del problema es modifiquen per tal d’obtenir-ne una que es pot demostrar que compleix les propietats desitjades. Per tal de minimitzar l’impacte d’aquestes pertorbacions en el resultat final, es limita la seva aplicació als graus de llibertat on és necessària fent ús del detector de xocs prèviament proposat. Finalment, es proposa una tècnica d’hp-adaptivitat per resoldre el problema de convecció-difusió estacionari. S’ha dissenyat un marcador de cel·les conflictives que és capaç de detectar les regions amb xocs mitjantçant el seguiment de l’evolució del valor del gradient de la solució discreta amb el refinament de la malla. Aquest marcador de cel·les conflictives determina quins elements han de ser estabilitzats amb el nostre capturador de xocs i n’imposa ordre lineal. Entretant, a les regions on la solució és suau s’assoleixen polinomis d’alt ordre mitjantçant l’ús d’algorismes de p-refinament. El comportament de totes aquestes tècniques de captura de xocs ha estat posat a prova amb un seguit d’experiments numèrics el resultat dels quals acompanya la presentació de cada mètode al llarg de tot el document.
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Bonilla, de Toro Jesús. "Monotonicity-preserving finite element methods for hyperbolic problems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668242.
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This thesis covers the development of monotonicity preserving finite element methods for hyperbolic problems. In particular, scalar convection-diffusion and Euler equations are used as model problems for the discussion in this dissertation.
A novel artificial diffusion stabilization method has been proposed for scalar problems. This technique is proved to yield monotonic solutions, to be \ac{led}, Lipschitz continuous, and linearity preserving. These properties are satisfied in multiple dimensions and for general meshes. However, these results are limited to first order Lagrangian finite elements. A modification of this stabilization operator that is twice differentiable has been also proposed. With this regularized operator, nonlinear convergence is notably improved, while the stability properties remain unaltered (at least, in a weak sense).
An extension of this stabilization method to high-order discretizations has also been proposed. In particular, arbitrary order space-time isogeometric analysis is used for this purpose. It has been proved that this scheme yields solutions that satisfy a global space-time discrete maximum principle unconditionally. A partitioned approach has also been proposed. This strategy reduces the computational cost of the scheme, while it preserves all stability properties. A regularization of this stabilization operator has also been developed. As for the first order finite element method, it improves the nonlinear convergence without harming the stability properties.
An extension to Euler equations has also been pursued. In this case, instead of monotonicity-preserving, the developed scheme is local bounds preserving. Following the previous works, a regularized differentiable version has also been proposed. In addition, a continuation method using the parameters introduced for the regularization has been used. In this case, not only the nonlinear convergence is improved, but also the robustness of the method. However, the improvement in nonlinear convergence is limited to moderate tolerances and it is not as notable as for the scalar problem.
Finally, the stabilized schemes proposed had been adapted to adaptive mesh refinement discretizations. In particular, nonconforming hierarchical octree-based meshes have been used. Using these settings, the efficiency of solving a monotonicity-preserving high-order stiff nonlinear problem has been assessed. Given a specific accuracy, the computational time required for solving the high-order problem is compared to the one required for solving a low-order problem (easy to converge) in a much finer adapted mesh. In addition, an error estimator based on the stabilization terms has been proposed and tested.
The performance of all proposed schemes has been assessed using several numerical tests and solving various benchmark problems. The obtained results have been commented and included in the dissertation.La present tesi tracta sobre mètodes d'elements finits que preserven la monotonia per a problemes hiperbòlics. Concretament, els problemes que s'han utilitzat com a model en el desenvolupament d'aquesta tesi són l'equació escalar de convecció-difusió-reacció i les equacions d'Euler. Per a problemes escalars s'ha proposat un nou mètode d'estabilització mitjançant difusió artificial. S'ha provat que amb aquesta tècnica les solucions obtingudes són monòtones, l'esquema "disminueix els extrems locals", i preserva la linearitat. Aquestes propietats s'han pogut demostrar per múltiples dimensions i per malles generals. Per contra, aquests resultats només són vàlids per elements finits Lagrangians de primer ordre. També s'ha proposat una modificació de l'operador d'estabilització per tal de que aquest sigui diferenciable. Aquesta regularització ha permès millorar la convergència no-lineal notablement, mentre que les propietats d'estabilització no s'han vist alterades. L'anterior mètode d'estabilització s'ha adaptat a discretitzacions d'alt ordre. Concretament, s'ha utilitzat anàlisi isogeomètrica en espai i temps per a aquesta tasca. S'ha provat que les solucions obtingudes mitjançant aquest mètode satisfan el principi del màxim discret de forma global. També s'ha proposat un esquema particionat. Aquesta alternativa redueix el cost computacional, mentre preserva totes les propietats d'estabilitat. En aquest cas, també s'ha realitzat una regularització de l'operador d'estabilització per tal de que sigui diferenciable. Tal i com s'ha observat en els mètodes de primer ordre, aquesta regularització permet millorar la convergència no-lineal sense perdre les propietats d'estabilització. Posteriorment, s'ha estudiat l'adaptació dels mètodes anteriors a les equacions d'Euler. En aquest cas, en comptes de preservar la monotonia, l'esquema preserva "cotes locals". Seguint els desenvolupaments anteriors, s'ha proposat una versió diferenciable de l'estabilització. En aquest cas, també s'ha desenvolupat un mètode de continuació utilitzant els paràmetres introduïts per a la regularització. En aquest cas, no només ha millorat la convergència no-lineal sinó que l'esquema també esdevé més robust. Per contra, la millora en la convergència no-lineal només s'observa per a toleràncies moderades i no és tan notable com en el cas dels problemes escalars. Finalment, els esquemes d'estabilització proposat s'han adaptat a malles de refinament adaptatiu. Concretament, s'han utilitzat malles no-conformes basades en octrees. Utilitzant aquesta configuració, l'eficiència de resoldre un problema altament no-lineal ha estat avaluada de la següent forma. Donada una precisió determinada, el temps computacional requerit per resoldre el problema utilitzant un esquema d'alt ordre ha estat comparat amb el temps necessari per resoldre'l utilitzant un esquema de baix ordre en una malla adaptativa molt més refinada. Addicionalment, també s'ha proposat un estimador de l'error basat en l'operador d'estabilització. El comportament de tots els esquemes proposats anteriorment s'ha avaluat mitjançant varis tests numèrics. Els resultats s'han compilat i comentat en la present tesi.
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Kunze, Herbert Eduard. "Monotonicity properties of systems of ordinary differential equations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21361.pdf.
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Koontz-Garboden, Andrew. "States, changes of state, and the monotonicity hypothesis /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Boger, Richard Keith. "Non-monotonic strain hardening and its constitutive representation." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1138979144.
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Boger, Richard K. Jr. "Non-monotonic strain hardening and its constitutive representation." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1138979144.
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Low, K. S. "Pile-anchor response to monotonic and repeated loadings." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370175.
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Gao, Shuyang. "On two-color monotonic self-equilibrium urn models." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10113233.
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In this study, we focus on a class of two-color balanced urns with multiple drawings that has the property of monotonic self-equilibrium. We give the definition of a monotonic self-equilibrium urn model by specifying the form of its replacement matrix. At each step, a sample of size m ≥ 1 is drawn from the urn, and the replacement rule prespecified by a matrix is applied. The idea is to support whichever color that has fewer counts in the sample. Intuitively, for any urn scheme within this class, the proportions of white and blue balls in the urn tend to be equal asymptotically. We observe by simulation that, when n is large, the number of white balls in the urn within this class is around half of the total number of balls in the urn on average and is normally distributed. Within the class of affine urn schemes, we specify subclasses that have the property of monotonic self-equilibrium, and derive limiting behavior of the number of white balls using existing results. The class of non-affine urn schemes is not yet well developed in the literature. We work on a subclass of non-affine urn models that has the property of monotonic self-equilibrium. For the special case that one ball is added into the urn at each step, we derive limiting behavior of the expectation and the variance and prove convergence in probability for the proportion of white balls in the urn. An optimal strategy on urn balancing and application of monotonic self-equilibrium urn models are also briefly discussed.
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Nordén, Catharina. "Effektbelysning i trafikmiljö." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Belysningslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36494.
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Examensarbetet genomfördes vid Jönköping University i samband med Ljusdesign utbildningen år 2017. Undersökningen avsåg att undersöka trafikmiljön utmed motorvägen mellan Värnamo och Jönköping, för att kunna kartlägga och få en uppfattning av hur effektbelysningen där kan användas med färgat ljus utan att skapa en fara i trafiken. Målet var att undersöka om effektbelysningarna visade en påverkan på bilförarnas upplevelse av motorvägen, samt om färgerna gav en skillnad i upplevelsen eller skapade distraktioner. Området var aktuellt att undersöka eftersom effektbelysningar utmed vägar blir alltmer vanliga efter teknologin inom belysning blivit mer användbar och ekonomiskt försvarbar. Av det skälet blir effektbelysningar av färg vanliga men antas också ge en påverkan i trafiken som vi inte är medvetna om. Studiens frågeställningar formulerades därefter och undersökte hur effektbelysning på objekt påverkar bilförares upplevelse i trafiken. Samt om effektbelysning av färg och neutralt ljus påverkade upplevelsen olika.Fältstudien genomfördes under tre kvällar i mars månad på en bensinstation i anknytning till sträckan som undersöktes. Deltagarna svarade på ett frågeformulär med semantiska skalor där de fyllde i hur de känt sig och upplevt vägsträckan de hade kört. Av deltagarna tillfrågades slumpmässiga uttagna personer om de kunde svara på följdfrågor i form av en intervju. På sträckan fanns sju stycken effektbelysningar varav tre hade färgat ljus. Resultaten visade att effektbelysningen på objekten fångade bilförarnas uppmärksamhet och påverkade bilförarnas upplevelse av vägsträckan. Studien visade även att förarna påverkades olika av effektbelysningarna beroende på om ljussättningen var av färgat eller neutralt ljus. Slutsatserna av undersökningen visar hur förarna i denna studie upplevde sträckan mellan Jönköping och Värnamo. För att konstatera hur belysta objekt generellt påverkar trafiksäkerheten krävs mer forskning.The thesis was conducted at Jönköping University in conjunction with the lighting design education in year 2017. The study aimed at investigating the traffic environment along the high way between Värnamo and Jönköping in order to map and get an idea of how the effect lighting can be used with colored light without creating a danger to traffic. The aim was to investigate whether the effect lights showed an impact on the driver's perception of the highway, and if the colors gave a difference in the experience or created distractions. The area was relevant to investigate as effect lighting are becoming more common after the technology has become more useful and economically justifiable. For that reason effect lighting with color are becoming more common, but are believed to have an impact on traffic that we are not aware of. The thesis questions were then formulated and investigated how effect lighting on objects affects drivers' experience in traffic. As well as if effect lighting of color and neutral light affect drivers’ experience of the road differently.The field study was conducted for three nights in March at a gas station related to the route that was investigated. Participants answered questions with semantic scales where they answered how they felt and experienced the road. Some of the participants were also randomly picked and asked if they could answer any following questions in the form of an interview.The road that was investigated had seven different effect lightings, witch three of them had colored light. The results showed that the lighting on the objects caught the attention of car drivers and affected the road drivers' experience of the road. The study also showed that the drivers were affected differently by the effect lights depending on whether the lighting was of colored or neutral light. The conclusions of the survey show how the drivers in this study experienced the road between Jönköping and Värnamo. To find out how effect lighting on objects generally affect road safety, more research is required.
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Giguelay, Jade. "Estimation des moindres carrés d'une densité discrète sous contrainte de k-monotonie et bornes de risque. Application à l'estimation du nombre d'espèces dans une population." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS248/document.
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Cette thèse est une contribution au domaine de l'estimation non-paramétrique sous contrainte de forme. Les fonctions sont discrètes et la forme considérée, appelée k-monotonie, k désignant un entier supérieur à 2, est une généralisation de la convexité. L'entier k constitue un indicateur du degré de creux d'une fonction convexe. Le manuscrit est structuré en trois parties en plus de l'introduction, de la conclusion et d'une annexe.Introduction :L'introduction comprend trois chapitres. Le premier présente un état de l'art de l'estimation de densité sous contrainte de forme. Le second est une synthèse des résultats obtenus au cours de la thèse, disponible en français et en anglais. Enfin, le Chapitre 3 regroupe quelques notations et des résultats mathématiques utilisés au cours du manuscrit.Partie I : Estimation d'une densité discrète sous contrainte de k-monotonieDeux estimateurs des moindres carrés d'une distribution discrète p* sous contrainte de k-monotonie sont proposés. Leur caractérisation est basée sur la décomposition en base de spline des suites k-monotones, et sur les propriétés de leurs primitives. Les propriétés statistiques de ces estimateurs sont étudiées. Leur qualité d'estimation, en particulier, est appréciée. Elle est mesurée en terme d'erreur quadratique, les deux estimateurs convergent à la vitesse paramétrique. Un algorithme dérivé de l'Algorithme de Réduction de Support est implémenté et disponible au R-package pkmon. Une étude sur jeux de données simulés illustre les propriétés de ces estimateurs. Ce travail a été publié dans Electronic Journal of Statistics (Giguelay, 2017).Partie II : Calculs de bornes de risqueDans le premier chapitre de la Partie II, le risque quadratique de l'estimateur des moindres carrés introduit précédemment est borné. Cette borne est adaptative en le sens qu'elle dépend d'un compromis entre la distance de p* à la frontière de l'ensemble des densités k-monotones à support fini, et de la complexité (en terme de décomposition dans la base de spline) des densités appartenant à cet ensemble qui sont suffisamment proches de p*. La méthode est basée sur une formulation variationnelle du risque proposée par Chatterjee (2014) etgénéralisée au cadre de l'estimation de densité. Par la suite, les entropies à crochet des espaces fonctionnels correspondants sont calculées afin de contrôler le supremum de processus empiriques impliqué dans l'erreur quadratique. L'optimalité de la borne de risque est ensuite discutée au regard des résultats obtenus dans le cas continu et dans le cadre de la régression.Dans le second chapitre de la Partie II, des résultats complémentaires sur les entropies à crochet pour les espaces de fonctions k-monotones sont donnés.Partie III : Estimation du nombre d'espèces dans une population et tests de k-monotonieLa dernière partie traite du problème de l'estimation du nombre d'espèces dans une population. La modélisation choisie est celle d'une distribution d'abondance commune à toutes les espèces et définie comme un mélange. La méthode proposée repose sur l'hypothèse de k-monotonie d'abondance. Cette hypothèse permet de rendre le problème de l'estimation du nombre d'espèces identifiable. Deux approches sont proposées. La première est basée sur l'estimateur des moindres carrés sous contrainte de k-monotonie, tandis que la seconde est basée sur l'estimateur empirique. Les deux estimateurs sont comparés sur une étude sur données simulées. L'estimation du nombre d'espèces étant fortement dépendante du degré de k-monotonie choisi dans le modèle, trois procédures de tests multiples sont ensuite proposées pour inférer le degré k directement sur la base des observations. Le niveau et la puissance de ces procédures sont calculés, puis évalués au moyen d'une étude sur jeux de données simulés et la méthode est appliquée sur des jeux de données réels issus de la littératureThis thesis belongs to the field of nonparametric density estimation under shape constraint. The densities are discrete and the form is k-monotonicity, k>1, which is a generalization of convexity. The integer k is an indicator for the hollow's degree of a convex function. This thesis is composed of three parts, an introduction, a conclusion and an appendix.Introduction :The introduction is structured in three chapters. First Chapter is a state of the art of the topic of density estimation under shape constraint. The second chapter of the introduction is a synthesis of the thesis, available in French and in English. Finally Chapter 3 is a short chapter which summarizes the notations and the classical mathematical results used in the manuscript.Part I : Estimation of a discrete distribution under k-monotonicityconstraintTwo least-square estimators of a discrete distribution p* under constraint of k-monotonicity are proposed. Their characterisation is based on the decomposition on a spline basis of k-monotone sequences, and on the properties of their primitives. Their statistical properties are studied, and in particular their quality of estimation is measured in terms of the quadratic error. They are proved to converge at the parametric rate. An algorithm derived from the support reduction algorithm is implemented in the R-package pkmon. A simulation study illustrates the properties of the estimators. This piece of works, which constitutes Part I of the manuscript, has been published in ElectronicJournal of Statistics (Giguelay, 2017).Part II : Calculation of risks boundsIn the first chapter of Part II, a methodology for calculating riskbounds of the least-square estimator is given. These bounds are adaptive in that they depend on a compromise between the distance of p* on the frontier of the set of k-monotone densities with finite support, and the complexity (linked to the spline decomposition) of densities belonging to this set that are closed to p*. The methodology based on the variational formula of the risk proposed by Chatterjee (2014) is generalized to the framework of discrete k-monotone densities. Then the bracketting entropies of the relevant functionnal space are calculating, leading to control the empirical process involved in the quadratic risk. Optimality of the risk bound is discussed in comparaison with the results previously obtained in the continuous case and for the gaussian regression framework. In the second chapter of Part II, several results concerningbracketting entropies of spaces of k-monotone sequences are presented.Part III : Estimating the number of species in a population and tests of k-monotonicityThe last part deals with the problem of estimating the number ofpresent species in a given area at a given time, based on theabundances of species that have been observed. A definition of ak-monotone abundance distribution is proposed. It allows to relatethe probability of observing zero species to the truncated abundancedistribution. Two approaches are proposed. The first one is based on the Least-Squares estimator under constraint of k-monotonicity, the second oneis based on the empirical distribution. Both estimators are comparedusing a simulation study. Because the estimator of the number ofspecies depends on the value of the degree of monotonicity k, we proposea procedure for choosing this parameter, based on nested testingprocedures. The asymptotic levels and power of the testing procedureare calculated, and the behaviour of the method in practical cases isassessed on the basis of a simulation study
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Mun, Byoung-Jae. "Unsaturated soil behavior under monotonic and cyclic stress states." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1361.
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The objectives of this dissertation are to measure and calculate surface free energies of soil particles, to understand the mechanical behavior of unsaturated silty sand through first studying the stress-strain relationship, the effects of matric suction and pore water chemistry and second to interpret the behavior by the critical state frame work, to develop a method to predict cone tip resistance in unsaturated soils, and to present the concept of pseudo strain and dissipated pseudo strain energy.
Universal Sorption Device (USD) is developed to measure surface free energies of soil particles. The test results on a soil sample shows that specific surface area increased with decreasing particle size. The components of surface free energies and the work of adhesion increased with decreasing particle size.
A servo controlled triaxial testing device is developed to test 15.24 cm in height and 7.62 cm in diameter, recompacted specimens of unsaturated soil under varying matric suction and different pore chemistry. During the test, the matric suction is maintained constant. Results from the triaxial drained tests are used for validation of the constitutive models proposed by Alonso et al. (1990). Predictions from the model are in good agreement with experimental results.
The critical state model for unsaturated soil is used to calculate cone tip resistance in unsaturated silty sand. The calculated cone tip resistance is used to evaluate the liquefaction potential of unsaturated soils. The results from the stress based liquefaction potential analysis reveal that even in an unsaturated condition soil is susceptible to liquefaction.
By applying the pseudo strain concept, it is possible to account for the viscous resistance of water during cyclic loading. The results of undrained cyclic triaxial tests are used to calculate pseudo-strain and dissipated pseudo strain energy. The results of calculated dissipated pseudo strain energy suggest that the effect of initial matric suction is evident. On the other hand, the effect of surface tension increase or decrease due to existence of chemical on the pore water is negligible.
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Yilma, Yirgu. "Non-monotonic concurrent constraint program verification using phase semantics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ48190.pdf.
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Partonia, Saeed. "ActRec - A Non-monotonic Reasoning Tool for Activity Recognition." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-99647.
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Human activities usually have a motive and are driven by goal directed sequence of actions. Recognizing and supporting human activities is an important challenge for ambient assisted living. Human activity recognition has a wide scope of application areas, e.g., aged care support, health care, smart homes, natural disasters and energy efficient urban spaces. Different techniques have successfully been applied to infer human activity, including machine learning and data mining. These data driven techniques work well within a particular domain and situations in which they are initially set in. However two main drawbacks with such methods have been observed in the literature: they are domain dependent and also require large amount of data annotation for model training. Hence, different authors have argued for exploring complex activity recognition techniques that not only rely on data but also involve domain knowledge is necessary. Against to this background, in this project, we explore non-monotonic reasoning technics in order to capture domain knowledge in terms of action specification languages. By considering an action specification language, called CTAID, and Answer Set Programming, we propose and develop a system called ActRec system which takes background information into consideration and operates independently from the environmental factors. We also explore a novel definition of activity which is used in the implementation of ActRec.
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Thusyanthan, Indrasenan. "Behaviour of landfill systems under monotonic and earthquake loading." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272125.
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Zupan, Alexander Martin. "Thin position, bridge structure, and monotonic simplification of knots." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3420.
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Since its inception, the notion of thin position has played an important role in low-dimensional topology. Thin position for knots in the 3-sphere was first introduced by David Gabai in order to prove the Property R Conjecture. In addition, this theory factored into Cameron Gordon and John Luecke's proof of the knot complement problem and revolutionized the study of Heegaard splittings upon its adaptation by Martin Scharlemann and Abigail Thompson.
Let h be a Morse function from the 3-sphere to the real numbers with two critical points. Loosely, thin position of a knot K in the 3-sphere is a particular embedding of K which minimizes the total number of intersections with a maximal collection of regular level sets, where this number of intersections is called the width of the knot. Although not immediately obvious, it has been demonstrated that there is a close relationship between a thin position of a knot K and essential meridional planar surfaces in its exterior E(K).
In this thesis, we study the nature of thin position under knot companionship; namely, for several families of knots we establish a lower bound for the width of a satellite knot based on the width of its companion and the wrapping or winding number of its pattern. For one such class of knots, cable knots, in addition to finding thin position for these knots, we establish a criterion under which non-minimal bridge positions of cable knots are stabilized. Finally, we exhibit an embedding of the unknot whose width must be increased before it can be simplified to thin position.
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Thom, Rachael. "Performance of unsaturated soil under monotonic and repeated loading." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486217.
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Unsaturated soils constitute a large proportion of the foundation materials supporting infrastructure throughout the world and they are subject to various loading conditions. The research into the behaviour of unsaturated soils has been ignored for many centuries; however the recent years have witnessed a surge of research activities looking into various aspects. The present research reported in this thesis places emphasis on the perfomlance of unsaturated soils under repeated loading. As part of the research, a series of monotonic and repeated load triaxial tests were perfonned on samples of kaolin clay prepared to various compaction water contents, 22%, 25%, '28% and 31% and two different compression pressures, 400kPa and 800kPa. Undrained tests were conducted in a newly developed simple triaxial cell for testing unsaturated soil under repeated loading with hydraulic loading system, hall-effect transducers for on-sample strain measurements and thennocouple psychrometer for suction measurements. Drained tests were conducted in twin-cell stress path apparatus with controlled suction by axis translation teclmique. The main findings of the research provide a remarkable insight into the influence of suction, and more imp011antly the degree of saturation, on the permanent defonnation and resilient behaviour of unsaturated compacted kaolin. At high suctions repeated loading was found to have a positive effect on the soil pelfoIl1lance. However, at low suction, repeated loading had a detrimental effect on the strength and stiffness of unsaturated soil, under both drained and undrained conditions. An important outcome of the research is the progression of permanent defoIl11ation throughout repeated loading with no asymptotic value ever being reached, particularly at loading amplitudes of more than 70% of the failure load.
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Soysa, Achala Nishan. "Monotonic and cyclic shear loading response of natural silts." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52356.
Full textAbstract:
An experimental research program comprising constant-volume direct simple shear (DSS) tests was conducted to study the monotonic, cyclic shear and post cyclic consolidation response of natural silts. Relatively undisturbed samples of silt which were obtained from three different locations in the Lower Mainland area of British Columbia were used for this purpose. Plasticity indices of the natural silt samples which were considered for the study were 5, 7, and 34. Monotonic shear response of the natural silt was studied with the constant volume DSS test results that were conducted with different vertical effective stresses and different overconsolidation ratios (OCRs). Stress-strain response of normally consolidated silt at different consolidation stresses were found to be stress-history-normalizable where as higher OCR and higher plasticity resulted greater shear strength. Normally consolidated silt specimen, despite of their difference plasticity, exhibit gradual strain accumulation without abrupt loss of shear stiffness during cyclic loading with different cyclic stress ratios (CSRs) at different consolidation stress levels. The potential and rate of strain accumulation and development of excess pore-water pressure (Δu) were noted to be increased with higher CSRs at all tested consolidation stress levels. The cyclic shear resistances of silt, derived from cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests, were not sensitive to the tested range of different consolidation stress levels, whereas higher plasticity resulted greater cyclic shear resistance. Relative undisturbed specimens exhibit comparatively higher cyclic shear resistance than the reconstituted specimens despite of comparatively denser particle arrangement in reconstituted specimens. However, during the constant-volume monotonic DSS tests, relative undisturbed specimens exhibit comparatively lesser shear resistance than the reconstituted specimens implying that soil fabric / microstructure plays a significant role in governing the shear loading response of silt. The examination of consolidation responses of silt specimens that were initially normally consolidated and subjected to constant-volume CDSS loading revealed that the post cyclic consolidation volumetric strain increases with the maximum cyclic pore-water pressure ratio developed during constant volume CDSS loading for all tested silt specimens with different plasticity.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Barnes, Daniel Mark. "Monotonic and cyclic shear response of reconstituted natural silt." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55892.
Full textAbstract:
A triaxial apparatus was upgraded and a specimen preparation device was developed to enable monotonic and cyclic triaxial testing of low plastic reconstituted silts. The silt reconstitution technique involves consolidating silt slurry inside a cylindrical split mold, directly on the triaxial base pedestal. The slurry is carefully poured into the split mold using a flexible hose. A vertical load is then applied to slurry using a top cap and loading ram. Loading is applied in an incremental manner and the slurry is allowed to consolidate, creating a specimen firm enough to carry on with triaxial testing. The newly developed silt reconstitution device was verified with respect to specimen uniformity, saturation and test repeatability.
Using the new triaxial apparatus and silt reconstitution device, the monotonic and cyclic shear response of Kamloops silt was investigated, contributing to the understanding of the material behaviour of relatively low plastic silt. Silt specimens, initially hydrostatically consolidated to various stress levels, displayed cyclic mobility type strain development during both monotonic and cyclic loading. The specimen preparation technique was capable of producing laboratory test specimens having Skempton’s B values of greater than 0.98, indicating a high level of saturation of prepared specimens.
The undrained shear strength measured in undrained monotonic triaxial extension was found to be 20% lower than the undrained shear strength measured in monotonic triaxial compression. This difference is in accord with the stress-path dependency typically found in gravity deposited sediments, and is considered to be due to the anisotropic soil fabric.
Liquefaction in the form of strain softening accompanied by loss of shear strength did not manifest in the reconstituted Kamloops silt regardless of the applied cyclic stress ratio (CSR). The cyclic shear resistance of the material was found to be relatively insensitive to the applied confining stress level. The cyclic mobility type stress-strain behaviour was observed in spite of the initial static shear stress bias. The potential for excess pore water pressure generation was observed to decrease significantly with increasing level of initial static shear.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Etherington, David William. "Reasoning with incomplete information : investigations of non-monotonic reasoning." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27070.
Full textAbstract:
Intelligent behaviour relies heavily on the ability to reason in the absence of complete information. Until recently, there has been little work done on developing a formal understanding of how such reasoning can be performed. We focus on two aspects of this problem: default or prototypical reasoning, and closed-world or circumscriptive reasoning.
After surveying the work in the field, we concentrate on Reiter's default logic and the various circumscriptive formalisms developed by McCarthy and others. Taking a largely semantic approach, we develop and/or extend model-theoretic semantics for the formalisms in question. These and other tools are then used to chart the capabilities, limitations, and interrelationships of the various approaches.
It is argued that the formal systems considered, while interesting in their own rights, have an important role as specification/evaluation tools vis-a-vis explicitly computational approaches. An application of these principles is given in the formalization of inheritance networks in the presence of exceptions, using default logic.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Zuo, Yanling. "Monotone regression functions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29457.
Full textAbstract:
In some applications, we require a monotone estimate of a regression function. In others, we want to test whether the regression function is monotone. For solving the first problem, Ramsay's, Kelly and Rice's, as well as point-wise monotone regression
functions in a spline space are discussed and their properties developed. Three monotone estimates are defined: least-square regression splines, smoothing splines and binomial regression splines. The three estimates depend upon a "smoothing parameter":
the number and location of knots in regression splines and the usual [formula omitted] in smoothing splines. Two standard techniques for choosing the smoothing parameter, GCV and AIC, are modified for monotone estimation, for the normal errors case. For answering the second question, a test statistic is proposed and its null distribution conjectured. Simulations are carried out to check the conjecture. These techniques are applied to two data sets.Science, Faculty of
Statistics, Department of
Graduate
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Closen, Max. "Self-tapping screw assemblies under monotonic and reverse cyclic load." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42780.
Full textAbstract:
In the past century old-growth forests in Canada and the USA provided sufficiently large, clear wooden construction material which have been extensively used. Today, the importance of high-quality structural timber and wood products has increased by far. This increase in demand for high-quality timber and wood products can only be satisfied with second-growth wood, some remaining old-growth forests, and of course engineered wood products. The performance of these materials in structures is, however, largely influenced by the capacity of connections. The envelope in timber construction can only be pushed forward if research on mechanical fasteners and connections that are strong, reliable and cost efficient is conducted. Primary focus of research must address the inherent tensile and shear weaknesses of wood perpendicular and parallel to the wood grain.
The thesis presented here experimentally investigates the performance of newly evolved structural self-tapping full thread wood screws as a primary fastener in Canadian Douglas-fir glulam and Cross-Laminated-Timber. The screws as primary fasteners were investigated in a commonly used shear connection and a recently developed moment resisting assembly under reverse cyclic load. Both connection systems utilize the high withdrawal resistance and tensile strength of the fastener with inclined (screw-in angles between 30° and 45°) arrangements. The inclined arrangement allows force transfer along the fastener axis and therefore reduces perpendicular to grain splitting and parallel to grain shear failure and provides high connection capacities and stiffness. The results show that structural self-tapping wood screws can effectively be used as primary connector under reverse cyclic loading conditions. In addition to the screw’s superior withdrawal resistance and tensile strength the research showed that self-tapping screws can be applied efficiently with commonly available machinery and tools.
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Jachowicz, Pawel. "Describing plan recognition as non-monotonic reasoning and belief revision." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28949.pdf.
Full text
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Hesar, Majid Alizadeh. "Behaviour of pile-anchors subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303764.
Full text
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Soon, Kong Ann. "Behavior of pressure confined concrete in monotonic and cyclic loadings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14811.
Full text
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Jamison, Jared Bernard Jr. "Monotonic and Cyclic Performance of Structurally Insulated Panel Shear Walls." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35751.
Full textAbstract:
The majority of residential construction and a significant portion of light commercial and industrial construction has been, and will continue to be light-framed timber construction. In recent years, innovations have surfaced to improve upon light-framed construction. Structurally insulated panels (SIPS) are gaining popularity due to their superior energy efficiency and ease of construction. Light-framed timber construction has proven to be trustworthy in high-wind and seismic regions due to its lightweight construction and numerous redundancies. Shear walls, along with floor and roof diaphragms, resist lateral loads in a timber structure. In the past, research has focused on the static racking performance of light-framed shear walls. More recently, research has been focused on the cyclic and dynamic performance of shear walls.
To the author's knowledge, no other research is reported in the literature on the cyclic performance of SIPS shear walls. It is important to understand and quantify the monotonic and cyclic response of shear walls. In this study, twenty-three full-scale shear walls were tested under monotonic loading and sequential phased displacement cyclic loading. Four different wall configurations were examined. Monotonic and cyclic performance of the shear walls and monotonic and cyclic testing procedures are compared. Response of SIPS shear walls is also compared to the response of light-framed shear walls based on capacity, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation, damping characteristics, and overall behavior. Results of this study will provide useful information regarding the performance of SIPS shear walls and similar systems subjected to static, cyclic, and dynamic lateral loads.Master of Science