Relevant bibliographies by topics / Monopolies – European Union countries

Academic literature on the topic 'Monopolies – European Union countries'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Monopolies – European Union countries"

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Krstić, Boro. "Concentrations of economic entities in the law of the European Union and their connection with the agricultural sector." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 67, no. 4 (2020): 1233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2004233k.

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Purpose the paper should confirm that concentrations of economic entities, which perform agricultural or other activities, in addition to distorting competition, are frequent cases of competition protection on the European Union market. Methodology the paper uses dogmatic and normative method that highlights existing legal solutions and indicate the directions of de lege ferenda solutions and method of content analysis. Results Concentrations of business entities are playing an increasing role in the world economy and law. The process of globalization of international trade and increasing competition among businessmen, especially in the countries of the European Union, have contributed to this. Conclusions Concentrations of business entities are important in creating market monopolies and they represent means of protecting the global market. Recommendations an important aspect of the concentration is its compatibility with the global market, otherwise, the application of temporary measures is recommended in order to restore the previous state.
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Örnberg, Jenny Cisneros. "Nordic gambling markets and the possibilities for state-level control1." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 18 (October 1, 2006): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2006.18.8.

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Gambling has gone through considerable changes during recent decades with new forms of gambling, increased turnover, and increasingly extensive marketing of different modes of gambling. At the same time, the monopolistic structure of state-controlled gambling has been questioned by media and private actors on national and European Union (EU) levels. The focus has increasingly ended up on legal interpretations of the possibilities of and the obstacles for state regulation, which has recently placed Nordic gambling monopolies under scrutiny. The purpose of this article is to clarify the legal arrangements for gambling in the Nordic countries and also how the different countries have chosen to react to increased pressure for deregulation of this area. The article describes how gambling is regulated in the five different countries and analyses what parts of the legal framework of the EU are a threat to the existing gambling systems in these countries.
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Zajc, Katarina, and Breda Mulec. "New Challenges in the Filed of Ambient Air Protection with the Emphasis on Economic (in)efficiencies of Chimney Sweeping Services." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/11.2.311-324(2013).

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This paper analyzes new challenges in the field of ambient air protection, such as the use of new energy-generating products, and assesses the air quality protection responsibilities of local communities in European Union (EU) Member States. Domestic heating systems are a major source of air pollution. Thus, chimney-sweeping services are very important and must be regulated to provide fire safety and guarantee better ambient air quality. This paper analyzes Slovenian legislation regulating chimney-sweeping services and compares the Slovenian laws with comparable laws of other European countries and the national laws of EU Member States to examine the laws’ effectiveness in regulating and protecting air quality. More specifically, the paper uses legal and economic analyses to examine the efficiency of current legislation pertaining to chimney-sweeping services. The paper concludes that, consistent with theories of asymmetric information and negative externalities, licensing would be more effective in meeting the challenges of ambient air protection than current exclusive concession agreements, which effectively establish geographical monopolies in chimney-sweeping services.
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Alfaro-Navarro, Jose Luis, Jose Mondejar-Jimenez, Manuel Vargas-Vargas, Juan Carlos Gazquez-Abad, and Jose Felipe Jimenez- Guerrero. "The Effects Of The Distribution Of Agricultural Direct Payments." Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS) 15, no. 5 (September 28, 2011): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v15i5.6015.

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The Common Agricultural Policy (the CAP) is the most important common policy of the European Union, for which reason it traditionally monopolizes a large part of the European Union budget. Without doubt, the aids that farms receive from this policy are the pillar on which it sustains the battered agricultural sectors. Among CAP aid, direct payments are particularly important, in 2008 accounting for about 37% of the total EU budget. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the effects that the distribution of the CAP direct payments have on the agrarian economy. Specifically, we have analysed the equality level in distribution of CAP direct aid in the countries of the European Union using a concentration index. In this way, we have examined the fairness of distribution of CAP direct aid in the agricultural sector.
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Lučić, Sonja. "The supplementary protection certificate: The recent decisions of the Court of justice of the European Union." Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, no. 4 (2021): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2104101l.

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In recent years, public health systems in high-income countries have been heavily exposed to pressures due to high drug prices. High drug prices are affected by market monopolies that pharmaceutical companies have thanks to patents, i.e. the exclusive rights granted to them for drugs. An additional factor affecting high drug prices is the extended forms of intellectual property protection, including the extension of the exclusivity period after the expiration of a patent for medical devices. The supplementary protection certificate as a form of a supplementary protection for pharmaceutical products in the European Union is regulated by the Regulation 469/2009. This form of protection is also known in the national patent regulations. Since the entry into force of the Regulation 469/2009, there has been debated the question of whether the supplementary protection certificate should be available for new therapeutic uses of previously approved active ingredients. In addition, the subject of interpretation was also the Article 3(a) of the Regulation 469/2009 requiring that the "product" (i.e. the active ingredient or combination of active ingredients) being the subject matter of the SPC application, should be "protected by the basic patent". The author analyzes several important decisions of the EU Court of Justice, with an emphasis put on the recent verdicts in both the "Santen" and "Royality Pharma" cases. In the grounds of these cases, there have widely been discussed the issue concerning the encouragements given to pharmaceutical companies being involved into medical researches in order to stimulate their investment into innovation treatments.
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Stojanović, Boban, Milan Ranđelović, and Vladan Vučić. "CHALLENGES OF THE COMPETITION POLICY IN SERBIA AND OTHER WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34010147s.

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Free and undisturbed competition, in terms of competing among the market participants to gain as much share as possible, is one of the cornerstones of the efficient functioning of a market economy, all with the aim of increasing social welfare. Due to the emergence and increase of numerous market anomalies, the market of perfect (complete) competition remains only a theoretically viable concept, while imperfect market structures and unequal market relations form are an economic reality. The market in some countries is developed as much as the competition. A competition must be encouraged and even protected with mechanisms and standards that are appropriate to the market economy. In this way the competition encourages an increase of market players performanses. In the process of accession of Serbia and other Western Balkan countries to the European Union one of the most sensitive and most complex economic problems is just related to the construction of a modern market structure. It is certain that the attitude towards the market and the development of competition should have a crucial role in the future economic development and the inclusion of these countries in trends on the single European market. In this sense it is a developed legal regulation which, on the one hand, encourages and helps to strengthen the competitiveness of enterprises in domestic and foreign markets, and on the other hand, with very rigorous sanctions discouraged and suppressing the creation of monopolies, effectively prevents all forms of distortion of competition, monopolistic tendencies (agreements), abuse of the dominant position in the market. The inherent aspiration to restrict competition in any way requires the establishment of an adequate legal and institutional framework. Forming an effective antitrust policy is a conditio sine qua non for the smooth operation of the "invisible hand" in the field of competition protection. Experience shows that in the transition countries the most complex issue is related to the construction of a competetive market structure in a function of ensuring an intense and effective competition between economic entities. Antitrust legislation is therefore particularly important in small open economies that are in pressure of globalization and local state and private monopolies. Among these countries are the Western Balkan states, which are the subject of the research of authors in this paper. Experience shows, and the current practice in Serbia fully confirm that just in the domain of creating the competitive market conditions show considerable resistance. Paper points out the shortcomings and the possible increase in the degree of efficiency of antitrust legislation in the Western Balkan countries.
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Kossecki, Paweł, and Oguzhan Akin. "Valuation of copyrights to audiovisual works: transparency practices of the copyright management organizations in the European Union." Ekonomia i Prawo 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 543–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eip.2021.033.

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Motivation: The functioning of the audiovisual sector strongly depends on the use of copyrights and related rights. Problems with their clearing could harm the functioning of companies and might even lead to strong financial problems. The distribution of copyright-protected audiovisual works requires the licensing of rights by different rightsholders. Some of them are represented by Copyright Management Organizations (CMOs), which allow users to clear rights for many works without individual negotiations. Fees paid to CMOs for copyright-protected content constitute a significant part of operating costs for companies like TV stations, cable operators, VoD (Video on Demand) platforms. In case of intellectual properties for audiovisual works, CMOs make the valuation. They have been facing legal challenges due to subjective valuations as a result of being monopolies in the local market of the represented country and lack of transparency. Aim: This work explores the transparency of 21 CMOs in 4 EU countries due to their expected to be an integrated market status as the result of political and economic amalgamation. In addition to the adoption of The European Union Directive on collective management of copyright and multi-territorial licensing of rights, as part of the EU’s Digital Single Market project, this exploratory research, with comparative analysis of CMOs using the linear ordering methods, explains the necessity of an epagogic approach to creating correct institutions besides directives and laws, such as central observation, an ombudsman for conflict management, or an official body to employ these features in one structure to actively govern the market. Results: The conducted analysis allowed us to reflect on the importance of transparency and taxonomic mapping of the audiovisual market landscape will be the guideline to flatten the copyright valuation divergence in the EU and eventually will pave the way for fewer disputes and more innovations.
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NIEDZIAŁKOWSKI, KRZYSZTOF, JOUNI PAAVOLA, and BOGUMIŁA JĘDRZEJEWSKA. "Governance of biodiversity in Poland before and after the accession to the EU: the tale of two roads." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 2 (September 21, 2012): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000288.

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SUMMARYAccession of the Central and Eastern European countries to the European Union involved considerable institutional changes in the field of environmental governance that undermined existing policy practices. Such changes in biodiversity governance are examined through two case studies from Poland concerning road development schemes in ecologically sensitive areas. Documentary material and semi-structured interviews are analysed and interpreted in light of the policy arrangement approach and historical institutionalism. After the EU accession there was a rapid shift from a government-monopolized arrangement towards a multi-level governance arrangement with regard to conflicts between infrastructure and natural areas. Previously, the government controlled practically all aspects of environmental policymaking, despite potential routes for greater involvement of non-state actors. Only the formal rules of Natura 2000 and environmental impact assessment, guarded by a coalition of powerful supranational bodies, non-governmental organizations and scientists, changed the pattern of governmental policy-making. New policy arrangements have increased capacity and legitimacy in the implementation of the European Union rules.
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Bojnec, Štefan, and Alan Križaj. "Electricity Markets during the Liberalization: The Case of a European Union Country." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144317.

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This paper analyzes electricity markets in Slovenia during the specific period of market deregulation and price liberalization. The drivers of electricity prices and electricity consumption are investigated. The Slovenian electricity markets are analyzed in relation with the European Energy Exchange (EEX) market. Associations between electricity prices on the one hand, and primary energy prices, variation in air temperature, daily maximum electricity power, and cross-border grid prices on the other hand, are analyzed separately for industrial and household consumers. Monthly data are used in a regression analysis during the period of Slovenia’s electricity market deregulation and price liberalization. Empirical results show that electricity prices achieved in the EEX market were significantly associated with primary energy prices. In Slovenia, the prices for daily maximum electricity power were significantly associated with electricity prices achieved on the EEX market. The increases in electricity prices for households, however, cannot be explained with developments in electricity prices on the EEX market. As the period analyzed is the stage of market deregulation and price liberalization, this can have important policy implications for the countries that still have regulated and monopolized electricity markets. Opening the electricity markets is expected to increase competition and reduce pressures for electricity price increases. However, the experiences and lessons learned among the countries following market deregulation and price liberalization are mixed. For industry, electricity prices affect cost competitiveness, while for households, electricity prices, through expenses, affect their welfare. A competitive and efficient electricity market should balance between suppliers’ and consumers’ market interests. With greening the energy markets and the development of the CO2 emission trading market, it is also important to encourage use of renewable energy sources.
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CENT, JOANNA, CORDULA MERTENS, and KRZYSZTOF NIEDZIAŁKOWSKI. "Roles and impacts of non-governmental organizations in Natura 2000 implementation in Hungary and Poland." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 2 (January 25, 2013): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000380.

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SUMMARYThe ecological network of Natura 2000, an European Union (EU) initiative to halt biodiversity loss across Europe, has dominated biodiversity governance in the new EU member states in recent years, as implementation was a condition of accession. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have generally assisted Natura 2000 implementation. In two Central and Eastern European countries (Poland and Hungary), NGOs became involved in different ways; this paper seeks to analyse and explain these national differences by researching the theoretical background of policy networks and advocacy coalitions in both countries. In Hungary, NGOs worked closely with governmental authorities and contributed significantly to site selection. In Poland, NGOs initially opposed government plans, but later moved toward close cooperation with public institutions; this resulted in a significant expansion in the area and number of designated Natura 2000 sites. In both countries, NGO influence increased during the Natura 2000 process owing to the establishment of multi-level policy networks with the European Commission and public institutions, based on resource dependencies and shared beliefs. In post-socialist countries, the progression from government-monopolized biodiversity conservation implies a growing importance and contribution of NGOs, and their ability to use resources appropriately in the new governance contexts.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Monopolies – European Union countries"

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Rasco, Clark Joseph. "Demographic trends in the European Union : political and strategic implicaitons /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FRasco.pdf.

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Li, Xin. "European identity, a case study." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555548.

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Krasniuk, S. O. "Adult learning technologies in the European Union countries." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10707.

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Slapin, Jonathan B. "Institutional design in the European Union how governments negotiated the Treaty of Amsterdam /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459915981&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Tan, Zu Jia. "Analysis on the integration of EU consumer credit markets : a co-integration analysis." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555572.

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Yucesan, Esin. "Stock Market Integration Between Turkey And European Union Countries." Thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605686/index.pdf.

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The objective of the study is to analyze the effects of two breakpoints on the relationships of Istanbul Stock Exchange with the European stock markets and on the relationships among these European stock markets to increase the economic integration. The breakpoints are the execution of the Customs Union Agreement of Turkey with the European Union in 1/1/1996 and the introduction of the Euro in 1/1/1999. While both breakpoints have effects on Turkey&rsquo
s economic relations, the European Union countries are expected to be influenced by only the introduction of the Euro. Stock market indices provided by DataStream is utilized. The statistical techniques used include the correlation and cointegration analysis. Results indicate that when examined on pair wise basis Turkish stock market has more liaisons with the European stock markets, in general, after the Customs Union
but less liaisons after the conversion to Euro. However, when examined as a group, the cointegration result finds the Euro as influential as the Customs Union. Alternatively, the European stock markets have decreasing integrations as a result of correlation analysis after the Euro, but it is an influential breakpoint according to cointegrating structures.
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Nezhyvenko, Oksana. "Informal employment in Ukraine and European Union transition countries." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0047/document.

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L'emploi informel est devenu un sérieux défi pour l'économie ukrainienne et des pays en transition au cours de l'adaptation aux conditions du marché. La tendance du nombre de travailleurs qui participent au secteur informel est en hausse depuis les dernières années. Dans mes recherches, je vais présenter l'état actuel de l'emploi informel en Ukraine et les pays en transition. Une attention particulière est accordée à la répartition du travail entre les différentes catégories de population, en divisant les individus en cinq catégories (employés formels, employés informels, travailleurs indépendants formels, travailleurs indépendants informels et chômeurs) selon la définition de l'emploi informel de l'OIT. Nous examinons le marché du travail en utilisant les données de Ukrainian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey pour l'Ukraine et Survey on Living and Income Conditions pour les pays en transition et nous élaborons la fonction des gains du capital humain pour le marché du travail en appliquant la fonction de répartition des gains de Mincer, afin d'étudier les facteurs qui déterminent les revenus et le choix de l'emploi de l'individu en Ukraine et les pays en transition
Informal employment became a serious challenge for the Ukrainian economy and economy of transition countries during the adjustment to market conditions. Trends of the number of workers participating in the informal sector have been rising for the last years. In my research I will present the current state of informal employment of Ukraine and transition countries. Detailed attention is paid to labour distribution across different population categories by dividing the individuals into five categories (formal employee, informal employee, formal self-employed, informal self-employed and unemployed) following the definition of informal employment from the ILO. We examine labour market using the data of the Ukrainian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for Ukraine and the Survey on Living and Income Conditions for transition countries and we design human capital earnings function for labour market by applying Mincer earnings distribution function in order to investigate the factors that determine the individual’s earnings and choice of the employment status both for Ukraine and transition countries
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Etienne, Anne. "Towards European Integration: Do the European Union and Its Members Abide by the Same Principles?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4617/.

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In the last few decades the European Union (EU) and its members have emphasized the importance of human rights and the need to improve human rights conditions in Third World countries. In this research project, I attempted to find out whether the European Union and its members practice what they preach by giving precedence to countries that respect human rights through their Official Development Assistance (ODA) program. Furthermore, I tried to analyze whether European integration occurs at the foreign policy level through aid allocation. Based on the literatures on political conditionality and on the relationship between human rights and foreign aid allocation, I expected that all EU members promote principles of good governance by rewarding countries that protect the human rights of their citizens. I conducted a cross-sectional time-series selection model over all recipients of ODA for each of the twelve members for which I have data, the European Commission, and the aggregate EU disbursements from 1979 to 1998.
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Shi, Feng. "Principles of European Union water law." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944040.

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Dihel, Nora Carina. "Temporary movements of services providers from Central and Eastern European Countries into the European Union /." [Bucureşti] : Ed. DBH, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013195171&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Books on the topic "Monopolies – European Union countries"

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Edurne, Navarro Varona, ed. Merger control in the European Union: Law, economics and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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European Union law. 2nd ed. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.

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1969-, Humphreys Matthew James, ed. European Union law. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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European Union law. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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European Union law. 3rd ed. London: LexisNexis UK, 2003.

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Neill, Nugent, ed. European Union enlargement. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

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(Firm), Routledge, ed. European Union law. 6th ed. London: Routledge-Cavendish, 2009.

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(Firm), Routledge, ed. European Union law. 6th ed. London: Routledge-Cavendish, 2009.

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1934-, Wood David Michael, ed. Emerging European union. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010.

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Davies, Karen. Understanding European Union law. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Monopolies – European Union countries"

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Hettne, Jörgen. "Transforming Monopolies: EU-Adjustment or Social Changes?" In How Unified Is the European Union?, 99–116. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95855-0_7.

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Eppler, Annegret. "European Union." In The Forum of Federations Handbook of Federal Countries 2020, 147–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42088-8_12.

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Schneider, Friedrich. "Size of the Shadow Economies of 28 European Union Countries from 2003 to 2018." In European Union, 111–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18103-1_6.

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Panić, M. "Postscript: A Comparison of EC and Gold Standard Countries." In European Monetary Union, 133–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13452-6_6.

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Hojnik, Janja. "Article 37 [State Monopolies of Commercial Character]." In Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union - A Commentary, 813–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43511-0_38.

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Sissenich, Beate. "European Union Policies toward Accession Countries." In Public Opinion, Party Competition, and the European Union in Post-Communist Europe, 19–39. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11500-3_2.

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Giaufret, Emanuele. "The European Development Fund." In The European Union and Developing Countries, 144–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509184_10.

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de Castro, Ana. "The European Investment Bank." In The European Union and Developing Countries, 154–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509184_11.

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Piccinini, Antonio, and Margaret Loseby. "The European Union, Developing Countries and Central and Eastern European Countries." In Agricultural Policies in Europe and the USA, 80–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597150_7.

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Farkas, Beáta. "Crisis-Resistant Nordic Countries?" In Models of Capitalism in the European Union, 227–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60057-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Monopolies – European Union countries"

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Macerinskiene, Irena. "INTANGIBLES ASSESSMENT IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b24/s7.050.

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Dudaitė, Jolita, Rūta Dačiulytė, and Jolanta Navickaitė. "LIFELONG LEARNING SITUATION IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.1679.

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Cikes, N., J. Dudler, F. Lioté, DE Bax, and NDS Bax. "THU0596 Rheumatology specialty training in european union countries." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.3314.

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Bir iakova, Na a., Jana Stavkova, and Veronika Anto ova. "Income Poverty in Selected Countries of the European Union." In 2013 International Conference on the Modern Development of Humanities and Social Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mdhss-13.2013.124.

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Albu, Angela. "CORRELATION BETWEEN INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVENESS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 5th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/1.3/s04.066.

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Kocisova, Kristina, and Martina Pastyriková. "DETERMINANTS OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In 13th Economics & Finance Virtual Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/efc.2020.013.005.

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Eren, Miraç, and Selahattin Kaynak. "Analysis of Innovation Performances of European Union Member Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01852.

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Together with the transition from the industrial society to the information society, Innovation at the forefront of the countries' development arguments has strategic significance for companies, industries, and countries and it is emerging as the main element of being in the market. Also, Innovation has vital importance in determining the policies of countries because of increasing social welfare and living standards of individuals. Countries having effective innovation policies and systems are rapidly advancing in the development race. Even in countries with low innovation performance, demand for innovative products and services are high. According to the Lisbon Strategy, it is important to know the innovation performances of the member countries of the European Union, which see the innovation as the basic element of economic growth, and to measure their activities. For these reasons, the purpose of this research is to analyze the innovation performances of the EU member countries. So, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the performance of each member country against the other member countries in the group consisting of European Union countries was considered. Therefore, the variables that are used in determining the level of innovation of the member states of the European Commission were respectively considered as Input Variables (Human Research, Research Systems, Finance, and Support) and Output Variables (Innovators, Economic effects). Tone (2001)'s Slack-Based Model and Lotfi & Poursakhi (2012)'s dynamic DEA Model was considered together to measure the efficiency of the countries in few periods instead of a single period.
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Zhou, Yanxi. "Identifying European Union Countries’ Cooperation in Reducing Carbon Emissions." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Mental Health, Education and Human Development (MHEHD 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220704.099.

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Bondarev, A. V., E. T. Zhilyakova, and M. Riffi. "ENTEROSORBENTS OF RUSSIA, THE EUROPEAN UNION AND ARAB COUNTRIES." In Современные тенденции развития технологий здоровьесбережения. Москва: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52101/9785870191058_236.

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de Pablo Valenciano, Jaime, Juan Uribe Toril, Juan Milán García, and Mercedes Capobianco Uriarte. "ROLE PLAYING FOR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2016.0786.

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Reports on the topic "Monopolies – European Union countries"

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Tomás, Inês, and Ricardo Barradas. Household indebtedness in the European Union countries: Going beyond the mainstream interpretation. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.03.

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Carbo-Valverde, Santiago, Edward Kane, and Francisco Rodriguez-Fernandez. Evidence of Differences in the Effectiveness of Safety-Net Management in European Union Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13782.

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Domínguez, Roberto. Perceptions of the European Union in Latin America. Fundación Carolina, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt76en.

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This working paper examines the puzzle of the gaps between the images that the EU projects, voluntarily and involuntarily, and the perceptions of the EU in Latin America. After reviewing some of the debates related to the role of perceptions in public policy and EU Public Diplomacy (EUPD), the paper analyzes some critical developments in global perceptions of the EU based on the study Update of the 2015 Analysis of the Perception of the EU and EU Policies Abroad (2021 Update Study), which assessed the attitudes of the EU in 13 countries. The third section examines some studies on the attitudes of the EU in Latin America, including some contributions from Latinobarometer. The fourth section offers comparative cases of EU perception in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia based on the findings of the 2021 Update Study. The analysis of each country relies on the interpretation of surveys with some references to the press analysis and interview methods provided in the 2021 Update Study. Each case discusses specific trends in the following areas: visibility, primary descriptors, global economics, and international leadership. Also, it identifies some patterns in perceptions of the EU in social development, climate change, research/technology, development assistance, culture, the case of the critical juncture in the survey (pandemic), and the EU as a normative setter. The final section offers some general trends in the perceptions of the EU in Latin America.
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Barradas, Ricardo. Drivers of private consumption in the era of financialisation: new evidence for the European Union countries. DINAMIA'CET-IUL, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2017.04.

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Barradas, Ricardo. Finance-growth nexus in the age of financialisation: An empirical reassessment for the European Union countries. DINAMIA-CET IUL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2018.07.

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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Advancing European Union Action to Address Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/rzme5933.

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The Ukraine war has added to the pressure to address the links between the environment, natural resource management and conflict. This SIPRI Research Policy Paper assesses the priorities of selected European Union (EU) member states regarding climate-related security risks, explores their strategies for pursuing these at EU level and identifies steps for further action. It finds that the appetite to tackle climate-related security risks at EU level is mixed. While maintaining the operational efficiency of the military is a red line, concentrating efforts on research, development and peacekeeping is acceptable even to countries that do not prioritize climate insecurity in their policies. Country strategies for pursuing such efforts involve spotlighting climate security during their respective rotating Council presidencies, working closely with the European External Action Service and the European Commission, and collaborating with like-minded member states. The paper recommends additional steps for action but in order to make effective adjustments to EU processes, climate security will need greater prominence on the EU agenda.
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Sheridan, Anne, and Sarah Groarke. Trends in migration to Ireland of nationals of countries with visa liberalisation agreements with the European Union. ESRI, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat75.

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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Mapping European Union Member States’ Responses to Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/htdn6668.

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This SIPRI Research Policy Paper identifies European Union (EU) member states’ efforts to address climate-related security risks in the short to medium term and suggests entry points for further action. Even countries making visible attempts to mainstream the linkages between climate and security are falling short of pursuing a comprehensive approach. Among the ongoing initiatives that might bear fruit in one to three years are: appointing climate security advisers; climate proofing peacebuilding and conflict proofing climate action; investing in early warning and risk mapping; reassessing climate financing and development aid; and building up the operational resilience of the military. Strengthening such efforts would involve: incorporating climate insecurity into foreign and security policy dialogues; increasing conflict-sensitive climate adaptation finance; sensitization to climate change and conflict; and improving the operationalization of early warning. To remain credible, EU member states must advance their climate security initiatives and close the gap between rhetoric and practice.
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Barradas, Ricardo. Financialisation and the fall in the labour share: a panel data econometric analysis for the european union countries. DINAMIA'CET-IUL, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2017.02.

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Barradas, Ricardo. Why has labour productivity slowed down in the era of financialisation? Insights from the post-Keynesians for the European Union countries. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2022.03.

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This paper employs a panel data econometric approach in order to empirically ascertain the role of the phenomenon of financialisation in the deceleration of labour productivity in the European Union (EU) countries from 1980 to 2019. During that time, the EU countries suffered a huge structural transformation based on Reaganomics and Thatcherism and their financial systems have experienced strong liberalisation and deregulation, which have contributed to poor evolution of labour productivity and have revived fears around a new ‘secular stagnation’ in the era of financialisation. Grounded in post-Keynesian literature, the slowdown of labour productivity in the majority of developed economies in the last decades cannot be separated from the phenomenon of financialisation, which has occurred through four different channels, namely the weak economic performance, the decline in the labour income share, the increase in personal income inequality, and strengthening of the degree of financialisation. Our findings confirm that lagged labour productivity, economic performance, and labour income share have a positive impact on labour productivity in the EU countries, while personal income inequality and the degree of financialisation impact it negatively. Our findings also reveal that labour productivity in the EU countries in the last decades would have grown more if there had been a stronger economic performance, a smaller decline (or even a rise) of the labour income share, a smaller increase (or even a decrease) of personal income inequality, and a weakening of the degree of financialisation.
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